ESRC Research Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion
ASE CENTRE FOR ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION An ESRC Research Centre
annual report 2006 CASEreport 37 Staff and Associates 2006
Director Dr Christian Schluter (Southampton) Administrator Professor John Hills Dr Wendy Sigle-Rushton Ms Jane Dickson Professor Holly Sutherland (Essex) Deputy Director Dr Rebecca Tunstall Administrative and IT Support Professor Anne Power Dr Polly Vizard Ms Naomi Achie-Anku (until Sept 2006) Professor Jane Waldfogel (Columbia) Ms Nicola Serle Co-Directors Dr Asghar Zaidi (European Centre for Mr Joe Joannes Professor Emeritus Howard Glennerster Social Welfare Policy and Research) Ms Laura Lane Professor Kathleen Kiernan Mr Yusuf Osman (until Sept 2006) Professor Julian Le Grand Visitors Ms Anna Tamas (from Sept 2006) Professor Carol Propper Keith Jacobs (University of Tasmania) Mr Nic Warner John Goering (City University of New Research Staff York) Advisory Committee Dr Francesca Borgonovi Lane Kenworthy (University of Arizona) Ms Sue Duncan, Cabinet Office (Chair) Dr Tania Burchardt Nathan Fosse (Harvard University) Professor Daniel Dorling, Sheffield Ms Alice Coulter (until Sept 2006) Mattia Makovec (European Centre, University Dr Rosey Davidson (until Oct 2006) Vienna) Mr Norman Glass, National Centre for Dr Carmen Huerta Steve Morris (Department for Work and Social Research Dr Eleni Karagiannaki Pensions) Professor Janet Finch, Keele University Dr Abigail McKnight Petra Nahmias (Princeton University) Professor Stephen Jenkins, Essex University Dr Caroline Paskell (until Nov 2006) Lucinda Platt (University of Essex) Mr Joe Montgomery, Office of the Deputy Dr Jörg Plöger (from Feb 2006) Matthias Till (University of Vienna) Prime Minister (until February 2006) Ms Elizabeth Richardson (until July 2006) Mr Nicholas Timmins, Financial Times Dr John Rigg (until September 2006) Research Students Mr Adrian Towse, Office of Health Mr Tom Sefton Ms Francesca Bastagli Economics Dr Kitty Stewart Ms Sheere Brooks Ms Moira Wallace, Home Office Dr Helen Willmot (until Oct 2006) Ms Mingzhu Dong Ms Sally Witcher, Edinburgh University Ms Astrid Winkler (from Jan 2006) Mr Aaron Grech (from Sept 2006) Professor Sarah Worthington, London Mr Bryan Jones (from Sept 2006) School of Economics and Political Science Associates Ms Geraldine Mitchell-Smith Dr Arnstein Aassve (Essex) Ms Julia Morgan Professor Simon Burgess (Bristol) Mr Hyun-Bang Shin Professor Robert Cassen Ms Emily Silverman (until Nov 2006) Professor Frank Cowell Ms Sarah Thomas de Benitez Dr Martin Evans (Oxford) Ms Catalina Turcu Professor Paul Gregg (Bristol) Ms Yuka Uzuki (from Sept 2006) Professor John Hobcraft (York) Professor Jane Falkingham Research assistants (Southampton) Ms Sarah Bullman (Jan-Apr 2006) Dr Orsolya Lelkes (European Centre for Mr Adam Kaasa (Jan-Aug 2006) Social Welfare Policy and Research) Ms Seema de Silva (Jan-Aug 2006) Dr Bingqin Li Mr Ben Baumberg (from May 2006) Dr Ruth Lupton (Institute of Education) Ms Catalina Turcu (from June 2006) Professor John Micklewright Ms Tiffany Tsang (July-Nov 2006) (Southampton) Ms Katharina Janke (from Oct 2006) Professor David Piachaud Ms Florencia Lopez-Boo (March-Dec 2006) Contents
CASE – An Introduction 2
Review of the Year, 2006 3
Generational and Life Course Dynamics: 8 Pathways into and out of Social Exclusion Non-resident Fatherhood and Child Involvement 9
Poverty, Local Services and Outcomes 10 Work and Family Life 11
Low Income Areas, the CASE Neighbourhood Study and Social Networks 12 Jigsaw Cities 13
Employment, Welfare, Education and Exclusion 14 Short-term Income Volatility for Low-income Families 15
Policies, Concepts and Measurement of Social Exclusion 16 A Framework for Measuring Equality 17
Appendix 1 – Current Research and Research Staff 18
Appendix 2 – List of Publications 2006 20
Appendix 3 – Key Performance Indicators 26
How to Find Us 28
CASE – An Introduction
The ESRC Research Centre for the STICERD, including funding of its Toyota This report presents some of the main Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE) Research Fellow. It currently houses nine findings from our research in each area is based at the London School of postgraduate students working on topics during 2006: most of our ninth and part Economics and Political Science related to its core areas of interest. of our tenth year. It also details the other (LSE), within the Suntory and Toyota activities of the Centre. More detail can International Centres for Economics and This breadth of experience and research be found in the publications listed in Related Disciplines (STICERD). It was interests enables CASE to bring a wide Appendix 2, which include CASE’s own established in 1997 with core funding range of approaches and methodologies discussion paper series (CASE papers), from the Economic and Social Research to the study of social exclusion. Our research and conference reports (CASE Council, and its funding now runs until work is linked by two themes: what reports) and summaries of findings (CASE the end of 2007. The Centre is also experiences and processes generate briefs), all of which are disseminated free financially supported by the LSE and by social exclusion or promote resilience, in printed form or via the web. a wide range of other organisations, and what is the impact of policy and including the Joseph Rowntree policy change? Our specific research is For more information about the Foundation, the Nuffield Foundation, divided into eight main areas: Centre and its work, including the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, texts of our publications, please the Sutton Trust, the British Academy, 1 Generational and life course dynamics. visit our website: http://sticerd. the Department of Communities and lse.ac.uk/case/ Local Governments, HM Revenue and 2 Poverty, local services and outcomes. Customs, the Department for Trade and Industry, the Department for Work and 3 The dynamics of low income areas. Pensions and the Scottish Executive. 4 The CASE neighbourhood study, a CASE is a multi-disciplinary research longitudinal study of family life in low centre. It employs researchers income neighbourhoods. recruited specifically for its ESRC- funded work programme, and also 5 Education and social exclusion. includes the research and consultancy group LSE Housing. Several staff 6 Social networks and social capital. divide their time between CASE and 7 Employment, welfare and exclusion. the Leverhulme Centre for Market and Public Organisation at Bristol 8 Policies, concepts and measurement of University. The Centre is affiliated to social exclusion. the LSE Department for Social Policy, and also benefits from support from
Review of the Year, 2006
The Year at a Glance • Papers flowed from our analysis of CASE with the Brookings Institution This report covers CASE’s activities during large longitudinal datasets, including as part of the ‘Weak Market Cities’ the calendar year 2006 (with financial the Millennium Cohort Study, the programme which started during and related information for the 2005-06 British Household Panel Study and the year. They also included a special academic year). This is the ninth year the Avon Longitudinal Study of conference in October 2006 at of the Centre’s core funding from the Parents and Children. We published which papers in honour of CASE’s Council, which will end in December our study tracking working families’ Co-Director, Professor Howard 2007. The Centre is currently exploring incomes week-by-week across the Glennerster, were presented, to be alternative ways of continuing its research year, revealing surprising amounts published in 2007 in a book, Making programme after December 2007, has of variability. We completed visits Social Policy Work. already secured several grants for the and interviews for our two area- The ESRC provided just over half of the period from 2008, and is awaiting the related studies, of the 12 low-income • Centre’s total funding of £1.14 million results of other applications. neighbourhoods and of families in the academic year 2005-06, with living within four of them. One book host institution support providing 15 • The year saw publication of Polly resulting from these studies is now in per cent of the total and co-funding Vizard’s book, Poverty and Human press and two more are in preparation. Rights: Sen’s capability framework from other bodies 28 per cent. New explored, and the book which CASE • CASE members were invited to carry grants of £196,000 were secured associate Jane Waldfogel wrote out two major reviews for government during the year. while at CASE, What Children Need, – one by Tania Burchardt and Polly Overall research staff inputs were launched at CASE in June by the Vizard on a framework for analysing • 14.4 FTEs. Just under two-fifths (5.4 Minister for Children. equalities for the Equalities Review, FTEs) were ESRC-funded. Associated and one by John Hills on the aims academic staff contributed 3.2 FTEs, • Other major publications in the of social housing for the Secretary and support staff 4.2 FTEs. year included Rebecca Tunstall and of State for Communities and Local Alice Coulter’s report for the Joseph Government. Both have been very well CASE’s research programme Rowntree Foundation, 25 Years on received and their recommendations The seven specific issues on which Twenty Estates, reporting on the latest are being taken further. position of originally unpopular estates our research programme agreed with ESRC for the five years 2002 to 2007 is that CASE members have studied since • We continued to disseminate our focused are: 1980, and launched by the Secretary of work widely through seminars and State for Communities in November. conferences, in policy forums, and What are the impacts of childhood through the media. CASE members • circumstances on later life? • The Centre’s overall number of made 103 conference and seminar publications was slightly higher than in presentations during the year, many How do family structures and parenting the previous year. In total, the Centre of them overseas. Media coverage • contribute to these processes? published 77 pieces of output during included at least 27 press articles the year, including nine books or and at least 36 radio and television How does education affect patterns of reports, ten chapters in other books, interviews related to the Centre’s • advantage and disadvantage? and 17 refereed journal articles. work. Events organised by the centre during the year included the first two How does the area where people meetings of the international ‘city • live affect their life chances and reformers group’, organised by opportunities?
