DOCSLIB.ORG

Alzheimer's: Unraveling the Mystery )NTRODUCTION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alzheimer's: Unraveling the Mystery )NTRODUCTION Alzheimer's: Unraveling the Mystery )NTRODUCTION h.EVERHAVE)LOVEDMYHUSBANDOFYEARSMORETHAN)DOTODAY4HOUGHHEMAYNOTKNOW)MHISWIFE HEDOESKNOWTHATMYPRESENCEMEANSHISFAVORITEFOODSANDDRINKSARENEARATHAND)WONDERWHY)CAN SITDAILYBYHISSIDEAS)PLAYTAPES RELATEBITSANDPIECESOFNEWS HOLDHISHAND TELLHIM)LOVEHIM9ET)AM CONTENTWHEN)AMWITHHIM THOUGH)GRIEVEFORTHELOSSOFHISSMILE THESOUNDOFMYNAMEONHISLIPSv HISEXCERPTFROM,ESSONS,EARNED3HARED STUDYING!$SOTHATTHEYCANlNDWAYSTOMANAGE %XPERIENCESIN#OPING BYPARTICIPANTS TREAT ANDONEDAYPREVENTTHISTERRIBLEDISEASE OFTHE$UKE5NIVERSITY!LZHEIMER 3UPPORT'ROUPS GIVESAGLIMPSEINTO !$!'2/7).'.!4)/.!,02/",%- 4WHATAPERSONWITH!LZHEIMERSDISEASE!$ AND &ORMANYOLDERADULTSANDTHEIRFAMILIES !$ AFAMILYCAREGIVERMIGHTEXPERIENCEASTHEDISEASE STANDSINTHEWAYOFTHEh'OLDEN9EARSv)TALSO PROGRESSES4HEGRADUALSLIPPINGAWAYOFMIND PRESENTSAMAJORPROBLEMFOROURHEALTHCARESYSTEM ANDMEMORYISFRIGHTENINGANDFRUSTRATING BOTH ANDSOCIETYASAWHOLE!$ISTHEMOSTCOMMON FORTHEPERSONWITHTHEDISEASEANDFORFAMILYAND CAUSEOFDEMENTIAAMONGOLDERPEOPLE2ECENT FRIENDS ANDCANELICITSTRONGFEELINGSOFLOVE GRIEF ESTIMATESOFHOWMANYPEOPLEINTHE5NITED3TATES ANGER ANDEXHAUSTION CURRENTLYHAVE!$DIFFER WITHNUMBERSRANGING !$ISANIRREVERSIBLE PROGRESSIVEBRAINDISEASE FROMMILLIONTOMILLION DEPENDINGONHOW THATSLOWLYDESTROYSMEMORYANDTHINKINGSKILLS !$ISMEASURED"UTSCIENTISTSAGREETHATUNLESS EVENTUALLYEVENTHEABILITYTOCARRYOUTTHESIMPLEST THEDISEASECANBEEFFECTIVELYTREATEDORPREVENTED TASKS)NMOSTPEOPLEWITH!$ SYMPTOMSlRST THENUMBERSWILLINCREASESIGNIlCANTLYIFCURRENT APPEARAFTERAGE!$ISCAUSEDBYADISEASETHAT POPULATIONTRENDSCONTINUE AFFECTSTHEBRAIN)NTHEABSENCEOFDISEASE THE /URAGINGSOCIETYMAKES!$ANESPECIALLYCRITI HUMANBRAINOFTENCANFUNCTIONWELLINTOTHE CALISSUE!#ENSUS"UREAUREPORTONAGING THDECADEOFLIFE INTHE5NITED3TATESNOTESTHATTHEPOPULATION .OTSOLONGAGO WEWERENOTABLETODO AGEANDOLDERISEXPECTEDTODOUBLEINSIZETO MUCHFORPEOPLEWITH!$4ODAY THATSITUATION ABOUTMILLIONPEOPLEWITHINTHENEXTYEARS ISCHANGING4HOUSANDSOFSCIENTISTS VOLUNTARY -OREOVER THEANDOLDERAGEGROUPISNOWTHE ORGANIZATIONS ANDHEALTHCAREPROFESSIONALSARE FASTESTGROWINGSEGMENTOFTHEPOPULATION4HISIS ALLTHEMOREIMPORTANTFORANEURODEGENERATIVE 3EETHEGLOSSARYONPAGEFOR DElNITIONSOFBOLDFACEDTERMS !,:(%)-%23$)3%!3%5NRAVELINGTHE-YSTERY DISEASELIKE!$BECAUSETHENUMBEROFPEOPLE BEGINSMANYYEARS PERHAPSEVENDECADES WITHTHEDISEASEDOUBLESFOREVERY YEARAGE BEFORESYMPTOMSEMERGE$ISCOVERINGWAYSTO INTERVALBEYONDAGE IDENTIFY!$INTHEEARLIESTSTAGESANDHALTORSLOW !$NOTONLYAFFECTSTHEPEOPLEWITHTHEDISEASE ITSPROGRESSWILLBENElTINDIVIDUALS FAMILIES AND OFCOURSE4HENUMBEROF!$CAREGIVERSAND THE.ATIONASAWHOLE THEIRNEEDSCANBEEXPECTEDTORISERAPIDLYAS THEPOPULATIONAGESANDASTHENUMBEROFPEOPLE !"/544()3"//+ WITH!$GROWS$URINGTHEIRYEARSOF!$CARE 4HINKINGABOUT!$LEADSTOQUESTIONSSUCHAS GIVING SPOUSES RELATIVES ANDFRIENDSEXPERIENCE 7HATCAUSESIT7HATCANBEDONETOCUREITOR GREATEMOTIONAL PHYSICAL ANDlNANCIALCHALLENGES PREVENTIT7ILL)GETIT3CIENTISTSASKTHESAME !STHEDISEASERUNSITSCOURSEANDTHEABILITIESOF TYPESOFQUESTIONS ANDTHISBOOKDESCRIBESTHEIR PEOPLEWITH!