Man Meets Dog Konrad Lorenz 144 Pages Konrad Z

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Man Meets Dog Konrad Lorenz 144 Pages Konrad Z

a How, why and when did man meet dog and cat? How much are they in fact guided by instinct, and what sort of intelligence have they? What is the nature of their affection or attachment to the human race? Professor Lorenz says that some dogs are descended from wolves and some from jackals, with strinkingly different results in canine personality. These differences he explains in a book full of entertaining stories and reflections. For, during the course of a career which has brought him world fame as a scientist and as the author of the best popular book on animal behaviour, King Solomon's Ring, the author has always kept and bred dogs and cats. His descriptions of dogs 'with a conscience', dogs that 'lie', and the fallacy of the 'false cat' are as amusing as his more thoughtful descriptions of facial expressions in dogs and cats and their different sorts of loyalty are fascinating. "...this gifted and vastly experiences naturalist writes with the rational sympathy of the true animal lover. He deals, in an entertaining, anectdotal way, with serious problems of canine behaviour." The Times Educational Supplement "...an admirable combination of wisdom and wit." Sunday Observer Konrad Lorenz Man Meets Dog Konrad Lorenz 144 Pages Konrad Z. Lorenz, born in 1903 in Vienna, studied Medicine and Biology. Rights Sold: UK/USA, France, In 1949, he founded the Institute for Comparative Behaviourism in China (simplified characters), Italy, Altenberg (Austria) and changed to the Max-Planck-Institute in 1951. Hungary, Romania, Korea, From 1961 to 1973, he was director of Max-Planck-Institute for Ethology Slovakia, Spain, Georgia, Russia, in Seewiesen near Starnberg. Konrad Lorenz is one of the founders of Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, Serbia comparative ethology. In 1973, he won the the Nobel Prize for Medicine Rights available again: Portugal, and Physiology together with Karl von Frisch and Nikolaas Tinbergen. He Sweden, Latvia, Netherlands, died February 27th, 1989. Czech Republic,Poland, ISBN 978-3-423-20113-1 More titles from Konrad Lorenz On Aggression, dtv Sachbuch, Taschenbuch, ISBN 978-3-423-33017-6 King Solomon's Ring, dtv Sachbuch, Hardcover, ISBN 978-3-423-28165-2 dtv Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co.KG Tumblingerstraße 21 80337 München [email protected].

Copy Link

Recommended publications

On the Aggression Diffusion Modeling and Minimization in Online Social
On the Aggression Diffusion Modeling and Minimization in Twitter MARINOS POIITIS, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ATHENA VAKALI, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece NICOLAS KOURTELLIS, Telefonica Research, Spain Aggression in online social networks has been studied mostly from the perspective of machine learning which detects such behavior in a static context. However, the way aggression diffuses in the network has received little attention as it embeds modeling challenges. In fact, modeling how aggression propagates from one user to another, is an important research topic since it can enable effective aggression monitoring, especially in media platforms which up to now apply simplistic user blocking techniques. In this paper, we address aggression propagation modeling and minimization in Twitter, since it is a popular microblogging platform at which aggression had several onsets. We propose various methods building on two well-known diffusion models, Independent Cascade (퐼퐶) and Linear Threshold (!) ), to study the aggression evolution in the social network. We experimentally investigate how well each method can model aggression propagation using real Twitter data, while varying parameters, such as seed users selection, graph edge weighting, users’ activation timing, etc. It is found that the best performing strategies are the ones to select seed users with a degree-based approach, weigh user edges based on their social circles’ overlaps, and activate users according to their aggression levels. We further employ the best performing models to predict which ordinary real users could become aggressive (and vice versa) in the future, and achieve up to 퐴*퐶=0.89 in this prediction task. Finally, we investigate aggression minimization by launching competitive cascades to “inform” and “heal” aggressors.
