Outdoor Recreation on Government Lands in Texas, an Analysis. INSTITUTION Texas a and M Univ., C Llege Station

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 058 052 SE 013 121

AUTHOR Reed, David J.; Reid, L slie M. TITLE Outdoor Recreation on Government Lands in Texas, An Analysis. INSTITUTION Texas A and M Univ., C llege Station. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. REPORT NO B-1081 PUB DATE 1671 NOTE 45p.

FDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Administrative Agencies; Federal Government; *Government (Administrative Body); *Land Use; Natural Resources; *Recreation; Recreational Facilities; Reports; state Government; *Statistical Data IDENTIFIERS Outdoor Recreation; Texas

ABSTRACT This study represents an inventory of major government, non-urban outdoor recreation programs and facilities in Texas, as well as an indication of visitor use reported by individual agencies. The purpose of the analysis is to ialustrate the importance of outdoor recreation in Texas and the contribution of various agencies, rather than to determine the quality of recreation programs in the state. Presented first is an examination of outdoor recreation on federal government lands in Texas including those administered by the National Park Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Forest Service, and U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Following this is a description of state government lands administered by the Texas Park and Wildlife Department, Texas Forest Service, and Texas River Authorities. Information is also givPn for lakes under jurisdiction of water districts, municipalities, and counties. Numerous tables provide statistics on each area regarding name, location, facility description, recreation opportunities, administering agency, acreage, and 1966 attendance. The data were obtained directly from published reports and records of agencies and generally reflect an accurate description of agency involvement in outdoor recreation. A list of references is appended. (BL) Texas Outdoor Recreation Profile, 6 Federal Government U. S. Department of Interior National Park Service, 8 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 12 U. S. Department of Agriculture U. S. Forest Service, 15 U. S. Deportment of Defense U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 18 State Government Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife Texas State Parks, 23 .Texas State Wildlife Management Arcas, 29 River Authorities in Texas, 33 Lakes Under Jurisdiction of Water DistrictMunicipalities and Counties Water Districts, 35 Municipalities, 36 Covnties, 36 References Newspapers and Magazines, 41 Reports, 41 Publications, 41 Brochures, 42 Maps, 43

TABLES Table 1Major Governmrntal Agencies and Fuletions Relating to Outdoor Recreation Areas in Texas, 6 Table 2.Areas Administered by the National Parh Semice 11 Table 3National Wildlife Refuges in Texas, 14 Table 4Existing Recreation Areas Zdnunistered by the U.S. Forest Service, 19 -Table 5Reservons and Reeleation Facilities Administered by the U S Corps of Engineers, 21 Table 6.State Parks Administered by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 26 Table 7.,State Wildlife Management Ames Administeied by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 31 Table 8,Texas Slate Forests,,Administeied by the Texas Forest Service, 32 Table 9.Texas River Authorities and Their Functions, 33 Table 10.Reservoirs Owned and Operated by River Authorities, 34 Table 11.Reservoirs Owned and Operated by Water Districts, 37 Taba 12.' Reservoirs Under Jurisdiction of Municipalities and Counties, 39 1 .1 ,11111qitgi'.1 1

1 4 I

Thisstudy represents aninventoryof major government, non-urban outdoor recreation programs and facilities in Texas, aswellas an indication of visitor use reported by individual agencies.The information was obtained directly from published reports and records of agencies to assure accurate and useful data.Figures on land and water acreage administered by particular agencies reflect generally an accuratedescriptionof agencyinvolve- ment.However,thevisitationfigures reported have been obtained by various techniques and have more value from the standpointofcollectivepressure,past. trends and popularity of specificareas, ra therthan actuala t tenda ncea tthese areas.The purpose of this analysis is to illustrate the importance of outdoor recreation in Texas and the contribution of various agencies, rather than to determine the quality of recreation programs in the state. The Department of Recreation and Parks at Texas AgeN1 University has collected basic data and is maintaining files as a part of on-going research; consequently this report will be updated periodically as new data become available. Numerous individuals representing agencies on the federal, state and local levels,assistedinthisstudy. Special thanks are given to these personnel and individuals of the Department of Recrea- tion and Parks for their suggestions and encouragement, and to members of the Texas Water DevelopmentBoardfor assistance throughout the study. TEXAS OUTDOOR RECREATION STATISTICS

POPULATION. A 61percent increasc in 5 population in the last 25 years. Demand forcertainkindsof outdoorrecreation areas and facilitiesduring thelast 25 years grew many times faster than population.Will demand continue at this rate?

PASSENGER VEHICLE REGISTRATION 1955-1965 PASSENGER VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS show 5 - recreation demand. Nationwide,recreational travel was the most popular outdoor d 4 recreationactivityin1960. Texas has more miles of inter-state highway than any other state and ranks fifth in the nation in automobile registrations_ 3 1955 1960 1965 19170

OUTBOARD MOTOR sales nationally have 007001010 MOTORS IN USE TEXAS BOAT REG15TRATI (NATIONWIDE ,1960-1965 increased 5 times faster than the rate of 1W-196G population increase in the past 25 years. 31% INCREASE 258% INCREASE 200 BOAT REGISTRATIONS in Texas have increased 4 times, faster than population during thp past five years_Registration figures do not include all boots operated by residents. What are the carrying capaci- , ties of Texas lakes?Is water access at reservoirs adequate to meet the demand? 1950 1960 1960 1963 1966

CAMPING participation is increasing faster thanfacilities can be deyeloped. As Texas STATE PARE CAMPERS TEXAS TOURIST DUSINEsS 1963-1960 1961-1965 becomes More urbanized, more residents 7g 70EL seek the butdoors: Can we protect our 386 INCREASE 5

naturalresource's- from- sitedeteribration 2700 500 resulting from overuse of facilities?, t2 715 INCREASE TEXAS:TOURISM INCOME ,was $400 mil- A 500_ -81300 lioncs 'reportedby the TexasTourist in 1961, and inceeasea to well 1963 1965 1961 1963 196-9 oVei ,$).-billion in 1966;Recreation is big busin9s.

UNTING,, is pnioyecl_by. 743,600 people. HUNTING LICENSE SALES FISHING LICERSE SALES 1968-1965 njJmerisincreasing Haw.-,many 1957-1966

GSA INCREASE ilegjOation:vvere, pa'ssed: to, ,rnakeithe cost Unling,iTiote: -bead-tali " 300 INCREASE

9 6 1050 An AnalysiOutdoorRecreationon Government Lands in Texas DAVID J. REED AND LESLIE M. REID*

Parks and Wildlife Department, OUT'DOOR RECREATION growthin Texas this program has represents a dramatic change in social behavior, led to two important developments. and is becoming a vitalpart in total utilization of First,theParks and WildlifeDepartment, land and water resources. throughitsresearch and planning division, has The change characterizesthe age growing developedacomprehensive outdoorrecreation numbers of people with increasing plan, tvhich will be a contiquingstuAy of avail- affluence in able and needed recreational income, mobility and leisure time.Interaction of opportuWties.Sec- these factors has caused strikinggrowth in recrea- cndly, the Bureau of OutdoorRecreation appor- tion demand, and Texas hasa uniqueness in its tioned to the state in 1966Over $3 million which land of contrasts and variety,providing a wide was used to expand and improvestate facilities range of recreation opportunities. and help finance the developmentof municipal and county parks and recreationareas and several An analysis of current statisticsort population recreation sites on reservoirsoperated by state growth, vehicle and boat registrations,license sales river author' ies. and tourism business indicates the increasing rec- Impact of this reation pressure.These figures show anunprece- la ogram. has been threefold. dented increase inmoney spent by Texans and (1) The 50-50 funding aspect ofthe program has out-of-state tourists for outdoor recreation. encouraged local governmene,to seek matching Efforts funds. to meet this surging demandare evidenced by the (2)This program has been asource of $75 million state park bondprogram passed in needed funds at both thestate and local level. 1967 to expand It e state parksystem over the (3)It has encouraged bothstate and local recrea- next 10 years; the recent addition of lour tion planning.The Land and Water Conserva- areas tion Fund Program should administered by the National ParkService;the continue as a bright expansion of U.S. Forest Servicerecreation devel- spot in Texas outdoor recreation development. opments on the national grasslands andnational Not only is more Texas land shiftinginto pub- forests; the intensive Civil WorksProgram by the lic recreational use, butan important effect has Corps of Engineers; increased budgetsof County been the development of ruralsubdivisions into and municipal governments forrecreation develop- formerly open, undeveloped landoften having ment; the rising number of units of localgovern- intrinsic scenic and recreationalqualities.The ment budgeting for recreation asa legitimate func- trend toward both "second tion; and more and homes" and perma- more private involvement in nent residences in better planned subdivisionscon- recreation as a business operation.Today, about tinues, as lake communitiesare developed around 3,200,000 acres of land andwater are administered major reservoirs, .mall watershedprojects and in Texas for outdoor recreation byfour federal farm ponds. agencies, the Parks and WildlifeDepartment, river authorities and special waterdistricts. These Other private lands are yieldinga variety of resources, however, represent degrees of develop- recreation opportunities, rangingfrom vacation ment for recreation activities. farms to lavish guest ranches;campground and picnic areas to huntingpreserves; and Six Flags One of the strongest incentives fordeveloping over Texas toe Houston Astrodome.In addi- outdoor recreation areas in Texashas been the tion, thousands of supportiveservices offer food, Land and Water ConservationFund program. lodging, entertainment andtourist services. Administered by the Bureau of OutdoorRecrea- tion, U. S. Department of Interior,and the Texas Providing public outdoor recreationareas and facilities is recognized asa major function of fed- *Former instructor, and professor and head,Deparmient of eral, state and local Recreation and Parks. Texas maw University. government in Texas.This responsibility becomesmore significant when ana- 5 lyzing land and water ownership patterns of the In 1966, nearly 34 million visits were made to state. the 20 Corps of Engineers' reservoirs in Texas Most of the natural rewurce base in Texas is six-fold increase in14 years.In 1966, approxi- privately owned.Ninety-five percent of the land mately 131 major reservoirs existed in the state, area and much of the high-quality shorelines of the with a total surface area of 1,157,000 acres at the Gulf Coast and inland waters fall in this category. top of the conservation poois. An additional nine Texas is one of the few states in the Southwest seservoirs under construction atthat time were that originally had no federally owned territory planned to inundate 243,000 acres.Completion within thestate.The federal government has of these reservoirs will bring the total to 1,400,000 now acquired about 2.9 million acres(1.8% of surface acres of water in 140 reservoirs at normal the state's total land area) .For comparison, 44% operating levels. By 1990, it is predicted that 38 of the /and area of California is federally owned. new reservoirswill create a total surface area of over 1 million acres of watera 71 percent The state itself possesses very little of th -. total increase. land area. Other than several million acres granted to educational institutions, most of the acreage How well public agencies capitalize on the owned by the state is administered by the Texas recreation benefits of these impoundments by ac- Parks and Wildlife Department, several state river quiring adequate lands, developing and managing authorities, the Texas Forest Service and the Texas facilities,maintaining water quality, promoting Highway Department.Thirty-five percent of this tourist and resort developments and preventing undesirable land use adjacenttothe projects acreage is water. remains to be seen. With resources so scarce, public agencies must administer and develop public landstoassure optimal use.Such a land and water ownership situationallowstheimaginative privateland- Texas Outdoor owner to develop profitable facilities that are not Recreation Profile in the scope of government responsibility. Outdoor rgcreationareas and programsin Development of water resources throughout the Texas are as Varied as the state's natural resources. state has likely contributed more to Texas' recrea- All levelr of governmentfederal, state, county tion climate than any other single public resource and cityhave assumed roles in providing out- development program.As a result of these new door recreation areas and facilities.Table 1illus- reservoirs and impoundments, Texans have be- trates the diversity of public efforts in recreation come water-recreation conscious. throughout Texas.