$STEADILYDECLINE FAMILYMEMBERS SEARCHFORANSWERS)TISWRITTENFORPEOPLEWITH FACEDIFlCULT ANDOFTENCOSTLY DECISIONSABOUTTHE !$ THEIRFAMILYMEMBERSANDFRIENDS CAREGIVERS LONG TERMCAREOFTHEIRLOVEDONES ANDOTHERSINTERESTEDIN!$ 4HEGROWINGNUMBEROFPEOPLEWITH!$AND 4HISBOOKHASFOURSECTIONS THECOSTSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEDISEASEALSOPUTA N 0ARTGIVESREADERSSOMEBASICSABOUTTHE HEAVYECONOMICBURDENONSOCIETY4HENATIONAL HEALTHYBRAIN)LLUSTRATIONSANDTEXTSHOWWHATA DIRECTANDINDIRECTCOSTSOFCARINGFORPEOPLEWITH HEALTHYBRAINLOOKSLIKEANDHOWITWORKS !$AREESTIMATEDTOBEMORETHANBILLIONA N 0ARTFOCUSESONWHATHAPPENSINTHEBRAIN YEAR!STUDYPROVIDEDANEQUALLYSOBERING DURING!$ PICTUREOFTHEIMPACTOF!$)TISESTIMATEDTHAT IFCURRENT!$TRENDSCONTINUE TOTAL&EDERAL -EDICARESPENDINGTOTREATBENElCIARIESWITHTHE 6ISITTHE.ATIONAL)NSTITUTEON!GING DISEASEWILLINCREASEFROMBILLIONINTO .)! !LZHEIMERS$ISEASE%DUCATION BILLIONIN AND2EFERRAL!$%!2 #ENTERWEBSITE &ORTHESEREASONS !$ISANURGENTRESEARCH ATWWWNIANIHGOV!LZHEIMERS!$VIDEO PRIORITY7ENEEDTOlNDWAYSTOMANAGEANDTREAT TOVIEWANANIMATIONTHATHELPSTHISPART !$BECAUSEOFITSBROAD REACHINGANDDEVASTATING OFTHEBOOKCOMEALIVE IMPACT7ENOWKNOWTHATTHEDISEASEPROCESS !,:(%)-%23$)3%!3%5NRAVELINGTHE-YSTERY )NTRODUCTION N 0ARTTALKSABOUTCURRENTRESEARCHANDTHE !BOOKLIKETHISISPOSSIBLEONLYBECAUSEOF ADVANCESTHATAREBRINGINGUSCLOSERTOWAYSOF THEMAJORPROGRESSTHATSCIENTISTSTHROUGHOUTTHE MANAGINGANDEVENTUALLYDEFEATING!$ WORLDHAVEMADE.OTLONGAGO WEKNEWVERY N 0ARTFOCUSESONISSUESIMPORTANTTO!$ LITTLEABOUT!$OTHERTHANSOMEFACTSABOUTITS CAREGIVERSANDFAMILIES INCLUDINGCURRENTRESEARCH MAJORCHARACTERISTICS4ODAY WEAREBEGINNING THATISlNDINGWAYSTOIMPROVECAREGIVERSUPPORT TOUNDERSTANDMOREABOUTWHAT!$ISANDWHO GETSIT HOWANDWHYITDEVELOPS ANDWHATCOURSE 4HEENDOFTHEBOOKINCLUDESALISTOFPUBLICA ITFOLLOWS7EARELEARNINGABOUTTHECOMPLEX TIONSANDRESOURCESTHATPEOPLEWITH!$ FAMILY INTERFACEBETWEEN!$ANDNORMALAGE RELATED MEMBERS ANDCAREGIVERSMAYlNDUSEFULASTHEY CHANGESINTHEBRAIN7EALSOAREGETTINGMUCH LIVEDAYTODAYWITHTHEDISEASE 4HENAND.OW4HE&AST0ACEOF$EVELOPMENTSIN!$2ESEARCH SSHOWNINTHISTIMELINE WEHAVELEARNEDALOTSINCE$R!LZHEIMERPRESENTEDTHECASEOFHISPATIENT !UGUSTE$ !4HEPACEOFRESEARCHCONTINUESTOACCELERATEASNEWlNDINGSOPENMOREANDMOREDOORSTODISCOVERY / /S N$R!LOIS!LZHEIMER A'ERMANNEUROLOGISTAND N3CIENTISTSDISCOVERALINKBETWEENDEMENTIAAND PSYCHIATRIST DESCRIBESTHECASEOFA YEAR OLD THENUMBEROFPLAQUESPRESENTINTHEBRAIN!$IS WOMAN !UGUSTE$ WHOHADBEENADMITTEDTO RECOGNIZEDASADISTINCTDISEASE NOTANORMALPART AHOSPITALYEARSEARLIERWITHACLUSTEROFUNUSUAL OFAGING SYMPTOMS INCLUDINGPROBLEMSWITHCOMPREHENSION ANDMEMORY ANINABILITYTOSPEAK DISORIENTATION /S BEHAVIORALPROBLEMS ANDHALLUCINATIONS!FTERHER N3CIENTISTSlNDTHATLEVELSOFACETYLCHOLINE A DEATH $R!LZHEIMEREXAMINEDHERBRAINTISSUEAND NEUROTRANSMITTERIMPORTANTINMEMORYFORMATION DESCRIBEDTWOOFTHEHALLMARKSOF!$NUMEROUS FALLSSHARPLYINPEOPLEWITH!$4HISDISCOVERYIS GLOBSOFSTICKYPROTEINSINTHESPACESBETWEEN ONEOFTHElRSTTOLINK!$WITHBIOCHEMICALCHANGES NEURONSBETA AMYLOIDPLAQUES ANDATANGLED INTHEBRAIN BUNDLEOFlBRILSWITHINNEURONSNEUROlBRILLARY Nh!LZHEIMERSDISEASEvBECOMESACOMMONTERMAS TANGLES RECOGNITIONOF!