[Show full text]
The Ethological Approach to Aggression1
Psychological Medicine, 1980,10, 607-609 Printed in Great Britain EDITORIAL The ethological approach to aggression1 There are several ways in which ethology, the biological study of behaviour, can contribute to our understanding of aggression. First of all, by studying animals we can get some idea of what aggression is and how it relates to other, similar patterns of behaviour. We can also begin to grasp the reasons why natural selection has led to the widespread appearance of apparently destructive behaviour. To come to grips with this question requires the study of animals in their natural environment, for this is the environment to which they are adapted and only in it can the survival value of their behaviour be appreciated. By contrast, a final contribution of ethology, that of understanding the causal mechanisms underlying aggression, usually comes from work in the laboratory, for such research requires carefully controlled experiments. Ethology has shed light on all these topics, perhaps parti- cularly in the 15 years since Konrad Lorenz, one of the founding fathers of the discipline, discussed the subject in his book On Aggression. Lorenz's views were widely publicized and had great popular appeal: the fact that few ethologists agreed with what he said may explain why so many have since devoted time to studying aggression. The result, as I shall argue here, is that ethologists now have a much better insight into what aggression is, how it is caused and what functions it serves, and it is an insight sharply at odds with the ideas put forward by Lorenz.
[Show full text]
Primate Aggression and Evolution: an Overview of Sociobiological and Anthropological Perspectives JAMES J
Primate Aggression and Evolution: An Overview of Sociobiological and Anthropological Perspectives JAMES J. McKENNA Attempts to explain the nature and causes of human aggression are hand icapped primarily because aggression is anything but a unitary concept. Aggression has no single etiology, no matter which mammalian species we consider or what kind of causation (developmental or evolutionary) we stress. Nevertheless, forensic psychiatrists are asked to evaluate instances of human aggression in ways that would send shivers up the spines of researchers who have been wrestling with the issue for over fifty years. This is not to say forensic psychiatry should be abolished nor to suggest be havioral scientists have not made progress in discovering causes of species aggression in genera}l and human violence in particular.2 But especially when predictive models are considered it does mean we are far from achiev ing highly reliable results.:l Particularly when one person is asked to assess the motivational state of another who has committed a serious aggressive act it becomes more evident just how much more data we need. Strangely, if a forensic psychia trist were asked to testify in a case in which, let us say, one monkey attacked another, the testimony would be based on more complete information than a case involving a human. This is because a plethora of context-specific data on nonhuman primates are available. These data illuminate a wide range of social, ecological, and endocrinological circumstances under which animals will be expected to act aggressively. Data on humans are much more complex, and sometimes they are absent altogether.
[Show full text]
Warfare in an Evolutionary Perspective
Received: 26 November 2018 Revised: 7 May 2019 Accepted: 18 September 2019 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21806 REVIEW ARTICLE Warfare in an evolutionary perspective Bonaventura Majolo School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Sarah Swift Building, Lincoln, UK Abstract The importance of warfare for human evolution is hotly debated in anthropology. Correspondence Bonaventura Majolo, School of Psychology, Some authors hypothesize that warfare emerged at least 200,000–100,000 years BP, University of Lincoln, Sarah Swift Building, was frequent, and significantly shaped human social evolution. Other authors claim Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln LN5 7AT, UK. Email: [email protected] that warfare is a recent phenomenon, linked to the emergence of agriculture, and mostly explained by cultural rather than evolutionary forces. Here I highlight and crit- ically evaluate six controversial points on the evolutionary bases of warfare. I argue that cultural and evolutionary explanations on the emergence of warfare are not alternative but analyze biological diversity at two distinct levels. An evolved propen- sity to act aggressively toward outgroup individuals may emerge irrespective of whether warfare appeared early/late during human evolution. Finally, I argue that lethal violence and aggression toward outgroup individuals are two linked but distinct phenomena, and that war and peace are complementary and should not always be treated as two mutually exclusive behavioral responses. KEYWORDS aggression, competition, conflict, cooperation, peace, social evolution, violence, war 1 | INTRODUCTION and others on the importance of organized/cooperative actions among members of one social group against members of the opposing The question of whether humans are innately peaceful or aggressive group.5 Clearly, how we define warfare affects how deep we can go has fascinated scientists and philosophers for centuries.1,2 Wars, eth- back in time in human evolution to investigate its emergence and evo- nic or religious contests, and intra-group or intra-family violence are lutionary bases.
