Mobile Policy Handbook An insider’s guide to the issues 2019 Do you have Mobile Policy the knowledge? Handbook Can you take An insider’s guide to the issues a position? Will you lead the debate? © 2019 GSMA About this Handbook World-Changing Trends Ever since the introduction of the first digital cellular services for commercial use in The world has pivoted towards digital technologies to enable seamless communication, the 1990s, mobile networks have spread, evolved and changed our world. Massive connection, commerce and all manner of internet-enabled services and solutions. These infrastructure investment and competition among mobile operators, supported by technologies are indelibly changing the way businesses operate and the way people live, enabling policies and regulation, have led to continual improvements in network speed work and play. and quality and have extended the reach of mobile services to the most remote rural communities. Mobile networks are at the heart of this digital transformation, as the primary channel over which people communicate and access online applications and the internet. The GSMA believes that a country’s citizens benefit most when the private and public However, the industry itself is now going through a transformation as it looks to a future sectors work together in a spirit of openness and trust, as policymakers and regulators that will be opened up by fifth-generation, or 5G, mobile networks. create the conditions that can attract telecoms investment, encourage innovation and strengthen digital trust. It will appear in cities first, where mobile data volumes are climbing fastest and where a return on investment is most readily achieved. And it will seamlessly coexist with earlier This is why we are committed to supporting governments and regulators in their mobile generations, which will connect citizens to the mobile internet for years to come. efforts to introduce pro-investment telecommunications policies. The Mobile Policy Handbook: An Insider’s Guide to the Issues is part of the GSMA’s efforts to promote such Many countries will host their first commercial 5G network deployments in the next three collaboration. A unique resource that assembles a range of policy topics and mobile years. The digital economy needs 5G to respond to booming demand for mobile data, industry positions and initiatives under one cover, it acts as a signpost to regulatory enable a massive Internet of Things (IoT) and make possible an array of services that best practice. require fast, dependable, low-latency connectivity. As the global trade association of mobile operators, the GSMA conducts and Governments have embraced the vision of 5G as the catalyst for economic growth commissions research on policy trends and challenges in the fast-moving mobile and beneficial services. However, significant new investment will be needed to fund communications market. This handbook draws on the association’s unique insight into equipment costs as well as spectrum access licences and regulatory costs. Governments the mobile sector and presents it in a practical way for those who want to explore the as well as regulatory authorities will therefore play a crucial role in enabling efficient and issues and unleash the value of mobile technology in their own market. timely deployment of next generation mobile networks while bringing down the costs for operators. In this seventh edition of the Mobile Policy Handbook, new policy topics and industry positions have been introduced covering areas such as 5G and spectrum sharing. 5G networks will be central to the realisation of an advanced digital economy and society, Throughout the book, the content has been refreshed with up-to-date statistics, new but supportive policy and regulations must be deployed to make 5G a reality. We hope resources and industry insights. this handbook will prove useful as a compass to help navigate the policy and regulatory challenges that lie ahead on the path to the next generation. The online version of this resource — www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/handbook — offers an always up-to-date catalogue of the mobile industry’s policy positions. Readers are encouraged to contact the GSMA if they have any questions or requests for more information. E-mail us at [email protected]. #BetterFuture #BetterFuture — Introduction 10 Improving the Industry's Impact on the SDGs 12 Mobile For Development Mobile For Development — Introduction 18 Connected Society 20 Connected Women 22 Digital Identity 24 Ecosystem Accelerator 26 Mobile Agriculture 28 Mobile for Development Utilities 30 Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation 32 Mobile Health 34 Mobile Money 36 Capacity Building GSMA Capacity Building 38 Mobile Initiatives Mobile Initiatives — Introduction 