$ASAMAJORPUBLICHEALTHPROBLEM GROWS /Sn/S N.)!ISESTABLISHED N"ELIEFPERSISTSTHAThSENILEDEMENTIAvISANORMALPART OFAGING /S N$IAGNOSTICCRITERIAFOR!$AREESTABLISHED /S N'ENETICLINKSTOEARLY ONSET!$BEGINTOSURFACE N3CIENTISTSSTUDYTHEBIOLOGICALSTRUCTUREOFPLAQUES N#ONGRESSMANDATES.)!ASLEAD&EDERALAGENCY ANDTANGLES FOR!$RESEARCH !,:(%)-%23$)3%!3%5NRAVELINGTHE-YSTERY BETTERATDIAGNOSINGITEARLYANDACCURATELY-OST FUNCTIONINHEALTHYOLDERPEOPLEANDIDENTIlED IMPORTANT WENOWHAVESOMEPROMISINGLEADSON WAYSWEMIGHTLESSENNORMALAGE RELATEDDECLINES POSSIBLETREATMENTS3TUDIESALSOAREBEGINNING INMENTALFUNCTION-OSTIMPORTANTLY THISACCU TOFOCUSONPREVENTIVESTRATEGIESBYEXAMINING MULATEDRESEARCHHASINCREASEDOURAPPRECIATION LIFESTYLEFACTORSTHATMIGHTINmUENCEAPERSONS FORJUSTHOWCOMPLEX!$IS)TISNOWCLEARTHAT RISKOFDEVELOPING!$ MANYSCIENTIlCANDCLINICALDISCIPLINESNEEDTO 3INCETHES RESEARCHSUPPORTEDBY WORKTOGETHERTOUNTANGLETHEGENETIC BIOLOGICAL .)!ANDOTHERORGANIZATIONSHASDEEPENED ANDENVIRONMENTALFACTORSTHAT OVERMANY OURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHISDEVASTATINGDISEASE YEARS SETAPERSONONACOURSETHATULTIMATELY )TALSOHASEXPANDEDOURKNOWLEDGEOFBRAIN RESULTSIN!$ N3CIENTISTSSTARTTOUNRAVELTHEBIOLOGICALPATHWAYS ///S THATLEADTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFBETA AMYLOID N4HE&$!APPROVESOTHER!$DRUGS INCLUDING PLAQUESINTHEBRAIN RIVASTIGMINE%XELON GALANTAMINE2AZADYNE N!BNORMALTAUPROTEININTANGLESISIDENTIlED DONEPEZIL!RICEPT ANDMEMANTINE.AMENDA TOTREATSYMPTOMSOF!$ /S N%ARLYWORKONAN!$VACCINEBEGINS N4HE53&OODAND$RUG!DMINISTRATION&$! N-ANYNEW!$CLINICALTRIALS INITIATIVES AND APPROVESTACRINE#OGNEX THElRSTDRUGUSEDTO STUDIESARELAUNCHED LOOKINGATABROADARRAYOF TREAT!$4HISDRUGHASSINCEBEENREPLACEDBY TRANSLATIONAL TREATMENT ANDPREVENTIONISSUES OTHERMEDICATIONS N.EWTRANSGENICMOUSEMODELS INCLUDINGONE N'ENETICMUTATIONSLINKEDTOEARLY ONSETAND THATDEVELOPSBOTHPLAQUESANDTANGLES ARE LATE ONSET!$AREDISCOVERED DEVELOPED N4HEFIRSTTRANSGENICMOUSEMODELOF!$IS N0ITTSBURGH#OMPOUND"0I" ISDEVELOPED ALLOWING CREATED RESEARCHERSTOhSEEvBETA AMYLOIDPLAQUESINTHE N!DDITIONALDIAGNOSTICCRITERIAAREDEVELOPEDFOR!$ BRAINSOFLIVINGPEOPLE N#HARACTERISTICSOFMILDCOGNITIVEIMPAIRMENTARE N4HEGROWINGSOPHISTICATIONOFNEUROIMAGING DESCRIBEDANDDElNED TECHNIQUES GENETICS MEMORYANDCOGNITIVE N.)!LAUNCHESTHE!LZHEIMERS$ISEASE%DUCATION TESTS STRUCTUREDINTERVIEWS ANDOTHERTECHNOLOGIES AND2EFERRAL#ENTER !$#OOPERATIVE3TUDY AND IMPROVEOURABILITYTOIDENTIFYPEOPLEATHIGH OTHERINITIATIVESTOCONDUCTANDSUPPORT!$TREATMENT RISKOF!$ ANDPREVENTIONCLINICALTRIALS !,:(%)-%23$)3%!3%5NRAVELINGTHE-YSTERY OUNDERSTAND!$ ITISIMPORTANTTO 4HE"RAINS KNOWABITABOUTTHEBRAIN4HISPARTOF 6ITAL3TATISTICS 5NRAVELINGTHE-YSTERYGIVESANINSIDE VIEWOFTHENORMALBRAIN HOWITWORKS 4ANDWHATHAPPENSDURINGAGING !$5,47%)'(4 4HEBRAINISAREMARKABLEORGAN3EEMINGLY ABOUTPOUNDS WITHOUTEFFORT ITALLOWSUSTOCARRYOUTEVERY ! $ 5 , 4 3 ) : % ELEMENTOFOURDAILYLIVES)TMANAGESMANYBODY AMEDIUMCAULImOWER FUNCTIONS SUCHASBREATHING BLOODCIRCULATION . 5 - " % 2 / & . % 5 2 / . 