• What is the role of social networks Another highlight was a special event Alice Coulter and Hartley Dean and social capital? held in October 2007 to celebrate the completed their research on attitudes 70th birthday of CASE Co-Director, and experience to ‘work-life balance’ in • How do processes of inclusion and Howard Glennerster, at which a series a low-income neighbourhood (see CASE exclusion operate in the labour market? of papers were presented and discussed paper 114). by members of CASE and others • How do these processes in the UK associated with his work. The papers The total number of articles, chapters, compare with other countries? cover a wide range of contemporary books and reports published during the issues and reforms in social policy, as well year increased on the previous year (see The sections which form the main as discussion of the historical roots of Appendix 3), and we continue to have a body of this report discuss the progress today’s policies – the breadth of coverage healthy stream of output in the pipeline on these issues, together with results reflecting that of Howard Glennerster’s with, for instance, seven further refereed from some of the studies. In addition, own continuing research. The book journal articles and five books and reports two overarching themes link different resulting from the event will be published forthcoming at the end of the year. We parts of the research programme: what by The Policy Press in October 2007. also published 12 of our own discussion experiences and processes generate papers, many of which will later become social exclusion or promote resilience, We also held two workshops during the published in journals in revised form. and what is the impact of policy and year on the second of the over-arching policy change? themes of our research, issues of risk and New and continuing research resilience. These have led to a planned We have now completed four of the five Our work combines basic research with special themed section of the journal, years of our current core funding from a strong emphasis on its implications for Social Policy and Society, focusing on the ESRC, and have made good progress policy formulation, together with analysis different aspects of ‘resilience’, to be with the major projects this involves, all of relevant parts of social policy and of completed by the end of 2007. of which are described in more detail changes to them. in the sections that follow. Appendix 1 Research published in the year included describes the research underway within Completed research John Hills, Abigail McKnight and Rachel CASE in 2007. The year saw the publication of nine Smithies’ work on short-term income books or reports resulting from the variation amongst low-income working In our analysis of large longitudinal centre’s research. These included Polly families, using data from a special study datasets, Carol Propper, John Rigg and Vizard’s book, Poverty and Human carried out jointly with the National Simon Burgess’s research using the Rights: Sen’s capability framework Centre for Social Research (NatCen), Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents explored, and the book which CASE (see box on p.15). Continuing our long- and Children (ALSPAC) resulted in associate Jane Waldfogel wrote while at term association with the British Social outputs including findings on socio- CASE, What Children Need, launched Attitudes Survey, also run by NatCen, economic inequalities in childhood at CASE in June by the Minister for John Rigg also analysed data from the respiratory health (CASEpaper 109) Children, Rt Hon Beverley Hughes, MP. 2005 survey, on attitudes to disability, and more generally on the impact of Other major publications in the year published early in 2007. income and maternal natal health on included Rebecca Tunstall and Alice childhood health (forthcoming in Health Coulter’s report for the Joseph Rowntree John Rigg and Tom Sefton’s analysis of Economics). New work now underway Foundation, 25 Years on Twenty Estates, patterns of income dynamics over ten includes analysis of relationships reporting on the latest position of years of people’s lives using the British between common pollutants and originally unpopular estates that CASE Household Panel Study was published mortality rates. members have studied since 1980, and in the Journal of Social Policy. Kathleen launched by the Secretary of State for Kiernan and Kate Pickett’s research Communities, Rt Hon Ruth Kelly, MP, on non-residential fatherhood and in November. Anne Power and John involvement was also published in the Houghton’s book, Jigsaw Cities, was Journal of Social Policy (see box on completed, for publication by The Policy p.9), while Eleni Karagiannaki’s work Press in March 2007 (see box on p.13). on Jobcentre Plus is forthcoming in the same journal.
John Hobcraft, Carmen Huerta, Kath project funded by the Gatsby Charitable monitoring and tackling inequalities across Kiernan and Wendy Sigle-Rushton’s analysis Foundation looking at the two-way the range of dimensions to be covered by of the 1958 and 1970 birth cohort studies links between mental health and the new Commission for Equalities and (National Child Development Study, the social exclusion. Human Rights (see box on p.17). 1970 Birth Cohort Study) and the new Millennium Cohort Study continues. This Major projects started during the Other dissemination activities again includes comparison of changing links year included the Weak Market Cities included more than 100 presentations at between childhood disadvantage and later project, funded by the Joseph Rowntree conferences and seminars in Britain and outcomes in the 1958 and 1970 cohorts, Foundation, and in collaboration with in other countries including Australia, and of the links between factors such the Brookings Institution, and Eleni Austria, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Italy, the as family income, family structure and Karagiannaki and Tania Burchardt’s new Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Norway, maternal and children’s early cognitive and ESRC-funded project on ‘Health, wealth Spain, and the USA. We organised 19 of emotional development from the MCS. and consumption among the elderly our own seminars and other events, with in Britain and the US’ (more details are attendances ranging as in previous years We completed the fieldwork for our 12 given in the sections that follow). from 30-40 for seminars to more than areas and 200 families studies (the latter 100 for special events and lectures. Our supported by the Nuffield Foundation as Dissemination and website continues to enable wide access well as ESRC), with final rounds of visits external links to the Centre’s output, with more than to the areas and interviews with families Members of CASE also continued to 10,000 downloads being made of our completed by Rosey Davidson, Caroline be actively involved with a variety of most popular papers. Paskell and Helen Willmot during the non-academic research users. John year. Anne Power’s book, City Survivors, Hills’ work as a member of the Pensions International links based on the interviews with the 200 Commission was completed when its final Our international research links families, will be published in 2007, while report was published in April 2006. The continued to be strong. As discussed further books from both studies will be Commission’s recommendations for far- above, our collaboration with the completed during the current year. Rosey reaching reforms were largely accepted in Brookings Institution in Washington, Davidson was commissioned by Sport two government White Papers in 2006, DC continued through the joint England to carry out additional analysis and a Bill is currently passing through ‘Weak Market Cities’ programme, of the families in East London, while Parliament. At the end of the year, John bringing together lessons from what Helen Willmot was asked to prepare Hills became a Non-Executive Director of has been happening in seven cities a report on social capital in urban the Department for Work and Pensions’ in the USA and seven in Europe. An neighbourhoods using the 200 families Pensions Client Board. Anne Power important innovation during the study, complementing research on rural continues as a member of the Sustainable year was establishment of the City areas for Defra. Development Commission (with the SDC’s Reformers Group at the outset of the report on the energy efficiency of the programme. This involves practitioners, Other continuing research includes: existing housing stock launched in CASE policy-makers and city leaders, with Kitty Stewart’s work funded by the in July 2006). its first meetings held at LSE in March Nuffield Foundation on the later labour and September 2006. The group, market position and other outcomes for New forms of engagement during including representatives from the mothers who follow different patterns the year included: Julian Le Grand’s seven cities that are part of our research of employment while they have young chairmanship of the Social Care Practices programme, EU representatives, British children; research on low achievers in Working Group for the Department of government officials and leading US school education, led by Robert Cassen Education and Skills (the report of which urban practitioners, discusses how the and funded by the Joseph Rowntree will be published in June 2007); John process of revitalising cities is working on Foundation (to be published in June Hills’s appointment by the Secretary the ground. The shared learning leads 2007); joint work by Tom Sefton with of State for Communities and Local to much fuller, more detailed and direct Southampton University, funded by the Government to carry out a review of evidence from the cities, transatlantic Nuffield Foundation, comparing the the role of social housing in England in exchange and more in-depth knowledge ways in which the incomes of elderly the 21st century (published by CASE of urban change. people develop over time in Sweden, in February 2007); and Tania Burchardt the UK, Germany and the USA; and and Polly Vizard’s work for the Equalities Tania Burchardt and Bingqin Li’s work Review on operationalising of Amartya with LSE Health and Social Care on a Sen’s capabilities framework for use in
CASE and the LSE’s Centre for Economic Arrivals and departures Hyun-Bang Shin and Emily Silverman Performance continue to be the UK The year saw several changes in CASE’s successfully completed their PhDs partners in the European Network on research staff. Rosey Davidson and during the year. Hyun has subsequently Inequality with Harvard and Princeton Helen Willmot completed their work been appointed as a WREAC Post- Universities. John Hobcraft and Kathleen on the 200 families study. Rosey is now doctoral Fellow in China Studies at Kiernan and visited made presentations working for University College London the Department of East Asian Studies at Princeton University. Doctoral Department of Psychology, analysing and the White Rose East Asia Centre students Nathan Fosse from Harvard the decision-making process of the at Leeds University, while Emily is now and Petra Nahmias from Princeton spent National Centre for Clinical Excellence at Technion, the Israel Institute of time at CASE as part of the network. focus groups, and Helen has continued Technology. We were very pleased to Petra subsequently described CASE as to be involved with CASE through welcome Aaron Grech, Bryan Jones, and ‘exciting, with many Stata problems her work for Defra on social capital in Yuka Uzuki as new PhD students within troubleshooted over tea in the light and urban areas. Caroline Paskell completed the centre during the year. airy kitchen… This informal networking, her work on the 12 areas study. She and the invaluable input from the many has been working on a project for the Naomi Achie-Anku and Yusuf Osman CASE researchers, benefited my work London Borough of Camden, conducting left in September 2006, having provided greatly and led to an enjoyable and research into inter-generational tensions invaluable administrative and secretarial stimulating intellectual environment.’ within the Somali community and the support in their time with CASE. Anna relation these may have to problematic Tamas joined the centre. CASE also hosted John Goering youth behaviour. Liz Richardson took from the City University of New up a research fellowship at Manchester Plans for the future York, who presented findings from University in July 2006. Her book Do-It- At the start of 2006 CASE was told that his latest analysis of the US ‘Moving Yourself Community Action is now with we were one of four teams invited by to Opportunity’ programme, and publishers, reporting findings based ESRC to give further information on our Lane Kenworthy from the University on work by CASE and the National research plans at the end of the 2005 of Arizona, who visited CASE as an Communities Resource Centre at research centres competition, under SSRC/ESRC Visiting Professor. Other Trafford Hall, Chester under the ‘Gatsby which we suggested activities for a new international visitors we were delighted Programme’. John Rigg completed five year programme. In the event, the to welcome during the year included his work analysing ALSPAC and other Council decided to award funding to Keith Jacobs from the University of data (including the 2005 British Social two new research centres, rather than Tasmania, Mattia Makovec from the Attitudes survey) and is now working in to extend its core funding of CASE European Centre for Social Welfare Policy ethical investment. beyond the normal ten years. Following and Research, Vienna, and Matthias Till this decision, members of the centre from the University of Vienna. Meanwhile, Astrid Winkler became a have been involved in a number of Research Officer in January 2006, and initiatives that will ensure that the centre John Hills and Tom Sefton were partners Jörg Plöger joined the centre in February, will continue a substantial research in a bid for a module on ‘Welfare both working on the Weak Market Cities programme in 2008 and following years. Attitudes in a Changing Europe’ within project, funded by the Joseph Rowntree the 2008 European Social Survey, with Foundation. Katharina Janke joined partners from Denmark, the Netherlands, CASE in October 2006. She is based Norway, Sweden, and the UK. We in Bristol University, working on the subsequently heard that the bid had ‘Poverty, Local Services and Outcomes’ been successful, and are now involved strand of CASE’s research. with our partners in designing the module’s questionnaire.
