Trail Log 2014 - Summary
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Flower Power
FLOWER POWER IDAHO BOTANICAL GARDEN WHAT IS A FLOWER? INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: When students finish this project, they will have gained respect for the beauty of flowers and appreciate their ecological and practical importance. INTRODUCTION Dear Teacher, The Idaho Botanical Garden is an outdoor learning environment. We want to make your visit comfortable and enjoyable, and ask that your students are dressed appropriately for the weather and have water, especially in the warm weather months. TERMS Angiosperms: Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit. Anthers: The boxlike structures at the top of stamens, where pollen is produced. Botanical garden: A place where plants are collected and displayed for scientific, educational and artistic purposes. Fertilization: The union of male sperm cells and female egg cells. Filament: The stalk of the stamen. Flower: The reproductive structure of an angiosperm. Fruit: A ripened ovary conaining seeds. Nectar: The sweet liquid produced by flowers to attract pollinators. Ovary: The hollow compartment at the base of the pistil which contains ovules. It develops into a fruit containing seeds. Ovules: The structures in a flower ovary that can develop into seeds. Pistil: The female part of a flower; stigma, style, and ovary. Pollen: A yellow, powder-like material containing sperm cells. Pollen tubes: Tubes that carry sperm cells from the stigma into the ovary. Pollination: The process of pollen coming together with the stigma of a flower. Pollinators: Animals which carry pollen from one flower to another. Seed: A structure containing a baby plant and its food supply, which is surrounded by a protective seed coat. -
Perennials for Special Purposes
Perennials for Special Purposes Hot & Dry Areas • Sage, Perennial (Artemisia) Newly planted perennials will need regular • Sea Holly (Eryngium) watering until established. • Sea Lavender (Limonium) • Spurge, Cushion (Euphorbia • Aster polychroma) • Baby’s Breath • Statice, German (Gypsophila) (Goniolimon) • Beardtongue • Stonecrop (Sedum) (Penstemon) • Sunflower, False (Heliopsis) • Big Bluestem • Sunflower, Perennial (Helianthus) (Andropogon) • Switch Grass (Panicum) • Bitterroot (Lewisia) • Tickseed (Coreopsis) • Blanketflower (Gaillardia) • Tufted Hair Grass (Deschampsia) • Blue Oat Grass (Helictotrichon) • Yarrow (Achillea) • Cactus, Prickly Pear (Opuntia) • Yucca • Candytuft (Iberis sempervirens) • Cinquefoil (Potentilla) Groundcover for Sun • Coneflower (Echinacea) • Daisy, Painted (Tanacetum) • Baby’s Breath, Creeping • Daisy, Shasta (Leucanthemum x superbum) (Gypsophila repens) • Daylily (Hemerocallis) • Beardtongue, Spreading • Evening Primrose (Oenothera) (Penstemon) • False Indigo (Baptisia) • Bellflower, Spreading • Feather Reed Grass (Calamagrostis) (Campanula) • Fescue, Blue (Festuca glauca) • Cinquefoil (Potentilla) • Flax (Linum) • Cliff Green (Paxistima • Foxtail Lily (Eremurus) canbyi) • Globe Thistle (Echinops) • Cranesbill (Geranium) • Goldenrod (Solidago) • Gentian, Trumpet (Gentiana acaulis) • Helen’s Flower (Helenium) • Globe Daisy (Globularia) • Hens & Chicks (Sempervivum) • Hens & Chicks (Sempervivum) • Ice Plant (Delosperma) • Irish/Scotch Moss (Sagina subulata) • Lamb’s Ears (Stachys byzantina) • Kinnikinnick -
The Bitterroot Valley of Western Montana Area Economic Profile
The Bitterroot Valley of Western Montana AREA ECONOMIC PROFILE prepared by Dr. Larry Swanson, Associate Directori O’Connor Center for the Rocky Mountain West The University of Montana May, 2001 This profile provides a description and assessment of the area economy of the Bitterroot Valley of southwestern Montana. Changing conditions and trends in the area economy over the course of the last twenty to twenty-five years are examined, including trends in population and employment growth and associated income changes and economic restruc- turing. Changing conditions in Ravalli County and the Bitterroot Valley are compared to those for the larger Rocky Mountain West region and nation as a whole. Various measures of the Bitterroot area economy also are systematically compared to similar measures for areas throughout the western United States having similar characteristics to the Bitterroot Valley. Two types of “peer areas” are selected for this purpose: 1) non-metro areas in the West nearby small and intermediate regional centers of 30,000 to 100,000 people, and, 2) non-metro areas nearby small and intermediate regional centers that are also nearby large concentrations of Forest Service lands. Major Findings and Observations Southwestern Montana’s Bitterroot Valley is the central watershed of the Bitterroot River, which flows north through the valley toward its confluence with the Clark Fork River near Missoula. This 1. Population Growth - During the 1990s, Ravalli County was the fastest growing county watershed is largely defined by the boundaries of Ravalli County. County boundaries also define in Montana and became one of the fastest growing counties in the entire United States, the outer boundaries of the Bitterroot National Forest. -
