Flying the Hump
Anni Tong, Falisha Raval, Angi Tong Junior Division Group Documentary Process Paper: 488 words
Process Paper
While we were thinking of a topic, we remembered that our dad once mentioned an airlift operation called “the Hump” and how it gave China crucial supplies to fight against Japan during World War II (WWII). After researching, we realized how dangerous and risky this mission was. Yet the Hump pilots still bravely carried out this mission by breaking multiple barriers. Not many people know about this heroic mission, so it was our duty to promote the legacy of the
Hump. Thus, we chose this as our topic.
We email interviewed Sgt. Victor John Mignano of the 10th weather squadron at China-Burma-Indian theater of war. We interviewed Dr. Ken Bridges, a famous historian who knows about WWII, and had an in-person interview with Dr.
Fontaine, Director of Aviation Programs at Texas Southern University. Our research was conducted by reviewing books and online resources about the Hump.
It provided us with vivid descriptions about the dangers which Hump pilots faced including the altitude and weather. The book “the Diary of a Pilot” gave us a personal description of the experience the pilot went through, including the stressful conditions, harsh weather and high plane altitudes resulting in a loss of air pressure. Other books contained photos and maps of the Hump routes which provided a visual representation of the flight over the Himalayas. We chose a documentary as our project category because we were interested in learning how to make a creative visual representation out of our research. We included interviews of people who have witnessed or studied about the Hump. To create our documentary, we added music, photos and videos, recorded our voice, and spent months creating it. Creating a documentary was a new and challenging experience for us, giving us the opportunity to work with technology and to bring our research to life. We faced many difficulties creating this documentary. The recording and visuals would often get unsynchronized. Whenever we added a new visual, the visuals after that would be automatically pushed back, messing up the coordination of our words and pictures that go with them. We would then have to reorganize everything so that our visuals are coordinated with our words.
This topic fits the theme “breaking barriers” because during WWII, the
Japanese forces blockaded all of China’s ports and borders, making it impossible for any supplies to reach China. The Japanese forces were major barriers to transportation of supplies to China, which resulted in the flights over the unforgiving Himalayas to send supplies to China. The Himalaya mountains itself was another huge barrier to transportation. Being about 29,000 feet high and 200 miles wide, with rugged terrain and freezing temperatures, the Himalaya mountains caused many planes to crash when caught in the extreme weather.
However, with many courageous U.S. airmen, supplies were transported over the Himalayas to China, which helped China win the war against Japan and insured the final victory of the Allies.
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Articles
Air Cargo Took off above the Himalayas, 28 May 2018, www.aircargonews.com/0518/052818/Air- Cargo-Himalayas.html.
This article describes the journey of a plane flying over the Himalayas. It has many statistics relating to the cargo and the Himalayas. We used this source to show the airplane crews and the inside of the planes. This source helped us understand how much space was inside the plane and how many pilots there were.
Glines, Carroll V. “Flying the Hump”. Air Force Magazine, ww.airforcemag.com/article/1009hump/. www.airforcemag.com/article/1009hump/.
This source helped us understand what the plans were like during the Hump and showed the significance of this mission. We used this to explain the legacy of the Hump and the planes used by the pilots.
McGowan, Sam. “Over the Hump: Supplying Allied Forces over the Himalayas.” Warfare History Network, 10 Jan. 2017, warfarehistorynetwork.com/2017/01/09/over-the-hump-supplying-allied- forces-over-the-himalayas/.
This source is written by a pilot himself. It was an article about this pilots’ experiences on the Hump. We used this source to explain the struggles that pilots faced and the experiences that they had. This source helped us understand how the pilots flew over the Himalayas, despite the weather, Japanese forces.
Navitsky, Christin. “Hump Pilots Last Reunion.” Joint Base Charleston, 11 May 2011, www.jbcharleston.jb.mil/News/Article/234605/hump-pilots-last-reunion/.
This article shares the experience of the Hump pilots and the perils they faced on the Hump airlift. We used this source to show the difficulties of this mission and the impact on the Hump pilots.
Stilwell, Blake. We Are The Mighty - Americas Tactical Military Entertainment Brand, We Are TheMighty-AmericasTacticalMilitaryEntertainmentBrand,28Jan.2019, www.wearethemighty.com/the-hump-world-war-ii.