As well as continuing projects supported by the Nuffield and Joseph Rowntree Foundations and the ESRC, the Suntory and Toyota Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines have agreed support for an initial period of three years for the core of CASE’s activities from 2007-08, while the LSE has agreed to underwrite key posts within CASE for five years. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has agreed funding for a new assessment in 2008 of the impact of policies towards poverty, inequality, and social exclusion since 1997. The Nuffield Foundation has agreed funding for a major new research programme on trends, drivers and policy implications of Britain’s changing wealth distribution to start in 2008. We are awaiting the results of a number of further funding applications, and will be submitting others during the course of the year.
We are also involved in discussions with funders that could lead to support for a major new programme of research within the centre’s core areas of interests in patterns of advantage and disadvantage, such as differences in childhood circumstances, international migration, mental health, differences between neighbourhoods, and differences in people’s abilities to exercise choice in their use of public and private services. If such a programme were established, we would be in a position to use the networks we have built up of people working on parallel issues in other countries and equivalent data for them to set trends and patterns in the UK in the context of developments elsewhere.
In the meantime, as is evident from the reports below, we are moving towards successful completion of our current research programme with ESRC (completion of which has been agreed for the end of 2007), and will continue to make substantial contributions to research in our areas, and to the public policy debates to which they relate.
John Hills Director, CASE May 2007
Generational and Lifelife course Course dynamics: Dynamics: Pathways into andpathways out of intoSocial and Exclusion out of social exclusion
Contact: Carmen Huerta, Kathleen Kiernan, John Hobcraft, Wendy Sigle-Rushton
Our research on generational characteristics are linked to early John Hobcraft also explored how British and life course dynamics has motherhood. In contrast, childhood work on social exclusion might inform continued to make extensive use behavioural attributes have a greater work on chronic poverty in the developing of the British birth cohort studies effect on young motherhood parenthood world. He also continues to develop his to examine a range of issues. at older ages, particularly during ideas about the need to and means of John Hobcraft has continued his adolescence. Carmen Huerta has also integrating genetics and neuroscience work (with Wendy Sigle-Rushton examined young fatherhood and found into the study of human behaviour. and Carmen Huerta) bringing that the findings for young fatherhood together research on the 1958 and mirror those for young motherhood. Wendy Sigle-Rushton also co-authored 1970 British birth cohort studies. two reports for the Equal Opportunities Kathleen Kiernan and Carmen Commission (EOC) with Diane Perrons. A wide range of comparisons have Huerta have commenced a project These form part of the investigation been made which rigorously pose the which is examining the extent to which by the EOC into transforming work, question as to whether the two cohorts parenting behaviour and activities which is designed to ascertain how show differential response to childhood play a mediating or moderating role work organisation and routeways into disadvantage and further examine between parental resources (including work can be transformed to improve the extent to which such response to socio-economic resources, mental well- productivity for businesses and the childhood disadvantage differ by gender. being, social support) and children’s economy and to deliver better lifelong For the vast majority of childhood cognitive development and emotional choices for women and men. antecedents there is no evidence of development. Our analysis uses data such differential responses by cohort of the Millennium Cohort Study and or gender. He is currently working to SEM modelling is being used to assess bring together these important results the strength of the direct and indirect in a summary form. John Hobcraft and pathways from parental attributes via Wendy Sigle-Rushton are extending parenting to a child’s cognitive and their work on recursive trees to examine emotional development. resiliency factors involved in the childhood pathways to adult mental health. During the summer CASE visitor Petra Nahmias (from Princeton Carmen Huerta and Wendy Sigle- University) Kathleen Kiernan and Rushton have been examining the timing Sara McLanahan (Princeton) worked and the pathways associated with early together on a comparative analysis of motherhood, one of the channels through Unmarried Parents in the US and the which social exclusion is transmitted over UK using data from Millennium Cohort time. Using data from the 1970 British Study and the US Fragile Families Study. Cohort Study, they have assessed the In this study we examined commonalities mechanisms through which childhood and differences in maternal smoking, antecedents influence the likelihood of post partum depression and becoming a young mother, and have breastfeeding. Kathleen Kiernan also investigated the extent to which links are commenced a comparative project on stronger or weaker at different points in unmarried parenthood with Michaela time – early childhood, pre-adolescent, Kreyenfield of the Max Planck Institute, or adolescent years. The results of this Rostock. This study used comparable research suggest that, regardless of when data from the MCS and the Child they are measured during childhood, Supplement of the German Panel Study. educational test scores and socio-economic
Non-resident Fatherhood and Child Involvement
Kathleen Kiernan
15 per cent of British babies are and their child we enquired whether in their child’s life (see table). There were now born to parents who are they differed in the extent of their also ethnic differences in the extent to neither cohabiting nor married. engagement in family life compared which fathers were involved in their with fathers who have been living with children’s lives. Little is known about non-residential the mother since birth, and found little fatherhood that commences with the differences. Finally, for fathers who were K. Kiernan (2006) ‘Non-residential fatherhood and child involvement: Evidence from the birth of a child but the advent of data living apart from their child when the Millennium Cohort Study’, Journal of Social collected in the Millennium Cohort child was nine months old we assessed Policy, 35(4): 651-669. Study allowed us to examine a number the extent to which they were in contact, of aspects of this form of fatherhood. contributed to their maintenance and Firstly, we considered the extent to were involved in their child’s life at this which these fathers were involved with time. Presence at the birth and being the or acknowledged their child at the time formally recorded father were important of the birth. Secondly, we identified independent predictors of whether characteristics that differentiate parents the father subsequently moved in with who continue to live apart from those the mother, and for those fathers who who moved in together. Thirdly, for the continued to live apart the extent to fathers who moved in with the mother which they were in contact and involved
Non-resident fathers’ contact and involvement at nine months according to their involvement at birth amongst fathers who were non-resident at the time of the birth
Father % In contact % Pays % Sees child % Interested % Parents involvement maintenance at least in the child on friendly at birth weekly terms
Father neither at 30 10 55 45 61 the birth nor on the birth certificate
On birth 66 33 70 58 67 certificate only
At the birth only 72 30 82 64 75
At the birth and on 88 50 90 76 86 the birth certificate
Total Percentage 60 29 77 64 75
Numbers in 2,679 2,673 1,571* 1,569* 1,569* sample
* Question asked only if the father was in contact. All the percentages are weighted.
Poverty, localLocal services Services and and outcomes Outcomes
Contact: Simon Burgess, Katharina Janke, Carol Propper
Carol Propper and John Rigg Carol Propper, Paul Gregg and Liz Carol Propper and Katharina Janke continued to exploit the Washbrook are building on the work on have started to examine whether ALSPAC data set, looking at child health and behaviours undertaken airborne pollution at small area level is the relationship between family at CASE and putting this together with associated with child mortality in the socio-economic status and work on child cognitive development, first year of life. There is evidence that behaviour in mid childhood undertaken by Paul Gregg and Liz this is the case in the USA, even at the (ages 7-9). Washbrook, to examine in a common relatively low levels that are allowed in framework, the relationship between California. These levels are similar to Their aim is to find whether there are parental income and child health, those for the UK, but this issue has not socio-economic disparities between behaviour and cognitive outcomes at been systematically examined before for children in terms of behaviour at these ages 7-9. They are using path analysis the UK. They are currently matching data ages and whether these inequalities are to examine the income gradient and on emissions of four common pollutants associated with the characteristics of examine the extent to which this for the period 1996-2005 to local the child’s early home environment and gradient works through parenting authorities to examine this relationship: parental behaviour. The characteristics behaviour in the home, allowing also the plan is to extend this work to include maternal health, smoking, for the broader environment in which individual data at postcode level (using material quality of the home, parental the child lives (characteristics of the local either ONS data or ALSPAC data). conflict and a measure of deprivation neighbourhood and local schools). Whilst in the local area. They find significant path analysis is relatively common in social inequalities in several dimensions studies of child development, few studies of children’s behaviour, which echoes look at behavioural, cognitive and health findings from the 1958 and 1970s British outcomes together, despite increasing cohorts. However, whilst most of the literature pointing out the importance home environment factors that they of inter-relationships between health, study are socially graded, and therefore behaviour and cognitive outcomes. Their could account for the gradient observed common framework allows us to explore in behaviours, they find that none of the communalities and differences in the them singly explain much of the socio- relationship with income of parenting economic gradient. However, when behaviour across these three outcomes. analysed together, differences in the home environment can explain up to half the gradient in behaviours.