[Show full text]
Law in Sociobiological Perspective
Florida State University Law Review Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 2 Spring 1977 Law in Sociobiological Perspective Dr. Margaret Gruter Stanford University, Program in Human Biology Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Dr. Margaret Gruter, Law in Sociobiological Perspective, 5 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 181 (1977) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol5/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW IN SOCIOBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE DR. MARGARET GRUTER* I. INTRODUCTION This article is intended to acquaint legal scholars with recent findings in the biologically based behavioral sciences which may be relevant to an understanding of legal phenomena. The ideas expressed herein may stimulate further inquiries and research into the inter- action of law and behavior and may help bridge the gap between the natural sciences and the empirical studies of law. Legal research will keep pace more effectively with rapid changes in human society if the findings of the basic sciences are known and accepted by legal scholars. In view of the danger to the very continua- tion of the human species, due in part to the advancement in the natural sciences, legal research is of the utmost importance. Knowledge is neutral: what we do with it is crucial. Scientific research, with the help of law, could better our social order, but only if law builds on scientific research.
[Show full text]
Animal Behaviour, by Niko Tinbergen and the Editors of Life. Time-Life International, 32S
42 Oryx members a striking remark made to him ten years ago by a knowledgeable man, not a South African, "Survival of wild life is surer south of the Limpopo than north of the Zambesi." Translocation of the square-lipped rhinoceros to reserves north of the Zambesi, and the scientific development of the techniques of immobilisation (so conspicuously by Harthoorn) are matters of greatest promise for survival of Africa's wild life farther north. The nene goose of Hawaii still carries a white card, but its status is happier than it was in 1948, thanks to rearing in captivity, in which project the Wildfowl Trust took such a pioneer part. These books are necessarily expensive, but if they are used they will be a good buy, and the price includes the cost of replacement sheets up to December, 1970. If they are used they will be creating up-to-date interest and helping to achieve what we so earnestly desire. These are books which will be constantly new and important. F. FRASER DARLING The Alien Animals: the story of imported wildlife, by George Laycock. Doubleday, New York, $4.95. More and more people are becoming interested in man's own contribution to local faunas in various parts of the world, the innumerable animals he has accidentally or deliberately introduced in various countries outside their natural range. So far there have been a number of books on intro- duced animals in geographically restricted areas, such as Niethammer's on Europe, Clark's on New Zealand, and my own on the British Isles, but I do not know of any general survey on a world-wide basis in book form other than Charles Elton's, which deals with general principles rather than individual instances.
[Show full text]
Human Aggression in Evolutionary Psychological Perspective
Clinical Psychology Review. Vol. 17. No. 6, pp. 603419, 1995 Copyright 0 1997 Elserier Science I.td Pergamon Printed in the LISA. All rights reserved 027%7358/97 $17.00 + .OO PI1 s0272-7358(97)00037-8 HUMAN AGGRESSION IN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE David M. Buss University of Texas at Austin Todd K. Shackelford Florida Atlantic University ABSTRACT. This article proposes an evolutionary psychological account of human aggression. The psychological mechanisms underlying aggression are hypothesized to he context-sensitive solutions to particular adaptive problems of social living. Seven adaptive problems are prqbosed for which aggression might have evolved as a solution - co-opting the resources of others, defending against attack, inflicting costs on same-sex rivals, negotiating status and power hierarchies, deterring rivals from future aggression, deterring mates from sexual infidelity, and reducing resources expended on genetically unrelated children. We outline several of the con texts in which humans confront these adaptive problems and the evolutionary logic of why men are cross-culturally more violently aggressive than women in particular contexts. The article con eludes with a limited review of the empirical evidence surrounding each of the seven hypothesized functions of aggression and discusses the status and limitations of the current evolutionary psychological account. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd ANCIENT HOMINID skeletal remains have been discovered that contain cranial and rib fractures that appear inexplicable except by the force of clubs and weapons that stab (Trinkaus & Zimmerman, 1982). Fragments from the weapons are occasionally found lodged in skeletal rib cages. As paleontological detective work has become increasingly sophisticated, evidence of violence among our ancestors has mush- This article was prepared while Todd K.