3 ANDDIGESTION WITHOUTOURKNOWLEDGEOR ABOUT BILLION DIRECTION)TALSODIRECTSALLTHEFUNCTIONSWECARRY OUTCONSCIOUSLY7ECANSPEAK HEAR SEE MOVE .5-"%2/&39.!03%3 REMEMBER FEELEMOTIONS ANDMAKEDECISIONS THEGAPSBETWEENNEURONS BECAUSEOFTHECOMPLICATEDMIXOFCHEMICALAND ABOUT TRILLION ELECTRICALPROCESSESTHATTAKEPLACEINOURBRAINS .5-"%2/&#!0),,!2)%3 4HEBRAINISMADEOFNERVECELLSANDSEVERAL TINYBLOODVESSELS OTHERCELLTYPES.ERVECELLSALSOARECALLED ABOUT BILLION NEURONS4HENEURONSOFALLANIMALSFUNCTIONIN BASICALLYTHESAMEWAY EVENTHOUGHANIMALSCAN BEVERYDIFFERENTFROMEACHOTHER.EURONSSURVIVE THEBRAINISONLYABOUTPERCENTOFTHEBODYS ANDFUNCTIONWITHTHEHELPANDSUPPORTOFGLIAL
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Guide to Physical Activity and Your Health
    YOUR GUIDE TO Physical Activity and Your Heart U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute YOUR GUIDE TO Physical Activity and Your Heart U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Publication No. 06-5714 June 2006 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Contents On the Move . 1 Physical Activity and Your Health . 3 Physical Activity: The Heart Connection. 4 Heart Disease Risk Factors . 5 You Have Control . 6 Eight Tips for Heart Health . 7 Physical Activity: The Calorie Connection . 7 The Benefits Keep Coming . 8 Go for the Burn! . 9 Great Moves . 11 Types of Physical Activity . 11 Working Together for Health . 11 A Complete Activity Program. 12 Three Moves for Health . 13 Intensity Levels . 14 Choosing Your Moves . 15 Getting in Motion . 17 Exploding the Myths . 17 Taking Precautions . 19 Choosing the Right Activity . 20 Smart Moves . 23 Tracking Your Target Heart Rate. 24 Finding Your Target Heart Rate Zone . 25 A Sample Walking Program. 27 A Sample Jogging Program . 28 Playing It Safe . 31 Avoid Injury . 31 Eat Right . 32 Check the Weather Report . 32 Taking Too Much Heat . 33 Seek Company. 34 Contents Know the Signs of a Heart Problem. 34 Get Back in the Swing . 34 iv Staying Active . 37 Motivation Makers . 37 Creating Opportunities . 38 Family Fitness . 39 Measuring Your Mileage . 40 Moving Toward Health . 41 To Learn More . 43 1 On the Move Chances are, you already know that physical activity is good for you.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshmen/Sophomore the Five Components of Physical Fitness
    Fitness Study Guide: Freshmen/Sophomore The Five Components of Physical Fitness The 5 components of physical fitness are used in schools, gyms and health clubs to measure your level of physical fitness. Total fitness is defined by how well your body performs in each of 5 categories. These 5 components measure your body's ability to use oxygen as fuel, your muscular strength and endurance, the flexibility of your joints and your total body fat. The five components of physical fitness are: Cardiovascular Endurance Muscle strength Muscle endurance Flexibility Body composition Cardiovascular Endurance Cardiovascular endurance refers to the ability of your heart and lungs to work together to fuel your body with oxygen. Aerobic conditioning, like jogging, swimming and cycling, can help improve cardiovascular endurance. Muscle Strength Muscle strength refers to the amount of force