Table -1.-Major governmental agencies and functions relating to outdoor recreation grecs in Texas.

:GoVernrnent;-agency, or cammission General fUnctions

Government DePciitr'rent of:A4riculture Directs agricultUral and forestry programs.Admin- -,,Xorest Service., risters a:multiple-use program far national forest 75;295'-aCrei resources, and,- graSsJandi, including recreation, tirriber pracluction,, gtazing, _watershed, management fricisiespbrisibilitiesf.fae: VarioUS civil workS ,functions. Plans ,-,and:f.:.-ceonstlfUctsW.atet,..;resoutce: deVelop- =Motif- ProjeCts;:'DeVelopv'and' adrninisters 'neiVigationpoviier, reerea- tion and water .*PPI rce,k,program-& ttatiOrpli-'7`r,parks,.:onenational sea- a' national

crefgges' for conserva- u oarrecreatien.

6 Table 1.Continued Government agency or commission General functions Department of State Directs various resource programs. International Boundary & Water Plans and constructs water resource development Commission projects on international waters. 67,000 acres of surface w ter

StateGovernment Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (1) Develops and administers state parks, recreation 61,236 acres parks areas, historic parks and sites. 146,327 acres wildlife area s (2) Manages state wildlife management areas for game and fisheries studies, outdoor classrooms and as demonstration areas. Texas Forest Service Manages state forests as demonstration areas; pro- -6,943 acres tects private forestland from forest fires, insects and diseases; carries on educational programs; develops limited outdoor recreation facilities. Texas Hi torical Survey Committee Provides for surveying, recording, designating and preserving of Texas historic sites.Selects state historicsites,erectsofficial markers; provides advice and counsel to county agencies, and local asso,iations. Texas High ay Deparment nages 900 roadside parks and rest areas along highways; develops boat launching ramps; main- tains tourist information centers; constructs state parroa s. River Authorities 13 state river authorities vary in purpose and 435 632 acres of surface water authority, but generally have broad powers for 39,656 land acres watershed management and 'river basin development. Several authorities administer reser- voirsformultipleuse,includingnavigation, power, recreation and water supply.

SpecialWater Distrkts Municipal Water Districts Approximately 27 water districts owned and operated Municipal Water Authorities reservoirs of 500 surfaces acres and over in 1967. Water Supply Districts Although generally the purpose of these im- Navigation Districts poundments is water supply, a few have devel- Water Power- Control Districts oped_areas for outdoor recreation. These districts Water Control and Improvement Dlitricts vary in function and powers Water IMprovement Districts (168,800 acres, of , surface rivater over 500 acres)- 15,641 land acres

Counties , ,-Thle''reicai'-°0arkiisins144/Ildlife',Clopprin=ient;-In1967- repartee several coUntieS-in'thie-"state::mOintaihed some pe;- "ofit9'9inty ' parkcind; tpereation-:sYsten=t;.totaliing 26,785 acres. of ,land-,and /water.: "MonageMent of _ -county :to--,Countyineluding Cornmiisidners 'caurtiiiadrks =6'nd:recreation detoPrt-. in-prits;:;joie,e;dty;-tounty,comih4sfon_i cfrid.4deFiartinents,_ CountY °Aiid ';direitOrs46es., rOac11-idepart-: Monts. 'unctions ::voty Iromr basic.,ObjectiVes- of, Oyeieivoiion of riatyral reiources to ,develOpMe:Oft:al:O=VOrietYOf'-teCie'ationfaCilitipi:1: These=`progratni maY:'-egrVe the needs of one or two,ConirkunItiekiNOttiin-,-p;:CournykO,ii,an:-entiie, regioncil;popaation: -A few-counties kavedevel- oped Wafer impOuridments for recreation'.

7 Cities Of the 13 major metropolitan citiesof Texas has approximately 66 citiesof 10,000 or more population. established park and recreation department,Of the remaining 53 cities, 100,000 and over, each has an administer basic recreation programs or some do not have specializeddepartments, while others do not Some municipalities, with no separatedepartment to administer recreation,do maintain park facilities. services divisions, water and otherpublic so through city managersoffices, school districts, municipal commissions.Programs under these types ofadministration works departments, city :ouncils and city organized summer recreation progieems vary from Maintaining afew acres of park land and structuring to the providing of a broad rangeof pork and recreation services. agencies have assumed theresponsibility of providing a broad program Cities with specialized recreation school-park com- These include developmentof a system of neighborhood parks, of recreation services. laige urban parks, a wide varietyof organized recreation pro- binations, community centers, playfields, parks, nature centers, grams and numerous specialactivities. Larger departments operate zoological garden centers, goif courses,fairgrounds, swimming pools, muse- hiking and biking trails, arboretums, Many departments maintainpark- ums, activity centers(tennis, organized baseball, etc.) andstadiums, ways, boulevards and floodplains. departments have developed large outdoorrecreation areas with- A few municipal park and recreation Many of these areas are adjacent in their urban areassome ofwhich are located outside citylimits impoundments and include facilitiesand recreation opportunitiestraditionally found to municipal water Currently, approx'rnately 40 municipalimpound- in federal,tete, regional and county recreation areas. Approximately 19,977 land ments over 500 acres in sizehave a combined surface acreageof 143,304. acres have been setaside for parks and recreation.

One summer day in the first year ofoperation FEDERAL at Sanford Recreation Area nearAmaril'3, 48,000 visitors were counted.The total 1966 attendance GOVERNMENT was well over I million.One development cor- U.S. DEPARTMENT OFINTERIOR poration predicts mass developinent,tourism and fringe industries will lure $255 millioninto the National Park Service recreation area within 5 years. The National Park Service hasexpanded its Anustad Reservoir, an international projectof programs in Texas.With the recent establish- largest ment: of the GuadalupeMountains Na tional Park, the U.S. and Mexico, will be the sixth and S.Fnford and water impoundment in the state.Odessa, Mid- Padre Island NationaT Seashore major AmistactNational RecreationAreas,.hePark land, San Angelo and San Antonio are Service now administerssevenareas,totalling metropolitan areas located within driving distance 948,000 acres. The new areas represent adiversity of the clam on the Rio Grande. of recreation opportunities and resources.Accel- Padre Island is one of thecountry's few remain- erated Park Service efforts to developand inter- ing seashores unaltered by commercialdevelop- pret these parks andrecreation areas should make ment.This area should become an outstanding a vital contribution tothe Texas recreation system. year-round spot for water sports and a fascinating located textbook source for geologists and nature-lovers. The two national recreation areas are 152,000 on major reservoirsSanford in the Panhandle The first year of operatio, more than and Amistad in Southwest Texas.Both provide visits were made to the Seashore. recreation opportunities needed in apreviously Big Bend's popularity grows, also.Long-range water-starved,parchedregion,stretchingfrom plans call for developing the park as a summer Amarillo to Del Rio.National recreation areas and winter-use area.This park is one of the are distinguished fromnational parks inthat wilderareasofnationalsignificance. Superb preservation of natural wonders is moreimportant mountain vistas, the flowering desert and inter- in parks than in recreation areas.Consequently, nationalflavorare dramatic qualitiesofthis Big Bend National Park is adminiqered to assure 700,000-acre wilderness. that inherent values of the area areleft unim- paired. At Sanford Recreation Area, moreempha- Overgrazing and overhunting threatenedto sis is placed on developing maximumrecreation destroy this fragile area before it was established opportunities without deteriorating the recreaCon as a park. The Park Service continues toexpand resource. facilities with scenic overlooks, neW signs marking

8 AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, 1967

7skikilib- NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

L12.0.4

GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

(LTORTZMO 1' CUTN

UM,. MASU P.EVES ei .j-4*"" FORT DAVS NATIONAL HISTORICAL SITEp....:7t. ..,..10 r' r-:-.71747Lr r--- ,...'. -

i__ _ i7T7- Sep JOSE MISSION STATE AND NATIONAL*

i (HISTORICAL SITE) jKONit UVALDE 1 KtMl. L.' AMISTAO NATIONAL , ---.< RECREATION AREA -,*-i-,- BIG BEND (ON AMISTAD RESERVOIR) --- NATIONAL PARK

WOO

PADRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE!

*San Jose Mission is administered by the Texas Perks and Wildlife Department, in cooperation with the National Park Service, the Archdiocese of San Antonio, the Son Antonio Conservation Society and &mar County.

9 BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK ATTENDANCE, 1955-1965 200

100 -

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965

FORT DAVIS NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE ATTENDANCE, 1963-66 150

1963 1964 1965 1966

points of interest, a new visitor center, lodge and site in West Texas are cited as more extensive and restaurant.Interpretation of the park's history impressive than any other southwestern fort. and national wonders are major efforts to enrich San Jose Mission, San Antonio, a nationally the visitor's stay.Attendance to the area has risen significant historic mission, is administered by the considerably in the past 5 years. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, in coopera- Guadalupe Mountains National Parkisthe tion with the Park Service and local agencies. most recent area established by the Park Service Founded by the Franciscans in 1720, itis often in Texas (1966). It has been described as highly referred to as "Queen of the Missions." significant from a geological and ecological stand- The Alibates Flint Quarries National Monu- point and. ideally suited for outdoor recreation. ment is located on the southern rim of Lake Meri- Once developed, this park should provide unsur- didi in the Panhandle.This facility reveals to passed opportunities for camping, hiking and out- visitors the activities of prehistoric man. door appreciation. A total of 1,685,000 visitor days were counted Remains at the Fort Davis National Hioric at the seven NPS areas in 1966. T ble 2.Areas administered by the National Park Service 1967 1966 Attendance Area Classification Location Description Facilities Acres (visitor days) Big Bend National Park South of Mara--One of thestate's most 708,710 163,550 thon, along the unique areas, with colorful Big Bend of the7 to 8,000 foot mountains, Rio Grande. _floweringdesert plants, magnificent panoramas. Recreation activities include trailriding, hiking, camping,campfiretalks, and photography. Guadalupe National Park East of El Paso Considered an area of out- 77,422 Established Mts. standingsignificangeo- in 1966 - logical values,beautiful scenery, and high=country atmosphere.Development is in planning stages; calls for dramatic interpretation ofgeology,campingin thepinesat 7,800 feet elevation and scenic drives with magnificent roadside overlooks. Ft. Davis National Ft. Davis Old Ft. Davis is rich in his- 460 135,770 Historic Site tory af early Texas. This area is considered to have anexCellent interpretive program. Structures are being rehabilitated and cta- ,bilized arid a visitor_center constructed.