10 Work and Family Life
Carol Propper
In a recent paper, published We estimate this model using the British Aassve, A, Burgess, S, Propper, C and in the Journal of the Royal Household Panel Study. This allows us Dickson, M ‘Employment, Family Union and Childbearing decisions in Great Britain’ Journal to study the choices of individuals as far Statistical Society, CASE of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 169, 4, researchers Arne Aassve, Simon back as the 1940s, so we can look at Oct 2006, pp 781-804. Burgess, Carol Propper, with Matt cohorts born in the four decades from Dickson, investigate the lifecycle the 1940s to 1970s. We find: relationships between work and family life in Britain. • Strong evidence of cohort change: women and men who are born more We focus on five different events recently move later into the labour – giving birth, forming a union (a market and have children later. cohabitation or a marriage), dissolution of a union, movement into employment • Transitions in and out of employment and movement into non-employment for men are relatively independent (which includes non participation in the of other transitions. In other words, labour market as well as unemployment). the labour market decisions of men These processes are complex and inter- appear to be relatively unrelated to related. For example, there may be a link their family lives, even for men from between events – a divorce may trigger the youngest cohort. a movement into employment, the birth of a child may trigger a move into non- • In contrast, there are strong links participation. In addition, unobserved between female employment, having tastes for work and family life will affect children and union formation for all these outcomes; for example, people all cohorts. who value family life may form unions earlier and dissolve them less, people These models are complex and often with a taste for children may invest hard to evaluate. We undertake detailed less in the labour market. To allow for micro-simulations analysis to do this. the complexity of these processes, we We show that female labour force estimate a five hazard model, which participation does not necessarily lead to allows both for the impact of observed large changes in fertility events. On the earlier events – such as the birth of a other hand, changes in union formation child – and unobserved heterogeneity and fertility events have larger effects on (differences in taste) – on later outcomes. employment. This suggests that family friendly policies will have an impact on female labour force participation, but may have relatively little impact on the size of families.
11 Low Income Areas, the CASE Neighbourhood Study andThe dynamicsSocial Networks of low income areas
Contact: Jörg Plöger, Anne Power, Liz Richardson, Astrid Winkler
In 2006, Caroline Paskell completed Weak Market Cities Programme: in some areas, but many remaining the fourth and final round of visits Funded by the Joseph Rowntree barriers to family survival in low income to the 12 disadvantaged areas we Foundation, Communities and Local neighbourhoods. have been tracking since 1998. Government and the Academy for We also completed an analysis of Sustainable Communities, CASE appointed We have also completed and submitted to the 2001 Census and other official two researchers (Astrid Winkler and publishers City Survivors, a full-length book data showing changes in tenure, Jörg Plöger) to investigate why former tracing the life experiences of 24 families, work status, crime, health and industrial cities went through major six from each area over the first seven years other measures of inequality, economic shocks; what responses they of the study – how do they manage in improvement or deterioration. have made; and what if any impacts they such difficult conditions and how do they have had. This is a joint programme with think their children fare? What would most Based on these two main sources, the Brookings Institution in Washington help them as families? The book, written alongside area reports, evaluations and DC, USA, covering seven European and by Anne Power, adopts an ethnographic local newspapers, we are in the process comparable American cities that fit the approach, unlike East Enders (2003) and of drafting a full write-up in book form definition of weak market cities, namely the new draft book on Families and Social of our overall findings, summing up major industrial job losses and matching Exclusion, North and South. Anne Power the changes over eight years of close population decline, serious observable and John Houghton’s book, Jigsaw Cities examination of area conditions. Overall, decline in the ‘market position’ of these was completed for publication in February areas closer to city centres, with more cities (for housing, inward investment, 2007 (see box). mixed populations and built forms are levels of higher education etc), and recovering more strongly and areas measurable attempts at recovery. We In addition Rosey Davidson has prepared a report for Sport England on the impact of furthest away from recovering cities have produced detailed reports on each the Olympics on families in the two London are struggling the most to find a new city – Bilbao, St Etienne, Torino, Leipzig, areas; and Helen Willmot has prepared rationale. The draft will be complete by Bremen, Sheffield, Belfast – which provide invaluable case studies of the European a report on social capital among low December 2007. experience of city decline and recovery. income families in the two communities in the North. This draws on evidence from Caroline Paskell has also drafted a All the cities are in the process of slow the 100 Northern families. It is part of a contribution to a book on communities and recovery although some are finding it more Defra funded research programme on crime control based on the twelve areas difficult than others to develop new roles communities and social capital. It bears out and an article for the Journal of European and attract new investment. We plan a the findings in the Gatsby programme Regional Studies on the role of lower level full overview report/book on the European (see below) from a family perspective. policing in backing up more formal policing experience of urban-industrial decline and in low income high crime communities. recovery by Spring 2008. Meanwhile, Liz Richardson has completed her book on the seven year Gatsby-funded Twenty Five Years on 20 estates: In 2006, Helen Willmot (funded by training and grant programme, based at We have been tracking since 1980 20 the Nuffield Foundation) and Rosey Trafford Hall, which LSE Housing evaluated of the most disadvantaged and difficult Davidson completed the seventh round over that period. The project assesses to manage estates on the country. In of interviews for the ‘Neighbourhood’ the impact of ‘hand holding’ low income 2006, Becky Tunstall and Alice Coulter Study, tracking 200 families in four high community groups through the process published the findings from the fourth poverty areas within the broader areas of developing skills through training to round of visits to these 20 estates, funded study. We have a full draft of the final take action on problems and then deliver by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. book of this project, assessing how far the planned follow within the community. The Their report showed that over the long families have benefited from Government significance of small scale multiple actions haul, most of these estates had improved attempts since 1997 to move families out and the ability of residents to organise through a combination of resident of poverty, and ensure that ‘no family is and deliver are two of the most important involvement, local management and repair, seriously disadvantaged by where they findings. The biggest effect is possibly on and major reinvestment and remodelling, live’. We assess the main elements of social the way people relate to others within their making them now more average places exclusion, delineated in the neighbourhood community as a result of finding common and generally more popular. The report renewal strategy, including work, cause in tackling real problems. The has received very wide coverage and educational achievement, crime reduction, existence and worth of social capital is one recognition by policy makers, journalists housing improvements etc; we find a very of the strongest emerging themes. and practitioners. mixed picture, based on what the families tell us, with considerable progress
12 Jigsaw Cities
Anne Power
Anne Power and John Houghton’s sensitive approach than the large-scale, Birmingham helps us understand where new book (published in March top-down strategies set out in the we are coming from and how far we 2007) explores Britain’s intensely Government’s Sustainable Communities have to go; why we must piece together urban and increasingly global Plan. We set out to understand these the jigsaw of cities if we are to hold communities as interlocking interlocking problems and see whether them together at all. pieces of a complex jigsaw, which alternative, smaller-scale solutions are are hard to see apart yet they are to hand. We identify five factors in our final deeply unequal. chapters that help jigsaw cities work: Birmingham exemplifies a jigsaw. It smart growth and compact urban Britain’s cities are fast changing. Earlier is big, with a million inhabitants. It forms; neighbourhood renewal damage, polarisation and sprawl have was extremely rich and powerful in and local management; sustainable turned some neighbourhoods into its Victorian hey-day. When it makes development and environmental care emptying husks that we must re-use. We mistakes, it makes them big too! It has through protecting green land and question the inevitable environmental, long rejected the idea of the jigsaw, upgrading existing urban areas; creating social and economic impacts of building requiring as it does fluid management, mixed communities within existing large, planned new settlements in the over- opting instead for top-down, ‘one size neighbourhoods; and citizen involvement heated, over-crowded and environmentally fits all’ solutions designed and driven by in new ways of organising cities. pressured South East; matched by the the town hall. Yet it is a pioneer of new return to planned clearance of older stock urban forms. Its city centre regeneration, A. Power and J. Houghton, J, Jigsaw Cities: big places, small spaces, Bristol: The Policy Press, in the North and Midlands. We argue its canal side developments, and its March 2007. that we will need a far more finely-tuned, beacon housing projects offer unique community-oriented and environmentally models of how we might move forward.
Castle Vale Estate built on Castle Bromwich site on the former The Water’s Edge, Brindleyplace edge of the city. Most of the towers have been demolished. Source: Argent Estates © Brindleyplace Photo pre-1994.
13 Employment, Welfare, Education and Exclusion
Contact: Tania Burchardt, Simon Burgess, Robert Cassen, Howard Glennerster, John Hills, Eleni Karagiannaki, Abigail McKnight, David Piachaud, Tom Sefton, Kitty Stewart
Research in this strand this CASE user fellow Steve Morris from the Robert Cassen has recently completed year spanned all stages of the DWP investigated how the characteristics a research project on Low Achievement lifecycle and a wide range of of lone mothers vary across different in English Schools, jointly funded by aspects of the welfare state. kinds of child support arrangements the Joseph Rowntree Foundation and – court orders, voluntary agreements, the Sutton Trust. He and his co-author On the elderly, Tom Sefton continued CSA awards or no support. This is Geeta Kingdon (Economics Department, his research for the Nuffield Foundation especially topical given the Henshaw University of Oxford) have conducted on the impact of pension systems and recommendations to move towards a an econometric study based on PLASC earlier life time events on the distribution much greater emphasis on voluntary and related national data on pupil of incomes among older people in the UK, agreements. Morris found some performance, and visited schools and US and Germany with a particular focus on evidence that voluntary agreements are other educational institutions. They how different welfare systems compensate less enduring than other arrangements, present their main statistical results in the for, or penalise, certain lifetime trajectories. and that at present, lone mothers with context of an extensive literature survey. Eleni Karagiannaki and Tania Burchardt voluntary agreements tend to be less A report to the JRF entitled Tackling Low began work on an ESRC-funded project, disadvantaged than others. Achievement will be published in June examining the impact of change in health 2007. The report describes the profile on the wealth holdings and consumption The employment patterns of mothers and background of low achievers, gives patterns of the elderly in Britain and with and without partners are the an account of the principal factors the US. This research is making use subject of on-going research by Kitty associated with these outcomes from their of the first two waves of the English Stewart, funded by the Nuffield own research and from the literature, Longitudinal Survey of Ageing and the Foundation. The project is examining and concludes with some of the policy US equivalent, the Health and Retirement the influences on the timing of mothers’ implications of these findings. As in Survey. John Hills followed up his work return to paid work (if at all) after the much other research, the authors find as a commissioner on the Pensions birth of their last child, and how their strong connections with pupils’ initial Commission with a series of conference wages and hours compare to their disadvantage, but suggest the evidence and seminar presentations, articles and previous employment. points to other factors as well: some of other publications. In the latter part of these lie in pupils’ motivation and parental the year, he undertook a high-level review In our work on education, three major aspirations, others in the school system of social housing for the Department of projects have been concerned with the itself, some aspects of which are not Communities and Local Government, reasons that lie behind low achievements helpful to the disadvantaged. The full which will report in early 2007. at school, the relative progress of ethnic econometric study will be submitted for minority children and the trend to separate publication, initially on the The Centre also provided a greater ethnic segregation in schools. CASE website. Commissioner for a review of policy at the opposite end of the age spectrum: Simon Burgess and Deborah David Piachaud contributed to the Wilson have continued their research Fabian Commission on children’s life programme on ethnicity and education. chances, whose conclusions were widely In Johnston, Wilson and Burgess (2006) reported. Howard Glennerster and they explore the correlation between Abigail McKnight drew together their performance and student and school thinking on asset-based welfare, which is characteristics in Bradford (with a large one of policy ideas proposed to improve Pakistani background population) and the life chances of young people from Leicester (with a large Indian background disadvantaged backgrounds. population). In separate work (Johnston, Burgess, Harris and Wilson, 2006), Nor was research on people of working they have examined whether ethnic age neglected. Abigail McKnight segregation in schools is increasing or continued her collaboration with Richard decreasing. In on-going work, they Dickens of the Centre for Economic analyse whether there is a causal link Performance exploiting the rich information between school composition and on employment histories provided by the academic attainment. Lifetime Labour Market Database.
