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Madah, Volume 4, Nomor 1, Edisi April 2013 DIKSI DALAM

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Madah, Volume 4, Nomor 1, Edisi April 2013 DIKSI DALAM DIKSI DALAM RETORIKA ANAS URBANINGRUM Irfariati Balai Bahasa Provinsi Riau Jalan Binawidya, Komplek Universitas Riau, Panam, Pekanbaru 28293 Pos-el: [email protected] Abstract As a party leader who is good at rhetoric and vocabulary, Anas Urbaningrum has great ability to choose the most suitable words to deliver his opinion and ideas and to use effective, polite, and connotative words. The purpose of this study is to describe the rhetoric and diction at Anas Urbaningrum resignation speech as the chairman of the party. This study uses the qualitative research methods using the discourse analysis. The research findings of this study show that the speech delivered by Anas Urbaningrum when announcing his resignation as the chairman of Partai Demokrat contains connotation, denotation, scientific, popular, special, general, abstract and concrete diction. Keywords: rhetoric, diction, Anas Urbaningrum‘s speech Abstrak Sebagai seorang pemimpin partai yang pandai beretorika dan luas kosakatanya, Anas Urbaningrum memiliki kemampuan yang tinggi untuk memilih setepat-tepatnya kata mana yang paling harmonis untuk mewakili maksud atau gagasannya serta menggunakan kata-kata yang efektif, santun, dan bermakna konotasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan diksi dalam retorika Anas Urbaningrum dalam menyampaikan pidato pengunduran dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum Partai Demokrat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis wacana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pidato pengunduran diri Anas Urbaningrum sebagai Ketua Umum Partai Demokrat menggunakan diksi konotasi, denotasi, ilmiah, populer, khusus, umum, abstrak, dan diksi konkret. Kata Kunci: diksi, retorika, pidato Anas Urbaningrum simbol sebagai media. Lambang sebagai naskah masuk : 20 Januari 2013 media primer dalam proses komunikasi naskah diterima : 13 Februari 2013 yang paling sering digunakan adalah bahasa, karena mampu menerjemahkan 1. Pendahuluan dengan baik pikiran seseorang kepada Proses komunikasi pada hakikatnya orang lain. Akan tetapi, tidak semua orang adalah proses penyampaian pikiran atau pandai memilih kata-kata yang tepat, perasaan seseorang (komunikator) kepada lengkap, dan sesuai yang dapat orang lain (komunikan). Pikiran bisa mencerminkan pikiran dan perasaan yang berupa gagasan, informasi, opini, dan lain- sesungguhnya. Selain itu, sebuah perkataan lain yang muncul dalam benaknya. belum tentu memiliki makna yang sama Perasaan bisa berupa keyakinan, kepastian, bagi semua orang. Maka, dalam keragu-raguan, kekhawatiran, kemarahan, komunikasi diperlukan pilihan kata atau keberanian, kegairahan, dan sebagainya yang timbul dari lubuk hatinya (Uchana, diksi yang tepat agar pesan atau informasi 1984). Dalam proses penyampaian pikiran yang ingin disampaikan dapat diterima atau perasaan itu diperlukan lambang atau secara benar dan efektif. 11 Madah, Volume 4, Nomor 1, Edisi April 2013 Menurut Enre (1988), diksi atau Berdasarkan hal yang telah diuraikan, pilihan kata adalah penggunaan kata-kata penulis akan membahas diksi dalam secara tepat untuk mewakili pikiran dan retorika Anas Urbaningrum dalam perasaan yang ingin dinyatakan dalam pola menyampaikan pidato pengunduran suatu kalimat. Pendapat lain dikemukakan dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum Partai oleh Widyamartaya (1990) yang Demokrat. Pidato tanpa teks Anas menjelaskan bahwa diksi atau pilihan kata Urbaningrum dalam menyampaikan adalah kemampuan seseorang membedakan pernyataan pengunduran dirinya kepada secara tepat nuansa-nuansa makna sesuai publik dinilai sarat dengan muatan politik. dengan gagasan yang ingin Jumpa pers pun dilakukan guna disampaikannya, dan kemampuan tersebut mengumumkan berita penting ini. Pidato hendaknya disesuaikan dengan situasi dan ini tidak hanya menyampaikan berita nilai rasa yang dimiliki sekelompok pengunduran dirinya saja, tetapi juga masyarakat dan pendengar atau pembaca. tersirat akan ada usaha untuk pembelaan Diksi atau pilihan kata selalu mengandung diri serta perlawanan dari Anas akan status ketepatan makna dan kesesuaian situasi dan tersangka yang telah diterimanya dari KPK nilai rasa yang ada pada pembaca atau (Komisi Pemberantasan korupsi). pendengar. Berkenaan dengan latar belakang yang Pilihan kata menjadi syarat mutlak telah dipaparkan, penulis dapat karena dapat menunjukkan kemampuan merumuskan masalah pokok yang menjadi dan tingkat kecerdasan seseorang. Seorang prioritas analisis dalam tulisan ini, yaitu pemimpin yang luas kosa katanya akan bagaimanakah penggunaan diksi dalam memiliki kemampuan yang tinggi untuk retorika Anas Urbaningrum dalam memilih setepat-tepatnya kata mana yang menyampaikan pidato pengunduran paling harmonis untuk mewakili maksud dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum Partai atau gagasannya serta menggunakan