Sanford National North of Nine recreation arecie' have 16,500* _ 3,041,380 Recreation Area Amarillo , been designated surround-. (water) (Reservoir Lake Meredith log frhereservair. Activities constructed, by ,:water sports,:: pic- 24,820- Bureau-:Of nicking and.camping._ Th, (lond) Reclamation) Alibates:Flint QUarries Na- tional - Monument- is -slocat- ed, ,thesouthern perim- ,eter ke Meredith:- Here_ can ,exptare:,the .on-: -rcient]- rUinSof_orehistoric- ;:hian:` o- SIX)1:recreation"-,Drè'as,: are' an npri e -,,Te,);as "- :reservotr.i-

11 Table 2.Continued 1966 Attendance Area Classification Location cription Facilities Acres (visitor days)

Padre National An 80-mile The largest of the nation's 134,00r- 152,430 Island Seashore section of the ..evennational seashores. acres 113-mile island, Windformecl sand dunes, 34,000 stretching from shellbeaches, wintering acquired near Corpus region for waterfowl.Fa- as of 1965 Christi to cilitiesincludecamping, Mexico picnicking, sanitation, provisions for interpretation of the area. Plans callfor additionalr development of bathhouses, beach safety patrols, marinas, interpretive devices, park ranger stations and visitor center. San Jose* State and San Antonio One of the linksinthe 108,638 National greatchainofmissions Historic Site established by theRelig- iou Orders of the Catholic Church in the New World. Grand Totals 947,775 1,685,268 (land)

Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife mpairment of inherent values or primary management goals of the area.With few exceptions, Lands and waters administered by the Bureau not of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, through its system the Bureau discourages recreation which is of wildlife refuges, offer opportunities of national wildlife-oriented.Recreation uses generally are significance for outdoor recreation.The basic authorized which avoid duplication of adequate purpose of the refuges is to provide necessaryhabi- recreational facilities on national, state or local tat for fish and wildlife, including waterfowl pro- forests and parks within a reasonable distance. duction and conservation of migratory birds and The Bureau is preparing a Public Use Manage- ment Plan as a governing policy guidelinefor all big game animals. facets of public use within the refuge system. Each year, millions of waterfowl and other migratory birds visit the refuges, staying a few days Texas refuges vary in development of recrea- to several weeks, depending on themigratory tion and wildlife interpretive facilities.At Mule- characteristics of the species.Most of the refuges shoe, Laguna Atascosa, Santa Ana and Hagerman are located at key points along the greatflyways, Refuges, limited facilities and wildlife interpreta- providing the birds resting and feeding grounds tion are provided.Plans include future develop- otherwise not available due to rapidly disappear- ment at both Aransas and Anahuac Refuges.Buf- ing marsh and wet lands. The refuges also harbor falo Lake Wildlife Refuge is undergoing extensive indigenous wildlife such as deer, bobcat, coyote, development, and a complete wildlife interpreta- ocelot, alligators, javelina, wild turkey, songbirds, tion program is planned. hawks and badgers. Visits to the seven administered areas in the Seven national wildlife refuges in Texas total state totalled 680,000 in1966. i29,000 acres.The Santa Ana Refuge in South Refuge Visits Texas, known as "the gem of the National Wild- Hagerman 312,646 life System,"iswell known for Mexican birds Buffalo Lake 283,661 rarely found elsewhere in the United States.The Aransas 46,185 Aransas Refuge provides the winter home for the Laguna Atascosa 18,900 world's remaining whooping crane population. Santa Ana 13,859 Recreation opportunities are provided at the Muleshoe 3,500 national wildlife refuges where they will enhance Anahuac 966 visitor enjoyment of the wildlife resource without Total 679,717

12 i3i NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES ADMINISTERED BY THE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, 1967

I .412W.

BUFFALO LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

M.01 ea..Thed WRIMM HAGERMAN NATI ONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

MULESHOE NATIONAL""ig"" W I DL I FE REFUGE KEW MOM.

7 Ok1.

rk MiOnlra I mAYritt tiaWIUMP

mod. M.S.. COT MID,arte

ARANSAS NATI ONAL WI LDLI FE REFUGE PATWILIO

LAGUNA ATASCOSA NATIONAL SANTA ANA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE WI LDLI FE AEFUGE

13 14- Table 3.National wildlife refuges in Texas -1967

Aren Location Description Facilities 'Acres 1966 Attendance (visits)

Anahuac National 18 miles souheas Excellentopportunitiestoobserve Wildlife Refuge of Anahuac waterfowl and water birds in season. Sightseeing, nature observation and photographing.Visitor facilities limited to primitive roads.Public hunting pending appi-oval.

Aransas National 7milessouth a Wintering ground for the rare whoop- Wildlife Refuge Austwell ing cranes (48 in 1967).A host of other wildlifeattractions,including alligator, lavelina, wild turkey, white- taildeer and assorted speciesof waterfowl.Sightseeing, nature observation, hiking and photography.

Buffalo Lake 31 mil, southwest Fishing, boating, water skiing, swim- 7,677 283,611 National of Amarillo ming, camping, picnicking and na- Wildlife Refuge ture photography. Vast concentra- tions of waterfowl.No hunting.

Hagerman South of Lake Wooded, hilly uplands, marshes and 11,430 312,646 National Texoma swamps prove attractive to herons = Wildlife Refuge and other marsh birds. Songbirds well repreiented.Picnic areas.Fish- ing and boating permitted April 1 through Septeniber '30:Hunting not perm itted.

. Laguna Atascosa .25 miles northeastTour roads, trails and blinds for na- -44,700 i 8,900 National of San Benito ture -study, photography, and sight- Wildlife:.Refuge seeing. Fishing, boating, camping. Mainly wintering area for ducks and. ":geese.NO,hunting:.

Muleshoe ',-Sandhill,cranesi,-,migrataryy..lsongtair - _ . 3,500, 140,(970fr" "geese Five m les', of refuge'Troa a -Wildlife' Refuge ,opert,,to,-pu,ic,travel., untin-

tan, '679,667

14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Corps of Engineers and the U.S.F.S.A total of U.S. Forest Service 32 sites have been selected by the Service. On the Texas sideof Tolcdo Bend, seven The U.S. Forest Service administers four na- r,creation areas are planned by the U.F.S., while tional forests, comprising658,000 acres in the piney the Sabine River Authority also plans to develop woods of East Texas, and 117,000 acres of national facilities in other portions of the national forest. grasslands inthe Panhandle and North Texas. In the Davy Crockett Fotest, four areas have been Lands are administered by this federal agency developed;inthe Sam Houston Forest,three under the Multiple Use Act of 1960, the central recreation areas and one scenic area. theme of which is "management of all the various renewable surface resources of the national forests The San Jacinto River Authority and the City so that they are utilized in the combination that of Houston will construct a 21,000-acre reservoir, will best meet the needs of the American people." Lake Conroe, in 1968. The upper reaches of this Thus the concepts of conservation and multiple impoundment will inundate a portion of the Sam use constitute the basic philosophy of the Forest Houston National Forest.Plans are to develop Service in managing forests and grasslands for eight recreation areas along the forested shoreline. water, timber, wildlife, range and recreation values. VisitationtothenationalforestsIn1966 totalled 630,000. Recreation resources are available to the public, but must be consistent with the overall man- Forest Visits agement of the forest or grassland.Consequently, Sam Houston 112,300 a major consideration of the USFS is to develop Davy Crockett 181,400 facilities on public lands and prevent overuse of Angelina 238,800 recreation areas which might result in deteriora- Sabine 98,000 tion of the forest or grassland environment. Total 630,500

National Forests.With the construction of the In 1967, more than 2 million visits had been state's two largest reservoirs, both located mostly made to Corps of Engineers and Forest Service within two of the national forests, the U.S. rorest recreationfacilitiesat Sam Rayburn Reservoir, Service has assumed an important role in meeting Out-of-stateprofessionalguidesandfishermen the outdoor recreation demand in Texas.Sam have rated the black bass fishing as among the Rayburn Reservoir, a 114,000 acre impoundment, best in the United States. was constructed by the Corps of Engineers in the heart of the Angelina National Forest.The dam From visitor use data collected in 1966, the was completed in January of 1966.Toledo Bend Forest Service determined recreation participation Reservoir, constructed by the Sabine River Author- by activities and tabulated these percentages: ities of Texas and Louisiana', covers approximately 186,000 acres of bottomland in the Sabine Na- tional Forest and western portioi. of Louisiana. Activity Percentage 34.8 When the expected normal power pool levelis Camping reached this lake will be Texas' largest. Fishing 24.7 Driving for pleasure 12.5 Hunting 11.9 Picnicking 5.3 Because the Forest Service administers 92 miles Swimming 3.0 of forested shoreline on Sam Rayburn and 192 Boat cruising 2.6 miles on Toledo Bend, this agency can provide Hiking 0.9 adequate public access to the reservoir and develop facilities for a broad forest recreation program capitalizing on the values of the forest environ- Hunting pressure has increased on the forests. ment.Currently, five U.S.F.S. recreation areas are Hunting game includesquirrel,deer,rabbit, on Sam Rayburn, with two additional sites under dove, ducks and quail.Seasons and bag limits are construction.The Corps of Engineers has also the same as for other lands in the particular developed recreation facilities on the lake.There county with the exception of two game manage- are 51 potential recreation areas designated by the ment areas that the Forest Service administers.

15 AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1967

BLACK KETTLE RITA BLANCA NATIONAL GRASSLAND NATIONAL GRASSLAND eqkffe.v Ker.3

McCLELLAN CREEK*. NATIONAL GRASSLAND

117. toNCADDO NATIONAL GRASSLAND

Lir/ .410.1?. It too*w ...jams"4tlfar.

