Cycles of Celebration
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Midsommar History
THE HISTORY OF MIDSOMMAR Celebrating Midsommar, one of the two most popular holidays in Sweden – the other being Christmas – is a very ancient practice, dating back to pre-Christian times. It has its roots in Pagan rituals to welcome summer and the season of fertility. In Sweden, midsummer festivals have been around for at least 500 years. Even in agrarian times, people in Sweden welcomed summertime by decorating their houses and farm tools with foliage and raising tall May poles to dance around. It was the time to put the cows out to pasture and begin milking. Though there are some variations in the interpretation of its origin, all seem to agree that it is linked to the summer solstice, the year’s longest day and the fact that warm weather and the growing season have begun. However, Midsommar did not become the most Swedish of all traditional festivities until the 1900s. And today, the rituals are certainly even more widespread. There are several customs associated with Midsommar that have been around a long, long time and still continue today. The maypole or majstång is an example. The earliest mention of the maypole in Sweden is from the Middle Ages. And some say the maypole has its roots in German Paganism. Continental countries in medieval times already had early summer celebrations and the tradition of a maypole. It was part of the May Day celebration in ancient Rome and medieval France and Germany. Perhaps the German merchants coming to Sweden brought the custom with them. But remember the practice was to decorate the maypole with flowers and greens to emphasize the onset of the growing season. -
Courier Gazette : July 16, 1895
I T he Courier-Gazette. ROCKLAND, MAINE, TUESDAY, JULY 16, 1895. V olume 5 0 . E n te r e d m Second Clan* Mall Matter. N uxbkb 2 8 The Courier-Gazette does I t oernbii-l.v Into M ore Fam ilies in Knox Comity Than Any Other Paper JPuhlislied. HOME HAPPENGGS. Maj.-Gen. Hiram G. Berry Highest of all in Leavening Power.— Latest U.S. Gov’t Report / T h e C o u r i e r - G a z e tt e fcoe.« r e ^ u A BIOGIiAJPHY larly into more families in Knox T. H. McLain of this city County than any other paper is one of our most suc Bakins Written fo r the Courier-Gazette by Edward K. Gould cessful celery raisers. M r p u b l is h e d . McLain does not bank [Begun in No. 8. Back number* can be hnd.| his celery, but uses tiles, which he slips down over T he C.-G. is delivered at more Rockland the plants. Protected Powder residences than any other paper published XXI. him “a career of usefulness and glory.” At from the sun in this way A lizard from Pleasant Btach, caught by In,the meantime the advanced regiments of the battle of Fair Oaks Smith again led the the plants blanch readily A B iQ U in tV PURE Wm Munroe, is the latest addition to T he the brigade, the Third and Fifth Michigan, Fifth Michigan in a charge, but it was his without being soiled by C.-G. -
Easter Services in and Around Leighton Buzzard
Easter Services in and around Leighton Buzzard Do come join us at a church near you CHURCH OF ENGLAND St John the Baptist Church, Stanbridge Telephone: 01525 210828 All Saints Church, Church Square Tuesday 11th 8.00 pm Holy Communion Telephone: 01525 381418 Good Friday 12.00 pm to 3.00pm Church open for prayer Monday 10th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address Tuesday 11th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address St Giles of Provence Church, Totternhoe Wednesday 12th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address Telephone: 01582 662778 Maundy Thursday 10.00 am Holy Communion Maundy Thursday 7.00 pm Maundy Supper and Service 7.30 pm Sung Eucharist with Ceremony of Washing Good Friday 12.00 pm to 3.00pm Church open for prayer of Feet followed by Vigil Easter Day 10.00 am Holy Communion Good Friday 12 noon Reflections and Music METHODIST 12.45 pm Preaching of the Passion