This article helped us understand the altitudes that the pilots faced on their mission. We used this article to find information about the harsh weather conditions the pilot faced and the specific hardships during the flight. “Three Chinese Soldiers Examine the ‘Blood Chit’ on a Pilot’s Jacket – Ca February 1944.” Forensic genealogy, www.forensicgenealogy.info/contest_427_results.html.
We did not use this source in our documentary, but this source helped us understand about blood chits and how they were a pass for the pilots who flew the Hump. This helped us understand what a blood chit was, and what it meant.
“WWII Aircraft: The Douglas C-54 Skymaster.” Warfare History Network, 21 Nov. 2016, warfarehistorynetwork.com/2016/11/16/wwii-aircraft-the-douglas-c-54-skymaster/.
This Article describes the Douglas C-54 design, and the importance of this new plane model. This information from the article helped us understand how the C-54 was created. The article also includes a photo of the Douglas C-54 which helped us understand how the Douglas C-54 looked like. We used this photo to describe the plane models.
Books
Brewer, James F., et al. China Airlift--the Hump. China-Burma-India Hump Pilots Association, 1980.
This book is written by Brewer, James F who was a part of the Hump. This book helped us understand more about the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater. We used this source to explain about the CBI theater and how it worked.
Constein, Carl Frey. “Born to Fly the Hump: a WWII Memoir.” 1stBooks Library, 2001
This book is an auto biography. It provides a vivid description of the challenges that the pilots faced on their journey over the Hump. This source helped us understand the dangers that came with flying at such high altitudes and harsh weather in the Himalayas.
Constein, Carl Frey. “Tales of the Himalayas: Letters from WWII Airmen Who Flew the Hump and from Other Veterans of the CBI.” 1stBooks, 2002.
This is a book of letters written to Carl Frey Constein, author of the WWII memoir Born to Fly the Hump. We used this source to explain the different plane models. This source also helped us understand the Hump route by showing us a map of the path pilots took to China.
Doty, Arch. “The Diary of a Pilot.” Booklocker.com, Inc., 2007.
This book is a diary written by Arch Doty; a Hump pilot documented his many missions flying over the Hump. This Diary shows all the challenges and barriers that the pilots faced while flying the Hump. We used this source to further advance our claim that the Hump was a very dangerous and a daring mission to be part of. This helped us understand the significance of the Hump airlift.
Ethell, Jeffrey, and Don Downie. “Flying the Hump: in Original WWII Color.” MBI, 2004.
This book contains many pictures relating to the Hump. We used the photographs to provide a visual representation of the airlift journey. This helped us understand how the Hump airplanes were like back then.
Over the Hump: Airlift to China (Ballantine's Illustrated History of Violent Century, Campaign Book, No. 23) William J KoenigOver-Hump-Ballantines-Illustrated- Campaign/dp/0345029364/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=The+Hump+airlift&qid=1589682187 &sr=8-1
This book is written by William J Koenig who had experience during the Hump. This source helped us understand the courage and bravery the pilots had while flying the Hump. We used this source to understand how the pilots helped win the war by flying the Hump to China.
Spencer, Otha C. “Flying the Hump: Memories of an Air War.” Texas A & M University Press, 2006.
This book is an auto biography. It helped us understand the experience a Hump pilot went through. We used many quotes from this book to get a better understanding of the living conditions.
Tunner, William H. “Over the Hump.” Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, 1985.
This is a book written by William H. Tunner, a general officer in the United States Air Force. This source helped us understand the legacy and experience of the Hump. We used it in our script for our conclusions in the documentary.
Images
“Aero Plane Heaven.” Aero plane Heaven, 16 May 2017, www.flightsimulatorpilot.com/fspmain/?p=21649.
This Album contains many photos of the Curtiss C-46 planes that were used to transfer supplies over the Hump. We used this source to visualize what the Curtiss C-46 model was like. This photo helped us understand how the planes were like and how different they were back then.
“Airplanes of the Past.” Airplanes of the past, www.airplanesofthepast.com/c46-commando.htm.
This source shows photos of different plane models, such as the Curtiss C-46A Commando. We used this source to show a photo of a Curtiss C-46 plane. This helped us understand this model of the plane when it flew the Hump.
“Douglas C-54 Skymaster Transport Plane.” Douglas C-54 Skymaster Transport Plane | DPL DAMS, digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A202099.