±-- CROSS TIMBERS111 _ g NATIONAL GRASSLAND

casTiamo

14,41,1e0

E coLE " DAVY CR

KAGam W., NATIO 7.71 TOIâ-r caismiETT . rmu Wrille lutdae

National Forests Administered by Region 8 Panhandle National Grasslands Administered by Region 3

16 RECREATION AREAS IN THE TEXAS NATIONAL FORESTS, 1967

To Longview RECREATION AREAS IN THE TEXANATIONAL FORESTS . 1967] iSABINE To Dallas To Tyler National Forest

Pales

DAVY CROCKETT National Forest

Walker Sea Jaeinte To Bryan Huntsville LOUISIANA SAM HOUSTON National Forest

. Scenic Area

USFS Recreation areas Proposed Lake Conroe irottgomery (21,000 surface acres) * USFS Recreation areas proposed To Houston To Houston To Beaumont or under construcflon

LAKL MARVIN - 65 ACRE LAKE THOMPSON GROVE ----1-Iiii, - 10 ACRES DEV. FACILITIES RECREATION AREA 4±7+÷

- ACRE LAKE - 49 ACRES GEV. FACIL. FANNIN - (OPERATED BY CONCESSIONAIRE) RECREATION AREAS 47 ACRE LAKE .-r--17---..,...r..,,....rot..... NO DEV. FAC. IN THE _I_ COFFEE MILL LAKE ..i. --__...;:L750ACRE LAKE; 6 ACRES BEV. FA PANHANDLE --il--2-.---I'-'n -t--- -f-----4-771----tT: LAKE-DAVY CROCKETT NATIONAL [IBLACK CREEK LAKE - 30 ACRE LAKE-a, -. A. GRASSLANDS - 4 ACRES DEV. FACIL,...TP (OP. BY CON6 44.7-7L..;....1L...... "7" 1967

17 National Grasslands.The five Panhandle Na- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE tional Grasslands in Texas represent 117,000 acres of former dust bowl lands administered by U.S.F.S. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Under authority of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Ten- The United States Army Corps of Engineers ant Act, these areas are a part of the National is charged by Congress with responsibility for con- Forest System permanently held by the Depart- struction, improvement and maintenance of the ment of Agriculture.As stated by D. C. Stevens, nation's harbors and navigable waterways.The forest supervisor, "it is intended that these lands be Corps also is responsible for flood control, water administered under sound and progressive princi- conservation, shore protection and other water ples of land conservation and multiple use, pro- resource development.The Corpsisauthorized moting the development of grassland agriculture, to construct and permit construction, operation sustained yield of forage, fish,wildlife,timber, and maintenance of public parks and recreation water and recreation resources." facilities on government-owned lands at water re- As soil fertility was built up and grass stands source development projects, under jurisdiction of established, ranchers began to utilize the forage the Corps of Engineers. grown on these dust bowl lands.In 1963, some A total of 23 Corps reservoir projects were 300 ranchers used these areas for grazing.Experi- developed in Texas by 1967, with a combined sur- ments to develop pine stands on Caddo National face acreage of 488,000 at the conservation pool Grassland in North Texas have been successful. level.Around the perimeter of these reservoirs, Indications are that tree farming may be profit- over 70,000 acres of shoreline are set aside for able in that area. public outdoor recreation.Other federal, state As another part ofits multiple-use program, and local governmental agencies are encouraged the Forest Service over the last 10 years has spent to develop and operate public park facilities.In over $1,200,000 of appropriated funds to maintain 1966, of the 233 developed park sites, 31areas and improve recreation opportunties for visitors were maintained and operated by state and local on Texas grasslands.Five impoundments, con- government. structed during the late 1930's, have been improved Sam Rayburn Reservoir, a 114,000 acre im- within the last 5 years.Recreation facilities have poundment,isthe second largest artificiallake been provided at four of these impoundments, in the state.Of the 51 designated recreation sites, Lake Davy Crockett, Coffeemill Lake, Lake Mar- 19 have been planned for development by the vin and Lake McClellan.Concessionaires operate Corps.Ten of these sites are now in operation. at Lake McClellan and Lake Davy Crockett with Lake Texoma, a major reservoir on the Oklahoma- obligationstomaintainrecreationareasand Texas border, has 48 public sites with 27 developed improvements. for public use by the Corps. Recreation facilities also have been developed Most of the lakes developed by thisfederal at four floodwater retention impoundments, con- agency arc near major population centers.Water structed on the grasslands by the Soil Conserva- recreation benefits of these projects have been tion Service. recognized through extensive planning and development.Thus the Corps of Engineers plays a Nearly all of the National Grasslands are open vital role in meeting the growing outdoor recrea- to hunting under state game regulations. tion demand in the state.Objectives in marshal- ling the recreation values of reservoirs include In1966,approximately317,000visitswere preservation of the natural scenic beauty of shore- made to the Panhandle National Grasslands, lines.Consideration also is given historic and archeological resources.Public-use areas generally Grassland Visits have parking areas, overlooks, picnic areas, tent Black Kettle 147,500 and trailer campgrounds, sanitary facilities, swim- McClelland Creek 120,000 ming beaches, multiple-lane concrete boat launch- Cross Timbers 4,700 ing ramps and boat docks.Organized camps are Caddo 41,800 also developed on project land by cooperating Rita Blanco governmental agencies and youth organizations. Total 314,000 In 1966, approximately 34,600,000 total visits were made to Corps reservoirs.Lake Texoma, Almost a million visits were made to recrea- Lake 0' the Pines and Whitney Reservoir are tion areas in grasslands and forests, administered among the most popular water recreation attrac- by the U.S.F.S. in 1966. tions. 18

,9. Table 4.Existing recreation areaadministered by the U. Fore tervice 1967

1966 Attendance Area Location Description Facilities Acres (visits) National Forests 658,000 630,500 Sam Houston San Jacinto, 158,233 112,300 National Forest Walker, Mont- gomery Counties Double Lake North of ClevelandOn theshoreof25-acrelake. 25 Camping,picnicking,swimming, fishing. Southeast of Picnicking. Huntsville Stubblefield Lake Southwest of Camping, picnicking, fishing. 10 Huntsville Thicket North of ClevelandScenic area, 2 miles af foot trails, 1,100 connects the Double Lake Recrea- tion Area. Davy Crockett Houston, Trinity 161,566 181,400 National Forest Counties Neches Bluff Northvvest of Camping, picnicking. 8 Lufkin Ratcliff Lake West of Lufkin On theshoreof60-acrelake. 43 Camping,picnicking,swimming, fishing, hiking'. Kickapoo Northwest of Picnicking. 4 Livingston Holly Bluff Southwest of Camping, picnicking, booting, fish- 3 Lufkin ,ing on The Neches River. Angelina National San Augustine, 154,392 238,800 Forest Angelina, Tyler, Jasper -Counties Letney On -Scam RaYburn Camping,picnicking,swimming, 21 ReserVair,--wesr, boating, fishing, water skiing. ' side near darn- . -Caney Creek Qn Sam Royburn = tarnping,picniCking,, swimming ReieNoir' w6'if boating, 'fiShi9g1 viiater side

.-Sandy Cree_k , Rayburh icnicking, swimrnin esie'foir Ault?'" ,Lake pirizipicnickin Woodville of.

,aWns,en neSEI ,r-Rayfi east

-19 Table 4.Continued

1 966 Attendance Area Location Description ---- facilities Acres (visits)

Harvey Creek On Sam Rayburn Camping,picnicking,swimming, 19 Reservoir, east boating, fishing, water skiing. side Sabine National Sabine, San 183,844 98,000 Forest Augustine, Shelby Counties Boles Field Northeast of Camping, picnicking. Nacogdoches Patroon Creek East of Picnicking, fishing, Nacogdoches Red Hills Lake Southeast of 17-acre lake. Cannping, picnicking, 21 Nacogdoches lwirnming, fishing.

National Grasslands 117,260 14,000 Rita Blanco 77,183 National Grassland Thompson Grove Dcillam County, Picnicking. Recreation Area Northwest of Texline Black Kettle 576 147,500 National Grassland Lake Marvin Hemphill County, Water sports, camping, picnicking 10 27,500 east of Canadian and hunting.Facilities developed on a 65-acre lake. McClellan Creek 1,449 120,000 National Grassland

Lake McClellan Gray County, -, Water sports, -camping, picnicking , 49. 120,000 (operated by east of Groom and hunting.Facilities developed conceisionaire) on a 405-acre lake. Cross Timbers, 20,323 National -Grassland .Black Creek,Lake WiSe,County, Water- sports, camping, picnicking , north of Decatur and hunting on a 30-acre lake.' Ciaddii4slational-' 17;729_7:- -41;80(1 GrciAlónd

71 , CORPS OF ENGINEERS RANKING BY SIZE RESERVOIRS, 1967 1.Sam Rayburn 13.Waco 2.Texama 14.Stillhouse Hollow 3.Texarkana 15.San Angelo 4.Garza-Little Elm 16.Navarro Mills 5.Lake 0 the Pines 17.Proctor 6.Whitney 1 8.Seabrook 7.Dam 8 19,Bardwell 8.Somerville 20.Hordes Creek 9.Lavon 21.Caddo Lake 10.Canyon 22 Pat Mayse (under construction) 11.Belton 23.Wallisville (under construction) 12.Grapevine 24.Barker (flood retention only) 25,Addicks (flood retention only)

Presently, a study is underway to determine if 21 flood control projects are economically justi- fied.These investigations are authorized by Con- gress for stated localities and for specific purposes at the request of local interests.Two reservoirs are under constructiom

Allreservoirs are stocked regularly with a variety of game fish by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.Hunting in parks or on game refuges is prohibited. In some cases, arrange- ments may be made at area headquarters to hunt on other lands and waters of the reservoirs.