Trinity Methodist Church, North Street 2.00 pm Good Friday Liturgy 3.00 pm to 5.00pm Church remains open Telephone: 01525 371905 Easter Eve 9.00 am Quiet Service of Reflection Monday 10th 8.00 pm Reflective Service 9.00 pm Vigil and First Eucharist of Easter Tuesday 11th 10.00 am Morning Service Easter Day 8.00 am Holy Communion 8.00 pm Reflective Service 9.15 am Easter Eucharist Wednesday 12th 8.00 pm Reflective Service 11.15 am Messy Mass for Easter Maundy Thursday 8.00 pm Holy Communion 6.00 pm Festal Evensong Easter Day 10.30 am Easter Day Communion Service 6.00 pm Reflective Service St Barnabas’ Church, Linslade Telephone: 01525 372149 SOCIETY OF FRIENDS Monday 10th 9.30 am Eucharist -
'Goblinlike, Fantastic: Little People and Deep Time at the Fin De Siècle
ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output ’Goblinlike, fantastic: little people and deep time at the fin de siècle https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40443/ Version: Full Version Citation: Fergus, Emily (2019) ’Goblinlike, fantastic: little people and deep time at the fin de siècle. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email ‘Goblinlike, Fantastic’: Little People and Deep Time at the Fin De Siècle Emily Fergus Submitted for MPhil Degree 2019 Birkbeck, University of London 2 I, Emily Fergus, confirm that all the work contained within this thesis is entirely my own. ___________________________________________________ 3 Abstract This thesis offers a new reading of how little people were presented in both fiction and non-fiction in the latter half of the nineteenth century. After the ‘discovery’ of African pygmies in the 1860s, little people became a powerful way of imaginatively connecting to an inconceivably distant past, and the place of humans within it. Little people in fin de siècle narratives have been commonly interpreted as atavistic, stunted warnings of biological reversion. I suggest that there are other readings available: by deploying two nineteenth-century anthropological theories – E. B. Tylor’s doctrine of ‘survivals’, and euhemerism, a model proposing that the mythology surrounding fairies was based on the existence of real ‘little people’ – they can also be read as positive symbols of the tenacity of the human spirit, and as offering access to a sacred, spiritual, or magic, world. -
Blood and Mistletoe: the History of the Druids in Britain Free
FREE BLOOD AND MISTLETOE: THE HISTORY OF THE DRUIDS IN BRITAIN PDF Ronald Hutton | 492 pages | 24 May 2011 | Yale University Press | 9780300170856 | English | New Haven, United States Blood and Mistletoe | Yale University Press Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. NOOK Book. Crushed by the Romans in the first century A. Because of this, historian Ronald Hutton shows, succeeding British generations have been free to reimagine, reinterpret, and reinvent the Druids. Druids have been remembered at different times as patriots, scientists, philosophers, or priests; sometimes portrayed as corrupt, bloodthirsty, or ignorant, they were also seen as fomenters of rebellion. Hutton charts how the Druids have been written in and out of history, archaeology, and the public consciousness for some years, with particular focus on the romantic period, when Druids completely dominated notions of British prehistory. Sparkling with legends and images, filled with new perspectives on ancient and modern times, this book is a fascinating cultural study of Druids as catalysts in British history. He lives in Bristol, UK. Home 1 Books 2. Read an excerpt of this book! Add to Wishlist. Overview Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain by the Romans in the first century A. Related Searches. Praise for the author::'For anyone researching the subject, this is the book you've been waiting Praise for the author::'For anyone researching the subject, this is the book you've been waiting for. -
All Saints and All Souls Day? Are These Linked with Paganism and Halloween?