This is a photo taken of the Douglas C-54. It helped us visualize how the Douglas C-54 looked like. We used this photo in our documentary to show how the Douglas C-54 replaced the C-46.
Douglas DC-3, www.aviation-history.com/douglas/dc3.html.
This source is a photo of the Douglas DC-3 plane. We used this photo in our documentary as a visual representation of the Douglas DC-3. This photo helped us understand how the Douglas DC- 3 looked like, compared with the other plane models.
“Guess Which the World’s Biggest Airlift Was.” Guess Which Was the WWIIs Biggest Airlift, www.dc3dakotahunter.com/.
This source provides a photograph of the Douglas C-47 plane flown in the Hump mission. We used this source in our documentary because it was a visual representation of this plane model. This helped us understand what the plane models looked like back then.
“Home.” National Museum of the USAF, www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Photos/igphoto/2000548089/www.instagram.com/AFmus eum/.
This source provides a photo of the C-46 plane. We used this photo in our documentary when we mentioned how the C-46 replaced the C-47. This photo helped us understand the difference between the C-46 and the C-47 during the Hump.
Hump pilots/ association. “Humps Pilots Association.” Hump Pilots Association, www.cbihpa.org
The “Humps Pilots Association” is a group that shared many photos of the Hump. We used these photos as a primary view of the mission for our documentary. This provides us the firsthand information about the Hump from the pilots.
“Oral History.” A Douglas C-54 Skymaster at an Airfield in New Guinea during World War II | The Digital Collections of the National WWII Museum: Oral Histories, www.ww2online.org/image/douglas-c-54-skymaster-airfield-new-guinea-during-world-war-ii.
This source provides a photo taken of the Douglas C-54. We used this photo to explain how the Douglas C-54 looked like. This source helped us understand how this airplane model looked like.
Parade.com/624226/beckyhughes/how-hump-pilots-defied-death-flying-over-the-himalayas during- world-war-ii/.
This source is an image of Ned Thomas, a Hump pilot standing near his plane. We used this image to represent pilots who flew the Hump. This helped us visualize the airmen who flew the Hump.
“Photos of the Day: April 2013.” HistoricWingscom A Magazine for Aviators Pilots and Adventurers, fly.historicwings.com/photos-of-the-day-april-2013/.
This website showed photos of planes taken during the Hump. We used this source to show how the plane models were like during the Hump. This source helped us understand how the plane models were like back then. Science.howstuffworks.com/douglas-c-47.htm.
This source has a photo of the Douglas C-47. We used this source to show the many planes flown during the Hump operations. We used this source to understand what the Douglas C-47 looked like and featured.
“Survivor Recounts 1943 Dam Buster Bombing.” Survivor Recounts 1943 Dam Buster Bombing, wondergressive.com/survivor-recounts-1943-dam-buster-bombing/.
We used this source to show what the Burma Road was like. This helped us to better understand how the Burma Road looked, and how the route that carried supplies to China was like before the Hump started. www.flickr.com/photos/89660686@N06/21858751149.
This photo helped us understand what a commando Curtiss C-46 looked like. We used this source as a model of a Curtiss C-46 commando.
Interviews Accessed Online
“Flying the Hump during WW2 with Frank Gurney.” YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKgYlbV2z6M
This video is an interview of Frank Gurney, a Hump pilot who described that when flying through the Himalayas, the pilots would see specks of aluminum under the sun’s light, which were from the planes that crashed during the Hump. This became known as the “Aluminum trail”. He also explained the severe weather conditions that pilots flew through. We used this source to describe the danger in flying this mission and why it was called the Hump. This helped us understand the hardships that the Hump airmen faced.
Flying the Hump.” Flying the Hump, CFloridaWW2Museum, www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE36Qy7dbro.
This video is an interview of E.W. ‘Bill’ Cutler, a Hump pilot who flew countless missions. He describes the living and flying conditions throughout the interview. We used this information to further describe the living and flying conditions of the Hump.
Interview with Dr. Carl F. Constein, WWII CBI Hump Pilot. TheAMCMuseum. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIFmqdhhFso
This interview of Dr. Carl F. Constein contains many experiences of him and others who flew the Hump. This helped us to understand the strategy to help China and the hardships faced when flying the Hump. We used this source to further explain the conditions of the flight.
Personal Interview
Sergeant Victor John Mignano, of the 10th weather squadron at the China-Burma- India theater of war.