;-4.4TKI.:W;31: dgedctatiti -0.1e*ir

22 Table 5.Continued Number public 1966 Surface recreation Land Administering Attendance Reservoir acres sites acres agency (visits)

4 Garza-Little Elm 23,280 21 5,349 U.S.A.E. (17) 2,166,500 Reservoir City of Farmers Branch City of Denton City of Lewisville City of Frisco 5. Lake 0 the Pines 20,000 15 U.S.A. E. 4,300,000 6. Whitney Reservoir 15,800 19 7,582 U.S.A.E. (14) 3,377,100 Whitney State Park (TPWD) Hil I County (2) City of Whitney City of Morgan 7. Dorn B 13,700 7 1,718 U.S.A. E.(5) 882,400 Martin Dies State Park (TPWD) Jasper County Park 8. Somerville Reservoir 11,460 8 2,905 U.S.A. E. 9. Lavon Reservoir 11,080 11 1,204 U.S.A.E. (5) 2,376,900 City of Rockwall Ga rland and Wylie City of Plano City of McKinney City of Princeton City of Farmersvi Ile 10. Canyon_ Reservoir 8,240 6 1,566 U.S.A E. 956,000 11. Belton Reservoi r 7,400 13 3,268 U.S.A. E.(6) 1,793,200 City of Belton City of Temple (2) City of Rogers City of Killeen Bell Cownty McGregor Civil Ent. 12: Grapevine Reservoir 7,380 12 U.S.A.E. (9) 2,389,800 City of Roanoke City of Grand Prairie City- of Grapevine - 3,635 U.S.A.E. _, , 1,151,500 U.S.A.E. __ 3,760 512,900 .`Green Co.- U.S.A.E.(3) 4101,500 445,330 1,849,400 - -286,400 201,000

2 3 Table 5.Con inued Nurnber public 1966 Surface recreation Land Administering Attendance Reservoir acres sites acres agency (visits) 21. Caddo Lake 32,700 Caddo Lake State Park (TPWD) 22. Pat Mayse 5,993 Under Construction 23. Wallisville 19,700- Under Construction 24. Addicks 16,780 Bear Creek Park (flood (Harris Co.) retention' only) 25. Barker 17,225 (flood retention on:y) Grand Totals 487,988 281 69,643 34,569,900 acquired in the past have been donated, state STATE facilities have not always been located with respect GOVERNMENT to where people live.The report described the lack of an ongoing land acquisition program to TEXAS-IMPARTMENT 91' meet a pressing demand and the absence of a PARKS thin 'Nric..puy],_ strong development program to assure quality out- Texas State Parks door recreation facilities.The result of thispub- Texas' 59 state parks and recreation areas arc lic information program whichclearly advocated administered by the P7rks and Wildlife Depart- strengthening of the state's responsibility, resulted ment, under the direction of a three-member com- in the citizenry approving a $75 million bond mission. Five of these areas have been recom- program in 1967 to expand and improve the state naended for divestment because they do not meet park system during the next decade.Combined the criteria of statewide significance.Texas has effect of these recent developments has been form- a combined total of 61,236 acres of state park land ulation of a recreation policy on the part of the or about 6 acres for every 1,000 residents.About Parks and Wildlife Department, as both supplier 26 percent of this acreage is water. of recreation opportunities on state land and as comprehensive planner and coordinator ofthe Severalrecentdevelopmentshaveclarified total outdoor Texas recreation system. the role of the Parks and Wildlife Department. Through the State of Texas Comprehensive Out- Objectives in the state park program include door Recreation Plan (1965) an analysis was made development of state recreation areas within short of the statewide outdoor recreation program, in- driving time of major Texas urban centers,to cluding the efforts of all public and private agen- preserve the more outstanding natural areas of the cies.An additional responsibility has been ad- state and to designate and set aside areas of state- ministration of the Land and Water Conservation wide historical significance. Fund program, involving the review of applications for matching funds to develop recreation facili- StateRecreationAreas.Twenty-ninestate ties.The Department has thus become a central recreation areas, totaling 33,000 acres, are desig- natedas"user-oriented"developments.These coordinator of all suppliers of recreation in the areas provide for active and diversified outdoor state. recreation.Where sufficient acreage is available, In a report to the Governor and the people natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries are included, ofTexasinJanuary 1967,theDepartment and the departmentisplanning an expanded described critical problems preventing the agency. program of nature trails and interpretation.The as the primary state body supplying outdoor recre- Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan calls for more of ation opportunities, from developing an adequate these areas to be located, where possible, within2 state park system.Since most of the park lands hours driving time of one or more urban areas. 23 24 TEXAS STATE PARK SYSTEM, 1967

LEGEND

Recreation Areas IIIIScenic Parks A Historic Areas Recreation Areas with Water Impoundments a Scenic Park with Water Impoundments

zei: or

115,811

SOILEIC.M.

tuTTC.I

SCENIC PARKS 14.Possum Kingdom 30.Lake Corpus Christi 44. Lyndon B. Johnson 1.Palo Duro Canyon 15.Abilene 31. Goose Island 45.Mission Tejas 2. Monahans Sandhills 16.Cleburne 32.Falcon 46. San Jacinto Battleground 3.Davis Mountains 17.Lake Brownwood 33.Tyler 47.Stephen F. Austin 4.Caddo Lake 18.Meridian 34.Balmorhea 48. Varner-Hogg Plantation 5.Longhorn Cavern 19.Lake Whitney 35.Big Spring 49.Washinglon-on-the-Brazos 6.Bastrop 20,Fort Parker 36.Blanco 50.Acton 7_ Palmetto 21.Mother Neff 37.Lockhart 51. Alamo 8.Bentsen - Rio Grande 22.Inks Lake 38.MacKenzie 52.Battleship Texas 9.Brazes Island 23.Huntsville 53.Eisenhower Birthplace 24.Martin Dies, Jr. HISTORICAL AREAS 54.Fannin Battleground RECREATION AREAS 25.Buescher 39.Fort Griffin 55.General Zaragoza Birthplace 10. Eisenhower 26.Kerrville 40. Gonad 56. Monument Hill 11. Bonham 27.Garner 41.Gov. Hogg Shrine 57.Old Fort Parker 12.Daingerfield 28.Velasco 42.Indianola 58.Port Isabel Lighthouse 13.Atlanta 29.Port Lavaca Causeway 43. Jim Hogg 59.San Jose Mission 24 State Scenic Parks. The nine state scenic parks comprise 25,000 acres or about 40 percent of the total state park acreage.These parks preserve large areas or specific natural features with match- less or outstanding significance.Included in this objective is the preservation of unique ecological TOTAL STATE PARK VISITS, areas and rare or endangered plant or animal 1955-1956 species.Resource preservation is paramount in scenic parks.Development generally is kept to a minimum, with no intrusive encroachments on the natural environment. 11

State Historical Parks and Sites.The 21 State 10 180 % increase 1955 - 1966 historic parks and sites represent some of Texas' most unique historical areas of statewide significance.These total 2,600 acres.The 10 historic parks include enough land for active recreation activities, while the 11historic sites are smaller areas, with sufficient land to protect the site's historic features.These areas represent about 4 L74. percent of the total state park acreage. 7_2 Visitation.Visitation to state parks, recreation areas and historical sites has increased the past few years.While the population of Texas has grown about 12.5 percent the past 5 years, state park visitation has increased 48.5 percent.Visits have increased 180 percent in the last decade. The 1966 attendance at Texas State Parks was 965 1966 10.9 million.Huntsville State Park recorded the 1955 1 6 1957 195 1959 1960 1661 1962 196 1964 largest number of visits with 1,300,000.At Martin Dies, Jr. State Park, over 1 million visits were counted, while other popular areas included Gar- ner State Park, San Jacinto Battleground, Lake Corpus Christi, Inks Lake and Stephen F. Austin Historical Park. Expansion program. The 10-year program for expanding Texas parks calls for addition of 145,000 acres, with land acquisition taking place during the early stages of the program to prevent, rapid escalation of land prices.By categories, the following areasare plannedforacquisition and developmen t. 26 recreation area .... _61,000 acres 14 scenic parks -. 78,715 acres 41 historical areas 5,005 acres 144,720 acres

25 Table 6.State parks administered by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 1967

1966 Attendance Area Loc tion Recreation opportunities Acres (visits) Scenic parks: Palo Duro Near Canyon Camping, picnicking, horseback r1d 15,103 296,686 Canyon ing, concessions. The Pioneer Amphi- theater hosted 63,000 spectatorsin 1966 for the outdoor theater's summer show "Texas."

Davis Near Ft. Davis Camping, picnicking, hiking.Indian 1,869 151,310 Mountains Lodgeisundergoingrehabilitation and expansion.

Monahans Near Manahans Camping, hiking, picnicking, conces- 3,840 113,710 Sandhi Ils siOns, jeep rides on the dunes. Sand- hills Museum serves as an interpretive center.

Caddo Lake 'Near Marshall One of few natural lakes in Texas, 478 60,212 32,700 acres among giant cypress groves.Activities include birdwcitch- ing, waterfowl hunting, fishing, swimming and-boating on a 64-acre lake. Concessions. Longhorn Near Burnet A scenic cave steeped in legend. Con- 708 43,826 Cavern sidered a "treaSure of subterranean b.auty," this resourceisinterpreted by guides.Camping and picnicking. Bastrop Near Bastrop, Prominentlyknownfor its "Lost 2,100 285,948 Pines,'' this is o'ne Of the most signifi=, cant 'biological areaSin 'The_ state.' Loblolly pines cover much Of the park.: An 8mie scenic roadleads from Bastrop- to the Buescher Recreation Area. Facilitie% include tabins camp-,,. around,' imilmniing 'pool -'aneVer nine-

hole golf course,- _ , _ _ Palmetto , Near Luling_ One,:,of ;Texas ;Most:unique ecolOgicalr- 36,740 cOmmunities :of plants--and -animals. Considered -_best t potential-, for -bio.7 logiCal- interpretation_in_thestate. ,.Aetivities include Carnpingi and fishing- (40cres sUrface Water) . Table 6. Cc... tinued 1966 Attendance Area Location Recreation opportunities Acres (visits) Recreation Areas: Tyler Near Tyler Undergoing a $279,000 facelifting. 994 224,374 Activitiesinclude camping, picnicking, fishing, swimming and boating on a- 64-acre lake. Concessions. Eisenhower On Lake Texoma Camping, picnicking and water activi- 450 164,700 near Denison ties on Lake Texorna (91,200 acres). Bonham Near Bonham Camping,picnicking,fishingand 299 137,449 swimming.Development near a 65- acre lake. Daingerfield Near Daingerfield Camping, picnicking, fishing, swim- 550 60,654 ming and boating on an 80-acre lake.' Atlanta Near Queen City Camping, picnicking and water activi- 1,475 30,737 on Texarkana ties on Texarkana Reservoir (34,900 rvoir acres)., Possum Near Caddo Camping, picnicking, fishing, swim- 1,615 45,161 Kingdom mihg, water skiing ant: boating on Possum Kingdom Reservoir(19,800 acres).. Abilene Near Buffalo 'Gap Cariipirig' 'and picniCking facilities; 507 178,218 swimming, pool,._, : Cleburne Near. Cleburne . Camping;L,fishing, picnicking, swirn 498 142,727 11.6.acre lake: . - . Lake Near' _Brownwood Carnpirig,': fishing,Psicnicking,",sWirn, 537 79,336 Brownwood -ming ,. -andboatingan8;000,;.acce Lake Brownw:4390.

