NIST Conceptual Model Overview and Evolu&On

NIST Conceptual Model Overview and Evoluon

Copiously cribbed from presentaon by Erich W. Gunther Chairman and CTO EnerNex Corporaon, SGIP Administrator Why Use a Model and Tools? • Systems are Becoming More Complex • Scale and Scope of Next Generaon Equipment – Thousands to Millions of Pieces of Field Equipment – Diverse Physical Media – Equipment Supplied by Mulple Providers – More Sophiscated Control and Management • Need to Manage and Document Systems: – Inial Requirements and Designs – Life Cycle Management • Open Standards Drives Need for Well Managed Equipment Interfaces and Integraon Conceptual Model: Core Principles • The NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model – A framework for discussing the characteriscs, uses, behavior, interfaces, requirements and standards of the Smart Grid – System of Systems – mulple architectures • General Concepts – Loose Coupling ‐ bilateral and mullateral transacons can occur without elaborate pre‐arrangement – Layered Systems – a collecon of conceptually similar funcons that provides services to the layer above and receives services from the layer below. – Shallow Integraon ‐ avoids deep knowledge of the managed or conﬁgured components • Interface Related – Symmetry ‐ each acon can run both ways – Transparency ‐ transparent and auditable chain of transacons – Composion ‐ the building of complex interfaces from simpler interfaces – Cyber Security ‐ managed over the life‐cycle of the systems deployed; fundamentally about managing risk; commensurate with the vulnerabilies and exposures from any given applicaon; considered at the me the applicaon requirements are being developed since the domain experts are in the best posion to understand what is at stake. Conceptual Model – Views as a Tool Levels of the Conceptual Model Use Cases: Paths Through the Model

Conceptual Reference Model

Source: NIST Smart Grid Framework Demand Response – Example Only!

IEC 61970 IEC 61968 1b. Register MultiSpeak Customer

ebXML OpenADR SOAP 2b. Announce REST Price Event 4a. HTTP Billing Cycle 1a. Enroll Customer 2a. Market Price 3b. Record Change Participation

4b. Send Bill 2c. Distribute Interface ZigBee SE Price Event Message WiFi 1a. BACnet Sequence Number HomePlug Example Standards 3a. Report Ethernet Usage 2e. 2d. Reduce Local ANSI C12 ANSI C12 Usage Stages: Price SONET BPL 1. Enrollment Event WDM Cellular 2. Event Frame Relay WiMAX 3. Monitoring WiMAX Proprietary 4. Billing

Source: EnerNex A brief overview of the Smart Grid Current State of the Industry – according to Zigbee/Homeplug Current State Utility Requirements

Fragmented Standards Efforts HAN standard definitions and clear path to certification

IPSO

® HomePlug HAN Standards and Certifications proprietary Certification Joint Utility Z-Wave Leadership

Common Comprehensive Many Moving Pieces Solution

Minimal collaboration between industry There is an opportunity to align around resulting in proprietary processes to each a common comprehensive solution utility . Fragmented standards . Timing is good . No common end-to-end system definition . Standards bodies are open to utility engagement . No comprehensive certification process . Pick the best minimum solution Factoid for the Internet Community

• Internet Protocol Suite seen as – “Complex” • Many oponal protocols • Not engineered to AMI needs – “Threatening” • Business issues – “let’s not Osborne the business” • Technical issues – not easily used in exisng architecture and yet pressed by us and some ulies • To make progress, we need to show flexibility – Make a building network a collecon of 6lowpan and 6lowpan‐like networks plus Ethernet/WiFi/WiMax sensors • MAC/PHY independence – Let vendor EMS manage our systems • The enre market is about management – Provide soluons that solve problems they are concerned about Important observaons on communicaons architecture • All conversaon are peer to peer – Actor reads sensor (request/response) – Sensor announces asynchronous events – Publish/Subscribe announcments – Command given to controller • Somemes these are “configuraon” – Such as downloading cerficates, rate tables, microcode, etc • Oen these are simply protocol exchanges – Command to reduce load temporarily – Current state Important requirements placed on communicaons architecture