kata- Demokrat? kata yang efektif, santun, dan bermakna Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, tujuan konotasi, sehingga pendengar dapat penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan mengartikan sendiri kalimat-kalimat yang penggunaan diksi dalam retorika Anas diberikan. Keterbatasan kosakata yang Urbaningrum saat menyampaikan pidato dimiliki seseorang dalam kehidupan sehari- pengunduran dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum hari dapat membuat seseorang tersebut Partai Demokrat. mengalami kesulitan mengungkapkan Melalui tulisan ini diharapkan dapat maksudnya kepada orang lain. Sebaliknya, memberikan informasi yang lebih jika seseorang terlalu berlebihan dalam kompleks bagaimana penggunaan diksi menggunakan kosa kata, dapat mempersulit dalam retorika Anas Urbaningrum saat penerimaan dan pemahaman maksud dari menyampaikan pidato pengunduran isi pesan yang hendak disampaikan. Oleh dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum Partai karena itu, agar tidak terjadi hal demikian, Demokrat. seseorang harus mengetahui dan Setidaknya ada dua penelitian tentang memahami bagaimana pemakaian kata diksi dalam pidato yang pernah dilakukan dalam komunikasi. Salah satu yang harus seEelumnya. 3enelitian EerMudul —Analisis dikuasai adalah diksi atau pilihan kata. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa terhadap Pidato Dengan penguasaan bahasa yang Soekarno Tanggal 1 -uni 1945“ yang sempurna, termasuk pilihan kata yang tepat dilakukan oleh Heru Purwanta (2010), dalam beretorika, maka kepercayaan akan Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas sosok pemimpin yang diharapkan akan Maret, Surakarta. Penelitian lain berjudul timbul dengan sendirinya, walaupun apa —Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa dalam Pidato yang disampaikan itu hanya janji-janji saja 3residen Soeharto“ dilakukan oleh Dwi tanpa ada kelanjutan untuk direalisasikan. Ningwang Agustin (2008) Jurusan Sastra 12 Madah, Volume 4, Nomor 1, Edisi April 2013 Indonesia, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas mempunyai referen berupa konsep, kata Negeri Malang. Penelitian tentang diksi abstrak sukar digambarkan karena dalam retorika Anas Urbaningrum dalam referensinya tidak dapat diserap dengan menyampaikan pidato pengunduran pancaindera manusia. (d) Kata konkret, dirinya sebagai Ketua Umum Partai adalah kata yang menunjuk pada sesuatu Demokrat ini belum pernah dilakukan yang dapat dilihat atau diindera secara sebelumnya. langsung oleh satu atau lebih dari Keraf (2006) menyatakan bahwa pancaindera. Kata-kata konkrit menunjuk pilihan kata atau diksi jauh lebih luas dari kepada barang yang aktual dan spesifik apa yang dipantulkan oleh jalinan kata-kata dalam pengalaman. Kata konkrit digunakan itu. Pilihan kata tidak hanya mengacu pada untuk menyajikan gambaran yang hidup kata-kata mana yang akan dipakai untuk dalam pikiran pembaca melebihi kata-kata mengungkapkan suatu ide atau gagasan, yang lain. (e) Kata umum, adalah kata yang tetapi juga meliputi fraselogi, gaya bahasa, mempunyai cakupan ruang lingkup yang dan ungkapan. Selanjutnya Keraf luas, kata-kata umum menunjuk kepada menurunkan tiga kesimpulan utama banyak hal, kepada himpunan, dan kepada mengenai diksi, antara lain sebagai berikut: keseluruhan. (f) Kata khusus, adalah kata- (a) Pilihan kata atau diksi mencakup kata yang mengacu kepada objek yang pengertian kata-kata mana yang dipakai khusus. (g) Kata ilmiah, adalah kata yang untuk menyampaikan gagasan, bagaimana dipakai oleh kaum terpelajar, terutama membentuk pengelompokkan kata-kata dalam tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. (h) Kata yang tepat; (b) Pilihan kata atau diksi populer, adalah kata-kata yang umum adalah kemampuan membedakan secara dipakai oleh semua lapisan masyarakat, tepat nuansa-nuansa makna dari gagasan baik oleh kaum terpelajar atau oleh orang yang ingin disampaikan dan kemampuan kebanyakan. (i) Jargon, adalah kata-kata menemukan bentuk yang sesuai atau cocok teknis atau rahasia dalam suatu bidang ilmu dengan situasi dan nilai rasa yang dimiliki tertentu, dalam bidang seni, perdagangan, kelompok masyarakat pendengar; (c) kumpulan rahasia, atau kelompok- Pilihan kata yang tepat dan sesuai hanya kelompok khusus lainnya. (j) Kata slang, dimungkinkan penguasaan sejumlah besar adalah kata-kata non standard yang kosa kata atau perbendaharaan kata bahasa. informal, yang disusun secara khas, Sedangkan pembagian jenis-jenis diksi bertenaga dan jenaka yang dipakai dalam menurut Keraf adalah sebagai berikut. (a) percakapan, kata slang juga merupakan Denotasi, adalah konsep dasar yang kata-kata yang tinggi atau murni. (k) Kata didukung oleh suatu kata (makna itu pada indra, adalah pengunaan kata yang konsep, referen, atau ide). Denotasi juga menyatakan pengalaman yang dicerap oleh merupakan batasan kamus atau definisi pancaindra. utama suatu kata, sebagai lawan dari pada Penelitian ini menggunakan metode konotasi atau makna yang ada kaitannya penelitian
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