Meridian.; pr;;Wrkdiart: ampirjg,: jish1116,_,pienickinggrid: : :461 64,62 _ m0626-14)0, an a - 73-atre - = : ; Lcika.rWhitne ciin'ping,,,e,,p4Cnicking/-'firShing,' 5 223,i 62 '-'`Wrizier;-;'"ikpn,'-andgre-up: camp': 'cititLes1-:an

92,,905 ret;410ingdna-bop ting', on 70)279- 6;786_

27 Table 6.Continued

1966 Attendance Area Location Recreation opportunities Acres (visits)

Buescher Near Smithville Camping,picnicking andfishing 1,729 52,592 activities on a 25-acre lake. Kerrville Near Kerrville Carnping,picnicking,fishingand 497 214,755 swimming on the Guadalupe River. Garner Near Concan A popular area for teenagers. Camp- 630 744,885 ing,picnicking,fishing and swimming on the Frio River. Velasco Near Freeporton Present park acreage consists of strip Gulf Coast between high and low mean tides. TPWD plans to acquire 1,500 acres for recreation facilities, access roads, parkingfacilities,conversionareas and buffer zone. Port Lavaca Near Port Lavaca Fishing only, located on Lavaca Bay. 2 Causeway on Gulf Coast Lake Corpus Near Mathis 'Camping; picnicking, fishing, swim- 14,107 566,037 Christi ming and water skiing on Lake Cor- pus Christi-,(15,500 acres). Goo e Island Near Rockport on Camping,picnicking,fishingand 307 142,521 GUlf toast swimming on the Gulf Coast: Falcon SoutheaSt- ShOte--: of Can-Iping; picnicking, fishing, swim- 572 116,047 rFalcon Reservoir - ,ming, water skiing on Falcon Reser- near, Falcon-,(Inter- -Voir (98,960 acres). 'national Boundary -and Water Com- _ . missiOn projeCi) 860661-Flea Near Toyahville Swimming, picnicking and capin 4.8 , on 573-acre Balrnorhea Lcike.

_ _ Big;prig; Necir Big, Spring Picnicking Only.,S,cenic :overlook. 344, 92,437 eor,filanca COmpiri§, Aaicnicking;-- iishingand 110 166,581

. swimming oh the:Blanco- River.- -icniCking -.oriel. galf:alang-,Ctéar t'ork ,- -70;720 Creek-_, =!.,, -, _ .--, ,Ndea'Perated _by the.'76-icii- pa:At-and = ,1,955,500- WlIdlife,DepOrent. ..,,Si-tes, as lamp, jtsi -pa rk: fear\ LOlibdc-ki'Vesideritii'

11,759

409 15,379

20,072 T ble 6.Continued 1966 Attendance Area Location Receation opportunities Acres (visits) San Jacinto NearDeer Park Battleground museum, World's tall- 440 422,804 Battleground est monLimentlocated here. Stephen F. Near San Felipe Camping, picnicking.Bathllouse and 664 355,749 Austin swimming poolrecently completed Varner-Hogg Near West Museum. 53 41,412 Plantation Columbia Washington-on Near Washington Camping, fishing, picnicking, museum. 71 72,212 the-Brazos

H istorical Sites: Acton Near Grandbury Burial site of Davy Crockett's wife. 006 Alamo San Antonio Not operated by the Parks and Wild- life Deportment. Battleship Texas Deer Park Not operated by the Parks and Wild- life deparment; museum. Eisenhower Near Denison BirthplaceofGeneralEisenhower; 3 39,011 Birthplace museum. Fannin Near Fannin Battleground. 13 14,421 Battleground Gen. Zaragoza Near Goliad Monument only. 3 Birthplace Governor Near QUitman Museum.= 17 76,644 Hogg Shrine Monument Hill Near La Grange A tribute -to men who foUght in de- 16, 108,638 fense of Repliblic of Texas. Near, Groesbeck Fort reitorafon 42,252 Qld Fort. Porker _

PorVIscibel :Near Pori Isabel Lighthouse. 1 ;22,533, -Lighthouse

, San '2,..kise ear -,San AriteiniciAtiseurn.-- 16 108,638 Mission, GroinclTotals;-- 61,236 .10,923,06p

Texas State Wildlife Management Areas State wildlife management areas vary from ways and improved and mechanized farming, which small to large tracts of land strategically located in includes large-scale cultivation of virgin grasslands distinctive vegetative regions.These areas pro- and woodlands.Estimates since 1936 indicate that vide sites for wildlife research and demonstration approximately 6 million acres of prime wildlife of sound wildlife management practices.;Certain habitat were lost.Species most endangered in- areas also serve as refuges for endangered Wildlife clude deer, wildturkey,quail, squirrel, javelina, species, waterfowl feeding and resting grounds and pronghorn antelope, white-winged dove and prairie harvest areas for game surpluses, as dictated by chicken. research and management programs. Nine wildlife management areas in Texas com- Much of the prime wildlife habitat is being bine atotalof 146,327 acres.These wildlife lost to reservoirs, industrial development, high- areas, more than refuges, serveasmultiple-use 29 STATE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AREAS, 1967

GENE HOWE W.M.A. __f_ (5,821 ACRES)

MATADOR W A. I 7n . saeT..

I "" GUS ENGELING W.M.A. (10,941 ACRES)

SIERRA DIABLO 7,791ACRES) J. O. MURPHREE Li__ 1. (8,400 ACRES) -.... cal AM- > KERR W.M.A. HELDON W.M.A. i A (6,493 ACRES) (2,446 ACRES) BLACK GAP W.M-A, - -"" ! I (75,885 ACRES)

11---.....- I 4----

-- I

1001.1 LAS PALOMAS W .M A. (266 ACRES)

areas offering recreation opportunities, as well as chase of seven new areas of 125,000 acres.This providing a laboratory for scientists.Although will bring the total to 374,000 acres in 16 wildlife primarily established for game management and management areas.Of this additional acreage, fisheries research, the wildlife management system much has potential for wilderness types of outdoor demonstrates effects of tested range and livestock recreation, including hiking and primitive camp- and game management practices, serves as an out- ing; observation towers for observing unusual char- door classroom, showcases for wildlife in the natu- acteristics of wildlife; access to rivers, boat storage ral habitat and fieldtrial grounds for hunting and dock facilities; white-water boat trips; and dog enthusiasts. public hunting areas.Although of scenic and Long-range plans, developed by the Parks and recreational values, these areas would be closed Wildlife Department, include expansion of exist- to these uses during periods when game survey ing state wildlife areas by 103,000 acres and pur- and public hunts were in progress. 30

31 Table 7. State ildlife management ars, administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1967 Management Area County Location _ Acres Features and facilities

Black Gap Brewster . 55 miles southeast of 75,885 Representative of rugged mountain Marathon terrain and arid region of Big Bend country,Prin%zipal game species are desertmuledeer,desertbighorn sheep, iavelina, quail- and mourning 'dove: Fishingpermitted in Rio Grande:- -. Gene Howe Hemphill 6 miles east of 5,821 Rolling sandhill pastures with large Canadian natural meadaws bordering Canadian ,River.!Garnerspecies include deer, turkeys `qUail and-pheasant. Gus Engeling Anderson 20 miles n rthwest of 10,941 Post Oak Woods vegetativetype, Palestin along iCatfiSh Creek:. 'Deer, _turkey, quail, :love, squirrel, ,Waterfowl and fish lire_ in_ the creek. J. D. Murphree Jefferson Adjacent to Port 8,400 11 water management compartments, Acres on Highway 73 _in a marsh -trcict of land.Numerous waterfowl. ,- Kerr Kerr 28 miles west of 6,493 -RepresentS a section, of the Edwards Kerrville Plateau'where game:species are wild tUrkey `and deer. Los Palomas Cameron, 20 miles northwest of 266 NineindividualbrUsh :tractscon- Hidalgo and Harlingen cerned With ,deVelepn-tent and man- Willacy , cigement. ofhabitat ,on sanctuaries to provide ,aptimuninesfing ,-coverfor ,dove. Matador -Cottle 11_ Milei ..nart-hest of, 28,184_' -Estaleliihed-tkproVide a Sui'table area PaduCcih in the- Railing' and SoUth Plains to carrV ,aut: research' and dernonstration daVe, turkey

She Wan Harris' rnilds ,east of_ Z440,_ tornbinatiOn: P.UblIC" 'fisliing,and Viii37 Houston , -terfowl- refuge; managernentir Unit 'on --

,Sierra Diablo_Culbersen 32 ,miles. narthWest 7791 Purpose_ isomaTtqm,natiye sheep, "Vati;Harri-, -rreStpre, i h Utita bl el nuenbers? cin_ 'Clevel,Op'Lbraa" the:Lsult7

31 TEXAS STATE FORESTS

TEXAS STATE FORESTS Texas' four state forests, totaling 6,943 acres, are managed by the. Texas Forest Service Texas AgeM University System.These forests serve as demonstration areas to provide information on sound forest management for private forest land- owners, as well as the general public.Morespe- cifically,the basic objective of state forest man- agementisto demonstrate simultaneouslysus-

KIRA? STATE FORF$T tained yield timber production, provision of wild- (ROO ACRES) lifehabitat, limited outdoor recreation, grazing JONES STATE FOREST and watershed management, while maintaining (1725 ACRES) . and improving the aesthetic values of the forest OWAY__ SUCRE STATE FOREST environment. (1722 AtRES) Recreation areas and facilities on state forest lands are limited primarily to picnicking and hiking.Other than fishing and swimming at three sites, no other water-based recreation is available. All stale forest lands are designated as wildlife refuges.Hunting is prohibited.Sel&guided trails are located in each state forest and assist in inter- preting forest management practices. or RIVER AUTHORITIES IN TF,XAS RESERVOIRS OPERATED BY THE The 13 river authorities in Texas were formed RIVER AUTHORITIES, 1967 by legislative statute for various water resource LOWER COLORADO BRAZOS RIVER AUTHORITY development purposes and include municipal, in- RIVER AUTHORITY 10.Possum Kingdom needs, 1. Lake Buchanan 11.De Cordova Bond dustrial,agricultural and mining water 2.Inks Lake navigation requirements, flood and pollution con- 3.Lake LBJ SAN JACINTO RIVER trol, power generation, stream and soil conserva- 4.Lake Marble Falls AUTHORITY S.Lake Travis 12.Lake Houston tion and recreation,fish and wildlifebenefits. 6.Lake Austin 13.Highlands Although river authorities are located on every 7.Lake Bastrop 14.Lake Conroe (LI.C.) major river basin in the State, not all are basin SABINE RIVER AUTHORITY TRINITY RIVER AUTHORITY wide in scope.Few have authority to carry out Lake Tawakoni 15.Lake Livingston (U.C.) . Toledo Bend a comprehensive development program. Conse- GUADALUPE-BLANCO quently, the scope of interest and involvement in RIVER AUTHORITY riverbasin developmentvarieswidely among 16.Lake Gonzales au thori ties. Provisions established by legislative authority for outdoor recreation development and administration also vary among river authorities. For five authorities, the recreation function is defined -to not prevent free use."Other river authorities are specifically authorized to acquire land for development and administration of recreation areas and facilities.Most agencies which have constructed large water projects have received specific legislative authority for recreation development.How- ever, until recently, this function was not exercised greatly and was delegated to state, county and municipal agencies and concessionaires.With funds now available from both the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program and the Texas Water Development Board for acquisition and development, river authorities may capitalize on the recreation potential of water development projects.

Riiieri-Adtho Füheti`oris-.- Table 10 lists river authorities which admin. ments.In 1967, 17 projects of this size totalled ister reservoirs of 500 surface acres and over and 435,632 surface acres.Approximately 39,656 acres the recreation developtnents ofthese impound- were designated for parks andrecreation areas.