a muscle can exert, in a single effort. Exercises like the bench press, leg press or bicep curl might be used to measure muscle strength. Muscle Endurance Muscle endurance refers to the ability of a muscle to perform a continuous effort without fatiguing. Cycling, step machines and sit up tests are often used to measure muscular endurance. Flexibility Flexibility refers to the ability of each joint to express its full range of motion. Flexibility can be tested by stretching individual muscles or by performing exercises such as the lunge or the sit and reach. Body Composition Body composition refers to the amount of body fat you have, versus the amount of lean muscles, bones and organs. There are several tests that can be used to measure body composition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Virginia Journal (TVJ) and Communica- Tor
    The Virginia Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Journal Recreation, and Dance FALL 2009 Vol. 30, No. 2 2009 SWVA VAHPERD Clinic held at Radford University. VAHPERD Members, It is my pleasure to serve as the editor of The Virginia Journal (TVJ) and Communica- tor. Enclosed you will find the Fall 2009 issue. I hope to continue the successful publications of TVJ and Communicator. However, the success of TVJ and the Communicator only go as far as the members and our submissions. I ask that you continue to submit the quality work you have in the past. Let the state, region and nation know the outstanding work we are doing in VAHPERD. So this is my continued call for manuscripts for the Spring 2010 issue of TVJ and news information for the Communicator. The TVJ and Communicator depend on the submissions from our exceptional professionals working in the field. So please continue to e-mail me your manuscripts and news by January 15, 2010 as a Word attachment for the two publications. Please follow the manuscript guidelines posted in each issue of TVJ. My contact information is below. Sincerely, Michael Moore, PhD, ATC Radford University VAHPERD Editor [email protected] 540-831-6218 About VAHPERD Mission Statement VAHPERD Priorities VAHPERD is a professional association of edu- Member Services cators that advocate quality programs in health, Communication physical education, recreation, dance and sport. Marketing and Promotion The association seeks to facilitate the professional Education growth and educational practices and
    [Show full text]
  • THURSDAY , MAY 3 0 , 2 0 19 D-08 Thematic Poster
    Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine Vol. 51 No. 5 Supplement S343 D-08 Thematic Poster - Female and Sex-Specific each sex, α=0.05. Pre-planned contrast comparisons determined sex differences at each time point, α=0.01. RESULTS: Soleus and gastrocnemius masses presented Physiology lower at 24h in female (-11.8%, -9%; p<0.05) and 48h in male (-16%, -13%; p<0.05) Thursday, May 30, 2019, 1:30 PM - 3:30 PM compared to control. In predominantly type I soleus, Pgc-1α4 mRNA content showed Room: CC-104B a decline from control across time in females, while spiking >9, >6-fold in males at 72h