Index

A C Acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM), Cadmium sulfide (CdS), 122, 123 112 Calorimetry, 127, 189–196, 203 Acoustic emission, 201 Capillary hydrodynamic fractionation (CHDF), 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid 203 (AMPS), 120 Carbon dioxide, supercritical, 46, 65 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) florescence test, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), 120 208 CeO2, 120 Adhesive wall, 168, 176 Chalcogenide/polymer hybrid, Alkylamidines, 145 magnetoresponsive, 123 Allyl methacrylate (AMA), 113 Coagulation, 161 Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), Coatings, 2, 11, 46, 105–109, 116, 121, 132, 6, 116, 117 144, 155 Attenuated total reflection (ATR), 193 adhesives, 11 Automatic continuous online monitoring of UV-blocking, 120 polymerization reactions (ACOMP), Colloidal interactions, 79, 83 188 Comonomers, switchable, 153 Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] Composites, 105 (VA-061), 148 Conductometry, 205 Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] Core–shell particles, 107 dihydrochloride (VA-044), 148 CO2-switchable groups, 143 Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) Counterions, association, 79 dihydrochloride (V-50), 153 Critical micelle concentration (CMC), 34, 35

B D BA-co-AA-co-AMPS, 120 Debye–Hückel parameter, 83 Bancroft’s rule, 30 Deryaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek Biocontamination, 207 (DLVO) theory, 79–83, 92, 100, Boltzmann distribution, 93, 95, 98 169, 170 Boltzmann effect, 81 Dielectric spectroscopy (DS), 207 Butylacrylate-methylmethacrylate-acrylic acid 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymer latexes, 95 (DEAEMA), 147

215 216 Index

Diethyl-1,4-phenylendiamin (DPD), 208 H Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), 198 Hamaker relation, 83 Diffusion, 45 Heat exchangers, 163 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate Hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 61 (DMAEMA), 147 High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) Dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide cryo-STEM image, 130 (DMAPMAm), 147 High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Dimethyldodecylamine (DDA), 150 202 Discrete element method (DEM), 161, 164 Hogg–Healy–Fuersteneau expression, 83 Dispersed systems, 45 Hollow latex particles, 109 Dispersion polymerization, 45 Hydration, 80–100, 168 (N-Amidino)dodecyl acrylamide (DAm), 149 Hydrodynamics, 165 Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylacetamidinium Hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 109 bicarbonate, 151 N'-(2-(2-(Dodecyloxy)ethoxy)ethyl-N,N- dimethylacetamidinium bicarbonate, I 151 Initiators, CO2-switchable, 148 Droplet formation, 23 Interaction energy barrier, 80 forced, 25 spontaneous, 30 Drug delivery, 109 J Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory, 169

E Efficiency, 1, 9, 58, 119, 184 K Elastomer latex, fluorinated, 87 Kinetic rate constants, 56 Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), Kolmogorov length, 26 205 Electrical double layer (EDL), 80 Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), 205 L Electrolyte dissociation equilibrium, 82 Latexes, 5, 32, 80, 105, 143, 163, 200 Emulsification, spontaneous, 30–41 CO2-switchable, 149 Emulsion polymerization, 1, 23, 80, 143, 189 stimuli-responsive, 143 Encapsulation, 115–123, 132–134, 145, 205 Layered double hydroxide (LDH), 117 Evanescent wave spectroscopy (EWA), 193 LDPE, 11 Lubrication forces, 167

F Fiber optic quasi-elastic light scattering M (FOQELS), 199 Magnetite, 121, 123 Flocculant, CO2-switchable, 153 Magnetoresponsive, 123 Focused beam reflectance measurement Mathematical modeling, 1, 13, 105, 165 (FBRM), 198 Membrane bioreactors, 163 Fouling, 161–180, 184–190, 198–201, 209 Methacrylic acid (MAA), 111 Free-radical polymerization (FRP), 3, 45–54, Methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane (MMS), 73, 195 120 Fuchs stability ratio, 79, 80 Methylacryloyloxyl-2-hydroxypropyl perfluorooctanoate (FGOA), 108 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, 193 G Miniemulsion polymerization, 1, 10, 116 Gibbsite, 120 Modeling, 45, 161 Gouy–Chapman theory, 85 Monomers Graphene oxide, 121 CO2-switchable, 147 Index 217