Birding in the Missoula and Bitterroot Valleys
Birding in the Missoula and Bitterroot Valleys Five Valleys and Bitterroot Audubon Society Chapters are grassroots volunteer organizations of Montana Audubon and the National Audubon Society. We promote understanding, respect, and enjoyment of birds and the natural world through education, habitat protection, and environmental advocacy. Five Valleys Bitterroot Audubon Society Audubon Society P.O. Box 8425 P.O. Box 326 Missoula, MT 59807 Hamilton, MT 59840 www.fvaudubon.org/ www.bitterrootaudubonorg/ Montana Audubon P.O. Box 595 Helena, MT 59624 406-443-3949 www.mtaudubon.org Status W Sp Su F Bird Species of West-central Montana (most vagrants excluded) _ Harlequin Duck B r r r Relative abundance in suitable habitat by season are: _ Long-tailed Duck t r r c - common to abundant, usually found on every visit in _ Surf Scoter t r r r moderate to large numbers _ White-winged Scoter t r r r u - uncommon, usually present in low numbers but may be _ Common Goldeneye B c c c c _ missed Barrow’s Goldeneye B u c c c _ o - occasional, seen only a few times during the season, not Bufflehead B o c u c _ Hooded Merganser B o c c c present in all suitable habitat _ Common Merganser B c c c c r - rare, one to low numbers occur but not every year _ Red-breasted Merganser t o o _ Status: Ruddy Duck B c c c _ Osprey B c c c B - Direct evidence of breeding _ Bald Eagle B c c c c b - Indirect evidence of breeding _ Northern Harrier B u c c c t - No evidence of breeding _ Sharp-shinned Hawk B u u u u _ Cooper’s Hawk B u u u u Season of occurrence: _ Northern Goshawk B u u u u W - Winter, mid-November to mid-February _ Swainson’s Hawk B u u u Sp - Spring, mid-February to mid-May _ Red-tailed Hawk B c c c c Su - Summer, mid-May to mid-August _ Ferruginous Hawk t r r r F - Fall, mid-August to mid-November _ Rough-legged Hawk t c c c _ Golden Eagle B u u u u This list follows the seventh edition of the AOU check-list. -
Water-Wise and Native Plant Demonstration Garden
LaBonte Park’s Outdoor Learning Center Water-Wise and Native Plant Demonstration Garden This collaborative effort was undertaken in fall 2007 to showcase the wide variety of water- wise plants that can be grown in Laramie. Most are also well-adapted to other locations in the state. These drought-tolerant species can be used in naturalistic settings or in more for- mal gardens. Either way, you’ll end up with a landscape that uses less water, takes up less of your time, and looks great! Updated 8/2012 N The north side of this garden is dedicated to plants that are native to our area including the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains re- gions. Note: This map will be revised every 2-3 years. It may not be to- tally accurate when you visit but it will be close. The south side con- tains water-wise plants from the Rocky Mountain region and beyond. Water-Wise Demo Bed List of Plants (listed by map number) PERENNIALS 84. Upright prairie coneflower (red-brown form) Ratibida columnifera 3. Wild four o'clock, Mirabilis multiflora 90. Sugarbowl clematis, Clematis scottii 4. Sunset penstemon, Penstemon clutei 93. Iris (intermediate size), Iris spp. 5. Basket of Gold, Aurinia saxatilis 94. Iris, Iris spp. 6. Lambs ear ('Silver Carpet'), Stachys byzantina 95. Firecracker penstemon, Penstemon eatonii 7. Dianthus ('Firewitch'), Dianthus gratianopolitanus 96. Partridge feather, Tanacetum densum ssp. 8. Rocky Mountain penstemon, Penstemon strictus amani 9. Small-leaf pussytoes ('McClintock'), Antennaria parvi- 97. Sedum (‘Angelina’), Sedum rupestre folia 98. Yarrow (‘Moonshine’), Achillea hybrid 10. Artemisia ('Silver Brocade'), Artemisia stelleriana 99. -
Properties of Diamond Dust Type Ice Crystals Observed in Summer Season at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica
180 JournaloftheMeteorological SocietyofJapanVol 57,No.2 Properties of Diamond Dust Type Ice Crystals Observed in Summer Season at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica By Katsuhiro Kikuchi Department of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo and Austin W. Hogan Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York (Manuscript received 17 November 1977, in revised form 20 May 1978) Abstract The properties of diamond dust type ice crystals were studied from replicas obtained during the 1975 austral summer at South Pole Station, Antarctica. The time variation of the number concentration and shapes of crystals, and the length of the c-axis, the axial ratio (c/a) and the growth mode of columnar type crystal were examined at an air tempera- ture of -35*. Columnar type crystals prevailed, but occasionally more than half the number of ice crystals were plate types, including hexagonal, scalene hexagonal, pentagonal, rhombic, trapezoidal and triangular plates. A time variation of two hour periodicity was found in the number concentration of columnar and plate type crystals. When the number con- centration of columnar type crystals decreased, the length of the c-axis of columnar type crystals also decreased. When the number concentration of columnar type crystals increased, the length of the c-axis of the crystals also increased. There was sufficient water vapor to grow these ice crystals in a supersaturation layer several tens to several hundred meters above the surface. The growth mode of columnar type crystals was different from that of warm and cold region columns reported by Ono (1969). The mass growth rate was 6.0* 10-10 gr*sec-1, and was similar to that obtained in cold room experiments by Mason (1953), but less than that found in field experiments by Isono, et al. -
