Overview on Digital Video

http://atg.wfu.edu/

yip 10/11/2001 For ? •Demos • Lectures • Synchronized Multimedia Presentation • Pre-recorded materials – news, movies

• Live streaming of events Complaints • It is so small “stamp size movies” - “lower resolution” (smaller) than TV/VCR • It is so fuzzy from CD-ROM – heavy compression for 1-4x CD-ROM drive • Takes so long to download – not streamed • Stop every once a while – network congestion • Like a slide show instead of movie – fps • Can only be done in IT*(ACSes) / Lib ITC MM Lab / STARS / IS / Biomed Comm. Picky, picky

• Digital ≠ Perfect Quality • Blocky artifact • Lossy compression • Degree of compression (4-15Mbps DVD) • Pure dark Advantages 1 • Stored on optical media for distribution – no download • Streamed – no download for large files

• No degradation for storage • No generation loss from duplication of original materials “Advantages” 2 • Random start/stop, jump to sections

• Programmable controls embedded within web pages for additional information – background, links

• Mixed with animations, voice-over, screen capture (not covered – not video “movies”) 5 steps

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make Acquire

• From TV – Antenna/Cable/Satellite • From Analog Tape – VHS, SVHS, 8mm, Hi-8 • From Digital Tape – miniDV, Digital 8

• From LaserDisc, VHS-C, Betamax

• NOT from DVD – copy protected Quality • SDTV Antenna < Cable (330 lines) • VHS < SVHS (250-410 lines) • 8mm < Hi-8 (250-410 lines)

• Connection: Composite < RCA < S-Video < Component

• DVB - Satellite, Digital Cable •DVD

• DV (miniDV etc.), Digital 8 (500+ lines)

S-VHS ET (S-VHS Quasi Playback – SQPB deck needed) Video Size • Video CD format – 352x240 MPEG-1 • DVD Video format – 720x480 MPEG-2 Quality demo Quality 2 - Pro

• Misc. Analog & Digital format (some better than DV’s 4:1:1 25Mbps)

• HDTV 480,1080i/p

• Full size DV • SONY DVCam, Digital Betacam (w/ Ampex), Betacam SX, Betacam SP, Betacam, U-Matic SP ¾”, U-Matic XBR, U-Matic BRS, MPEG IMX, 1” EBU Type C, Hi8 XR Extended Resolution (440 ) • Panasonic DVCPro (25, SMPTE D7), DVCPro-50, DVCPro P, DVCPro-HD (100Mbps), MII • JVC Digital S • HDCAM, HD-1D, HDVS, D9, D7, HD-D5, D3, D2 Composite, D1 Component, DCT • ITU-R Rec. 601 4:2:2, SDI Create

• Created from Computer Graphics

• Shoot on Digital Camcorder Digital Camcorder • Price : $400- 1,000 - 2,000- 4,000 - 20,000

• Size: fit your palm or “professional” looking Digital Format • Format : miniDV DVD-RAM (Hitachi, Panasonic) Digital8, MicroMV, MDview (SONY) Digital Camcorder 2

• 1 CCD or 3 CCD

• Lens : 10x, 12x, 16x optical ignore 48x,120x, 500x, 700x digital change-able?

• LCD : 2.5”, 3.5” Digital Camcorder Extra

• Extra : Still pictures Image stabilization Night shot Battery life Analog-in wireless network Digital Alternatives

• Still camera – short, low resolution MPEG, QuickTime files on memory card • Webcam or video conference “eyeball” camera – some AVI file only Digital shooting considerations

• Progressive scan vs Interlace • Single 16-bit 48KHz audio vs Two 12-bit 32KHz audio tracks • 4:3 vs 16:9 widescreen

•Timecode – drop frame, strip to black •Field order – 60 fields/30 frames, lower field for DV Digital planning

•Script • Camera placement • Background • Lighting • Audio – wireless or long cord for microphone

•Color – extreme B/W, pattern, NTSC safe color •TV overscan safe zone Precautions demo 5 steps - 1

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make Analog •TV •VHS •8mm

Digital •CG •DV Capture/Transfer • Analog : Analog-in camcorder Dual media/DV with analog-in VCR Media Converter Box (A->D) Capture card with Analog in Capture Alternatives • Internal card or external parallel/USB box for MPEG-1/2, M-JPEG, AVI, QT

•Low res • Coming Capture/Transfer 2 • Digital : Firewire/iLink/IEEE-1394 connection Laptop PC Card or Desktop PCI Card OHCI • 4 or 6 pin • Software – standalone or Video Editor 5 steps - 2

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make

Analog Analog •TV •camcorder •VHS •A->D box •8mm •Capture card

Digital Digital •CG •Firewire card •DV Video Editors (usually bundled)