We had a personal interview with sergeant Victor John Mignano. He is currently 96 years old now and has many photos, maps, and medals from the Hump. This interview helped us understand the difficulties pilots faced in the mission. It gave us a personal experience of someone who was part of the Hump.
Videos
Japan at War in China During World War 2 Combat Video Footage CBI Theater w/ Sound.” YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nzYDnihT1U
This source has footages of the Japanese forces attacking China. We used this to further advance our knowledge of the war and Japan’s control over China. This helped us understand what it was like for China during the war.
“Japan at War in Flying the Hump to China.” YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiLJdgjs12s.
This source is a video that featured supplies being sent to China. We used this source to explain the difficulties crews faced while carrying goods to China. This source helped us show how U.S. helped China by flying over the Hump.
“Over the Hump (1945).” YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwESWIGYvfc.
This source is a video about a plane’s journey over the Himalaya Mountains. We used this video to show the journey and challenges the Hump pilots faced and helped us understand the dangers the pilots faced in the mission.
“The Battle of China -1944- Restored.” YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK1-pBEMCXc.
This helped us understand the challenges that China had to face which eventually led to the Hump airlift. We used it to understand the events that led to the Hump.
World War II pilot discusses his 69 missions flying C-54s over ‘The Hump’. Penn State University, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXORBm2pwyI
This video shows us images and brief introduction of the C-54, a plane model that flew during the Hump. We used this source to understand more about this specific plane model that flew during the Hump. This helped us to further understand the aviation at that time.
Secondary Sources
Articles
Bishop, Barry C., and Shiba P. Chatterjee. “Himalayas.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas.
This source helped us understand the statistics and descriptions about the Himalayas. This provided us with an understanding about the main barrier: the Himalayas.
Cbi. “CBI Unit Lineages and History.” CBI Unit Lineages and History, www.cbi- history.com/part_vi_search_rescue.html.
This source has more detailed information about the living conditions of the Hump. It helped us understand the search and rescue that occurred on the Hump. We also used this source to know what kind of supplies were transported to China.
Correll, John T. “Over the Hump to China.” Air Force Magazine, www.airforcemag.com/article/1009hump/.
This article contains information about a variety of planes flown during the Hump. We used this information to understand how the quality of the planes contributed to the number of crashes. This source also helped us understand what the Hump route was like using the provided map.
“Dick Cole - One Hundred Years A Hero' Premiers April 22 at Air Force.” National Museum of the United States Air Force™, 24 Mar. 2016, www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Press- Room/News/Article-Display/Article/703526/dick-cole-one-hundred-years-a-hero-premiers-april- 22-at-air-force-museum-theatre/.
This article has events that led up to the Hump. We used it to understand the events that caused the Hump mission to occur.
Heist, Harry E. Hangar Digest. Air Mobility Command Museum Foundation. Inc, 0AD.
This source is an air force magazine which has a chapter about the Hump airlift. We used this source to understand the technology used during that time. This source helped us explain the aviation technology during the Hump.
Himalayas.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/himalayas.
This source contains information about the Himalayas. We used this source to further expand our knowledge of the Himalayas. This helped us to explain how the Himalayas were a significant barrier during the Hump mission.
Hogan, Bill. “Over the Hump.” History Net, History Net, 24 Apr. 2017, www.historynet.com/over-the- hump.htm.
We used this article to explain the statistic and dates relating to the Hump. This article helped us understand how the Hump contributed to the survival of China against Japanese forces.
“Hump' Pilots Mark 65th Reunion.” U.S. Air Force, 11 May 2011, www.af.mil/News/Article- Display/Article/113360/hump-pilots-mark-65th-reunion/.
This article talks about a pilot’s experience during the Hump and the altitudes and living conditions he faced. We used this article to understand the harsh environment these pilots had to live in. This source helped us by giving a personal experience of the poor living conditions that pilots went through on this mission.
HyperWar: Army Air Forces in WWII: Volume VII: Services Around the World [Chapter 5], www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/VII/AAF-VII-5.html.
This article explained the problems and difficulties of the Hump. We used it to explain the obstacles the pilots faced which helped us understand just how difficult this mission was.
Koleno, Chris, et al. “World War II Pilot Discusses His 69 Missions Flying C-54s over 'The Hump'.” Penn State University, 2020, news.psu.edu/story/591927/2019/10/31/world-war-ii-pilot-discusses- his-69-missions-flying-c-54s-over-hump.