residual, 8 Polyacrylate/PS, 110 Montmorillonite, 116 Polyacrylate/PU, 108 Morphologies Polyethylene wax dispersions, micronized, 11 composite latex particles, 123 Polymer hybrids, 105 flower-like, 113 Polymer–inorganic particles, 115 nonequilibrium, 111 Polymerization Multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS), 30 dispersion, 45 emulsion, 23 induced self-assembly (PISA), 154 N miniemulsion, 1 Nanoparticles, 2, 111–134, 144, 150, 155 precipitation, 45 CO2-switchable, 155 radical, 45 Navier–Stokes equations, 163, 166 Poly(methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/poly Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, 193 (methacrylic acid-co-N- Nitroxide-mediated polymerization, 154 isopropylacylamide), 109 Poly(methacrylic acid-co-N- isopropylacylamide), 110 O Polystyrene (PS), 26, 27, 33, 37, 112, 149 Online analytics, 183 magnetite/CdS, 122 Optical coherence tomography (OCT), 198 SiO2, 120 switchable, 152 TiO2/magnetite, 122 P Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) [P(S-co-BA)], Particles 109 morphology, 1, 6, 105 Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/poly(styrene- switchable, 143 co-butyl acrylate), crosslinked, 108 volume fraction, 86–91, 166, 173, 178 Polyurethane, 10, 109 Particle size distribution (PSD), 7, 14 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), 198 Particle vision and measurement (PVM), 198 Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), 39 P(BA-co-MMA)/P(BA-co-MMA-co-acrylate- Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 69 dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate-co- Polyvinylformal (PVF), 150 AA), 113 Population balance equations (PBE), 164 P(BA-co-MMA)/P(BA-co-MMA-co-DFMA-co- Power compensation calorimetry (PCC), 189 AA), 115 Precipitation polymerization, 45 P(BA-co-S)/NaMMT, 121 Probability density function (PDF), 163 PBA/PVC, 115 Process efficiency, 1 PDEAEMA, 147 Process monitoring, 183 PDMAEMA-b-PMMA, 150 P(S-co-DVB)/P(MMA-co-DVB)/CdSe/CdS, Perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based carboxylate, 119 87 P(S-co-MA)/ CeO2, 119 Photocatalytic coatings, 116 PVAc/PVOH/MMT, 118 Photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy, 198 P(VC-co-AAEM)/PS, 112, 114 Physicochemical process interplay, 79 P(VDF-co-MA), 120 Pickering stabilization, 120 P(VDF-co-MA)/CeO2, 119 P(MA-co-BA)/LDH, 118 P(MMA-BA-MAAEGDMA)/P(MMA-St- MAA)/P(St-DVB), 110 Q P(MMA-co-BA-AA)/CeO2, 119 Quantum dots (QD), 2, 116, 119 P(MMA-co-BA-co-SA)/TiO2, 122 P(MMA-co-BA)/Gibssite/(AA-co-BA), 118 PMMA/PS/MMT, 118 R Poisson–Boltzmann equation, 85 Radicals Polyacrylate/polyacrylate, fluorinated, 108 concentration profiles/termination, 5 218 Index

Radicals (cont.) Surfmers, 12, 14, 123 entry/exit, 1, 3, 5 Suspension rheology, 161 polymerization Switchable particles, 143 controlled, 6, 13, 14, 45, 116, 203 free, 3, 45–54, 73, 195 Raman spectroscopy, 195 T Reactors, continuous, 10 Thermodynamics, 23 Redox initiators, 8 TiO2, 121–123 Repulsive wall/barrier, 80, 87, 168, 171, 176 Toxicity, 116, 153 Reversible addition–fragmentation chain Transition metals transfer (RAFT) polymerization, 6 early, 11 Rheology, suspension, 161 late, 11, 14 Transport, parameters, 58

S Sanchez–Lacombe equation, 66 U Shear, 26–28, 61, 73, 144, 162, 201 Ultrasound absorption (spectroscopy), 200 mechanical, 144 Ultrasound pulse echo, 206 rate, 62, 165, 167, 171–178 Ultrasound velocity, 199 stress, 200 UV/VIS spectroscopy, 197 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 203 Smith–Ewart population balance, 5 Snowman-like hybrid particles, 120 V Sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS), 12 VA-044, 148, 149 Stability model, generalized, 79 VA-061, 148, 149, 151, 153 Styrene, 4, 5, 13, 30, 36–40, 48, 91, 112, 120, Vinyl acetate–ethylene copolymer, 11, 183 133, 153, 191 Vinylbenzyl phosphonyl diethyl ester, 120 acrylate copolymer latex, 91 Vinyl chloride (VC), 48, 61, 69, 73, 112 divinyl benzene (DVB), 120 Vinylidene fluoride (VDF), 61 Surface charge, 79–101, 149 Vinylimidazole (VI), 61 Surface energy, 161, 172, 180 Vinyl-pyrrolidone (VP), 61 Surface potential, 83, 85, 87, 97–101, 169, 174 Viscosity, 7, 13, 26, 46, 111, 124, 171, 183, Surfactant adsorption equilibrium, 81 186, 201, 205 Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 8, 202, (SFEP), 153 203 Surfactants, 4, 10–14, 28–40, 46–49, 65–70, 79–102, 120, 127, 143–156, 205 acid/base-sensitive, 146 W adsorption, 79 Water, switchable, 154 CO2-switchable, 143 ionic, 205 light-sensitive, 146 Z redox-sensitive, 146 Zeta potential, 40, 80, 149, 151 toxicity, 153 ZnO, 119, 121, 133