Copyright © 2015 Richard Scott Connell
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Copyright © 2015 Richard Scott Connell All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE IMPACT OF GOSPEL CONTENT ON THE SHAPE OF CORPORATE WORSHIP IN SELECT BAPTIST CHURCHES IN NORTH AMERICA CIRCA 1650–1910 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Richard Scott Connell May 2015 APPROVAL SHEET THE IMPACT OF GOSPEL CONTENT ON THE SHAPE OF CORPORATE WORSHIP IN SELECT BAPTIST CHURCHES IN NORTH AMERICA CIRCA 1650–1910 Richard Scott Connell Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles __________________________________________ Esther R. Crookshank Date______________________________ For my bride, a princess, and a herd of boys TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1. THE ROLE OF THE GOSPEL IN WORSHIP ......................................................1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 Thesis ..................................................................................................................5 Personal Background ........................................................................................15 Review of the Literature ...................................................................................18 Methodology .....................................................................................................21 2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A WORSHIP SERVICE’S FORM AND SPIRITUAL FORMATION ......................................29 Introduction .......................................................................................................29 Liturgical Theology ...........................................................................................31 Definition ..................................................................................................34 Methodology .............................................................................................37 An Additional Step for Baptist Worship ..................................................40 Clarification ..............................................................................................42 Liturgical Anthropology ...................................................................................43 Revelation and Response ..........................................................................46 James K. A. Smith, Desiring the Kingdom ...............................................49 James K. A. Smith, Imagining the Kingdom ............................................52 Liturgical Anthropology ...........................................................................53 iv Chapter Page Religious Affections and Worship ....................................................................58 Jonathan Edwards’ Religious Affections ...................................................58 Edwards’ Influence upon Andrew Fuller .................................................61 The Word of God and the Regulative Principle ................................................72 Calvin and the Puritan Regulative Principle .............................................74 A Baptist Perspective on the Regulative Principle ...................................78 The Reformers and Sola Scriptura ...........................................................83 Conclusion ........................................................................................................89 3. A GOSPEL-CENTERED MODEL FOR WORSHIP SERVICE FORM .................................................................................................93 Introduction .......................................................................................................93 Biblical Foundations .........................................................................................97 Two Mountains of God .....................................................................................98 Mount Sinai and the Old Covenant ..........................................................98 The Mount of Transfiguration and the New Covenant ...........................101 Worship as a Pursuit of Glory .........................................................................104 The Gospel’s Power to Unveil the Glory of God ............................................108 The Centrality of Christ ..................................................................................112 Worship: They Saw His Glory .......................................................................114 The Transforming Power of Worship .............................................................120 Beholding the Glory of the Lord—2 Corinthians 3:7–18 ...............................122 Worship as a Lifestyle .....................................................................................127 The Manifest Presence of Christ .....................................................................131 Gospel-Shaped Worship .................................................................................138 The Gospel Defined ................................................................................139 Shaping the Worship Event to the Gospel ..............................................141 v Chapter Page The Isaiah 6 Pattern of Worship .............................................................144 A Proposed Model for Baptist Worship ..........................................................149 The Transforming Effect of Gospel-Shaped Worship ............................150 Gospel-Shaped Worship Design .............................................................151 Conclusion ......................................................................................................155 4. AN INQUIRY REGARDING THE EXISTENCE OF GOSPEL-CENTERED WORSHIP FORM AND CONTENT IN PROMINENT BAPTIST CHURCHES IN NORTH AMERICA: FOUNDATIONS ............................................................158 Introduction: English Beginnings ...................................................................158 The Gospel as Liturgical Hermeneutic ...........................................................162 Foundational Studies of the English Baptists .................................................166 Baptists in North America ...............................................................................169 The First Baptists in Philadelphia (1688–1746) .............................................177 A Brief History .......................................................................................179 The Theology in Practice ........................................................................182 The Practice in Worship .........................................................................184 Summary .................................................................................................199 The First Baptist Church of Charleston (1750–1800) .....................................204 A Brief History .......................................................................................207 Theology in Practice ...............................................................................212 The Practice of Worship .........................................................................215 Summary .................................................................................................227 The Baptists at Sandy Creek, North Carolina (1755–1800) ...........................230 A Brief History .......................................................................................234 Theology in Practice ...............................................................................239 The Practice of Worship .........................................................................244 vi Chapter Page Summary .................................................................................................250 Excursus: Separate and Regular Baptists Unite for Revival and Missions ...........................................................................................255 5. AN INQUIRY REGARDING THE EXISTENCE OF GOSPEL-CENTERED WORSHIP FORM AND CONTENT IN PROMINENT BAPTIST CHURCHES IN NORTH AMERICA: SYNTHESIS ON THE FRONTIER ..............................259 Siloam Baptist Church, Marion, Alabama (1822–1855) ................................260 A Brief History .......................................................................................261 Theology in Practice ...............................................................................267 The Practice of Worship .........................................................................270 Summary .................................................................................................279 Jarvis Street Baptist Church, Toronto (1882–1903) .......................................282 A Brief History .......................................................................................283