14 Short-term Income Volatility for Low-income Families
John Hills
In a joint project with the That there was greater volatility of J Hills, A McKnight and R Smithies (2006) National Centre for Social income within the year than many Tracking Income: How Working Families’ Incomes Vary Through the Year, HMRC might have expected has implications Research, funded by HM Treasury Research Report 15/ CASEReport 32. and HM Revenue and Customs, for measuring income mobility between we collected a unique dataset of years. Part of what is often observed as week-by-week income receipts mobility between years, may actually over a complete year for a reflect differences between shorter-term sample of low-income working variations – ‘noise’ – rather than longer- families. It revealed considerable term changes in circumstances. short-term variability in the incomes of many of the families The findings also highlight the dilemma studied (see figure). facing those administering systems such as tax credits. Such systems can be run This has implications for the on a basis of fixing payments for a while interpretation of income distribution on the basis of past income. Alternatively statistics drawn from household surveys: payments can be adjusted to reflect some families’ circumstances will, current incomes. On the one hand, the for instance, look more favourable if degree of volatility we find suggests that aggregated over a whole year, rather the justice involved in basing tax credits than just over a single month. However, on past incomes would be rough. On the it may be incomes over a short period other, this volatility makes administration that are most important to those with of a system intended to adjust for it the least resources, and who have to during the year – as the new tax credit budget on the basis of current income. system attempts – very difficult indeed.
Variability of income by net income for year 70
60
50
40
30
20
ficient of variation (13 periods) 10 Coef 0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Net income reported for 2003-04 (£)
15 Policies, Concepts and Measurement of Social Exclusion
Contact: Tania Burchardt, Julian Le Grand, Polly Vizard
A special module in the British Julian Le Grand continued to contribute combined Commission on Equality and Social Attitudes Survey allowed to the debate on the reform of the Human Rights (CEHR), which opens its John Rigg to explore attitudes health service, in particular on the doors in Autumn 2007. The Equalities towards disabled people. question of whether and how widening Review and the ESRC funded Burchardt patient choice yields improvements. and Vizard to develop a measurement This confirmed that people with closer framework for the Review and to make recommendations for the on-going contact with disabled people – for This year saw the publication of Polly Vizard’s book, Poverty and Human monitoring of inequality which will example, within the family or at work – Rights: Sen’s capability framework be carried out by the CEHR. The twin were better informed and less prejudiced explored, which reflects her doctoral challenges were to make sense of against disabled people in general in a and post-doctoral work exploring the thinking about inequality across all the number of different respects. Overall, connections between international strands which will come under the new however, levels of discriminatory human rights and the capability approach Commission’s remit – gender, ethnicity, attitudes remain high, especially against from a multi-disciplinary perspective disability, age, sexual orientation, trans- gender status and religion/belief – and those with mental health problems. – Economics, Law and Philosophy. to translate the more abstract concepts The links between mental health and This fed directly into her work, with in which theories of equality and social social exclusion were the subject of a Tania Burchardt, for the Equalities justice are expressed into a practical systematic review carried out by Tania Review (see box). The Equalities Review measurement tool. Burchardt in collaboration with the is an independent body set up by the Personal Social Services Research Unit. government as the precursor to the
16 A framework for Measuring Equality
Tania Burchardt
One of the tasks of the Equalities The list which emerged has ten principal capability approach with specific content Review was to recommend domains – listed in the box on the right- and legitimacy, while the capability a framework for monitoring hand side of the figure – with a large interpretation of equality ensures that equality across the board, and it number of sub-headings under each. human rights are understood in their full, commissioned CASE to assist in the Inequality in the substantive freedom to positive, sense of promoting substantive development of this framework. achieve good outcomes in these domains freedom, rather than purely as guarantees should, we argue, be the focus of the of non-interference. The framework we recommended, and future CEHR’s monitoring. Monitoring which was subsequently adopted by is only the beginning however; one also Of course, how it works in reality is the Equalities Review, was based on needs to examine the causes of inequality another matter. As academics who the capability approach (Burchardt and and the kinds of intervention which may have been working on the theory Vizard, 2007; Vizard and Burchardt, be effective in addressing it. To this end, of capability and equality for some 2007). This offers a number of the figure also shows some of the principal time, it has been both fascinating and advantages. It focuses on ends rather influences on people’s entitlements and challenging working with the Equalities than means, recognises diversity in their ability to convert these entitlements Review to attempt to translate these individuals’ needs and goals, and into valuable outcomes: the social, ideas into policy. Much more now needs incorporates the idea of positive economic and legal context, the level and to be done to take the further step of (substantive) freedom, rather than being distribution of public and private resources, translating policy into practice. limited either to a single dimension (like and the individual’s characteristics. Policy Burchardt, T. and Vizard, P. (2007) Definition income or happiness), or to narrower interventions can be targeted at the of Equality and Framework for Measurement: interpretations of opportunity. context and resources; they either cannot final report of the Equalities Review Steering or should not attempt to change individual Group on Measurement Paper 1. www. A difficult issue in operationalising the characteristics, at least not directly. theequalitiesreview.org.uk/upload/assets/www. capability approach is which capabilities, theequalitiesreview.org.uk/paper1equality.pdf of the almost infinite range of possibilities, Our intention is that this framework is (accessed 14 March 2007). should be the focus of evaluation. sufficiently general and flexible that it can Equalities Review (2007) Fairness and Freedom: Building on Polly Vizard’s work (2006), we help to illuminate the barriers faced by all Final Report of the Equalities Review. London: derived a core list from the international the different groups and kinds of inequality Equalities Review. human rights framework – principally with which the CEHR will be concerned. Vizard, P. (2005) Poverty and Human Rights: Sen’s Indeed it is an advantage of thinking about the covenants on civil and political rights ‘capability perspective’ explored. Oxford: Oxford and on economic, social and cultural different kinds of inequality within the University Press. rights, which together codify the Universal same framework that connections between Declaration. This list was then subjected them become more apparent. It also Vizard, P. and Burchardt, T. (2007) Developing a Capability List: Final report of the Equalities to scrutiny by human rights and capability demonstrates the way in which we believe Review Steering Group on Measurement Paper approach experts, and was supplemented the human rights and equality parts of the 2. www.theequalitiesreview.org.uk/upload/assets/ and refined by a deliberative consultation CEHR’s brief can be complementary, with www.theequalitiesreview.org.uk/paper2capability. exercise with the general public. the human rights framework providing the pdf (accessed 14 March 2007).