and 168h (p<0.05). In contrast, IGF-1 showed higher content in females at 72h and 168h (+77%, +27%; p<0.05) than males. In gastrocnemius, a more mixed fiber type, Pgc-1α4 content was 3-fold higher in females at 24h (p<0.05). Female IGF-1 1586 Chair: Saori Hanaki. Weber State University, Ogden, UT. content was significantly elevated compared to male at 72h (p<0.05). Deptor content in (No relevant relationships reported) gastrocnemius was >3-fold from baseline at 24h in females and >2-fold from baseline at 48h in males (p<0.05) depicting the only mRNA content change aligning with the observed time course for appearance of loss in muscle mass. CONCLUSION: 1587 Board #1 May 30 1:30 PM - 3:30 PM Anabolic regulator responses to atrophic stimuli differ across sex, muscle tissue and time course of muscle atrophy. These early findings could suggest Deptor as a novel Role Of Gender In Anti-oxidant Response To A Bout Of therapeutic target to ameliorate muscle wasting conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Motor-Cognitive Functions and Hemodynamic
    www. jhgd.com.br ORIGINAL ARTICLE Relationship between motor-cognitive functions and hemodynamic response of individuals with chronic stroke during and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise Samantha Helena do Carmoa, Laércio da Silva Paivab, Fernando Adamib, Francisco Naildo Cardoso Leitãoc, Cleide Maria de Paula Rebouçasd, Vitor Engracia Valentie, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundof Open acess Abstract a Departamento de Fisioterapia, Individuals post-stroke commonly presents Centro Universitário FMABC, Backgroung: Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; functional and cardiorespiratory deficits besides a physical inactivity lifestyle in the chronic phase of disease. Considering bLaboratório de Epidemiologia this, there is a hypothesis that hemodynamic responses could e Análise de Dados do Centro be affected by motor, cognitive and cardiorespiratory deficits Universitário FMABC, Santo during the aerobic exercise. In order to identify functional André, São Paulo, Brazil; conditions that can influence the aerobic performance of these individuals, correlations between functional variables and cLaboratório Multidisciplinar de hemodynamic responses during and after the aerobic exercise Estudos e Escrita Científica were studied. As a secondary purpose, the ability of return to em Ciências da Saúde da hemodynamic resting state were also analyzed. Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil; Methods: In this experimental study, after being evaluated about d their motor and cognitive function, balance and prognosis, forty Laboratório de Delineamento participants underwent a 30-minute aerobic exercise session de Estudos e Escrita Científica- LABDEEC da UNINORTE, Rio on a treadmill. Training heart rate, arterial blood pressure, Branco, Acre, Brasil. reboucas; oxygen pulse saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured before begin the exercise session, every five minutes eCentro de Estudos do during the exercise and five minutes after it.
