Edited Volumes Edited Dealing with the phenomenon that we have termed • Andrija Krešić The book presents valuable contributions to contemporary interpretati- “new nationalism”, strongly colored by xenophobia U svom i našem vremenu ons of nationalism, which has proved to be a uniquely destructive force and framed in identitarian slogans, is an intellectually in the last century. Understanding of nationalism and xenophobia in challenging task. Is new nationalism merely a sequel to • Ка бољој демографској the region will be aided by perspectives offered by these contributors, and one could only hope that the subject of this study will become less the historical one, or something radically different and volumes будућности Србије relevant in the years to come. novel? Nationalism’s most striking feature is perhaps Aleksandar Bošković its Protean character, an extraordinary capacity to • Multiculturalism change and adapt to different political and philosoph- edited in Public Policies ical standpoints: postmodernism, communitarianism, This fine collection of essays dealing with recent forms of national multiculturalism or even liberalism. By appropriating • Кa evropskom društvu - identity and nationalist politics is organized in three well-integrated sections, beginning with studies of the recent revival of xenophobic the arguments of their opponents, by appealing to ograničenja i perspektive political movements in Europe and the USA. The middle section con- justice, equality or right to difference, new nationalist tains studies of the “new nationalism” in its political, philosophical, narratives and practices blur the distinctions between • Филозофија кризе и отпора and legal dimensions, and includes several articles concerned with different theoretical positions and their usual political - мисао и дело Љубомира post-Yugoslav countries, as well as comparative studies of Hungarian implications. They provoke distortions and inversions in Тадића and Arab nationalism. The final section looks at possible responses ot our ideological maps, and testify to their inadequacy for the challenge of nationalistic and xenophobic politics in the current XENOPHOBIA, IDENTITY period. understanding the issues of contemporary world. • Xenophobia, Identity and New Omar Dahbour Forms of Nationalism AND NEW FORMS OF NATIONALISM AND NEW FORMS OF NATIONALISM We particularly appreciate the effort made by this book to arrive EDITED BY | VLADIMIR MILISAVLJEVIĆ AND NATALIJA MIĆUNOVIĆ at a typology of the different contemporary nationalisms. The volume is characterized by a very good balance between expe- rienced and young researchers, representatives of South-West Europe and international guests, as well as between philosophy (a discipline in which several of the instigators of this symposium belong) and other approaches (human sciences, exact sciences, law, literature, journalism in particular). Arnaud François XENOPHOBIA, IDENTITY www.idn.org.rs XENOPHOBIA, IDENTITY AND NEW FORMS OF NATIONALISM PUBLISHED BY Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade 2019 PUBLISHER Goran Bašić, Ph.D. REVIEWERS Prof. Aleksandar Bošković Prof. Omar Dahbour Prof. Arnaud François Suzana Ignjatović, Ph.D. Prof. Alpar Lošonc Prof. Đorđe Pavićević SERIES Edited Volumes SERIES EDITOR Natalija Mićunović, Ph.D. ISBN 978-86-7093-223-4 edited volumes edited XENOPHOBIA, IDENTITY AND NEW FORMS OF NATIONALISM EDITED BY Vladimir Milisavljević and Natalija Mićunović Institute of Social Sciences | Belgrade 2019 Contents 6 152 Editors’ Foreword Ana Dimishkovska Legal Argumentation on Trial: Dissenting 10 Judicial Opinions in Cases Related to Goran Bašić Racial Discrimination Introductory Remarks. Nationalism: What Do Intellectuals Think? 176 Igor Milinković 21 Constitutional Identity as a Shield of New Section I Nationalism? Some Reflections on the Use of XENOPHOBIA INHERITED, the Constitutional Identity Argument in the XENOPHOBIA TRANSFORMED Hungarian Constitutional Court’s Case Law 22 190 Rastko Močnik Dean Komel What is New in the New Forms of Post-Yugoslav Syndrome of Dehumanization Nationalism? The Case of Hungary 206 42 Muharem Bazdulj Lewis R. Gordon Two Faces of Nationalism: The Case of Bosnia Postmodern Fascism and Other Facets of Contemporary Quests for Stability 226 Michał Kozłowski 62 Goodbye Nasser: Dynamics and William Leon McBride Contradictions of Gender Politics in the How to Make a Nation Great Again: Middle East 5 A Primer, Based on Experience 239 volumes edited 70 Section III Natalija Mićunović SOLUTIONS AND OPEN QUESTIONS False Hope of Transnationalism 240 86 Aleksandar Prnjat Paget Henry Xenophobia and Identitarian Nationalism The Rise of American Xenophobia and the Decline of the Global Minotaur 252 Dušan Janjić 109 New Reality and Old Powers: Globalization