Figure 1: Capability measurement framework
Personal and social 10 domains of Individual entitlements are converted by into conversion factors valuable capabilities
Life Physical security Health Context including Level and distribution Education Personal characteristics operation of institutions of resources Standard of living Productive and valued Labour market Income Impairment activities Governance Wealth Gender Individual, family Legal system Healthcare Pregnancy and social life Family Education Ethnicity Participation, influence Social integration Social capital Age and voice Public attitudes etc Sexual orientation Identity, expression Built environment Religion/belief and self respect etc Social class Legal security Expectations etc
17 Appendix 1 – Current Research and Research Staff
Francesca Bastagli is completing Robert Cassen together with Aaron Grech joined CASE in October her doctoral research on a Brazilian Geeta Kingdon (Oxford University) 2006 to start his doctoral research on conditional cash transfer (CCT) will publish Tackling Low Educational the impacts of pension policies and programme, the Bolsa Familia, using Achievement for the Joseph Rowntree pension reforms in different European both quantitative and qualitative analysis Foundation in June 2007. The report countries, looking in particular at to study its implementation and impact. examines the factors underlying low different measures of ‘sustainability’ of educational achievement in England both reformed and unreformed systems. Francesca Borgonovi is a British and addresses the ongoing debate Academy post-doctoral fellow. The aim about education policies in relation to John Hills published the report from of her research is to assess individual and reducing low achievement. The study his assessment of the future roles of social determinants of civic participation uses the National Pupil Database and social housing in England in February and the role community engagement related data to examine four different 2007, and has been heavily involved can play in promoting mental and measures of low achievement, and a in the debate that has followed. physical well-being. She has examined profile of low achievement is offered. With Julian le Grand and David the effect that social polarization and The full econometric results are Piachaud he has contributed to and segregation along social, religious available separately, in Geeta Kingdon co-edited Making Social Policy Work: and ethnic lines have on the strength and Robert Cassen, ‘Understanding Essays in honour of Howard Glennerster, of community involvement and its Low Achievement in English Schools’ to be published in October 2007. With outcomes. She is combining approaches (CASEpaper 118). He is also currently assistance from Ben Baumberg he from sociology and economics to working on a study of risk and resilience is carrying out further analysis of the find solutions to widely recognized in education, together with Leon data collected by CASE and NatCen limits present in published evidence Feinstein (Institute of Education) and on week-by-week changes in income in the area, namely the separation of Philip Graham (formerly of the Institute for low-income working families. He individual and contextual effects and the of Child Health). is also working with Martin Evans, identification of causal relationships. Ruth Hancock, Holly Sutherland and Mingzhu Dong will be finalising her Francesca Zantomio (from Oxford and Sheere Brooks continued work on research on the multiple disadvantages Essex Universities) on a study for the her PhD, focusing on spatial implications of the urban under/unemployed in Joseph Rowntree Foundation of the way of tourism expansion on squatter Northeast China in the coming 2007/08 in which benefit levels and tax rates are settlements in a case study of a Jamaican year. Work to be done will involve uprated over time. He and Tom Sefton tourist resort town. She is now in the further manipulation of data, writing are contributing to a module of the process of finalising her thesis, with the up and probably another visit to the 2008 European Social Survey examining expectation of submitting her thesis in fieldwork site. ‘welfare attitudes in a changing Europe’. Autumn 2007. In addition to this, she has been working with the Policy Studies Eleni Karagiannaki is currently Bryan Jones joined CASE in Institute on a number of DWP welfare to working with Tania Burchardt on a December 2006. He is working on a work longitudinal studies. project funded by the ESRC. This project PhD thesis looking at the impact on utilizes three large scale longitudinal existing communities of new housing Tania Burchardt is working on datasets (BHPS and ELSA for the UK and and commercial development in Kent a JRF-funded project on time and HRS for the US) to examine the effects Thameside, which is one of the key income poverty, analysing the UK Time of health on consumption and wealth development areas identified by the Use Survey and conducting in-depth dynamics in the old age. Government in the Thames Gateway. He interviews with people at risk of low has spent this year undertaking fieldwork income and time pressure. She is also Howard Glennerster published the in the area. co-editing a book on social justice and third edition of his history of British public policy. Follow-up to the Equalities Social Policy since 1945 at the beginning Kathleen Kiernan and Carmen Review, which reported earlier this year, of 2007 and will begin revising his book Huerta are examining how poverty, is continuing with Polly Vizard. Tania Understanding the Finance of Welfare maternal depression, family status and is also continuing to work with Eleni after the summer. Partly in preparation parenting affect a child’s cognitive and Karagiannaki on an ESRC-funded he has given lectures to and participated emotional development. They are using project on the impact of changes in in conferences in Athens and Madrid on data from the Millennium Cohort Study health on the consumption and savings new directions in the financing of social and using various methods including of elderly people in the UK and the US, policy in Europe. He will participate in SEM modelling to assess the strength of and with Martin Knapp on mental health the new Nuffield Foundation-funded the associations between these factors and social inclusion. research programme on the distribution and child outcomes. of wealth.
18 Suyoung Kim joined CASE in February only for one kind of outcome (eg, Catalina Turcu continues her PhD 2007. She is carrying out doctoral research behaviour or cognitive skills). Yet recent research on sustainable communities on the policy making and implementation research has stressed the importance of in low demand housing areas. of Korean Workfare Programme, early investment in children on a range She is analysing the impact of compared to those of welfare reforms of outcomes. Using a single unified urban regeneration on community in developed welfare states. Her work framework, they are examining five sustainability, focusing on the Housing is using qualitative analysis, especially outcomes: two cognitive, two behavioural Market Renewal programme and is historical approaches on the discourses and one health related and testing the proposing a new theoretical framework of Korean workfare programme. impact of parental social and human for assessing community sustainability capital and behaviours on the transmission in these areas. She is consolidating the Abigail McKnight is working with of intergenerational disadvantage. framework, and testing it in three areas Richard Dickens of the LSE’s Centre for by carrying out extensive interviews with Economic Performance on patterns of Airborne pollution is a potential killer key actors and a survey of residents. She earnings mobility, using data from the and is one of the ways in which the has recently worked as a consultant for DWP’s Lifetime Labour Market Database, quality of where people live may Wimpey Homes and undertaken research and is completing joint research with the affect their lives. Carol Propper and on the implementation of sustainability Institute for Public Policy Research on the Katharina Janke are using local models in the housing industry to co- impact of asset-holding on outcomes in authority level data for 1996-2004 author the study Making a Step Change early adulthood. to examine the relationship between in Sustainability. airborne pollution and death rates, in Jörg Plöger, Anne Power and Astrid adults and children. Using GIS methods, Yuka Uzuki joined CASE in October Winkler are continuing their work on pollution measured at a large number of 2006. She is carrying out doctoral the Weak Market Cities Programme, measuring stations has been matched research on intergenerational persistence investigating the economic, social and to local authority data on deaths rates, of poverty, focusing on roles of education. environmental recovery efforts of seven economic activity and income levels of Her work involves investigation of varying post-industrial European cities (Sheffield, the population. The research design effects of post-compulsory/non-tertiary Belfast, Torino, Saint-Etienne, Leipzig, allows for the fact that pollution is education on labour market outcomes Bremen and Bilbao). They have completed not distributed randomly in space, but using three British longitudinal datasets, seven city reports, which trace the is associated with weather, industrial the NCDS, BCS and BHPS. history, crisis and recovery of each city, location and other activity that also and are currently working on a thematic might be harmful to health, to attempt Jane Waldfogel’s current work report that draws together evidence of to net out the direct effect of pollution includes a review of how welfare reforms common recovery themes across the on death rates. in the US and UK have affected child cities, including widely-consulted ‘Strategic well-being. She is also starting work on Plans’, physical upgrading programmes Tom Sefton was on leave from the a new book which will examine the first often focused on the city-centre, and skills centre in the USA and Guatemala in ten years of the UK’s initiative to reduce programmes for populations with low the first half of 2007. When he returns child poverty. educational attainment based on a strong in July he will continue his research on manufacturing history. The associated City incomes in later life in the UK, USA, Stephen Wang is working on his Reformers Group, a learning network of Sweden, and Germany. Kitty Stewart doctoral research on the decline and over 50 urban practitioners and policy- is currently on maternity leave. selective revitalisation of ‘lilong’ housing makers involved in city regeneration, will in Shanghai, China, analysing the have its third meeting in Autumn 2007. We Wendy Sigle-Rushton has been influence of socialist housing institutions, will publish an overview of our experiences working on a paper (with Fiona Steele the changing context of housing and learning in early 2008. and Oystein Kravdal) using Norwegian alongside marketisation, and the use of registry data to examine the educational ‘heritage’ as a cultural and economic Carol Propper, Liz Washbook, outcomes of children who experience a resource. He is now working on analysis Lindsey MacMillan and Paul Gregg family disruption. They find strong evidence and write up, and expects to complete are examining the pathways by which for selection bias: the children of women the research by Autumn 2008. low income gets translated into poor with an above-average risk of dissolution child outcomes in middle childhood. We tend to have below average chances of know that child outcomes are socially continuing in education. She has also been graded. However, we understand a great working on a paper with John Hobcraft deal less about how low income gets that demonstrates the ways in which translated into poorer outcomes, and classification and regression trees can be where pathways have been identified, used to identify relationships of resilience. the impact of these is generally identified
19 Appendix 2 – List of Publications 2006
(*) denotes publications largely Forthcoming Goldthorpe, J and McKnight, A (2006) attributable to work outside the centre. Cassen, R and Kingdon, G, Tackling ‘The economic basis of social class’. In Non-CASE authors indicated by italics. Low Achievement. Joseph Rowntree S Morgan, D Grusky and G Fields (eds) Foundation. Mobility and Inequality: frontiers of A1 Books and reports research from sociology to economics. Glennerster, H (2006) British Social Policy Hills, J, Le Grand, J and Piachaud, D Stanford University Press. Since 1945 (Third Edition). Blackwell. (eds), Making Social Policy Work: essays in honour of Howard Glennerster. The Hills, J (2006), ‘Financing UK pensions’. Hills, J, Smithies, R, and McKnight, A Policy Press. In H Pemberton, P Thane, and N (2006) Tracking Income: how working Whiteside (eds) Britain’s Pension Crisis: families’ incomes vary through the year. Power, A and Houghton, J, Jigsaw Cities: history and policy. Oxford University Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs big places, small spaces. The Policy Press. Press/British Academy. Research Report 15. Power, A, City Survivors, The Policy Press. Hobcraft, J (2006), ‘The ICPD and Le Grand, J (2006) Motivation, Agency and the panel in context: an introduction Public Policy: of knights and knaves, pawns Ravenhill, M, The Culture of and commentary’. In UNFPA (ed) The and queens, Oxford: Oxford University Homelessness, Ashgate. ICPD Vision: how far has the 11-Year Press. Revised Paperback Edition. journey taken us? Report from a UNFPA A2 Book Chapters Panel Discussion at the IUSSP XXV, Power, A (2006) One size still doesn’t Ahlburg, D and Cassen, R (2006) International Population Conference. fit all. Final Report of the Independent ‘Population and development’. In A Dutt UNFPA. (*) Commission of Inquiry into the Future and J Ros (eds) International Handbook of of Council Housing in Birmingham. Development Economics. Edward Elgar. (*) Le Grand, J (2006) ‘Implementing LSE Housing. stakeholder grants: the British case’. Bastow, S, Beck, H, Dunleavy, P, and In E Olin Wright (ed) Redesigning Tunstall, R and Coulter, A (2006) 25 Richardson, L (2006) ‘Incentive schemes Redistribution. Verso. Years on 20 Estates: turning the tide. and civil renewal’. In T Brannan, P The Policy Press. John, and G Stoker (eds) Re-energizing Richardson, L (2006) ‘Incentives and Citizenship: strategies for civil renewal. motivations for neighbourliness’. Tunstall, R and Fenton, A (2006) Palgrave Macmillan. In K Harris (ed) Respect in the Mixed Tenure, Mixed Income, Mixed Neighbourhood: why neighbourliness Communities: what do we know. Burchardt, T (2006) ‘Happiness and matters. Russell House Publishing. A review of the evidence. Housing social policy: barking up the right tree Corp, English Partnerships and Joseph in the wrong neck of the woods’. In L Sefton, T (2006) ‘Distributive and Rowntree Foundation. Bauld, K Clarke and T Maltby (eds) Social redistributive policy’. In M Moran, M Policy Review 18: analysis and debate in Rein and R Goodin (eds) The Oxford Vizard, P (2006) Poverty and Human social policy. The Policy Press. Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford Rights: Sen’s capability framework University Press. explored. Oxford University Press. Burchardt, T (2006) ‘Disability and child poverty: changing weights and measures’. Waldfogel, J (2006) ‘Early childhood Waldfogel, J (2006) What Children Need. In G Preston (ed) A Route out of Poverty: policy: a comparative perspective’. Harvard University Press. disabled people, work and welfare reform. In K McCartney and D Phillips (eds) Child Poverty Action Group. The Handbook of Early Childhood White, G, Dickinson, S, Miles, N, Development. Blackwell. Richardson, L, Russell, H, Taylor, M Glennerster, H and McKnight, A (2006) (2006) Exemplars of Neighbourhood ‘A capital start but how far do we go?’. Governance. Department of In W Paxton and S White (eds) The Communities and Local Government. Citizen’s Stake. The Policy Press.
