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University Miaorilms International 300 N INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Miaorilms International 300 N. Z eeb Road Ann Arbor, MI46106 8300207 Beam, William Cloice THE INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION, AEROBIC CAPACITY AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH ON THE INCIDENCE OF INJURY IN ATHLETICS The Ohio State University PH.D. 1982 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 by Beam, William Cloice All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or ______pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or ______print 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original _copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost ______in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct______ print 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered____________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 16. Other_______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms % International THE INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION, AEROBIC CAPACITY AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH ON THE INCIDENCE OF INJURY IN ATHLETICS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by William C. Beam, B, A., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1982 Reading Committee: Approved bv Robert L, Bartels, Ph.D. Edward L, Pox, Ph.D. idviser Robert N, Clark, M.D. School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation DEDICATION To my wife, Teresa, whose love and enthusiasm made this work possible. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to my adviser and friend, Dr. Robert L. Bartels, for his assistance and guidance throughout my doctoral program. It was through his efforts and the opportunities he created that I was able to complete and enjoy my graduate study. I am also appreciative of the efforts of Dr, Edward L. Fox and Dr. Robert N. Clark for their guidance and advice as members of my reading committee. If it were not for the support of my parents, Dr. William C. and Thyra Beam, my academic experience would not have been possible. For this I am sincerely grateful, but especially I am grateful for their love. VITA 15 May 1955.................... B o m - Orrville, Ohio 1977 ........................ B.A. , Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 1979-1980 ........ Graduate Research Associate, Department of Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979 ........................ M.A., Physical Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1980-1981 . .................. Graduate Research Associate, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981-1982 ..................... Graduate Research Associate, Departments of Surgery and Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Beam, W.C., R.L. Bartels, and R.W. Ward. The Relationship of Isokinetic Torque to Body Weight and to Lean Body Weight in Athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 14(2): 178, 1982. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................. iii VITA ....................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................. vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......... 1 Statement of the P r o b l e m ........................ 4 Purpose of the Study .................. 5 Delimitations of the Study ......... 5 Limitations of the Study ......... 6 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................... 8 The Influence of Physical Activity on Certain Physical and Physiological Variables ..... 9 The Influence of Certain Physical and Physiological Variables on the Incidence of Athletic Injury . 13 The Influence of Modifying Certain Physical and Physiological Variables on the Prevention of Athletic Injury ............... 19 III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURES ...................... 22 Research Design ......................... 22 Evaluation of Body C o m p o s i t i o n .................. 27 Evaluation of Aerobic C a p a c i t y .................. 31 Evaluation of Muscular Strength .................. 36 IV. RESULTS............................................... 39 Incidence of Athletic injuries ....... 39 Comparison of Injured and Uninjured Athletes . 45 Correlation of Variables with Injury Frequency . , 53 Correlation of Variables with Injury Occurrence . 55 v V. DISCUSSION............................................ 65 Incidence of Athletic injuries ................... 65 Comparison of Injured and Uninjured Athletes . 69 Correlation of Physical and Physiological Variables with Injury .......... 72 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................ 75 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................... 78 APPENDIXES .................................................. 85 A. Ergo-Pneumotest Calibration Procedure ...... 85 B. Isokinetic Dynamometer Calibration Procedure .... 90 C. Raw Data of Subjects by Team ............. 97 D. Statistics 10 5 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1. The Influence of a Preseason Conditioning Program on the Number and Severity of Knee Injuries from 1969-1980 20 2. Physical Characteristics of Subjects by Team.... 24 3. Physical and Physiological Variables Evaluated in this Study ............................ 25 4. Treadmill Protocol used for Determination of Maximal Oxygen Consumption ......................... 32 5. Procedure used for the Determination of Isokinetic Muscular Strength for the Extensors and Flexors of the Knee Joint 37 6. Total Injury Rate (TINJRATE) Ranked by Team ....40 7. Lower Injury Rate (LINJRATE) Ranked by Team ....41 8. Total Injury Probability (TINJPROB) Ranked by Team . 43 9. Lower Injury Probability (LINJPROB) Ranked by Team . 44 10. Body composition Characteristics of Male Subjects Classified as Injured or Uninjured ............ 46 11. Body Composition Characteristics of Female Subjects Classified as Injured or Uninjured ....... 47 12. Aerobic Capacity Characteristics of Female Subjects Classified as Injured or Uninjured................ 49 13. Muscular Strength Characteristics of Male Athletes Classified as Injured or Uninjured ............... 51 14. Muscular Strength Characteristics of Female Athletes Classified as Injured or Uninjured ..••••. 52 15. Results of the Correlation of Physical and Physiological Variables with Injury Frequency (INJFREQ) .... 54 vii TABLE Page 16. Results of the Correlation of Body Composition Variables with Total Injuries (TINJ) and Lower Injuries (LINJ) ............... 57 17. Results of the Correlation of Aerobic Capacity Variables with Total Injuries (TINJ) and Lower Injuries (LINJ) .................. 58 18. Results of the Correlation of Muscular Strength Variables with Lower injuries (LINJ) ...••• 59 19. Results of the Correlation of Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity Variables with Total injuries (TINJ) and Lower Injuries (LINJ) .................. 62 20. Results of the Correlation of Body Composition and Muscular Strength Variables with Lower Injuries (LINJ)......................... 63 21. Results of the Correlation of Aerobic Capacity and Muscular strength Variables with
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