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MEMORIA 2009 “INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE CANARIAS” “INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE CANARIAS” GABINETE DE DIRECCIÓN INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS (IAC) MAQUETACIÓN: Ana M. Quevedo PORTADA: Gotzon Cañada PREIMPRESIÓN E IMPRESIÓN: Producciones Gráficas S.L. DEPÓSITO LEGAL: TF-1905/94 Indice general 7- PRESENTACIÓN 8- CONSORCIO PÚBLICO IAC 12- LOS OBSERVATORIOS DE CANARIAS 12- - Observatorio del Teide (OT) 13- - Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) 14- COMISIÓN PARA LA ASIGNACIÓN DE TIEMPO (CAT) 18- ACUERDOS 19- Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC) 39- ÁREA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 42- - Estructura del Universo y Cosmología 63- - El Universo Local 105- - Física de las estrellas, Sistemas Planetarios y Medio Interestelar 133- - El Sol y el Sistema Solar 157- - Instrumentación y Espacio 197- - Otros 221- ÁREA DE INSTRUMENTACIÓN 221- - Ingeniería 232- - Producción 237- - Acciones de apoyo tecnológico 239- - Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (OTRI) 250- ÁREA DE ENSEÑANZA 250- - Cursos de doctorado 251- - Seminarios científicos 255- - Coloquios 255- - Becas 257- - XXI Escuela de Invierno: ”Procesos de acreción en Astrofísica” 261- ADMINISTRACIÓN DE SERVICIOS GENERALES 261- - Instituto de Astrofísica 262- - Observatorio del Teide 263- - Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos 264- - Centro de Astrofísica de la Palma 264- - Oficina Técnica para la Protección de la Calidad del Cielo (OTPC) 267- - Ejecución del Presupuesto 2009 268- GABINETE DE DIRECCIÓN 268- - Ediciones 270- - Comunicación y divulgación 276- - Visitas a las instalaciones del IAC 278- SERVICIOS INFORMÁTICOS COMUNES (SIC) 282- BIBLIOTECA 283- PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS 283- - Artículos en revistas internacionales con árbitros 298- - Artículos de revisión invitados (Invited Reviews) 300- - Comunicaciones a congresos internacionales 312- - Comunicaciones a congresos nacionales 314- - Artículos en revistas internacionales sin árbitros y comunicaciones cortas 315- - Artículos en revistas nacionales 315- - Libros y capítulos de libros 316- - Tesis doctorales 319- REUNIONES CIENTÍFICAS 328- TIEMPO DE OBSERVACIÓN FUERA DE CANARIAS 329- DISTINCIONES 330- RECURSOS HUMANOS 336- PERSONAL 349- DIRECCIONES Y TELÉFONOS Imagen de la galaxia M51, más conocida como “la Galaxia Remolino”. Localizada a 23 millones de años luz de distancia de La Tierra, esta magnífica espiral se observó utilizando el Instrumento OSIRIS, instalado en el Gran Telescopio Canarias GTC, con un tiempo de observación de dos minutos. Para llegar a la misma profundidad, un telescopio de un metro de diámetro necesitaría un tiempo de exposición de cuatro horas aproximadamente. La imagen se ha obtenido como composición de imágenes en tres colores. Tratamiento de imagen Daniel López (IAC). PRESENTACIÓN Este año de 2009 será recordado por la comunidad astrofísica – y que sin duda no olvidaran los astrónomos españoles - como el año de la inauguración del Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), en el que se comenzó a observar en él, y en el que aparecieron sus primeras publicaciones científicas. Hazaña científico-técnica imposible, según los agoreros de siempre y otros más. La Inauguración resultó un acto brillante y emotivo, presidido por los Reyes de España – que reiteradamente nos han honrado con su presencia - , y en el que participaron los constructores del GTC y astrónomos del todo el mundo, junto con autoridades y políticos destacados. Dentro de esta Memoria podrán encontrar referencias e imágenes de todo ello. Para mí constituyó - ¿por qué no decirlo? - algo muy significativo y simbólico, que me hizo revivir la historia del IAC concentrada en personas y hechos. Por eso dije en aquel acto: “Y da uno por buenas las mil y una batallas que ha sido necesario librar hasta llegar a