AALL SSAINTS AND AALL SSOULS St. Peter Catholic Church Faith Fact November 2017 By FATHER WILLIAM SAUNDERS What are the origins of All Saints and All Souls Day? Are these linked with paganism and Halloween? Both the Feast of All Saints and the Feast of All Souls evolved in the life of the Church independently of paganism and Halloween. However, elements of pagan practices were perhaps “baptized” by some cultures or attached themselves to the celebration of All Saints and All Souls. Let us first address the Feast of All Saints. The exact origins of this celebration are uncertain, although, after the legalization of Christianity in 313, a common commemoration of Saints, especially the martyrs, appeared in various areas throughout the Church. For instance in the East, the city of Edessa celebrated this feast on May 13; the Syrians, on the Friday after Easter; and the city of Antioch, on the first Sunday after Pentecost. Both St. Ephrem (d. 373) and St. John Chrysostom (d. 407) attest to this feast day in their preaching. In the West, a commemoration for all the saints also was celebrated on the first Sunday after Pentecost. The primary reason for establishing a common feast day was because of the desire to honor the great number of martyrs, especially during the persecution of Emperor Diocletion (284-305), the worst and most extensive of the persecutions. […T]here were not enough days of the year for a feast day for each martyr and many of them died in groups. A common feast day for all saints, therefore seemed most appropriate In 609, the Emperor Phocas gave the Pantheon in Rome to Pope Boniface IV, who rededicated it on May 13 under the title St. -
Wicca 1739 Have Allowed for His Continued Popularity
Wicca 1739 have allowed for his continued popularity. Whitman’s According to Gardner, witchcraft had survived the per- willingness to break out of hegemonic culture and its secutions of early modern Europe and persisted in secret, mores in order to celebrate the mundane and following the thesis of British folklorist and Egyptologist unconventional has ensured his relevance today. His belief Margaret Murray (1862–1963). Murray argued in her in the organic connection of all things, coupled with his book, The Witch Cult in Western Europe (1921), that an old organic development of a poetic style that breaks with religion involving a horned god who represented the fertil- many formal conventions have caused many scholars and ity of nature had survived the persecutions and existed critics to celebrate him for his innovation. His idea of uni- throughout Western Europe. Murray wrote that the versal connection and belief in the spirituality present in a religion was divided into covens that held regular meet- blade of grass succeeded in transmitting a popularized ings based on the phases of the moon and the changes of version of Eastern theology and Whitman’s own brand of the seasons. Their rituals included feasting, dancing, sac- environmentalism for generations of readers. rifices, ritualized sexual intercourse, and worship of the horned god. In The God of the Witches (1933) Murray Kathryn Miles traced the development of this god and connected the witch cult to fairy tales and Robin Hood legends. She used Further Reading images from art and architecture to support her view that Greenspan, Ezra, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Whit- an ancient vegetation god and a fertility goddess formed man. -
Arnold Bennett, Marie Corelli and the Interior Lives of Single Middle-Class Women, England, 1880-1914
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 11-2003 A Novel Approach to History: Arnold Bennett, Marie Corelli and the Interior Lives of Single Middle-Class Women, England, 1880-1914 Sharon Crozier-De Rosa University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Crozier-De Rosa, Sharon, "A Novel Approach to History: Arnold Bennett, Marie Corelli and the Interior Lives of Single Middle-Class Women, England, 1880-1914" (2003). Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers. 1593. https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1593 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] A Novel Approach to History: Arnold Bennett, Marie Corelli and the Interior Lives of Single Middle-Class Women, England, 1880-1914 Abstract There are many ‘gaps’ or ‘silences’1 in women’s history – especially in relation to their interior lives. Historians seeking to penetrate the thoughts and emotions of ‘ordinary’ single middle-class women living during the Late Victorian and Edwardian years have a challenging task. These women rarely left personal documents for historians to analyse. Novels, particularly popular or bestselling novels, represent one pathway into this realm. Popular novels are numbered among the few written sources that are available to help historians to fill in some of the absences in the conventional historical record. -
Celtic Thunder Legacy on Tour Across the US