We used this source because it contained information about a pilot who flew many airlifts but believes the Hump was still the most challenging and dangerous mission. This source helped us to explain the barriers broken in the Hump mission.
McLeod, Harriet. “World War II ‘Hump’ Pilots Meet for Final Reunion.” Reuters, Thomson Reuters, 4 May 2011, www.reuters.com/article/us-military-pilots-reunion/world-war-ii-hump-pilots-meet-for- final-reunion-idUSTRE7437ZN20110504.
We used this source to understand the details of the airlift. This source also helped us understand the fears and mental barriers that pilots had to face during the Hump mission.
Medium. (2019). “The Hump Was One of the Deadliest Cargo Flights in History.” [online] Available at: http://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-hump-was-the-deadliest-cargo-flight-in-history-13fe4ff5a09 [Accessed 29 Sep. 2019].
This article helped us understand the weather and terrain on the Himalayas. We used this article to explain the hardships that the pilots faced.
“Mountain Flight in the Himalayas.” Mountain Flight in the Himalayas, 29 Apr. 2013, www.himalayanglacier.com/blog/mountain-flight-in-the-himalayas.html.
We used the photos and background information about the Himalayas. This helped us understand how dangerous the Himalayans are.
Overy, Richard. “China's War with Japan, 1937-1945: The Struggle for Survival by Rana Mitter – Review.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 6 June 2013, www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/06/china-war-japan-rana-mitter-review.
We used this website to explain the attacks Japan did on China before and after the Hump mission from 1937 to 1945. This helped us understand how Japan had tried to gain control of China during World War II.
Record, Alice Down/Special to The. “Flying the >Hump/ in WWII.” Lompoc Record, 18 Feb. 2007, lompocrecord.com/lifestyles/flying-the-hump-in-wwii/article_92a78062-96b8-51cd-939c- cd5840876df5.html.
We used this source to understand the weather conditions on the Hump. This source helped us understand the dangers of the Hump mission.
Reporter, Daily Mail. “Missing World War Two Pilots Finally Accounted for after Plane Crashes Discovered in Himalayas.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 24 May 2012, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2149527/Missing-World-War-Two-pilots-finally-accounted- plane.
This source helped us understand how dangerous the Hump mission was. This article showed many pilots who were lost during the mission. We used a picture from this source in our documentary to show the pilots of the Hump.
Stubblebine, David. “Burma Road and the Hump.” WW2DB, ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=326.
We used this article to learn about how Japan conquering the Burma Road which led to the Hump mission. This source helped us understand how China was surrounded by Japanese forces and why the Hump is so important.
“The Hump: America's Strategy for Keeping China in World War II.” Air University (AU), 13 Aug. 2012, www.airuniversity.af.edu/ASPJ/Book-Reviews/Article/1192798/the-hump-americas- strategy-for-keeping-china-in-world-war-ii/.
We used this source to explain the importance of keeping China in the war. This helped us to understand the importance of the Hump mission on the final victory of the Allies.
“The ‘Hump’: Lifeline to China.” National Museum of the United States Air Force™, 29 Apr. 2015, www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196640/the- hump-lifeline-to-china/
This article had detailed information about the Burma Road. This helped us to understand how the Hump became the only supply route to China. Also, we used it to further explain the Burma Road. “The Toughest Flying in The World.” AMERICAN HERITAGE, 1 Mar. 2020, www.americanheritage.com/toughest-flying-world.
We used this source to learn about a pilot’s experience not only flying through the Hump but also the tough conditions and environments pilots had to live in during this mission. This source helped us explain the commitment that pilots had when flying over the Hump.
Vogt, RJ. “Flying 'the Hump' One Last Time.” The Myanmar Times, 25 July 2016, www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/21556-flying-the-hump-one-last-time.html.
This source helped us understand the experience of Tom Claytor, a pilot who flew the Hump. We used this source to understand the dangers that the pilots faced during the Hump mission.
Wednesday. Lyon Air Museum, 6 Dec. 2017, www.lyonairmuseum.org/blog/flying-hump-during-world- war-ii.
We used this article to show the chronological order in which led to the Hump. We used this to explain the events that led up to the Hump mission. This helped us understand how to plot our information in order.
