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INTRODUCTION Hf ATERIALS and METIIODS Research Journal of Rotany 3 (1): 1-8, 2008 ISSN 1816-4919 0 2008 Academic Journals Inc. I3iosystematic Studies in Annonnccae 11. Vegctntive ant! Floral ;\lorphologicnI Studies of Some Genera of Annonnccac in Nigeria A.E. Polorunso and 0. Olorode Depaitment of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun S.zte, Nigcria Abstnct: A vegetative and floral morphological study of the species of Anncnnceae found in Nigeria was conducted in search of intergenerib chvacters that may be of tz..onornic value in the identification and classification of the species. Life plants, fruits, flo\~::rs and seeds were sludied frorn mature plants in the experimental garden. Bob q; rlitative mind quantitative characters were recorded The intergeneric relationships among ar! I between the species of Annonaceae were reported and similarly, adhtional features d: !t may be of taxonomic value in the classification and identification in the fanily are apocx>y, syncarpy, phyllotxxy, monopody, syn~pody,fruit tpand fruit shape have been provi<';.d Kcy words Vegetative, floral, interaeneric, phyllotxxy, apot:arpy, syncarpy, taxonomic INTRODUCTION Annonaceae belongs to thc class Magnolidcac in thc ordcr Magnoliales. :.labbcrley (1987), Brumrnitt (1992) and FoloruGo and Olorode (2006a) reported that the family consists of 2,050 species in 125 genera and they are found mainly in thc tropics. The economic, nutritional and me4cinal importance of the genera of Annonac; ae cannot Ix over- emphasized The fitsand seeds ofxylopia aethiopica are hot to taste and are sol -1 as a spice and as a substitute for can black pepper (Pipernig~i~n).The crushed seeds rublxL:on the forehead cure headache and neuralgia; a decoction of the fruit is used as a lotion for b.)ils and eruptions. An extract of the bark is used in Hausaland as an ointment for sores (Irvine, 1 < 61). The oil kom ,Yylopia actl~iopicais semi-dry, with relatively high saponification vducs and usc2 for making dkyl resins which could be used for making paints (Ajiwe et d.,1998). After roasting anc jrinding, the secds ofMonodora fenuijolia are rubbcd on tlie skin for unspcified skin dseases (I~iic, 196 1). Although the Annonaceae as a family is well circumscribed, its irfra-famil: 11 categories have always becn problematic. Classification at these lcvels are far &om bcing comparablL.with one another, although they all contain valuable insights (Kessler, 1995). A lot of work has been done on the family by several workers including :dora\vctz (1984), Kessler (1995), Johnson (2003) and Folomo and 01orche (2006a) but detailed 5 xdy has not been carried out in respect of some gencra (Monodora, Detmenia, Xylopia and Grecmuaj ?o'endron) tlnt are being investigated in this study. The aim of this study therefore is to carry out a I ctailed vegetative and floral morphological studies on the afore-mentioned gcnera with a view to pr jviding additional feahues that inay be of taxonomic value in the identification and classification in .ne family. hf ATERIALS AND METIIODS J . ,. '-. .. ~ .l:I Life plants, fruits, flowers and seeds of ten to fifteen specimens each ofMonod ,ra, Cleistopholis, ; I Dennettia, X$opia and Greenwayodendron which are largely the available genera fo .id in Nigeria wcre studied Born mature plants between 2000 and 2005 within the experimental garden ofobaferni [ . : ' . ~1, . Correspcn~dlngAUUIO~':-A.~ Folaunso. DcpaNnent of Botany. Obaferni Awolowo University. Ilc-Ire. Niguia . , j j . 1 !.. 1 Res. J. Bot., 3 (1): 1-8, 2008 Awolowo University Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The seeds were germinated in plastic buckets and transplanted drecUy into the soil in the experimental gardcn The habit and habitat of the diffcrcnt species were noted. Qualitative morphological characters studied include thc shape, base, apex, margn, veins and petioles of leaf, phyllotaxy, presence of stipule, growth type, hit-type, shape and fnlit colour when ripe. Also studied are colours of the petals, petal texture, sepal colour, number of stamen and flower typc. The quantitative morphological characters measured are length and breadh of leaves, length md breadth of sepals, length and breadill ofpetals, length and breadth of liuit, length and breadth of see J petiole length and pedicel lerqth. Counts were taken of number of veins, seeds, sepals and petals. Free-hand'diagramsof morphol~calchcters of each species used for the study were also made to highlight some intergeneric differences. RESULTS The vegetative, floral, £nit and seed characteristics of the species studied are also shown below: Monodora len~t~j?otia Ilabil: A small bee Habllat: Fairly open area, level location, soil humid in remnant s0:condnry forest. Leaf: Altcrnatc, elliptic, chartaccous, apex acute, basc acute, margin cntirc. Venation: Eucamptcdromous Phyllotaxy:,Distichous Petiole: Inflated, circular in cross section Growth: Sympodial SHpule: Absent .