Calcul Del Temps De Bombeig Necesari Per Reabhilitar Un

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Calcul Del Temps De Bombeig Necesari Per Reabhilitar Un DESENVOLUPAMENT D’UN MODEL DE RISCOS I INTERFAÇ GRÀFICA PER L’ANÀLISI DE PROBLEMES DE CONTAMINACIÓ PER MÀSTER ORGANOCLORATS Treball realitzat per: Àngel Llohis Sampons Dirigit per: Daniel Fernandez Garcia Màster en: Enginyeria del Terreny i Enginyeria Sísimca Barcelona, 4, de Maig de 2016 Departament d’Enginyeria del Terreny, Cartografia i Geofísica TREBALL FINAL DE TREBALL FINAL Índex 1. OBJECTIUS DEL TREBALL .............................................................................................................. 3 2. INTRODUCCIÓ. .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 ELS DNAPLs .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 PROCESOS HIDRODINÀMICS O DE TRANSPORT DE DNAPLS ............................................... 7 1.3 EVALUACIÓ DEL RISC ........................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 Factor de toxicitat (CPF o OSF) ................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Freqüència de la ingestió (ADD): ................................................................................ 11 3. PROLEMÀTICA I SOLUCIONS MATEMÀTIQUES ASSOCIADES A LA PLANTILLA 1. ... 13 3.1 DESCONTAMINACIÓ PER BOMBEIG I TRACTAMENT: ....................................................... 13 3.2 PROBLEMÀTICA ASSOCIADA A LA TÈCNICA DE DESCONTAMINACIÓ PER BOMBEIG I TRACTAMENT. ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Presència de fase lliure en el focus de contaminació. ............................................... 15 3.2.2 Presència de zones de baixa permeabilitat ................................................................ 16 3.2.3 Solució al rebot de concentracions o efecte rebot. ................................................... 18 4. PLANTILLA DE MICROSOFT EXCEL NUMERO 1: PLANTILLA DE DNAPL SENSE PRESÈNCIA DE FASE LLIURE. .......................................................................................................... 26 4.1 INTRODUCCIÓ DE LA PLANTILLA. ...................................................................................... 26 4.2. FULLA DE “CÀLCULS” ........................................................................................................ 27 4.2.1 Introducció de paràmetres. ........................................................................................ 29 4.2.2 –Taula resum amb els paràmetres introduïts i calculats. .......................................... 33 4.2.3 – Càlcul temps de bombeig (resultats). ...................................................................... 36 4.2.4 Annex de la plantilla 1. .............................................................................................. 37 5. EXEMPLES FICTICIS DE L’APLICACIÓ DE LA PLANTILLA 1. ............................................ 39 6.1- EXEMPLE 1. ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.1.1 Resposta 1: per un bombeig de 10 L/s. ...................................................................... 39 5.1.2 Resposta 2: per un bombeig de 20 l/s. ....................................................................... 43 5.2 EXEMPLE 2: ........................................................................................................................ 45 5.2.1 Resposta 1: per un bombeig de 10 l/s. ....................................................................... 46 5.2.2 Resposta 2: per un bombeig de 20 l/s. ....................................................................... 48 5.3 ANALISI DELS RESULTATS DE LA PLANTILLA 1 I CONCLUSIONS: ....................................... 50 6. PROLEMÀTICA I SOLUCIONS MATEMÀTIQUES ASSOCIADES A LA PLANTILLA 2. ... 52 6.1. PRESÈNCIA DE FASE LLIURE......................................................................................... 52 6.1.1 Eficiència de les tècniques de descontaminació. .................................................... 53 6.1.2 Procés de dissolució de fase lliure. ............................................................................ 55 1 7- PLANTILLA DE MICROSOFT EXCEL NUMERO 2: PLANTILLA DE DNAPL AMB PRESÈNCIA DE FASE LLIURE. .......................................................................................................... 58 7.1 INTRODUCCIÓ DE LA PLANTILLA. ...................................................................................... 58 7.2. FULLA DE “CÀLCULS I RESULTATS” ................................................................................... 60 7.2.1 Introducció de paràmetres. ........................................................................................ 