• Current base speciﬁcaon: – ANSI C12.19/22 OSI ACSE/ROSE on underlying architecture – Oen “1, 2, 7”, which is to say applicaon on link layer – IPv4 used in some places • Basic stack use I’m recommending: – IPv4/IPv6, emphasis on IPv6 – Transport such as UDP, TCP, NORM, etc. • Note that CoRe is recommending a UDP‐based Resul HTTP/UDP • Zigbee is demonstrang ulity of TCP for the purpose – TLS or IPsec – Simple encoding such as XML • Security requirements include – Idenﬁcaon/Authencaon of communicang peers – Authorizaon regarding instrucons given – Signatures on some data – Encrypon of some exchanges Possible direcons • Global perspecve – Many places in the world deploying technology • US perspecve: – There is $billions on the table to be spent in the US over the next four years • Current status – Vendors are excited, want to sell what they have • Generally proprietary, oen Applicaon‐on‐MAC/PHY – Ulies are worried, want to buy things they understand – ARIN to USG: “there aren’t IPv4 addresses to use…” Backup Slides Use Case Management

Hundreds of All using diﬀerent relevant Use Cases nomenclature for to review same things

How to determine what to reuse?

Turris Babel hp://toweroabel.391.org/athanasiuskircher.htm

Operations

Energy Market Clearinghouse 6 ISO/RTO DMS Power System 18 1 Applications 13 Markets Distribution 2 11 SCADA Service Provider 12 14 Aggregator/Energy Services rd 3 3 Party Company Metering/Billing/ 19 Utility Back Office 8 Public or AMI Private Network 4 Network 17 Electric Transportation Use Cases: Actors and ESI/HAN Logical Interfaces 15 Gateway PEV: Plug-in Electric Vehicle Meter 20 ISO: Independent System Operator 5 RTO: Regional Transmission Operator 21 23 ESI: Energy Services Interface - Gateway EMS: Energy Management System (optional) Submeter/ Customer EUMD: End Use Measurement Device 22 EUMD 9 EMS EVSE: Electric Vehicle Service Element

Communicaons Associaon / Connector 10 Key: ID 7 Actor Actor # EVSE/PEV 1 2 Customer Logical Interfaces The “GWAC Stack” Underneath

Organizational: Policy, Business Objectives, Business Procedures Informational: Business Context, Semantic Understanding Technical: Syntactic Interoperability, Network Interoperability, Basic Connectivity Cross-Cutting Issues: Security, Resource Identification, Time Synch, etc.

Source: EnerNex GWAC Stack – Levels of Interoperability First 16 NIST Framework Standards

1 AMI-SEC System Security Requirements      2 ANSI C12.19 End Device (Meter) Tables    3 BACnet Building Automation & Control Net    4 DNP3 – Distributed Network Protocol     5 IEC 60870-6 – Inter-Control Center  6 IEC 61850 – Comms Nets in Substations     7 IEC 61968/61970 – Common Info Model   8 IEC 62351 – Data Comms Security     9 IEEE C37.118 - Synchrophasors   10 IEEE 1547 – Distributed Resources     11 IEEE 1686 – IED Cyber Security    12 NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection        13 NIST SP 800-53/82 Fed Info Sys Security        14 Open Automated Demand Response     15 Open Home Area Network Requirements  16 ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile  Conceptual Model as Architectural View

Informaon Who are the models stakeholders and parcipants in the the Smart Grid

How do the applicaons of Smart Grid work

Represents the scope of Smart Where do logical Grid interfaces applicaons reside within products

Which core technologies and standards comprise the Smart Grid NIST Interoperability Knowledge Base

Word Documents

IKB Importers IKB IKB Exporters XMI Database

Spreadsheets Model Usage

• Please use the model! Ask us for the PPT! • Intended to be adopted widely as a consistent means of discussing and analyzing the smart grid and its applicaons • Example – The IEEE PES will use the model as a means to: – Organize the IEEE PES smart grid web site – Ensure topic coverage for new publicaon – Transacons on Smart Grid – Organize smart grid symposia topics and sessions – Categorize inventory of exisng standards and projects – Categorize a smart grid bibliography and reference set Panel Discussion – “LA 15” DOE / NIST / UCAIug / ASAP‐SG Eﬀort