44 Future Networks — Introduction 46 5G — The Path to the Next Generation 48 IP Communication Services 50 Voice over Long Term Evolution 52 Internet of Things — Introduction 54 Connected Drones (UAVs) 56 Connected Vehicles 58 Privacy and Data Protection for IoT 60 Smart Cities and IoT 62 Identity — Introduction 64 Mobile Connect 66 Business Environment Spectrum Licensing 144 Business Environment — Introduction 68 Spectrum Licence Renewal 146 Policies for Progress 70 Spectrum Sharing 148 Base Station Siting and Safety 72 Spectrum Trading 152 Competition 76 Technology Neutrality and Change of Use 154 Efficient Mobile Market Structures 80 TV White Space 158 Infrastructure Sharing 84 Consumer Protection Intellectual Property Rights — Copyright 88 Consumer Protection — Introduction 160 Intellectual Property Rights — Patents 90 Addressing Cybersecurity Challenges 162 International Mobile Roaming 92 Children and Mobile Technology 164 Mobile Termination Rates 94 Cross-Border Flows of Data 168 Net Neutrality 96 Electromagnetic Fields and Health 172 Over-The-Top Voice and Messaging Communication Apps 100 eWaste 178 Passive Infrastructure Providers 102 Illegal Content 180 Quality of Service 104 Internet Governance 184 Single Wholesale Networks 108 Mandated Government Access 186 Taxation 112 Mandated Service Restriction Orders 190 Universal Service Funds 116 Mandatory Registration of Prepaid SIMs 192 Spectrum Management and Licensing Mobile Devices: Counterfeit 194 Spectrum Management and Licensing — Introduction 118 Mobile Devices: Theft 196 Core Mobile Bands 120 Mobile Network and Device Security 198 5G Spectrum 122 Number-Resource Misuse and Fraud 200 Digital Dividend 124 Privacy 204 Limiting Interference 128 Privacy and Big Data 208 Spectrum Auctions 132 Signal Inhibitors (Jammers) 210 Spectrum for Drones (UAVs) 136 Appendix Spectrum for IoT 138 GSMA Intelligence 212 Spectrum Harmonisation 140 10 #BetterFuture Mobile Policy Handbook 11 #BetterFuture The UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable essential humanitarian assistance during Development details 17 Sustainable epidemics and natural or climate-related Development Goals (SDGs) that act as the disasters. Since committing to the SDGs, world’s to-do list to end poverty, reduce the mobile industry has played a much inequalities and tackle climate change. larger and increasingly expanding role in humanitarian response. In 2017, the With its unprecedented scale and growing response efforts of mobile operator impact on daily lives, mobile is a powerful signatories and humanitarian partners in tool for achieving the SDGs. Countries with the Humanitarian Connectivity Charter high levels of mobile connectivity have reached more than 30 million people made the most progress in meeting their affected by crisis and disasters. SDG commitments — put simply, quality of life improves as people gain access to There are three specific characteristics — mobile technology. covered in greater detail overleaf — that explain how the mobile industry continues The GSMA has reviewed the industry’s to increase its contribution across all contributions towards achieving the goals SDGs: deployment of infrastructure and in three in-depth reports since 2015. The networks; access and connectivity; and 2018 edition of the Mobile Industry Impact enabling services and relevant content. Report highlights that the industry is continuing to build on the positive impact Furthermore, new and emerging areas it is having across all 17 SDGs. — such as IoT, Big Data and artificial intelligence — are demonstrating their The strongest overall impact is on SDG9 potential to have transformative impacts — industry, innovation and infrastructure. on peoples’ lives. Mobile is enabling innovation and new business models such as the sharing The industry has a clear incentive to drive economy, mobile savings and credit, and improvements beyond ‘business as usual’ pay-as-you-go solar models to access and accelerate activities that contribute clean energy. It also allows businesses to the SDGs. The reason is that the SDGs to expand trade and enhances the not only ensure a healthy and viable productivity of industry. society but also offer new and substantial commercial opportunities, through The report highlights that, out of all more inclusive and prosperous societies, the goals, the mobile industry’s impact dynamic and inclusive marketplaces, on SDG13 (Climate Action) and SDG11 reliable regulatory frameworks and thriving (Sustainable Cities and Communities) has ecosystems. Detailed over the next six improved most from its 2015 baseline. pages is a small selection of ways in which A key driver of this increased impact the industry is driving these improvements. is the use of mobile phones to provide 12 #BetterFuture Mobile Policy Handbook