• Ulead VideoStudio 5* • Adobe Premiere 6

• Capture/Device-control • Cut/Trim • Effects/Filters – Transitions, Fade in/out • BackgroundMusic, Voice-over • Title

* VE/LE, SE, DVD Edition Video capture/edit demo Other Software video editors • ... up to .... • Avid Xpress DV 2.0 $2500 • Discreet edit* 5.0 $2500 • in-sync Speed Razor 2000x $2000 • Sonic Foundry Vegas Video 2.0 $700 • Ulead MediaStudio Pro 6.5 $500 • Media 100 CineStream (EditDV) $500 • MGI VideoWave 5 $130 • Sonic Foundry Video Factory 2.0 $60 Realtime Non-linear editing (NLE)

• ... up to ... • Matrox DigiSuite DTV MAX $8000 • Media 100 iFinish 4 V40 $5000 • dps Reality 3D $4800 • Video Toaster NT $3000 • Pinnacle DC1000DV $1200 • Matrox RT2500 $800 • Pinnacle DC500Plus $600 • ... down to ... Additionals

• Converters •Video FX • Graphics Effects • Audio processing • Post processing – composite etc.

• Hardware real-time accelerators How to choose •Simple/Complex • Bundled/Flexibility

• Multi timeline 5 steps - 3

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make

Analog Analog •VideoStudio •TV •camcorder •Premiere •VHS •A->D box •8mm •Capture card

Digital Digital •CG •Firewire card •DV Store • DV – ~216 Mbyte / min. as AVI file for editing

•CD-R/RW – Video CD format – 60 min DVD Video format – 10 min • DVD-R/RW/RAM/DVD+RW – DVD Video format – 1-2 hour

• External hard drive – USB/Firewire

Type 1 (DirectShow) or Type 2 (VfW) 2G orig AVI, 4G OpenDML FAT32 98/2000, unlimited NTFS

Play in certain standalone players Disc authoring tools • Video CD format – Roxio Easy CD Creator Deluxe Nero

• DVD Video format – Sonic MyDVD/DVDit! Pinnacle Impression DVD, MPEG-2 limitation • Playback software – Mediametrics DVD Express only on A21m

• Except DVD on CD (miniDVD, cDVD) with embedded player 5 steps - 4

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make

Analog Analog •VideoStudio •DV •TV •camcorder •Premiere •CD-R •VHS •A->D box •DVD-R •8mm •Capture card

Digital Digital •CG •Firewire card •DV Streaming Format

• RealNetwork – RM

• MPEG-1, MPEG-2 (Old – IBM VideoCharger)

Concurrent MediaHawk

(IS also testing Cisco IP-TV)

• Not supported by IS, check w/ ITx dept. servers - Apple QuickTime - Microsoft Windows Media -MPEG-4 Streaming Parameters •Size - 160x120 - 320x240 - 640x480 (full screen)

• Target audience - 56Kbps modem (more like slideshow 1fps) - Broadband – e.g. RoadRunner cable modem - 10 Mbps Ethernet network (full motion 30 fps) Streaming details • Constant Bit Rate vs Variable Bit Rate • Inverse Telecine 24fps -> 30 -> 24 • 2 pass encoding •Disable save • De-interlace Streaming demo Tools • Built-in to VideoStudio, Premiere (rm, mpeg, mwv, qt) • Real Producer Basic (free), Plus $199

• tMPGenc MPEG-1 (free), MPEG-2 (30-day demo) Conversion demo Tools 2 • Microsoft Movie Maker – MWV (free with Windows ME, XP) • Microsoft Windows Media Encoder (free)

• Discreet Cleaner 5 – QuickTime & Others Prof. control ($599) 5 steps - 5

Acquire/ Capture/ Edit Store/ Deliver Create Transfer Make

Analog Analog •VideoStudio •DV Streaming •TV •camcorder •Premiere •CD-R •MPEG •VHS •A->D box •DVD-R •Real •8mm •Capture card •QuickTime Digital Digital •MicrosoftWV •CG •Firewire card •MPEG4 •DV Links • http://www.dvcentral.org/ • http://desktopvideo.about.com/ • http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/multimedia/video/ • http://www.2-pop.com/ • http://www6.tomshardware.com/video/ • http://equip.zdnet.com/digitalimaging/ • http://www.creativepro.com/category/home/243.html • http://www.dvhandbook.com/ • http://www.dvspot.com/links/ • http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere/indepth.html • http://www.videoguys.com/dtvhome.html • http://www.dvdirect.com/default_DV.htm Books

• Adobe Premiere 6 Classroom in a Book

• Video Demystified • DVD Demystified • Digital Video and Audio Compression

• Creating Digital Content • The Art of Digital Video

• The Digital Filmaking Handbook • Digital Moviemaking • Single-camera video production Q