US DOE FFRDC’s Service Provider Transmission Operations Distribution 1 5 SCADA/EMS Aggregator / 4 Distribution Retail Energy 23 DA Field 9 SCADA 17 Provider DMS Devices Applications 8 44 22 41 6 18 7 14 Billing 24 MDMS OMS 11 45 LMS / Field Crew 13 GIS/WMS 19 Third Party 26 10 DRMS Tool 12 16 2 15 20 AMI 25 CIS 42 Headend Public or 27 40 21 Private AMI Web Local Network Network 30 Connectio 29 Customer n 39 28 Energy Market Energy Services Customer Clearinghouse 32 Metering Interface/ HAN 31 EMS Gateway 3 37 35 43 36 Customer 33 Sub-Meter 34 Appliances RTO/ISO Customer DER 46 Electric 38 Markets Vehicle Customer

AMI Systems Use Cases: Actors, AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure DRMS: Demand Response Management System LMS: Load Management System SCADA: Supervisory Control and MDMS: Meter Data Management System GIS: Geographic Information System Logical Interfaces, and Networks Data Acquisition DMS: Distribution Management System CIS: Customer Information System WMS: Work Management System EMS: Energy Management System OMS: Outage Management System Service Provider Operations Distribution 24 MDMS 10 11 OMS 18 Billing Field Crew Tool 26 25 22 AMI Headend 12 CIS 20 Third Party/ Vendor DRMS/ LMS 39 30 Local Connectio AMI Network Web 27 n 42 Public or 29 28 Private Network In-Home 47 Customer Electric Display 21 Metering Energy Services 46 Aggregator / 45 Interface/ HAN Retail Energy Gateway 31 Customer/ 32 37 Provider Building EMS

33 34 50 Sub- 43 36 35 Metering 2 48 Customer DER: 51 Generation and 44 Storage 38 Customer Energy Market Appliances 49 Clearinghouse Water/Gas Electric Metering Vehicle Markets Customer DRMS: Demand Response Management System HAN: Home Area Network HAN/BAN Use Cases: Actors, Logical LMS: Load Management System DER: Distributed Energy Resources Interfaces, and Networks CIS: Customer Information System MDMS: Meter Data Management System OMS: Outage Management System EMS: Energy Management System 12

Energy Market Clearinghouse 2 Aggregators and Energy Energy Service Market-based Providers Providers Markets Service Provider 6 37 Transmission 34 Collectors 33 Sensors ISO/RTO 1 RTUs SCADA/EMS 36 or 28 3 24 9 IEDs 35 Distributed Intelligence 4 Capabilities Distribution 23 SCADA Geographic Metering & Distribution Field Information Billing Crews, Mobile 8 14 21 System AM/FM Computing 5 29 15 AMI Headend DMS power system Customer 7 modeling functions: 25 19 13 22 Information Sys DOMA, VVWS, FLIR, 31 20 Distribution CA, MFR, OMS, WMS Distribution 17 AMI Network Operator 27 26 ESI/Gateway 16 Load 18 30 Metering Distribution Management 11 Engineering System ESI/ Operations Customer EMS Gatewa y Distribution Grid Management Use Cases: Actors and Logical Interfaces 32 10 DOMA: Distribution Operations Model & Analysis MFR: Multi-Feeder Reconnection Customer appliances, DER, PEV, VVWS: Volt-Var-Watt OMS: Outage Management System Customer FLIR: Fault Location, Isolation, Restoration WMS: Work Management System Electric Storage (see HAN for details) Bulk Generation Operations Customer ISO/RTO WAS 1 Wide Area Measurement WAS 2 WAS 9 System Customer WAS 4 WAS 23 EMS Plant Control WAS 6 WAS 31 System WAS 8 Operator WAS10 SCADA Displays WAS 21 WAS 11 WAS 22 WAS 12 WAS 15 WAS 3 WAS 20 WAS 5 EMS WAS 13 DMS WAS 28 WAS 25