61 7.2.2 Taula resum amb els paràmetres introduïts i calculats. ........................................... 65 7.2.3 Càlcul del temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer. Resultats. .......................................... 68 7.2.4 Annex de la plantilla 2. ............................................................................................... 70 8. EXEMPLES FICTICIS DE L’APLICACIÓ DE LA PLANTILLA 2. ............................................ 73 8.1- EXEMPLE 1: ...................................................................................................................... 73 8.1.1 RESPOSTA 1: Temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer sense aplicació de cap tècnica i la tècnica 1. ............................................................................................................................. 73 8.1.2 RESPOSTA 2: Temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer sense aplicació de cap tècnica i la tècnica 2. ............................................................................................................................. 81 8.2.EXEMPLE 2: ........................................................................................................................ 86 8.2.1 RESPOSTA 1: Temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer sense aplicació de cap tècnica i la tècnica 1. ............................................................................................................................. 86 8.2.2 RESPOSTA 2: Temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer aplicant la tècnica 2 1000 dies després d’aplicar la tècnica 1. ............................................................................................. 92 8.3 ANALISI DELS RESULTATS DE LA PLANTILLA 2 I CONCLUSIONS: ..................................... 104 9 BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................................... 106 10 ANNEX. TAULES: ......................................................................................................................... 109 2 1. OBJECTIUS DEL TREBALL Al llarg d’aquest treball es tractaran alguns dels problemes més greus que es produeixen a l hora de rehabilitar un aqüífer contaminat per DNAPLs mitjançant tècniques de descontaminació. Abordarem aquests problemes, sempre partint d’un llindar probabilístic com és el “risc de sofrir intoxicació en el moment en que alguna persona ingereixi certa quantitat d’aquestes aigües contaminades amb DNAPLs”. Es determinarà el temps necessari que hauran de passar perquè aquests emplaçaments no siguin perillosos pel consum humà, tan si a l’emplaçament contaminat s’aplica alguna tècnica de descontaminació com sinó. Així doncs l’objectiu principal del treball serà, mitjançant el programa informàtic Microsoft Excel, crear dos plantilles que ens permetin estimar el punt final o temps necessari de rehabilitació d’un aqüífer contaminat, a partir d’un mètode probabilístic basat en el risc, (evitant així que sigui perillós per la salut humana i el medi ambient). Això s’aconseguirà introduint-li únicament un seguit de paràmetres que caracteritzen l’heterogeneïtat del medi d’un aqüífer i les propietats i quantitats inicials de la ploma de contaminant que caldrà extreure. Es a dir que crearem dos plantilles on únicament introduint les principals propietats del subsòl i del DNAPL ens sigui possible calcular el temps necessari de rehabilitació d’un aqüífer mitjançant la tècnica de bombeig i tractament, en el cas de que no hi hagi presència de fase lliure de DNAPL, o mitjançant l’eficiència d’alguna altre tècnica de descontaminació, en el cas de que hi hagi fase lliure de DNAPL romanent en el aqüífer. Per això, la primera plantilla d’Excel anirà enfocada únicament a donant-se el temps de bombeig necessari perquè les concentracions de contaminant quedin per sota del llindar del risc permès per la legislatura, en descontaminar un aqüífer per bombeig i tractament. Aquest model o plantilla funcionarà per medis geològics heterogenis i sempre i quant el DNAPL estigui totalment dissolt i no hi hagi presència de fase lliure, ja que es tracte del disseny d’un bombeig i tractament basat en els model matemàtic conegut com a “model de doble capa o doble porositat” explicat en l’article, de Barros (2013). La segona plantilla servirà per calcular els temps necessaris per rehabilitar un aqüífer contaminat on el DNAPL no es troba totalment dissolt, es a dir, hi ha presencia de DNAPL en fase lliure. Aquesta plantilla ens donarà el temps de rehabilitació de l’aqüífer sense aplicar-hi cap tècnica de descontaminació, i també el temps necessari perquè les concentracions de contaminant siguin inferiors al llindar establert
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