    [Show full text]
  • Exercise Training in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development Vol. 40, No. 5, September/October 2003, Supplement 2 Pages 59–80 Exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Carolyn L. Rochester, MD Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Medical Director of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, West Haven Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, West Haven, CT Abstract—Exercise and activity limitation are characteristic manifestations of COPD. Persons with mild stages of the features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). disease may experience dyspnea during heavy exertion Exercise intolerance may result from ventilatory limitation, car- that is attributed to “slowing down with age.” Patients diovascular impairment, and/or skeletal muscle dysfunction. with moderate and severe COPD commonly have diffi- Exercise training, a core component of pulmonary rehabilitation, culty performing such normal daily tasks as work, recre- improves the exercise capacity (endurance and, to a lesser degree, maximal work capacity) of patients with COPD in spite ational exercise, hobbies, and self-care. Dyspnea, leg of the irreversible abnormalities in lung function. Dyspnea and fatigue, and discomfort are the principal symptoms that health-related quality of life also improve following pulmonary limit exercise [2], and patients typically limit their activi- rehabilitation. The clinical benefits of exercise rehabilitation last ties to avoid these uncomfortable sensations. The result- up to 2 years following 8 to 12 weeks of training. Existing evi- ant inactivity leads to progressive deconditioning that dence-based guidelines recommend that exercise training/pul- further increases the sense of respiratory effort related to monary rehabilitation be included routinely in the management of patients with moderate to severe COPD.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Education Curriculum
    AEROBIC CONDITIONING I - ESSENTIAL CURRICULUM NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical activity is critical to the development and maintenance of good health. The goal of physical education is to develop physically educated individuals who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity. A physically educated person: Standard 1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities. Standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities. Standard 3: Participates regularly in physical activity. Standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness. Standard 5: Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings. Standard 6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social interaction. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2004). Moving into the future: National standards for physical education (2nd ed.). Reston, VA: Author. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CONTENT STANDARDS Goal 1. The students will demonstrate the ability to use competency in various methods of aerobic conditioning and weight training, and proficiency in at least one method of aerobic conditioning. Objectives - The students will be able to: a. Define and understand the following principles of weight training: overload, progression, specificity, aerobic, and anaerobic. b. Describe and distinguish among circuit weight training, high intensity weight training, and multiset weight training. c. Demonstrate competency in aerobic dance, step aerobics, walk/jogging, and the ability to compute target heart rate. d. Demonstrate proficiency in at least one aerobic exercise method.
    [Show full text]
  • Exercise Training Favourably Affects Autonomic and Blood Pressure Responses During Mental and Physical Stressors in African-American Men
    Journal of Human Hypertension (2009) 23, 267–273 & 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9240/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Exercise training favourably affects autonomic and blood pressure responses during mental and physical stressors in African-American men V Bond1, MN Bartels2, RP Sloan3, RM Millis4, AS Zion5, N Andrews6 and RE De Meersman2,5 1Department of HHPLS, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 3Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; 5Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA and 6Department of Cardiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA Aerobic exercise is a powerful mechanism by which compared with a matched sedentary control group, cardiovascular and autonomic parameters may be im- aerobic capacity of the trained group significantly proved. We sought to quantify the extent of benefit that increased by 16%. Autonomic modulations, arterial com- could be achieved by a short-term monitored exercise pliance and BP responses significantly improved during regimen on several autonomic parameters during recog- some of the stressors, whereas no such improvements nized mental and physical stressors in young normoten- were seen in the control group. Attenuated responses, sive African-American men matched for a family history of mediated through a favourable shift in sympathovagal hypertension, a group at high risk for the development of balance and enhanced arterial compliance, provide hypertension. Autonomic modulations were derived mechanistic evidence of how certain variables may be using spectral decomposition of the electrocardiogram improved due to aerobic conditioning in a population at and beat-to-beat blood pressures (BPs).
    [Show full text]
  • Conditioning Exercises Newsday/J
    PART TWO CONDITIONING EXERCISES NEWSDAY/J . CONRAD WILLIAMS, JR . INTRODUCTION The physical conditioning routines included in ing, and type of prosthesis used . The prosthetist, this book offer possibilities for individuals with therapist, and exercise instructor can help identify lower limb amputation . We begin with calisthenics the best opportunities for exercise based on these and stretches to improve flexibility and range of variables. motion, followed by exercises to develop strength The exercises illustrated in this book are per- and muscular endurance in specific muscle groups formed by athletes who train on a regular basis . All for the arms, shoulders, legs, abdomen, chest, and are in excellent physical condition and demonstrate back. exercises that require a range of skill and practice. The conditioning exercises are performed with Beginners should not attempt to perform any of the equipment such as Nautilus, available in most health exercises without first consulting a physician. clubs . An individual with a lower limb amputation can usually work the same muscle groups on the same equipment as can a nondisabled person, but CAUTION not always in the same manner. Special adaptations or modifications that will People with back injury should avoid lifting help to make these exercises safe and effective are heavy weights in their exercise programs . To develop noted in the corresponding descriptions . In many strength and endurance, they should do more cases, the prosthesis alone provides the necessary repetitions with light weights rather than increasing support for the movements required. Exercises that the resistance. will help strengthen the muscles of the residual limb Any exercise has the potential to cause injury to are also indicated in the descriptions .