WAS 26 WAS 33 WAS 27 WAS 7 WAS 14 IED ISO/RTO/ WAS 16 PMU Wholesale WAS 29 RTU Market RTU

WAS 32 Aggregator WAS 24 Markets Service Provider Transmission IED Distribution

Wide-Area Situational Awareness (WASA) Use WAS 30 Cases: Actors and Logical Interfaces WAS19 ID Communications IED: Intelligent Electronic Device Key: Association / Connector DMS: Distribution Management System Actor Actor WAS 17 # EMS: Energy Management System 1 2 SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure WAS18 Logical Interfaces Operations

Communicaons Associaon / Connector 10 Key: ID 7 Actor Actor # EVSE/PEV 1 2 Customer Logical Interfaces Electric Storage Use Cases: Actors and Logical Interfaces

Operaons Markets Customer

ISO/RTO ES6 ES19 Operaons Customer EMS ES7 ES17 ES11 Energy Market ES23 ES1 Clearinghouse ES5 ES13 E ISO/RTO ES22 S Storage Management I ES3 ES2 / Metering ES9 G a Ulity t Operaons e ES20 ES15 Aggregator/Retail ES8 w Energy Provider a ES14 Staonary Mobile y Submetering Submetering ES18 ES16 ES12 ES21 ES10

Ulity Generaon/ PEV Storage Storage (Mobile) Billing ES4 Management (Non‐Mobile)

Communicaons Associaon / Connector Key: ID EMS: Energy Management System Actor Actor # 1 2 ESI: Energy Services Interface EUMD: End Use Measurement Device Logical Interfaces ISO: Independent System Operator PEV: Plug‐in Electric Vehicle RTO: Regional Transmission Operator Operations

Distribution 12 Grid Operations DR Services Provider Direct Load 9 11 10 AMI Control 13 3 MDMS/Billing 4 ESI/HAN Network Gateway Customer Gateway 14 Service Provider Metering 20 Smart 16 Markets G Appliance/ HAN a Customer Device 18 5 17 Aggregator t EMS e 23 21 w 2 1 a Distributed Energy y 19 6 Resources 7 Retail Market

Communicaons Associaon / Connector H2G Demand Response Use Cases: Actors and Key: ID

Actor Actor Logical Interfaces # 1 2 HAN: Home Area Network EMS: Energy Management System Logical Interfaces DR: Demand Response Operations Service Provider

Grid Operations 3

DR 11 Services 10 Provider/ AMI aggregator ESI/ Network 4 Gateway Customer Metering Smart Appliance/ Markets Distributed Load 2 16 18 Building EMS 1 5 Distributed Energy ESI/ 19 Retail Market Resources Gateway maker 6

Removed Interfaces: 7 (meter doesn’t get market signals), 8 (SP talks to devices through ESI), 12 (no grid op cnx to HAN device), 14 (not sure on this one), 17 (same as 18), 20-21 (meter doesn’t talk to devices, but for AMI case ESI can be put in meter)

Demand Response Use Cases: B2G Actor Communicaons Associaon / Connector 2 Actors and Logical Interfaces Key: ID

15 Actor # HAN: Home Area Network 1 EMS: Energy Management System DR: Demand Response 13 Logical Interfaces Market and Aggregator Operations

Grid Operations

10 4 11 Aggregator Customer 5 Energy Services 1 2 Smart Interface/Gateway Metering 4 17 Loads Wholesale/ 6 20 Retail Market 10 5 16 23 Distributed Energy Resources Industrial 19 EMS Industrial 24 Central Generation

Communicaons Associaon / Connector I2G Demand Response Use Cases: Actors and Key: ID

Actor Actor Logical Interfaces # 13 14 25 1 2 ESI: Energy Services Interface EMS: Energy Management System Logical Interfaces DR: Demand Response