este momento. Y recuerda emocionado, que el camino no lo ha hecho solo, que también se han dejado la piel a su lado un puñado de compañeros y amigos, profesionales rigurosos y apasionados, sin los cuales nada habría sido posible”. Y así seguimos. Sin duda, para los más directamente implicados en la construcción del telescopio y sus instrumentos focales ha sido éste un año pleno de esfuerzos y de angustias, pues las expectativas son altas, y afinar la maravillosa y compleja máquina que es el GTC no es tarea fácil. Aun llevará tiempo lograr que el telescopio alcance su “velocidad de crucero”, y todos tendremos que tener paciencia crítica, ya que no podremos estar del todo satisfechos, hasta que los descubrimientos que con sus observaciones se realicen sedan una contribución destacada al conocimiento del Universo. El Instituto ha seguido pleno de actividad, como puede comprobarse repasando esta Memoria anual, aunque la Dirección, el grupo de “site testing” y un puñado de personas más, han estado muy dedicados a producir datos y proporcionar estudios para la buena elección del sitio de ubicación del E-ELT. Pero ésta es otra guerra, con sus principales batallas en el próximo año. Difícil es elegir cuáles de nuestras investigaciones destacar. Por citar alguna, entresacamos la publicada en Nature, sobre estrellas con bajo contenido en Litio como rastro para encontrar sistemas planetarios semejantes al nuestro. Pero hay otros resultados notables que encontrarán en esta Memoria. El esfuerzo en instrumentación científica se ha centrado en la instrumentación para el GTC, con OSIRIS y EMIR, y en el espacio con contribuciones en Heschel y Plank y el experimento Sunrise. MEMORIA Bien conocido es que 2009 ha sido el Año Internacional de la Astronomía, y que por todo IAC 2009 el mundo han proliferado las actividades divulgativas de esta rama de la Ciencia. España ha sido muy activa y el IAC también. En esta Memoria podrán encontrar sus referencias. 7 La iniciativa del IAC, conocida como “STARLIGHT”, ha seguido afianzándose, consiguiendo el respaldo de la Unión Astronómica Internacional, de la UNESCO y hasta de la Organización de Naciones Unidas para el Turismo. Va prosperando más allá de la lucha por la no contaminación del cielo nocturno, y entra en la defensa de los ecosistemas nocturnos y se expande hacia la difusión de la Ciencia en la Cultura. Prof. Francisco Sánchez DIRECTOR CONSORCIO PUBLICO “INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE CANARIAS” El Consorcio Público “Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias” está integrado por la Administración del Estado (a través del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia), la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias, la Universidad de La Laguna y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Esta fórmula jurídica de consorcio fue una avanzada solución administrativa, consecuencia de un pacto por el que las entidades implicadas, concentrando sus esfuerzos y evitando duplicidades innecesarias, se comprometieron a unificar objetivos y medios en un único ente, al que dotaron de personalidad jurídica propia. Se trataba de que el IAC fuese un centro de referencia, no sólo capaz de cumplir las responsabilidades derivadas de los Acuerdos Internacionales de Cooperación en materia de Astrofísica, en los cuales representa a Españá, sino además de ser palanca para el desarrollo de la Astrofísica en el país. Cada uno de estos entes consorciados aporta algo esencial. La Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias: el suelo y, sobre todo, el cielo de Canarias; la Universidad de La Laguna: el Instituto Universitario de Astrofísica, germen del propio IAC; y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: su experiencia en relaciones científicas internacionales. La Administración del Estado a través de el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, por su parte, no sólo contribuye con el mayor porcentaje al presupuesto del Instituto, sino que, además, lo