Table 10.Reservoirs owned and operated by river authorities 1967

River Surface authority Reservoir Location acres Recreation Development Acres Lower 1. Lake AustinNorthwest of Austin, 1,850 Lake Austin City Park. 2,300.0 Colorado within city limits Zilker Park. 2. Lake 32 miles east of Aus- 906 A $115,700 grant recently Bastrop tin in Bastrop County received frorn the' Bureau of Outdoor Recreationto develop several recreation sites. 3. Lake 30 miles east of Bur- 23,200 Cedar Point 'Recreation 16.1 Buchanan netinBurnetand Area. Llano Counties Shaw Island Recreation 4.2 Area. Black Rock Recreation 10.0 Area. Burnet County Park. Burnet County Darnsite Park. pndeveloped.

4. Lake -LBJ 1 mile south of Mar- 6,200 bleFallsinBurnet Granite Shoals *Youth County _ Center. _ Long,horn Caciern 707.0

undeVelaped. - _ 33 lrflileésoUt,west .830::Inks, Pike,,State. 8`08:o Of Burnet Burnet:, 1 lindevelopeth- 534.0 CoUntY _.uthyvest of 4iNtarbje _Pansy City Pa -Mar614rallin,Bur- het County i opoty,-,g6:dotii* b

:5=,

a5 Table 10. Continued River Surface authority Reservoir Location acres Recreation Development Acres

Brazos 10. Possum 11 miles east of Min- 19,800 Possum Kingdom State 74.0 Kingdom eralWellsinPalo Pa rk. Pinto County. Undeveloped 15,661.0 De Cordova8 miles southeast of A $55,000 grant from the Bend Granbury in Hood Bureau of Outdoor Recrea- and Parker Counties tion will be used to develop recreation facilities. San Jacinto 12. Lake 4 miles north of Shel- 12,500Alexander-Deussen Park 300.0 Houston don in Harris County - Harris COunty

. Lake 7 miles northwest of 21,000Four proposedrecreation 80 0 Conroe Conroe in Montgom- areas. ery County Highlands 2 miles east of High- 1,407 Reservoir lands in Harris Coun-

Trinity 15. Lake 6 miles southwest of 82,25019 proposedecreation Livingston Livingston on Trinity areas. River Guadalupe- 16. Lake 5 miles west of Gon- 696 Public access provided 59.0 Blarieo Gonzales zales in Gonzales through several private County developments along lake- shore. GBRA plans a small recreation development in near future. Grand Totals 435,632 39,656

created Ly the legislature cannot levy taxes or LAKES UNDER assessments but must depend on loans from the JURISDICTION Federal Government and district revenues.Most of the locally-created water districts are not sub- OF WATER DISTRICTS, ject to constitutional and/or statutory debt and MUNICIPALITIES tax restrictions.Water districts possess the right of eminent domain, the power to lease, purchase AND COUNTIES and dispose of property, accept grants, employ WATER: -DISTRICTS. . peace officers and enter into contracts.Unlike cities, however, water districts do not have broad Special Texas districts with distinct water func- police powers to promote the public health and tions number in the hundreds, have widely diverse general welfare. statutory powers and purposes, and are created by various methods.Official names given these dis- Many large impoundments developed by water tricts are often unreliable and meaningless.Most districts have recreation potential, even though water districts either supply water or control it; these projects were established for water supply. many perform both functions.Consequently, the General policy of most districts has been to acquire maintenance of streams and rivers has been under- only land needed for the project or for necessary taken to meet the demands for municipal, indus- maintenance and operation of the reservoir and trial and irrigation uses,as well as navigation, principal structures.In some cases, surplus land recreation, flood prevention, soil conservation and has been open to the public but, generally, this power supply. type has represented an insignificantfactor in overall lake development.Public facilities have Water districts may be created two ways been provided primarily within the framework of either under the general laws of the state or by physical and financial capabilities for operating, special act of the legislature.Generally, districts maintaining and policing the areas.Two state 35 RESERVOIRS OPERATED BY parks have lbn developed on thesetypesof SPECIAL WATER DISTRICTS reservoirs. (Above 500 Acres) Approximately27reservoirs of 500 acres and over have been constructed by water districts, COM- prising a total of 168,800 surface acres.About 15,641acres surrounding theselakes aredesig- nated for recreation land use.

Nit$11G1 p ALitifES Presently, 40 municipal lakes in Texas ai e 500 or more surface acres in size and represent 29 municipalities.Most of these lakes were established for water supply.In most cases money for recreation development has not been available. The Statewide Water Recreation Study Com- mittee, created by Governor John Connally in 1963, found, through studies and hearings throughout the state, serious deficiencies in providing public access to local reservoirs and developing public recreation facilities.The Committee pointed out the heavy demand for water-based recreation in Texas.At the Dallas Public Hearing, the city manager of Arlington testifiedthat on July 4, 1963, 25,000 people crowded around and onto Lake Arlington, which is a little more than 1 mile long and less than 500 feet wide.After conclud- ing itsstudy, the Governor's Committee recom- RESERVOIRS UNDER JURISDICTION mended a clarification of local responsibility and OF MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES also suggested that the Texas Water Development (Above 500 Acres) Bciard require a recreation plan for every new public reservoir. Land-use planning and zoning often has been neglected before actual construction of municipal lakes.Consequently, land speculation and resi- dential development has limited much ofthe esthetic qualities and recreational uses of many water projects. Several multi-purpose lakes have been developed recently, with rvcreation given prime consideration and study.Examples of lakes involving considerable recreation planning include Decker Lake in Austin and Lake Arrowhead, developed by the city of Wichita Falls. Municipal lakes in Texas cover a total of 143,304 acres; 19,977 acres have been set aside for parks and recreation areas.

There are currently five county lakes of 500 surface acres and over, covering 4,559 acres. These lakes have been developed for outdoor recreation uses. Table 11.Reservoirs owned and operated by water districts 1967 500 surface acres and over

Surface Recreation Owner of Rese voir acres Purpose Development Acres impoundment

Red Bluff 11,700 Water supply municip I 3.4Red Bluff Water Reservoir industrial, mining uses Power Control District Loma Alta 2,490Water supply indusrria I Brownsville Reservoir and municipal purposes Navigation District Anahuac Lake Water supply irrigation Chambers-Liberty mining, industrial uses County Navigation District Valley Acres 906Water supply irrigation, Valley Acres ReserVbit municipal purposes Water District Murvaul Lake 3,820Municipal,industrial and 186 Panola County recreational uses Fresh Water Supply District Farmer's Creek 1,470Water supply municipal, North Montague Reservoir industrial, mining uses Water Supply District

Lake Corpus 15,500 Irrigation, hydro-electric Lake Corpus 350 Lower Nueces Christi power, manufacturing, Christi State River Water mining, recreational uses Park Supply District

Leon Lake 1,590Water supply municipal, Eastland County Industrial purposes Water Supply District Greenbelt 2,270Water supply municipal, Greenbelt Munici- Reservoir industrial, mining: uses pal and Industrial Water Authprity Flat "Creek 1,520 Municipalwatersupply, Athens- Municipal

Reservoir . flood regulation and recre- Water Authority ation uses Lake Me?cia 1,200Water, supply municipal, 1,000 Bistonei,Municipal industrial purposes: Water Supply,. District

Pala;Pinto -,2,6,0,1 Water*Pply NOP' - Creek =Reservoir:- industrial Uses- MUnicipal Water:,

:HObatrd-Cree ,250:%ater's4pply.: rnYnicipa eat _patrol Je,1? s_ miningindusfriaI .uses durifciocil

,131.5rada- utticipa

37 38 Table 11.Continued Surface Recreation Owner of R servoir acres Purpose Development Acres impoundment

White River 1,808 Water supply municipal, 700 White River Reservoir industrial, mining uses Municipal Water District Bridgeport Lake 10,399 Municipal,industrialand 3,000 Tarrant County recreation usos, flood con- Water Control tral and Improvement District Eagle Mountain 8,500Municipal,industrial,irri- 3,500 Tarrant County Lake gation, recreation and hy- Water Control dro-electric power uses and Improvement District Cedar Creek 34,000Water supply municipal 3,000 Tarrant County Reservoir Water Control and Improvement District Brownwood 7,300Water supply municipal, Brownwood 211 Brown County Reservoir irrigation, power andin- State Park Water Improve- dustrial uses ment District Striker Creek 2,400Water supply industrial 1,025 Angelina-Nacog- Reservoir doches Counties Water Control and Improvement District Balmorheg 573,W9ter supply = irrigation Formerly state 600 Reeves County -Lake park Water Improve. ment District , iMedinaLpke 575 Water :supply rigation Bexar-Medina Atascosa Counties Water Improve-

. ,ment District Mcinfe; Alto r,Water s,Upply'=iirigation, Hidalgo,Willdcy ReserVoir,,- Countiei Water Coritrokand Im- proVernentDistrict

-Wdka ha c Ellis_ County - Improve7

- COunty ;Water-Contra-- ndliiipreverrient istriet-

op,StorylCourIty, ilmproement t ic

39 Table 12.Reservoirs under jurisdiction of municipalities and countie 1967 500 surface acres and over Surface Recreation Municipality Reservoir acres development Acres Administering agency

Dalhart Lake Rita Blanca 524 Dallarn Hartley 1,500 RecreationHartley County Park Reservoir Dalhart San Angelo L ke Nasworthy 1,596 1,250 City of San Angelo Twin Butts Lake 8,400 3,423 Sweetwater Sweetwater Lake 630 Lake S eetwater RecreationNolan County Park Reservoir Sweetwater Oak Creek Reservoir 2,375 1,377 City of Sweetwater Stamford Stamford Lake 5,125 Abilene Fort Phantom Hill Lake 4,246 Abilene Lake 641 Kirby Lake 740 Coleman Coleman Lake 2,000 Brady Brady Reservoir 2,020 Wichita Falls Lake Kemp 20,620 Diversion Lake 3,419 Lake Arrowhead 23,000 _ParksProposed 1,625 City of Wichita Falls Wicnita Lake 2,200 120 City of Wichita Falls Kickapoo Lake 6,200 3,570 City of Wichita Falls Graham Graham Lake 8,650 Cisco Cisco' Lake City, of Cisco

- - Alice Alice Reservoir,- 700,, Minera 1 -Wells Lake iylineral Welji 646: 154 City of Mineral Wells

:Weatherford. Weatherfard

Arlington Arlington Lake ._ lab9Sra' , lebikileReierV ir

39 40 Table 12.Continued

Surface Recreation Municipal ity Reservoi acres development Acres Administering agency

