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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Engineering Research, volume 151 International Conference on Smart Solutions for Agriculture (Agro-SMART 2018) Problems of the Protection of Flora in Chechen Republic Astamirova M.A.-M. Abdurzakova A.S. Faculty of natural science Faculty of natural science Chechen state pedagogical university Chechen state pedagogical university Grozny, Russia Grozny, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Magomadova R.S. Khasueva B.A. Faculty of natural science Faculty of natural science Chechen state pedagogical university Chechen state pedagogical university Grozny, Russia Grozny, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Israilova S.A. Tasueva E.L. Faculty of natural science Faculty of natural science Chechen state pedagogical university Chechen state pedagogical university Grozny, Russia Grozny, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Khanaeva Kh. R. Dudagova E.Sh. Faculty of natural science Faculty of natural science Chechen state pedagogical university Chechen state pedagogical university Grozny, Russia Grozny, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract - The reduction of plant biodiversity occurs for Key words - biological diversity, rare and endangered species, various reasons. Particular attention should be paid to the plant, Red Book, Botanical Garden, introduction, sustainability, territory of the reserves and reserves, especially after the war, reintroduction, education. their restoration, which takes place at a slow pace. The main condition for preserving the biodiversity of Chechnya is the I. INTRODUCTION optimization of its economic development, bringing it in line with Biological diversity plays role of the basis for the the ecological capacity of ecosystems, the introduction of maintenance of ecological conditions of existence and environmentally friendly technologies. Now the second issue of economic development of human society, therefore, it is a the Red Book of the Chechen Republic is being prepared for world heritage. The need to develop and implement effective publication, according to preliminary data, 215 species of higher vascular plants and dozens of spore and fungi will enter. measures for the protection of the global plant biodiversity is Chechnya has great advantages in preserving species in natural obvious. cenoses. Steps are being taken to protect plants in artificial The great practical importance of this problem requires conditions - in mini-botanical gardens, in private plots. research at all the levels of the organization of the living Introductory study of rare species of Chechnya is 5%. Many environment and in various methodological aspects. The species are resistant to culture. Reserve and insurance funds degree of stability of the flora depends entirely on the (lists) of these types are created. Methodological aspects of circumstances that violate the natural course of genesis, the reintroduction, various methods of transferring plants to natural locations, methodological observations and monitoring of the consequence of which is the extinction of species that are not state and restoration of the number of natural populations are resistant to the activity of various artificial (anthropogenic) or being developed. An important aspect is the activities on natural factors affecting individual plants, their populations environmental education and public education. Effective solution and communities. The anthropogenic influence is very diverse of biodiversity conservation issues is possible with an integrated and does not always have a purposeful activity; often it is only and systemic approach. indirect, but not less harmful. Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 880 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 151 The reduction in the number of individual species may the distribution of a number of rare species in the republic, occur due to historical reasons. In the course of evolution, which resulted in the need to make some changes and some species have always been replaced by others. The additions to the previous list. analysis of the flora of specific areas can provide a lot of additional materials in order to understand what changes are The revised version of this list, which includes 215 species taking place in certain conditions, what measures need to be (about 9.27% of the flora of the republic, is given below. The taken in order to increase biodiversity, improve or support species in the list are divided into categories recommended by plant populations in the republic. IUCN and generally accepted when compiling the Red Books of various ranks: The nature of the Chechen Republic climatic conditions is peculiar and the imbalance between its components can lead to 0 (Ex) – the species, presumably extinct, whose presence disastrous consequences, and the natural situation is restoring in the region has not been confirmed over the past few extremely slowly. Some species of animals and plants live on decades. These are the species whose location is indicated in the edge of their range and are few in numbers, the life cycle the literature or there are charges in a single copy. The of plants is stretched, and the formation of vegetation cover example is Cypripedium calceolus. has a slower rate. Therefore, the main condition for the 1 (E) – endangered species found in single specimens, protection of biodiversity in the Chechen Republic is the known from one, two, or several places, which are under optimization of its economic development, bringing it in line immediate threat of extinction.There are 12 of them: Apterigia with the ecological capacity of ecosystems, the introduction of pumila, Dianthus arenarius, Diedropetala punicea, Drosera environmentally friendly technologies in industry and rotundifolia, Marsilea quadrifolia, Melampyrum cristatum, agriculture. Myosurus minimus, Papaver bracteatum, Potentilla The purpose of our research is to analyze the current state alexeenkoi, Psephellus andinus, Sternbergia colchiciflora, of the issue of the protection of flora biodiversity in the Tulipa gesneriana. Chechen Republic, and the approaches to its preservation. 2 (V) – vulnerable species, the number of individuals in populations of which is reduced for natural reasons or under II. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY the influence of changes (destruction) of the habitat and other The objects of the analysis were presented by rare and anthropogenic factors. These species are found either in small endangered species of the flora of the Chechen Republic. On numbers or in limited territories and in specific ecological the basis of our own research and available literature material, niches - 79 species. the analysis of the areas being implemented for the Among them there are Adoxa moschatellina, Allium preservation of the republic’s plant biodiversity, plant oreophilum, Anemonoides blanda, Astragalus karakugensis, coverage with measures of protection, and effectiveness of Campanula andina, Cerasus incana, Eremosparton aphyllum, actions taken was made. Erysimum subnivale, Fritillaria orientalis, Gentiana III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION grossheimii, Helleborus caucasicus, Iris notha etc. The Chechen Republic is one of the most poorly 3 (R) –decreasing species, the distribution of which is investigated regions of the North Caucasus in the floristic limited to small areas, or abstractedly distributed over large context. In the recent past, many large industrial enterprises areas, which are not currently threatened with extinction, but concentrated in a limited area were located on the territory of nonetheless their numbers are decreasing. These are such the republic, continuous plowing of all areas suitable for species as Alchemilla chlorosericea, Allium paradoxum, cultivation was carried out, and in semi-desert lands the grapes Alyssum andinum, Atropa caucasica, Cladochaeta were grown. This fact had a profound effect on the state of the candidissima, Crambe gibberosa, Festuca daghestanica, natural environment of The Chechen Republic. Fumana procumbens, Iris pseudacorus, Merendera trigyna, Orchis militaris etc. – total amount is109 species. The problem of the protection of biological diversity of natural communities in the republic has become more crucial. 4 (I) –indefinite species, about the state of the populations Nevertheless, the republic until recently did not have a list of of which there is currently no information, having any of the rare and endangered species of plants and animals that need statuses already listed. the protection within its limits. The main reason for this was There are 8 of such species: Butomus umbellatus, the lack of information due to poor knowledge of groups of Calamagrostis caucasica, Equisetum fluviatile, Hieracium plants and animals in the republic. gudergomiense, Hieracium laevigatum, Orchis tridentata, The “Red Book of the Chechen Republic”, established by Paeonia biebersteiniana, Saxifraga ruprechtiana. the Decree of the Government of the Republic on October 31, 5 (Res) – restorable and recovering species; these are taxa, 2005 No. 131 and currently preparing for the publication a the number and area of distribution of which under the new book, includes 215 species of vascular plants. In fact, the influence of natural causes or as a result of the measures taken, number of plant species in need of protection is much larger. the protection began to recover and are approaching to the A list of these species was recently published
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