* Flower: Chasrnogamous Eplcalyx: Absent Sepal: Green, pubescent at edge, 3 in number, margin entire. Petal: Leathery, light yellow with golden spots, margin wavy, outcr petals ovate, inncr pctals clawcd, 6 in number Frult: Yellow with white patches, syncarpous, round, ffuck smooth skin (Fig. 1). Grccnwayodcndron suavcolcns Habit: A shrub Flabitat: Cultivated for ornament Leaf: Alternate, lanceolate, less glabrous on the adadal surface, apex attenuate, base acute, margn wavy. Venation: Eucamptodromous Phyllotaxy: Sr:ral Petiole: Idated, circular in cross section Growtl~:Monopodial Stipule: Absent Flower: Chasrnogamous .f Eplnlyx: Absent ' Sepal: Green, 3 in number, margin entire. Petal: Fleshy, light green, margin entire, lanceolate, 6 in number, rather flimsy at maturity Fruit: Purple, globose carpels, apocarpous, oval, smooth skin (Fig. 2). RCSJ. But., 3 (I): 1-8, 2008 Fig. 1: Diagram of some morphological fcatures of II.fi~tttn/or.ncttrlijolin (.I) Branch, (b)Lcaf, (c) Flower, (d) Fruit and (e) Seed Fig. 2: Diagram of some mo~hological features of Greert~c~c~yodutrdrorrst~r:~~colou (a) Branch. (b) Leaf, (c) Flower, (d) Fruit and (e) Seed . , , ... j; . 1.. 1'' , r .' I.. Rcs. J. Bot.. 3 (1): 1-R. 2OO<Y Fig. 3: Diagram of some lnorphological features of Detu~etrintripetola (ni Branch, (b) Leaf, (c) Flower, (d) Fruit and (e) Seed Denrrcttia fripetnln . Habit: Medium-sized tree IJabitat: Forest LeaC Alternate, oblong, coriaceous, apex acurninate, base cuneate, margin entire. Venation: Eucamptodromous Phyllotaxy: Spiral Petiole: inflated, circular in cross section Groivtl~:Sympodial Stipule: Absent Flower: Ck 1smogamous Epicalyx: Absent Sepal: Green, vcry broad, pubcscent, 3 in numbcr. Petal: Fleshy, light green, margin entire, lanceolate, 3 in number. Fruit: Lizht yellow, apocarpous (Fig. 3). Xylopin netlriopica Llabit: Medium-sized tree Habitat: Secondary forest 1 Leak Alternate; oblong, coriaceous, apex acuminafe, base acute, margin entire Venation: Eucamptodromous Phyllotkxy: Spiral I Petiole: inflated, circular in cross section Growtll: Sympodial.- --. Res. J. Bol., 3 (I): I-8, 2008 Fig. 4: Diagram of some niorphological features of Xylopia aerhiopica (a) = B:anch, (b) = Lenf, (c) = Flower, (d) = Fruit and (e) = Seed Stipule: Abscnl Flower: Clrasniogarnous Epicalyx: .4bscnt Sepal: Grce~~,3 in nuniber, margin entire Petal: Fleshy, light green, margin entire, lanceolate, G in number. Fruit: Black, apocarpous (pod like) (Fig. 4). Cleislopl~olis prrtetrs: Habit: Tree Habitat: Secondary forest Lenf: Ntcmate. Ianccolate, coriaceous, adaxial surface glabrous glossy. apex attcnuatc, base obtl~sc. margin cntirc. Venation: Euca~nptodro~nous Phyllotaxy: Distichous Petiole: inflated, circular in cross section Growth: Monopodial Stipule: Absent Flower: Cleistogamous Epicalyx: Absent I Sepnl: Green, s~iall,3 in numbei Petal: Flcshy, green, margin entire, spatulate, 6 in nu~nbcr Fruit: Green, apocarpous, round; one seed pcr carpcl (Fig. 5). Rcs. J. Bot., 3 (I): 1-9, 2008 . Fig. 5: Diagram of some morpliological fcaturcs of Clcis~opl~olispoiiv1.r (a) Branch, (b) Lcaf, (c) Flowcr, (d) Fruit and (c) Sccd Fig. 6: Dcndrograil bascd on qumititativc attributes of vcgctativc parts of thc spccics of iulnonaccac Res. J. Bot., 3 (1): 1-8, 2008 Fig. 7: Denclrograrn based pn quantitative attributrs of floral parts of Ule species of annonaceae Quantitative attributes of vegetative parts of the species of honaceae shown in Fig. 6. Based on the type of carpels, there are two main clusters, the Erst main cluster comprises of Greenwayodendron suaveolens, Dennetria rripctda, Xylopia aethiopica and Clcistopl~olispafcr~s species, all these species are apocarpous. The second main cluster consist of A4onodora fcrnri/olia species that are syncarpous. On the basis of phyllotauy, Cleistopholispa~cnrand ,l~ionodoraccmr@lia being distichous are intergenerically related, similarly, Grccnwayodend.on m/nveolens, Dennettia tripetda andxylopia aethiopica have spiral phyllotq anh are intergenerically rAated. In the cluster of Grecnlvayodendron suaveolens, Dennettia tripctala and Xylopia aethiopica. the last hvo species shared similar growth pattern hat is sympodial and are more closely related, Green~vayodendrorz suaveolet~shave monopodial growth pattern Greemvayodcndron suaveolcns, Cleisropholispnrens, Dcnnettia tripefala an0 Xylopin actliiopicn maintains their apocarpy position while Monodora lem~oliaspecies maintain Uleir syncarpy position. Based on Guit shape, Greenwayodendron suaveolens and CIeistopholispatem :se in a cluster whle Dennelfia trip' 'afaand Xylopia oethiopica are in another cluster (Fig. 7). DISCUSSION Leaf morphology has remained
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