A Report on

By

Archana K. Roy R.B. Bhagat K.C. Das Sunil Sarode Reshmi R.S.

(Department of Migration and Urban Studies)

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION SCIENCES (Deemed to be University) Mumbai-400088, Maharashtra, https://www.iipsindia.ac.in

2021 Selected Key Indicators in Maps

Map No. 1: Sex ratio in divisions of MGP (females/000males)

Map No. 1 depicts the number of females per 1000 males across the divisions of MGP. The sex ratio remains in favour of females across all the divisions, which indicates a high rate of male selective outmigration from the region. The sex ratio of more than 1200 females per 1000 males was seen in the divisions of Gorakhpur, Devipatan Gonda, Azamgarh, Kosi and while it was lowest in (1037) and Basti (1046).

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Map No. 2: Household headship and left-behind women in divisions of MGP

Map No 2 shows the female-headed households and percent of households with left-behind women, i.e., women who stay in the village while their husbands migrate out for employment. One in two households in Gorakhpur and one in four houses in Patna had at least one left behind women. Female-headed households were high in Munger and Kosi (more than 40%) and low in Patna, Varanasi and Basti Divisions (around 25%).

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Map No. 3: level of Migration in divisions of MGP

Map No 3 uses pie diagrams to shows the distribution of households by migration status across each division. has the highest share of locked households (orange segment) due to migration of the entire family (17%). In seven of the 18 divisions, more than 60% of the households were migrant households (Gorakhpur, Saran, Azamgarh, Kosi, Tirhut, Darbhanga, and Munger). On the other hand, in 10 division, 40 to 50 percent of the households have no migrants. In four of the divisions, a tenth of the households have return migrants (Varanasi, Faizabad, Prayagraj and Saran).

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Map No. 4: Types of migration in divisions of MGP

Map No 4 bar diagrams show the distribution of internal (green bar), international (red bar) and seasonal migration (blue bar) across respondent households. International migration tends to be higher from areas with a long history of migration. Seasonal migration is more prevalent in the divisions of . Some of the divisions like Tirhut, Saran, and Kosi have a noticeable percentage of households with all three forms of migration.

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Map No. 5: Migrants by marital status in divisions of MGP

Map No 5 presents the marital status of individual migrants across the divisions of MGP. The prominently visible red bar indicates a very high level of married men migrating alone without wife and children, particularly in Munger and Kosi's divisions (more than 80%) and and Tirhut (more than 73%). The migration of entire families was negligible in these divisions. It was interesting to note that in divisions of Mirzapur, Darbhanga, and Prayagraj, nearly one-fourth of the migrants were accompanied by their spouse. In the division, two of every five migrants were never married.

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Map No. 6: Migrant households by average remittances received and categories of remittances (Rs)

In Map No 6, the choropleth map in the background shows the annual average remittances of the households. The darker the colour grade; the higher the average remittances. The bar diagram presents the percentage distribution of the households across different categories of the remittances received annually. Notably, quite a large proportion of the households, particularly in Bihar, receive less than Rs 12000 annually.

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Map No 7: Women’s decision making regarding daily household chores (%) in divisions of MGP

Map No 7 presents a comparative picture of women’s decision-making powers concerning daily household chores. In comparison to wives of non-migrants (blue bar), a higher proportion of left-behind women (red bar) take the household decisions on their own.

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Map No 8: Women’s decision-making regarding children healthcare (%) in divisions of MGP

Map No 8 presents a comparative picture of women’s decision-making powers in respect to the health care of children. In comparison to wives of non-migrants (blue bar), a higher proportion of left-behind women (red bar) take decisions regarding their children’s health care independently. Kosi was the exception where involvement of women from non-migrant households was equivalent to that of women from migrant households

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Map No 9: Women’s decision-making regarding purchasing for self (%) in divisions of MGP

Map No 9 presents a comparative picture of women’s decision-making powers with respect to purchasing items for themselves. In comparison to wives of non-migrants (blue bar), a higher proportion of left-behind women (red bar) take decisions on purchasing for themselves on their own. In Bihar and especially in Kosi, the involvement of women from non-migrant households was greater than that of women from migrant households.

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INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION SCIENCES, MUMBAI (Deemed to be University)

(An Autonomous Organisation of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI)

B.S. Devshi Marg (Govandi Station Road), Deonar

Mumbai-400088, Maharashtra, INDIA https://www.iipsindia.ac.in

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