Section II and Challenges of Preserving Diversity GLOBAL VS. LOCAL AND TOPICAL DIFFERENCES 268 Slobodan Divjak 110 Value Relativism as a Result of the Ugo Vlaisavljević Offensive of Multiculturalism as a Form of The Xenophobic Feeling of Ethnicity: Communitarianism Serbs, Croats and Others 292 132 Vladimir Milisavljević János Boros Farewell to Universalism: Nationalism and Ethics and Identity: Towards a New Xenophobia after the “End of History” Cognitive-Political Order. Based on the Philosophies of Kant, Rawls, Rorty and 317 Vlaisavljević Contributors Editors’ Foreword It has been almost two years since we frst decided to embark on a project of organizing an international philosophical conference which would be devoted to a familiar but highly disturbing subject: the extraordinary upsurge of nationalism in its novel and unprecedented forms, with extreme xenophobia as one of its central features. The conference, organized by the Center for Philosophy of the Institute of Social Sciences, under the title “Xenophobia, Identity and New Forms of Nationalism”, was held on October 4–5 of 2018 in Belgrade. It was attended by 17 lecturers from eight countries, most of them philosophers, but also sociologists, political scientists, jurists, journalists or fction writers. This collective volume is its result. As is well known, at the time of the inception of our idea, the is- sue of new nationalism and xenophobia had already become burning not only in Europe (in the political as well as historical and cultural meaning of the term) but in many other parts of the world too. Sadly, in the meantime, it has gained even more in impetus and signifcance in social, political and institutional life, above all in developed Western countries. Obviously, one of the main reasons for this state of afairs is the (so inappropriately named) “migration problem”, which is in fact the problem of inequality in the world society. If the words “migration” or “immigration” did not fgure in the title of the conference, it is only because their connection to xenophobia, to the new forms of national- ism and to the politics of identity is so manifest, that those terms, as it seemed to us, could be omitted with no harm for the discussion of our subject, and because we hoped that the imposing realities to which they refer would not be overlooked by the participants anyway. This has proven to be true. However, the sheer topicality of the theme was not the only reason for our decision to devote a special attention to it. Dealing with what we have termed “new nationalism”, strongly colored by xenopho- bia and framed in identitarian slogans – most of them newly forged, but highly reminiscent of the past – is above all intellectually challeng- ing, particularly from, dare we say, a philosophical point of view. It in- volves a distinctly philosophical task of identifying the conceptual bor- ders of a historically changing, Protean phenomenon. What is at stake here is the relationship between old and new forms of nationalism, which forms the center of the frst part of the volume (“Xenophobia In- herited, Xenophobia Transformed”). Is new nationalism merely a se- quel to the historical one, or something radically diferent and novel? No doubt this question allows for diferent answers. At the very least, the new nationalism seems to have taken the place in the political spec- trum which was up to now occupied by extremist far-right parties, and 7 deserves for that reason to be treated as their successor. In particular cases, historical continuity is warranted by sticking to the old party volumes edited name, regardless of signifcant and outspoken changes in the party program. However, one may even go so far as to deny altogether that the new xenophobic identitarianism represents a form of nationalism as we have known it, as is the case in the opening article of the frst sec- tion (by Rastko Močnik). Another point calling for refection is the relationship between nationalist and xenophobic practices or feelings and the world of ideas or systems of thought in the broadest sense of the term (treated by Goran Bašić, János Boros, Slobodan Divjak). This relationship is at least twofold, as it can signify either the embeddedness of nationalism in ideological and philosophical matrices which serve to justify it, or the capacity of the latter to deal with nationalism and its detrimental socie- tal efects. Here again, the most striking feature of new nationalism is perhaps its extraordinary capacity to change and adapt to diferent ideological and philosophical standpoints – postmodernism, communi- tarianism, multiculturalism or even liberalism. By appropriating the ar- guments of their opponents – by appealing to justice, equality or right to diference – new nationalist narratives