[Show full text]
Nurture Becomes Nature:! the Evolving Place of Psychology in the Theory of Evolution! Tutor: Prof
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA! ! Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione! Dipartimento di Scienze Umane per la Formazione “R. Massa”! Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze della Formazione e della Comunicazione! XXVI Ciclo! Curriculum “Sviluppo Organizzativo e Comunicazione Multimediale”! ! ! ! Nurture becomes nature:! the evolving place of psychology in the theory of evolution! ! ! ! Tutor: Prof. Romano MADERA! ex Prof. Dietelmo PIEVANI! Tesi di Dottorato di! Giorgio TARDITI SPAGNOLI! Matricola 744875! ! ! Anni Accademici 2011-2013! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! To my three mentors:! ! Ernst Haeckel! who recapitulated the Body until the two columns of the Soul World.! ! Ex Deo Nascimur.! ! Carl G. Jung! who individuated the Soul until the threshold of the Spirit World.! ! In Christo Morimur.! ! Rudolf Steiner! who freed the Human Spirit in the lap of the World Spirit.! ! ! Per Spiritum Sanctum Reviviscimus.! "2 Background to the thesis here presented! At the beginning of this PhD project I focused my research on the status of the so called Extended Synthesis (ES). Taking as the main reference the book Evolution – The Extended Synthesis edited by Massimo Pigliucci and Gerd Müller (2010). The first phase of this work consisted in the bibliographical research necessary to tackle the caveats of the ES while the second phase was aimed to acknowledge its theoretical aspects so to integrate it in the current theory of evolution.! Delving deeper into this aspect I and Sara Baccei, a PhD student of Biology at the Zoo.Plant.Lab. of the Biology Department at the University Milan-Bicocca, did a research that could bound together an empirical perspective with a theoretical one. So Baccei added her knowledge in molecular biology to my philosophical perspective on evolvability, or the “evolution of evolution”, a central theme in the ES (Pigliucci, 2008).
[Show full text]
Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour
Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour Kevin N. Laland Gillian R. Brown OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SN-Prelims (i-xii) 3/4/02 12:22 PM Page i Sense and Nonsense SN-Prelims (i-xii) 3/4/02 12:22 PM Page ii This page intentionally left blank SN-Prelims (i-xii) 3/4/02 12:22 PM Page iii Sense and Nonsense Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour Kevin N. Laland Royal Society University Research Fellow Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour University of Cambridge and Gillian R. Brown Research Scientist Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour University of Cambridge 1 SN-Prelims (i-xii) 3/4/02 12:22 PM Page iv 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States By Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Kevin N. Laland and Gillian R. Brown, 2002 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.
[Show full text]
Stability and Change in Psychogenic Needs in Women Over a 37-Year
Running head: PERSONALITY OVER A 37-YEAR PERIOD 1 Stability and Change in Personality in Adult Women Over a 37-Year Period Olof Viman Örebro University Abstract The present study aims to examine mean-level, rank-order, and individual-level change in personality in two population-based samples of women. Participants were followed over 37 years from mid-life to old age, including two cohorts aged 38 to 75 years and 46 to 83 years. Participants completed the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule – a self-report measure of Murray’s psychogenic needs – in 1968 and 2005. Mean levels of need for affiliation, order, nurturance, and succorance increased whereas need for dominance, aggression, and defense of status decreased, but effect sizes were generally small and test-retest correlations were generally strong, suggesting personality stability. By contrast, significant changes were observed at the individual level, with participants both increasing and decreasing in most psychogenic needs. Eighty five percent (85%) of the participants changed significantly in at least one psychogenic need. Keywords. Personality, mid-life, old age, Cesarec-Marke personality schedule, individual change Supervisor: Lauree Tilton-Weaver Psychologist programme, Advanced level Spring semester 2012 PERSONALITY OVER A 37-YEAR PERIOD 2 Stabilitet och förändring av personlighet hos vuxna kvinnor över en 37-års-period1 Olof Viman Örebro universitet Sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker medelvärdes-, rangordnings- och individuell förädring av personlighet i två urval av kvinnor. Deltagarna följdes över 37 år; den ena kohorten från 38 år till 75 år och den andra från 46 år till 83 år. Deltagarna besvarade Cesarec-Marke personlighetsformulär – ett självskattningsmått av personlighet utifrån Murrays psykogena behov – 1968 och 2005.