Bowie Amon Carte 1,540 79 City of Bowie Reservoir Tyler Tyler Lake 2,450 Mud Creek Lake 2,580 San Antonio Victor Braun ig 1,350 Lake Olmos Reservoir 1,050 Breckenridge Lake Daniel 950 Fort Worth Lake Worth 3,267 Lake Worth Park City of Fort Worth Childress Baylor Cree', Lake 610 1,990 City of Childress Gainesville Moss Lake 1,125 Austin Decker Lake 1,269 Parks Proposed 1,500 City of Austin

143,304 19,977

Surface Recreation County acres developrnent Acres Administering agency

Webb Casa Blanca Lake 1,656 Casa Blanca Lake 575 Webb County Park Wood Lake Holbrook' 653 Wood County

_Lake Quitman 814 _Wood CO unty _ LakeWinnsboro 720 Wood County _ _ Lake FlawkinS -; .716 Wood County

:Total_ _ 5-75 ,9-rai;01"Qtsciiis _20,552

41- REFERENCES NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES Texas Highway Department."Motorboat Regis- Argow, Keith A., "Dust land to Grassland," Ameri- trillionsby County:1960-65," From filesof can Forests, Washington, D. C., January 1962. Motor Vehicle Division, Austin. Davis, Stewart."The Beggars Plead for More "VehicleRegistrationsforTexasby than Rags," Houston Chronicle, Houston, Jar-i Counties:1958-1967," From filesof Motor uary 6, 1966. Vehicle Division, Austin. "Lands for Texas Wildlife: A Plan of Action," Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Texas Texas Parks and Wildlife, Austin, May 1967. Parks and Wildlife Land Needs, Austin, Sep- Lower Colorado River Authority, LCRA News, tember 1966. Austin, Texas, May-June 1967. "The Facts:Texas Parks and Wildlife "New Sanford Darn Creates Panhandle Mecca," Department,- Austin, (mimeograph), 1967. Houston Post, Houston, January 15, 1967. -Texas Outdoor Recreation Resources Brief," Austin, (mimeograph),1965. REPORTS Andrews, F. Boyd."Summary of 1966 Private "Texas State Park Acquisition and Devel- Outdoor Recreation Inventory by Enterprise opment Program," Report to Governor Con- and Land and Water Acreage,- Texas A&M nally, Austin, (mimeograph), December, 1966, University, College Station. Texas Water Commission. "A Summary of Recre- Boating Industry Association.Boating 1966, Chi- ation Facilities at Major Reservoirs in Texas," cago, Illinois. Austin, (mimeograph) ,1964. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, -Annual U.S. Army Engineers. -1966 Recreation Visitation Attendance Figures for Texas Refuges 1960- Data," Corps of Engineers Reservoirs in the 1966,"Southwestern Regional Office,Albu- Fort Worth, Texas District, Southwestern Divi- querque, New Mexico, (mimeograph) . sion Office, Dallas, (mimeograph). Master Development Plan for the Ana- "Reservoir and Management Data," Fort huac National Wildlife Refuge, Southwestern Worth District, Southwestern Division, Dallas, Regional Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, (mimeograph) , February, 1966. 1960. U.S. Forest Service."Recreation Use Statistics on Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, GBRA 1966 the Texas National Forests, 1966," (1BM-print- Annual Report, San Antonio, 1966. outs) , Lufkin. Jones, Gordon H. "RecreationPlanningfor Wa terResourceProjectsPriortoProject YNALWA-71: I S Authorization," U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, American Forest Products Industries, Inc.Gov- Dallas, (mimeograph),1967. ernment Land Acquisition:Texas Edition, "Water Resource Projects and the Recre- Washington, D. C., 1965. ation Environment," U.S. Army Corps of Engi- Bureau of Land Management.Public Land Sta- neers, Dallas, (mimeograph) ,1967. tistics, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Gov- NationalParkService. "AmistadRecreation ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., Area," Southwest Regional Office, SantaFe, 1966. New Mexico, (mimeograph),1967. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.National Guadalupe Mountains, Texas: An Area Wildlife Refuges, Resource Publication 32, U.S. Investigation Report on a Proposed Guadalupe Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Mts, National Park, Southwest Regional Office, 1966. Santa Fe, New Mexico, September 1963. "Recreation Policy on National Wildlife "Attendance Figures for Areas Admin- Refuges," U.S. Government Printing Office, istered by the National Park Service in Texas," 1964. Southwest RegionalOffice,SantaFe, New Executive Budget Office.The Texas Budget in Mexico, (mimeograph),1955-1957. Brief 1966-67, Austin. Reid, L. M."Recreation Potential In Texas," Texas A8cM University.Water for Texas, Proceed- Address to II th Annual Water for Texas Con- ings of 9th Annual Conference, College Sta- ference, College Station, 1966. tion, 1964.

41 Water foiTexas, Proceedings of 10th Texas Water Development Board.Water Annual Conference, College Station, 1965. Texas: A Plan for the Future, Prelimi Studies, Austin, 1966. Water fur Texas, Proceedings of1 1 th Annual Conference, College Station, 1966. --- Darns and Reservoirs in Texas:Histori- ----The Texas Forest Service:Its History, cal and Descriptive Inf- rmation, Report 48, Objectives and Activities, Circular 100, College Austin, 1967. Station, 1965. Texas Water Recreation Study Committee. Water and the Recreation Boom in Texas, Austin, A Decade of Population Change in Texas, 1965. R. L. Skrabanek, College Station, 1964. Trinity River Authority.Livingston Dam and What's Happening in the Texas Farm Reservoir: Report on Master Plan for Recrea- and Ranch Land Market, F. B. Andrews and tional Development, Forest and Cotton, Inc., A. B. Wooten, College Station, 1965. Dallas, 1965. Facts About the Texas Forest Se vice, U.S. Department of Interior.Natural Resources Circular 96, College Station, 1965. ment by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: State Forests of Texas, Circular 87, Col- Texas, Southwestern Division, Dallas, 1967. lege Station, 1964. Recreation, Civil Works Projects,U.S. Texas Highway Department.Texas Visitor Indus- Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., try Report, Austin, 1966. 1962-66, History of the Texas Highway Depart- U.S. Department of Interior.Natural Resources ment, Austin, 1965. of _Texas, U.S. Government Printing Office, Texas Legislative Council.Texas State Parks: Washington, D. C., 1965. A Survey and Analysis, Austin, 1958, U.S. Forest Service.Outdoor Recreation in the Texas Municipal League.Municipal Lakes in National Forests, Agriculture Information Bul- Texas, Report No. 23, Special Inquiry Series, letin 301,U.S. Government Printing Office, Austin, 1963. Washington, D.C., 1965. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.State of U.S. Government Printing Office, "Policies, Stand- TexasComprehensiveOutdoorRecreation ards and Procedures in the Formulation, Eval- Plan, Volumes I-V, Austin, 1965. nation and Review of plans for -use and Devel- Texas Outdoors: A Challenge, A Plan of opment of Water and Related Land Resources," Action, Austin, 1967. 87th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Doc. 97, Annual Report of the Parks and Wildlife Washington, D.C., May 1962. Department,FiscalYears1965-66,1964-65, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, 1963-64, Austin. D. C., "Public Law 89-72," 89th Congress. S. Texas Research League.Texas Stale Parks: Blue- 1229, July 1965. print for Rebuilding a Major Resource, Aus- University of Texas, Highland Lakes of Texas, tin, 1961. Bureau of Business Research, Austin, 1967. Conservation at Work: The Reorganized University of Texas.Texas Conference on Our Texas Game and Fish Commission, Austin, Environmental Cresis, School of Architecture, 1962. Austin, 1965. Water Rights and Water Resource Ad- Woodworth, Thrornbley G.Special Districts and ministration in Texas, Austin, 1965. Authorities in Texas, InStitute of Public Af- The Structure and Authority for State fairs, University of Texas, Austin, 1959. Leadership of Water Development in Texas, Austin, 1965. ,BtetiCHURES Texas Tourist Development Agency."Touring ureau ot Sport Fisheries and Wildlife."Laguna Texas," Austin, 1967. Alascosa National Wildlife Refuge," South- Texas Water Commission.Darns and Reservoirs western Regional Office, Albuquerque, New in Texas: Historical and Descriptive Informa- Mexico, 1966_ tion, Bulletin 6408, Austin, 1964. "Birds of the Laguna Atascosa National Conservation Storage Reservoirs in Texas, Wildlife Refuge," Southwestern Regional Of- Bulletin 6404, Austin, 1964. fice, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1966. 42 ---- "Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge,- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department."Wildlife Sou thwes ternRegional Office,Albuquerque, Across Texas," Austin, 1967. New Mexico, 1966. "San Jose Mission," Austin, 1965. ---- "AransasNationalWildlifeRefuge," Southwestern RegionalOffice,Albuquerque, "Texas State Parks," Austin, 1968. New Mexico, 1966. U.S. Army Engineers."New Lakes for America," "Public Recreational Uses and Regula- U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, tions," Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, D.C., 1966. Southwestern RegionalOffice, Albuquerque, U.S. Forest Service."National Forest Recreation New Mexico, 1964. Areas: Requiring Annual, Daily or Other "Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Entrance Permits and the L8cWCFA of 1965," Southwestern RegionalOffice,Albuquerque, Southwestern Region, Albuquerque, New Mex- New Mexico, 1964. ico, 1965. "Birds of Buffalo Lake National Wildlife MAPS Refuge," Southwestern Regional Office, Albu- Lower Colorado River Authority. (Individual querque, New Mexico, 1964. maps of reservoirs operated by LCRA) , Austin, "Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge," 1967. Southwestern Regional Office,Albuquerque, National Geographic Society."Vacationlands Map New Mexico, 1963. of the U.S. and Canada," Washington, D.C., "Birds of Hagerman and Tishomingo 1966. National Wikllife Refuges," Southwestern Re- U.S. Army Engineers, (Individual maps of Texas gional Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1963. Reservoirs Fort Worth District) ,Southwest- "Birds of Anahuac National Wildlife ern Division, Fort Worth, 1966, 1967. Refuge," Southwestern Regional Office, Albu- querque, New Mexico, 1965. U.S. Forest Service."Natic :al Forests in Texas," Southern RegionalOffice,Atlanta, Georgia, "Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge,- 1967. Southwestern RegionalOffice,AlbuqUerque, New Mexico, 1965. "Panhandle National Grasslands;New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma," Southwestern National Park Service."Padre Island National Regional Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Seashore," U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961. Washington, D.C., 1965. "Caddo National Grassland," Southwest- "Big Bend National Park," U.S. Govern- ern Regional Office, Albuquerque New Mex- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1966. ico, 1966. Texas Highway Department."Texas Highway "CrossTimbersNationalGrassland," Facts," Travel and Information Division, Aus- Southwestern RegionalOffice,Albuquerque, tin, 1964. New Mexico, 1966.

43 44 ;- ".r,"P`a.,,,,,..tr" -71,1

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