    [Show full text]
  • AHA HF SNF Handout
    AHA/HFSA Scientific Statement Heart Failure Management in Skilled Nursing Facilities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America Corrine Y. Jurgens, PhD, RN, FAHA, Chair; Sarah Goodlin, MD, Co-Chair; Mary Dolansky, PhD, RN, Co-Chair; Ali Ahmed, MD, MPH, FAHA; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, FAHA; Rebecca Boxer, MD; Ross Arena, PhD, PT, FAHA; Lenore Blank, NP; Harleah G. Buck, PhD, RN, CHPN; Kerry Cranmer, MD; Jerome L. Fleg, MD, FAHA; Rachel J. Lampert, MD; Terry A. Lennie, PhD, RN, FAHA; JoAnn Lindenfeld, MD, FAHA; Ileana L. Piña, MD, MPH, FAHA; Todd P. Semla, MS, PharmD, BCPS; Patricia Trebbien, MS, RD, LMNT; Michael W. Rich, MD, FAHA; on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and the Heart Failure Society of America eart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome in which struc- Transitions between hospitals and SNFs may be problematic.8 Htural or functional cardiac abnormalities impair the SNF 30-day rehospitalization rates for HF range from 27% to filling of ventricles or left ventricular ejection of blood. HF 43%,7,9,10 and long-term care residents sent to the emergency disproportionately occurs in those ≥65 years of age.1 Among department are at increased risk for hospital admission and the estimated 1.5 to 2 million residents in skilled nursing death.11 The purpose of this scientific statement is to provide facilities (SNFs) in the United States, cardiovascular dis- guidance for management of HF in SNFs to improve patient- ease is the largest diagnostic category, and HF is common.2,3 centered outcomes and reduce hospitalizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerobic Conditioning – Introdution to Fitness Handout
    AEROBIC CONDITIONING – INTRODUTION TO FITNESS HANDOUT Welcome to aerobic conditioning class! You have taken the important first step on the path to physical fitness by seeking information. The next step is to decide that you are going to be physically fit. This packet is designed to help you reach that decision and your goal. The decision to carry out a physical fitness program cannot be taken lightly. It requires a lifelong commitment of time and effort. Exercise must become one of those things that you do without question, like bathing and brushing your teeth. Unless you are convinced of the benefits of fitness and the risks of unfitness, you will not succeed. Patience is essential. Don't try to do too much too soon and don't quit before you have a chance to experience the rewards of improved fitness. You can't regain in a few days or weeks what you have lost in years of sedentary living, but you can get it back if you persevere. And the prize is worth the price. In the following pages you will find the basic information you need to begin and maintain a personal physical fitness program. These guidelines are intended for the average healthy adult. It tells you what your goals should be and how often, how long and how hard you must exercise to achieve them. It also includes information that will make your workouts easier, safer and more satisfying. The rest is up to you. CHECKING YOUR HEALTH If you're under 35 and in good health, you don't need to see a doctor before beginning an exercise program.
    [Show full text]
  • Physicians Packet
    What is p.r.e.p.® p.r.e.p.® is a 60-day physician referred exercise program that introduces patients to exercise. p.r.e.p.® participants meet with medical fitness professionals twice per week in small group settings and have full access to all of The Alaska Club’s amenities. The p.r.e.p.® team communicates with patients on a regular basis via email, phone, and in-person contact to monitor attendance, progress, and well-being throughout the program. The p.r.e.p.® team is a resource for exercise instruction, education, and support. The most important aspect of p.r.e.p.® is that it takes down all barriers to exercise and welcomes patients in a non-intimidating, comforting environment. p.r.e.p.® can be divided into three key phases: intake, implementation and reassessment. Intake The first appointment p.r.e.p.® participants have is the intake. During the intake, the nurse reviews medical history, health condition(s), lifestyle, and physician recommendations. The nurse also evaluates biometrics: BMI, weight, and blood pressure. Together the patient and the nurse set specific goals to achieve during the program and develop a physical activity plan based on those goals. Implementation After the p.r.e.p.® team develops an exercise program specific to the participant’s needs, abilities, and goals, they devise an expected schedule of physical activity. Schedules include p.r.e.p.® sessions, which are small group trainings consisting of 4-6 people; group exercise classes; and independent exercise. Throughout the 60 days in the program, the p.r.e.p.® team serves as a resource for exercise instruction, education, and accountability in a supportive, social environment.
    [Show full text]