[Show full text]
Aggression Theories Revisited: Lorenz's
Journal of Asian Scientific Research ISSN(e): 2223-1331 ISSN(p): 2226-5724 DOI: 10.18488/journal.2.2017.72.38.45 Vol. 7, No. 2, 38-45. © 2017 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved. URL: www.aessweb.com AGGRESSION THEORIES REVISITED: LORENZ’S NEO- INSTINCTIVISM, WILSON’S SOCIO-BIOLOGY AND SKINNER’S BEHAVIORAL THEORIES Ayşe Dilek ÖĞRETİR 1Gazi University, Gazi Educational Faculty, Primary Education/Early ÖZÇELİK1 Childhood Education Department, Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT Article History This article aims to revisit neo-instinctivism, socio-biological and behavioral theories Received: 2 January 2017 account of human aggression. Humans apparently have a long history of violence. It is Revised: 9 February 2017 Accepted: 24 February 2017 customary in many social psychology textbooks contain chapters on aggression. One of Published: 13 March 2017 the explanations about the subject usually has a section on the “instinct theory of aggression” that usually associated to the ethologist Konrad Lorenz who aims to examine aggression with a class of biological explanations. Aggressive energy is an instinctual Keywords drive that enhance until it explodes. It may be released by external stimuli. Socio- Aggression biological perspective contributes a more complicated interactionist model for Neo-instinct theories Socio-biological theories contemplating the origins of human aggression. Wilson’s ideas combine ethological Lorenz studies with other biological factors to explain human aggression and war as a Wilson Behavioral theories consequence of the interaction between the cultural environment and genes. In order to Skinner. understand human aggression, there are the dichotomies between biology and Freud environment, nature and nurture, or instincts and learning. It is interesting to point out that the radical behaviorists Skinner is as much an evolutionist as Konrad Lorenz both of whom believe the nature of the mechanisms designed by natural selection.
[Show full text]
Abstract the Effect of Songs with Violent Lyrics On
ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF SONGS WITH VIOLENT LYRICS ON INTERPERSONAL AGGRESSION By Grant M. Heller The focus of this study was to investigate the relation between listening to music containing violent lyrics and interpersonal aggression. To examine this relation, participants wrote a brief essay and then received feedback from a second ostensible participant as part of a study on peer feedback and writing. Participants were assigned randomly to receive either positive or negative feedback from the other and were then provided an opportunity to evaluate an essay written by the other. Prior to receiving the feedback, participants were assigned randomly to listen to a song with either violent lyrics or non-violent lyrics. Consistent with previous research, those receiving provocative negative feedback reported more negative affect and evaluated the second participant‟s essay more negatively than those who received positive feedback. However, despite finding a difference in perceived aggressive content between violent and non-violent songs, exposure to violent songs had no discernable effect on interpersonal aggression. The results provide mixed support for predictions made using the General Aggression Model (GAM). THE EFFECT OF SONGS WITH VIOLENT LYRICS ON INTERPERSONAL AGGRESSION by Grant M. Heller A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science-Psychology Plan of Study Experimental at The University ofWisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh WI 54901-8621 May 2009 INTERIM PROVOST AND VICE CHANCELLOR Advisor CCEtf:: C~)~, - Ol _ ....S......f-!=~~!j,f-~..;;;..O~9__Date Approved ::;../ J1 (.)Or Date Approved Member FORMAT APPROVAL Member i, Date Approved Date Approved -=-----"'I!!'--L-~-I-_ For Sylvie: My best friend, my love, and my inspiration.
[Show full text]