20 Forthcoming Amiel, Y and Cowell, F (2006) ‘Social Brooks, S, ‘A squatter in my own welfare and individual preferences country!’ Debating the politics of socio- under uncertainty: a questionnaire- spatial exclusion in a Jamaican tourist experimental approach’, Research on resort town’. In M Daye and D Chambers Economic Inequality, 14: 347-364. (ed) New Perspectives on Caribbean Tourism. Routledge. Baddeley, M, McNay, K and Cassen, R (2006) ‘Divergence in India: income Burchardt, T, ‘Welfare: what for?’. In J differentials at the state level 1970-97’, Hills, J Le Grand and D Piachaud (eds) Journal of Development Studies, 42 (6): Making Social Policy Work: essays in 1000-1022. (*) honour of Howard Glennerster. The Policy Press. Bandyopadhyay, S and Cowell, F (2006) ‘Vulnerable households and variable Hobcraft, J, ‘Genomics and beyond: incomes’, Research on Economic improving understanding and analysis Inequality, 13: 3-30. of human (social, economic and demographic) behaviour.’ In US NAS/ Borgonovi, F (2006) ‘Do public grants CPOP (ed) Advances in Collecting and to American theatres crowd-out private Utilizing Biological Indicators and Genetic donations?’, Public Choice, 126 (3-4): Information in Social Science Surveys. NAS. 429-451.
Paskell, C, ‘Negotiating community- Cassen, R., Dyson, T. and Hussain, A. police relations: the role of PCSOs in (2006) ‘Demographic transition in Asia and policing low-income neighbourhoods’. In its consequences’, Bulletin of the Institute R Atkinson and G Helms (eds) Securing of Development Studies, 37 (3). (*) an Urban Renaissance: crime, community and British urban policy. The Policy Press. Cowell, F (2006) ‘Theil, inequality indices and decomposition’, Research on Rigg, J, ‘Attitudes towards disability’. Economic Inequality, 13: 345-360. (*) In A Park, J Curtice, K Thompson, C Bromley, M Phillips and M Johnson (eds) Cowell, F and Victoria-Feser, M (2006) British Social Attitudes Survey: the 23rd ‘Distributional dominance with trimmed Report. Sage Publications. data’, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 24, 291-300.(*) Shin, H B, ‘Residential redevelopment and social impacts in Beijing’. In F Wu Davidson, R, Kitzinger, J and Hunt, K (ed) China’s Emerging Cities: the making (2006) ‘The wealthy get healthy, the of new urbanism. Routledge. poor get poorly? Lay perceptions of health inequalities’, Social Science Sumar, K and Li, B, ‘Urban labor market & Medicine, 62: 2171-2182. (*) changes and social protection for urban informal workers: challenges for China Gardiner, K, Burgess, S and Propper, C and India’. In F Wu (ed) China’s Emerging (2006) ‘School, family and county effects Cities. Routledge. on adolescents’ later life chances’, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, A3 Refereed journal articles 27 (2): 155-184. Aassve, A, Burgess, S, Propper, C and Dickson, M (2006) ‘Employment, family Hills, J (2006) ‘A new pension settlement union, and childbearing decisions in for the twenty-first century? The UK Great Britain’, Journal of Royal Statistical Pension Commission’s analysis and Society A, 169 (4): 781-804. proposals’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22 (1): 113-132.
21 Hills, J (2006) ‘From Beveridge to Turner: demography, distribution and the future of pensions in the UK’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 169 (4): 663-679.
Hobcraft, J (2006) ‘The ABC of demographic behaviour: how the interplays of alleles, brains and contexts over the life course should shape research aimed at understanding population processes’, Population Studies, 60 (2): 153-187.
Huerta, M C (2006) ‘Child health in rural Mexico: did Progressa reduce children’s morbidity risks?’, Social Policy and Administration, 40 (6): 652-677.
Johnston, R, Burgess, S, Harris, R and Wilson, D (2006) ‘School and residential ethnic segregation: an analysis of variations across England’s Local Education Authorities’, Regional Studies, 40 (9): 973-990. (*)
Kiernan, K (2006) ‘Non-residential fatherhood and child involvement: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study’, Journal of Social Policy, 35 (4): 651-669.
Kiernan, K and Pickett, K, (2006) ‘Marital status disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding and maternal depression’, Social Science and Medicine, 63: 335-346.
Le Grand, J (2006), ‘Equity and choice in public services’, Social Research, 73 (2): 695-710. (*)
Le Grand, J with Dixon, A (2006) ‘Is greater patient choice consistent with equity? The case of the English NHS’, Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 11 (3): 162-166. (*)
Lelkes, O (2006) ‘Knowing what is good for you: empirical analysis of personal preferences and the ‘objective good’’, Journal of Socio-Economics, 35 (2): 285-307.
22 Lelkes, O (2006) ‘Tasting freedom: Curran, C, Burchardt, T, Knapp, M, Propper, C, Rigg, J and Burgess, S, ‘Child happiness, religion and economic McDaid, D and Li, B, ‘Challenges in health: evidence on the roles of income transition’, Journal of Economic Behaviour multi-disciplinary systematic reviewing: and maternal natal health from a UK and Organization, 59 (2): 173-194. a study on social exclusion and mental birth cohort’, Health Economics. health policy’, Social Policy and Li, B (2006) ‘Floating population or urban Administration. Sigle-Rushton, W and Waldfogel, J, citizens? Status, social provision and ‘Motherhood and women’s earnings in circumstances of rural-urban migrants in Gregg, P, Waldfogel, J and Washbrook, Anglo-American, continental European, China’, Social Policy and Administration, E, ‘Family expenditures post-welfare and Nordic countries’, Feminist Economics. 40 (2): 174-195. reform in the UK: are low-income families with children starting to catch Zaidi, A and Grech, A, ‘Pension policy Li, B and Piachaud, D (2006) ‘Urbanisation up?’, Labour Economics. in EU25 and its impact on pension and social policy in China’, Asia- Pacific benefits’, Benefits: the Journal of Poverty Development Journal, 13 (1): 1-26. Gregg, P, Washbrook, E, Propper, C and and Social Justice. Burgess, S, ‘Maternity rights and mother’s Plöger, J (2006) ‘Practices of socio-spatial return to work’, Labour Economics. A4 Other journal articles control in the marginal neighbourhoods Burchardt, T (2006) ‘Disability and of Lima, Peru’, Trialog, 89 (2): 32-36. (*) Johnston, R, Wilson, D and Burgess, child poverty: changing weights and S (2006) ‘Ethnic segregation and measures’, Poverty, 123 (Winter): 6-9. Rigg, J and Sefton, T (2006) ‘Income educational performance at secondary dynamics and the life cycle’, Journal of school in Bradford and Leicester’. Burchardt, T (2006) ‘Frustrated ambition: Social Policy, 35 (3): 411-435. Environment & Planning, Series A. disabled young people’s education and employment’, The Skill Journal, 84: 9-12. Vizard, P (2006) ‘Sen v Pogge on global Johnston, R, Jones, K, Burgess, S, Bolster, poverty and human rights’, Ethics A, Propper, C and Sarker, R, ‘Fractal Burchardt, T (2006) ‘Editorial: the and Economics, 3 (2) www.ethique- factors? Scale, factor analysis and changing world of benefits and Benefits’, economique.org/Volume-3-Numero- neighbourhood effects’, Geographical Benefits: The Journal of Poverty and 2.html Analysis. (*) Social Justice, 14 (1): 3-5.