engloba dentro de sus organismos públicos de investigación y lo proyecta en la comunidad científica nacional e internacional. Especialmente importante es la participación internacional. Téngase en cuenta que la mayoría de las instalaciones telescópicas de los Observatorios del IAC pertenecen a otros organismos e instituciones de investigación europeas. La participación de las instituciones de los diversos países en los Observatorios se realiza a través del Comité Científico Internacional (CCI). La contrapartida principal que se recibe por el “cielo de Canarias” es del 20% del tiempo de observación (más un 5% para programas cooperativos) en cada uno de los telescopios instalados en los Observatorios del IAC. Un porcentaje realmente significativo que una Comisión para la Asignación de Tiempo (CAT) MEMORIA reparte cuidadosamente entre las numerosas peticiones formuladas por los astrofísicos 2009 IAC españoles. 8 El IAC lo integran: - EL INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA (La Laguna - Tenerife) - EL OBSERVATORIO DEL TEIDE (Izaña - Tenerife) - EL OBSERVATORIO DEL ROQUE DE LOS MUCHACHOS (Garafía - La Palma) - EL CENTRO DE ASTROFISICA DE LA PALMA (Breña Baja – La Palma) Se estructura en áreas: - Investigación - Instrumentación - Enseñanza - Administración de Servicios Generales Organos Directivos: Nº Reuniones * CONSEJO RECTOR 1 PRESIDENTE - Ministro de Ciencia e Innovación VOCALES - Presidente del Gobierno de Canarias - Representante de la Administración del Estado - Rector de la Universidad de La Laguna - Presidente del CSIC - Director del IAC * DIRECTOR Organos Colegiados: Nº Reuniones * COMISION ASESORA PARA LA INVESTIGACION (CAI) 1 * COMITE DE DIRECCION (CD) 33 - Consejo de Investigadores 1 - Comisión de Investigación 8 - Comisión de Enseñanza 5 - Comisión de Doctores 6 - Comité de la Biblioteca 2 * COMITE CIENTIFICO INTERNACIONAL (CCI) MEMORIA SUBCOMITES - Finanzas 2 IAC 2009 - Operación del Obs. del Roque de los Muchachos
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    Varri et al. MEETING REPORT A MODEST review Anna Lisa Varri1*, Maxwell Xu Cai2, Francisca Concha-Ram´ırez2, Frantiˇsek Dinnbier3, Nora L¨utzgendorf4, V´aclav Pavl´ık5,6, Sara Rastello7, Antonio Sollima8, Long Wang9 and Alice Zocchi10,11 *Correspondence: [email protected] 1Institute for Astronomy, Abstract University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EH9 We present an account of the state of the art in the fields explored by the 3HJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom research community invested in “Modeling and Observing DEnse STellar Full list of author information is systems” . For this purpose, we take as a basis the activities of the MODEST-17 available at the end of the article conference, which was held at Charles University, Prague, in September 2017. Reviewed topics include recent advances in fundamental stellar dynamics, numerical methods for the solution of the gravitational N-body problem, formation and evolution of young and old star clusters and galactic nuclei, their elusive stellar populations, planetary systems, and exotic compact objects, with timely attention to black holes of different classes of mass and their role as sources of gravitational waves. Such a breadth of topics reflects the growing role played by collisional stellar dynamics in numerous areas of modern astrophysics. Indeed, in the next decade many revolutionary instruments will enable the derivation of positions and velocities of individual stars in the Milky Way and its satellites, and will detect signals from a range of astrophysical sources in different portions of the electromagnetic and gravitational spectrum, with an unprecedented sensitivity. On the one hand, this wealth of data will allow us to address a number of long-standing open questions in star cluster studies; on the other hand, many unexpected properties of these systems will come to light, stimulating further progress of our understanding of their formation and evolution.