Books
Fricano, Michael. The Evolution of Airlift Doctrine and Organization. Air War Coll Maxwell Aft Al, 1996.
This source is a book about the aviation technology during World War II. We used this source to understand the aviation technology of that time. This source helped us understand the different types of plane models used during the Hump.
Gilbert, Bill. “Air Power.”, books.google.com/books?id=Jh6D5w4XM0kC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=living%2Bconditions %2Bduring%2Bthe%2Bhump%2Bmission&source=bl&ots=UJAZETdeTG&sig=ACfU3U1vvsU B4uU7Xd6AnwL0tEJUegMnIw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjskdab6o7oAhUDJKwKHWJQA WQ4ChDoATADegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=living%20conditions%20during%20the%20hump% 20mission&f=false.
We used this book to understand the plane models used during. This source helped us understand the different amount of cargos that the planes would carry.
Hali, Sultan Mahmood. Defense & Diplomacy: In Pursuit of National Security. Mr. Books, 2012.
This source is a book about the Hump airline base in Kunming China. It is also about the effects of the Hump airlines on modern weaponry. We used it to understand how the Hump mission impacted the weaponry of that time. This source helped us realize that the Hump airlift had broken multiple barriers and had multiple positive effects on modern technology, the war, and weaponry. Iberian, Charles. Civilian Involvement in the 1990-91 Gulf War Through the Civil Reserve Air Fleet. Florida State University Libraries, 2012.
This source is a book that mentions information that led to the Hump airlift. We used this source to understand the events leading up to the Hump and what happened during the Hump airlift. This source helped us understand the background of the Hump and why it was important to China and how it impacted the final victory of the Allies.
Jaccarino, Mike. “Rugged Mountains Yield Hundreds of WWII-Era Plane Crashes of Lost ‘Hump Airmen.’” Fox News, FOX News Network, 20 Mar. 2015, www.foxnews.com/us/rugged- mountains-yield-hundreds-of-wwii-era-plane-crashes-of-lost-hump-airmen.
We used this source to understand how the weather was a major barrier in this mission and resulted in the deaths of many pilots during the Hump. This source helped us to see the experience of the Hump pilots and the treacherous journey ahead of them during the Hump airlift.
Johnson, Benjamin J. FROM BURMA TO BERLIN: THE DEVELOPMENT OF U.S. AIR TRANSPORT 1938-1949. University of Nebraska, 2014.
This source is a book about airlifts over the Himalayan “Hump” barrier. It was written by the director of the university of Nebraska. We used this source to understand more about the background information of the Hump. This source helped us understand the aviation technology of that time and how it advanced because of the Hump mission.
Otfinoski, Steven. “Pilots in Peril! the Untold Story of U.S. Pilots Who Braved ‘The Hump’ in World War II.” Capstone Young Readers, a Capstone Imprint, 2016.
This book explained the significance of the Hump in aviation, and how it affected many other airlifts. We used this biography to show the experience Hump pilots went through, and what it was like during the flight. This book helped us understand what the flying conditions were like for the pilots.
Images
“Flying the Hump.” Flying the Hump, www.flyingthehump.com/.
This source has a photo of a Hump mission logo. We used this source to show how a Hump pilots logo looked like. This helped us better understand the Hump mission.
Maps
“Second Sino-Japanese War.” Second Sino-Japanese War - New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Second_Sino-Japanese_War. This source has a map of the route the pilots took over the Hump. We used it to learn what route the pilots took to reach China. This helped us understand how the route the Hump pilots took was like.
The History Place - Timeline of Pacific War, www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/pacificwar/timeline.htm.
This source provides a map version of the Japanese blockade on China. This image helped show how Japan took over the many ports and cities located in China. We used this source to explain how China was being isolated by the Japanese forces and how China needed crucial supplies at that time.
Personal Interviews
Dr. Fontaine, Director of Aviation Program at Texas Southern University.
We had an in-person interview with Dr. Fontaine at Texas Southern University. He explained the importance of the Hump and its effects on modern aviation. We used this Interview to explain the impacts of the Hump mission on our modern aviation. This helped us understand how significant the Hump was.
Dr. Ken Bridges, a history professor, South Arkansas Community College. Audio.
We had an audio interview with Dr. Bridges. We used his interview to explain what happened during World War II before the Hump. This interview helped us understand how Japan invaded China. This interview also provided background knowledge of the war between Japan and China.