Forthcoming Karagiannaki, E, ‘Exploring the effects Glennerster, H (2006) ‘Capital poor’, Burgess, S, McConnell, B, Propper, C of integrated benefit systems and active Benefits: the Journal of Poverty and and Wilson, D, ‘Girls rock, boys roll: an labour market policies: evidence from Social Justice, 14 (1): 27-31. analysis of the age 14-16 gender gap Jobcentre Plus in the UK’ Journal of in English schools’, Scottish Journal of Social Policy. Hills, J (2006) ‘Why isn’t poverty history? Political Economy. (*) Stratification and inequality’, Sociology Mitchell-Smith, G, ‘Doing time on Review, February: 8-11. Burgess, S, Bolster, A, Johnston, R, the New Deal: a temporal analysis of Jones, K, Propper, C and Sarker, R, welfare to work’, Social Policy and Kiernan, K, Barlow, A and Merlo, R ‘Neighbourhoods, households and Administration. (2006) ‘Cohabitation law reform and its income dynamics: a semi-parametric impact on marriage’, Family Law, 36: investigation of neighbourhood effects’, Morris, S, ‘Mothers, child support 1074-1076. Journal of Economic Geography. (*) arrangements: a comparison of routes through which mothers obtain awards Le Grand, J (2006) ‘A better class of Cowell, F and Victoria-Feser, M, ‘Robust for maintenance in Great Britain’, choice’, Public Finance, 31 March. stochastic dominance: a semi-parametric Benefits: The Journal of Poverty and www.publicfinance.co.uk approach’ Journal of Economic Social Justice, 15 (1). Inequality, 5, 21-37. (*) Le Grand, J (2006) ‘Choice and Propper, C, Bolster, A, Burgess, S, Leckie, competition in Britain’s National Health Cowell, F and Flachaire, E, ‘Income G, Jones, K and Johnston, R, ‘The impact Service’, Eurohealth, 12 (1). Distribution and Inequality Measurement: of neighbourhood on the income and the problem of extreme values’, Journal mental health of British social renters’, of Econometrics. Urban Studies.
23 Le Grand, J (2006) ‘Choice and competition Hills, J (2006) A More Equal Society? in public services’, Research in Public Policy: Poverty, inequality and exclusion. HM Bulletin of the Centre for Market and Public Treasury Microeconomics Lecture Series. Organisation, Issue 2, Summer. HM Treasury.
Le Grand, J (2006) ‘Sixty years on, how Le Grand, J and Chater, D (2006) Looked Bevan’s vision is bearing up’, Health Service After or Overlooked? Good parenting and Journal, 27 April. school choice for looked after children. Social Market Foundation. Le Grand, J (2006) ‘Too little choice’, Prospect, January. Johnston, R, Burgess, S, Harris, R and Wilson, D (2006) Sleep-Walking Towards Power, A (2006) ‘City Living’, Public Service Segregation? The changing ethnic Review, Issue 8. composition of English schools, 1997-2003 – an entry cohort analysis. CMPO Working Power, A (2006) ‘Green Houses’, Public Paper 06/155. CMPO. Service Review, Issue 13. Perrons, D and Sigle-Rushton, W (2006) Stewart, K (2006) ‘A mountain to climb’, Work Today: characteristics, constraints Parliamentary Brief, special issue on and outcomes – a literature review. Equal poverty, August. Opportunities Commission. (*)
Tunstall, R and Coulter, A (2006) ‘Estates Piachaud, D (Commissioner) (2006) of the nation’ (cover story), New Start, Narrowing the Gap: Report of the Fabian 22 November. Commission on Life Chances and Child Poverty. Fabian Society. Tunstall, R (2006) ‘Mixed communities: making a difference?’ Sustain 7 (06). Power, A (2006) Notes for HM Treasury on neighbourhood renewal, housing repair A5 Other publications and equalising VAT. www.renewal.net/ Amiel, Y, Cowell, F and Gaertner, W Documents/MC/Research/Treasurynote.doc (2006) To Be or not To Be Involved: a questionnaire-experimental view on Power, A (2006) The Changing Face of Harsanyi’s utilitarian ethics. Distributional Cities. Environment on the Edge, 2005- Analysis Discussion Paper 85. http:// 2006 lecture series, UNEP-WCMC, New localhost/frankweb/frank/../../papersdb/ Hall, St Edmund’s College, British Antarctic Amiel_etal_(DARP85).pdf Survey, Cambridge. www.ourplanet.com
Beck, H and Richardson, E (2006) LSE Sigle-Rushton, W and Perrons, D (2006) Evaluation of the Trafford Hall ‘Making ‘Work Today: characteristics, constraints Things Happen’ Capacity Building and outcomes – a statistical analysis’. Equal Programme 1999-2003. Housing Opportunities Commission. (*) Research Summary, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Stewart, K and Huerta, M (2006) Reinvesting in children? Policies for the very Burchardt, T (2006) Foundations for young in South Eastern Europe and the CIS. Measuring Equality. Discussion paper UNICEF Innocenti Working Paper 2006-01. for the Equalities Review. www. theequalitiesreview.org.uk/documents/ pdf/foundations4measuring.pdf
Cowell, F (2006) Inequality: Measurement. Distributional Analysis Discussion Paper 86. http://localhost/frankweb/frank/../../ papersdb/Cowell_(DARP86).pdf 24 CASE Papers
CASE/105 Deborah Wilson, Simon Burgess and Adam Briggs The Dynamics of School Attainment of England’s Ethnic Minorities
CASE/106 Arnstein Aassve, Simon Burgess, Modelling Poverty by not Modelling Poverty: an Matt Dickson and Carol Propper application of a simultaneous hazards approach to the UK
CASE/107 Eleni Karagiannaki Exploring the Effects of Integrated Benefit Systems and Active Labour Market Policies: evidence from Jobcentre Plus in the UK
CASE/108 Lucinda Platt Assessing the Impact of Illness, Caring and Ethnicity on Social Activity
CASE/109 Carol Propper and John Rigg Understanding Socio-economic Inequalities in Childhood Respiratory Health
CASE/110 John Hills From Beveridge to Turner: demography, distribution and the future of pensions in the UK
CASE/111 Tania Burchardt Foundations for measuring equality: a discussion paper for the Equalities Review
CASE/112 Asghar Zaidi, Mattia Makovec and Michael Fuchs Transition from Work to Retirement in EU25
CASE/113 Bingqin Li and Huamin Peng The Social Protection of Rural Workers in the Construction Industry in Urban China
CASE/114 Hartley Dean and Alice Coulter Work-Life Balance in a Low-Income Neighbourhood
CASE/115 Howard Glennerster Tibor Barna: the redistributive impact of taxes and social policies in the UK: 1937- 2005
CASE/116 Asghar Zaidi, Aaron George Grech Pension Policy in EU25 and its Possible Impact on and Michael Fuchs Elderly Poverty
Other CASE publications
CASEreport 32 John Hills, Rachel Smithies and Abigail McKnight Tracking Income: how working families’ incomes vary through the year
CASEreport 33 Tom Sefton (ed) CASE Annual Report 2005
25 Appendix 3 – Key Performance Indicators
A: Publications (excluding those largely attributable to work outside the Centre)
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2003 2004 2005 2006 Forthcoming
A1 Books and reports 2 4 9 6 12 11 4 4 9 5
A2 Book chapters 4 7 20 12 15† 19 10 14‡ 10 7
A3 Refereed journal papers 4 11 19 18 22 16 13 16 17 12
A4 Other publications 32 36 37 49 37 31 39 35 41 -
Notes: 1997/98 to 2000/01 figures are for academic years (October – September). 2001/02 figures are for a 15 month period October 2001 to December 2002. 2003 onwards are for calendar years. † Excludes chapters in Understanding Social Exclusion. ‡ Excludes chapters in A More Equal Society?
B: External relations
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2003 2004 2005 2006
B1 Membership of committees 12 34 33 39 51 57 68 82 75
B2 Membership of networks 6 7 11 13 14 12 9 8 15
B3 Overseas visitors (more than 2 days) 2 4 9 2 6 7 4 1 4
B4 Overseas visitors (over 3 months) 3 1 Nil 1 1 2 3 2 5
B5 Substantial advice and consultancy 10 15 10 7 13 13 10 12 18 (excluding grant and journal refereeing)
B6 Conference papers and seminar 64 112 111 95 108 91 130 126 103 presentations
B7 Media coverage: newspapers 61 78 57 59 55 61 54# 79# 27
B8 Media coverage: radio and TV 37 38 22 48 28 36 21 31 36
B9 CASE events: Conferences: 10 6 6 7 7 8 7 6 6 Seminars: 21 21 30 15 25 20 18 15 13
B10 International collaborative 5 3 11 10 10 10 12 13 15 research projects
Notes: 1997/98 to 2000/01 figures are for academic years (October – September). 2001/02 figures are for a 15 month period October 2001 to December 2002. 2003 onwards are for calendar years. # Does not include coverage of Pensions Commission reports.
26 C: Financial resources (October-September, £000s)
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
C1 ESRC core funding 297 430 457 441 496 492 564 570 625
C2 Other ESRC funding 51 15 Nil 8 14 67 39 83 29
C3 Host institution 95 142 142 155 216 228 229 192 173
C4 Other funding 219 178 251 282 304 261 287 384 317
OST and other research councils Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
UK foundations 143 121 147 187 179 155 165 192 220
UK industry and commerce 2 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 7 Nil
UK local authorities Nil Nil 3 2 Nil 9 27 2 Nil
UK central government 72 25 75 77 112 26 93 142 66
UK voluntary sector Nil 16 12 6 4 2 3 41 23
European Union 2 10 2 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Other overseas Nil 5 12 10 9 Nil Nil Nil 8
C5 Overall total 660 764 851 885 1,029 1,048 1,119 1,229 1,144
D: Staff Resources (October-September)
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
D1 Research staff (of which ESRC funded)
Individuals 13 (6) 14 (8) 13 (6) 14 (6) 18 (9) 18 (14) 25 (13) 20 (10) 17 (7)
Full-time equivalents 9.7 11.5 10.9 11.3 14.3 13.4 17.6 13.6 14.4 (4.3) (5.3) (4.5) (4.1) (4.6) (7.0) (8.3) (6.5) (5.4)
D2 Associated academic staff (of which ESRC funded)
Individuals 12 (7) 11 (5) 10 (6) 11 (6) 11 (6) 14 (7) 14 (6) 14 (7) 13 (5)
Full-time equivalents 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 4.1 3.6 3.2 (2.2) (1.8) (1.7) (1.5) (1.7) (1.6) (1.2) (1.7) (1.4)
D3 Support staff
Individuals 3 5 5 7 6 7 7 8 8
Full-time equivalents 1.6 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.2 4.2
D4 Research students 4 5 6 10 13 11 12 12 9
D5 Staff development days 75 75 61 53 42 90.5 83 68 53.5
27 How to find us
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