ISSUE 25 VOLUME 5 Proudly Serving Celts in North America Since 1991 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2016 THE BIGGEST Gaelic Games event in North America took place in Seattle on the weekend of September 2-4, 2016 with over 1,500 players and 85 teams from across the USA, Canada and the Caribbean competing. [Pictured above] Seattle Mayor Ed Murray [second from right] presents the Championship Trophy to Donie Breathnach, captain of the San Francisco Naomh Padraig hurling team after they won the North American Sen- ior Hurling Championship final. Pictured on the left is Seattle BREAKING GROUND by Norfolk, England artist, Rob Barnes. Police Chief Kathleen O’Toole and Irish Consul General Philip [Read more about the artist inside on page 2] Grant on the right. [Read more on pages 20, 21 & 23] Walking the Path at Samhain Into the Twilight of the Year OME would At Samhain, that path rises, careens, By CYNTHIA WALLENTINE motivates, tears down, and drives us on. argue that a Order is lost, but structure remains – it path that can- At Samhain, whose bonfires burn will push, drag, or pull even the ridicu- brightly at dusk on October 31, the year lously stubborn to their fate. not be seen descends to its finish. S Those not gripped entirely by the expe- does not ex- In the ashes of that same fire, on No- rience may instead find destiny, the con- ist. But vision is only one vember 1, the Celtic New Year is born, scious transformation of the cultivated IRELAND’S O’Donovan brothers are the latest Olympic Internet along with the winter season. -
History of Halloween
History of Halloween History of Halloween By ReadWorks Makayla gently placed her black witch’s hat on top of her black curls as she looked at herself in the mirror. Her mom had painted her skin green and outlined her eyes in purple paint. She wore tall, black boots underneath a long, purple dress. It was October 31st, and she was ready for trick‐or‐treating on Halloween night. “Makayyyla!” her mom called out from downstairs. Makayla’s two friends, Colden and Porter, had arrived. Colden stood in the doorway, his costume blowing in the wind. A white sheet hung over his head, and his eyes peered out from two cut‐out holes. Porter decided to dress like his favorite superhero, Batman. A black mask covered his face and a long cape trailed behind him. They carried plastic pumpkin bowls to collect candy later in the evening. The two boys greeted Makayla with equal levels of excitement. “Hi, Makayla!” Colden said. “You ready to go trick‐or‐treating?” Porter asked. She nodded her head and ran to grab her coat. “Let’s go, everyone!” her mom called out, and they all marched out the front door. All around them, children and parents walked from door to door in colorful costumes. Carved Jack‐o‐lanterns sat in front of houses, candles shimmering inside the orange pumpkins. A breeze blew past Makayla and her friends, making her shiver. The weather had just started to get colder. 1 © 2014 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. History of Halloween Makayla remembered her class earlier that day, when her teacher talked about the origins of Halloween. -
Summer Solstice
A FREE RESOURCE PACK FROM EDMENTUM Summer Solstice PreK–6th Topical Teaching Grade Range Resources Free school resources by Edmentum. This may be reproduced for class use. Summer Solstice Topical Teaching Resources What Does This Pack Include? This pack has been created by teachers, for teachers. In it you’ll find high quality teaching resources to help your students understand the background of Summer Solstice and why the days feel longer in the summer. To go directly to the content, simply click on the title in the index below: FACT SHEETS: Pre-K – Grade 3 Grades 3-6 Grades 3-6 Discover why the Sun rises earlier in the day Understand how Earth moves and how it Discover how other countries celebrate and sets later every night. revolves around the Sun. Summer Solstice. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: Pre-K – Grade 2 Grades 3-6 Discuss what shadows are and how you can create them. Discuss how Earth’s tilt cause the seasons to change. ACTIVITY SHEETS AND ANSWERS: Pre-K – Grade 3 Grades 3-6 Students are to work in pairs to explain what happens during Follow the directions to create a diagram that describes the Summer Solstice. Summer Solstice. POSTER: Pre-K – Grade 6 Enjoyed these resources? Learn more about how Edmentum can support your elementary students! Email us at www.edmentum.com or call us on 800.447.5286 Summer Solstice Fact Sheet • Have you ever noticed in the summer that the days feel longer? This is because there are more hours of daylight in the summer. • In the summer, the Sun rises earlier in the day and sets later every night. -
Strength Symbols
Ancient Japanese kanji symbol for Spiritual Strength Ancient Japanese symbol for Good Fortune. Ancient Japanese symbol for Black Sheep Ancient Japanese symbol for Supernatural Power. Strength Symbols The Bear-An ancient Heraldic symbol which signifies Strength. The Bull- Symbolized strenght in Egypt and other countries. Japanese Kanji Symbol for Strength Tabono - the 'paddles'. Ancient African Symbol- Symbol represents strength and perseverence. Celtic Boar symbol for Strength Chinese Symbol for Strength Good Luck Symbols Four Leaf Horseshoe-The horseshoe Clover-is a renown is considered very lucky symbol that means good and used to be hung in luck to the person who many homes to protect and finds one. What do the attract good fortune for the leaves symbolize? family residing inside. One leaf is for FAITH...The second for Horseshoes were also considered lucky HOPE... The third for LOVE... And the because they were made by fourth for LUCK! In Irish tradition the blacksmiths, which is also considered a Shamrock or Three-leaf Clover very lucky trade. Because they worked represents the Holy Trinity: one leaf for with elemental fire and magical iron, the Father, one for the Son and one for they were thought to have special the Holy Spirit. When a Shamrock is powers. found with the fourth leaf, it represents God's Grace. Lucky Rabbit's foot- Rabbits and hares were considered very lucky animals as they were associated with spring and the return of flowers and other plants. Spring was also a time of fertility and so rabbits were considered good luck to be seen running through the fields.