Appendix of the Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan And
Glossary accessible—Pertaining to physical access to areas and canopy—A layer of foliage, generally the uppermost activities for people of different abilities, especially layer, in a vegetative stand; midlevel or understory those with physical impairments. vegetation in multilayered stands. Canopy closure adaptive resource management—The rigorous appli (also canopy cover) is an estimate of the amount of cation of management, research, and monitoring overhead vegetative cover. to gain information and experience necessary to CCP—See comprehensive conservation plan. assess and modify management activities. It is a CFR—See Code of Federal Regulations. process that uses feedback from research, moni cfs—Cubic feet per second. toring, and evaluation of management actions to Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)—The codification of support or modify objectives and strategies at all the general and permanent rules published in the planning levels. It is also a process in which policy Federal Register by the executive departments and decisions are implemented within a framework of agencies of the Federal Government. Each volume scientifically driven experiments to test predictions of the CFR is updated once each calendar year. and assumptions inherent in management plans. compatibility determination—See compatible use. Analysis of results helps managers determine compatible use—A wildlife-dependent recreational use whether current management should continue as or any other use of a refuge that, in the sound pro is or whether it should be modified to achieve de fessional judgment of the director of the U.S. Fish sired conditions. and Wildlife Service, will not materially interfere Administration Act—National Wildlife Refuge System with or detract from the fulfillment of the mission Administration Act of 1966. -
Forest Resources of the Bitterroot National Forest
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Resources Forest Service Rocky Mountain of the Bitterroot Research Station May 2000 National Forest Tracey S. Frescino Bitterroot National Forest Montana Idaho About the author __________________________ Tracey S. Frescino is a Forester with the Interior West Resource Inventory, Monitoring, and Evaluation Program, Rocky Mountain Research Station in Ogden, Utah. Contents __________________________________ Page What forest resources are found on the Bitterroot National Forest? ............ 1 How does the forest change? ................................................................................. 7 Other information about the forest land of the Bitterroot .............................. 8 How much forest land is suitable for timber production? ............................... 8 How was the inventory conducted? ................................................................... 10 Documentation ....................................................................................................... 13 For further information ......................................................................................... 13 Rocky Mountain Research Station 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401 Forest Resources of the Bitterroot National Forest Tracey S. Frescino The Interior West Resource Inventory, Monitoring, single predominant species concept is in stands where and Evaluation (IWRIME) Program of the USDA Forest Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir occur together. If Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station -
Arctic Radiative Environment CANDAC Theme
Arctic Radiative Environment CANDAC Theme Thomas J. Duck, Glen Lesins, Line Bourdages, Graeme Nott, Matthew Coffin, Jonathan Doyle Kim Strong Jim Sloan Jim Whiteway Bruce McArthur Norm O’Neill Ed Eloranta Von Walden Instrumentation • SEARCH AHSR Lidar - operational • SEARCH PAERI - operational • RMR lidar - current installation • Tropospheric ozone lidar - installed (status?) • MM cloud radar - operational • CANDAC PAERI - under construction • BSRN - partially operational (data status?) • AMS - operational • Sun photometers - operational • Star photometer - broken camera Summertime Sea Ice Extent 17 September 2007 http://www.nsidc.org/ August Sea Ice Decline 9 8 7 Extent (million sq km) 6 5 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Year Surface Temperature Change July 2005-1955 GISS Surface Temperature Analysis http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ Surface Temperature Change January 2005-1955 GISS Surface Temperature Analysis http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ January Average Temperatures at Eureka -25 -30 -35 emperatures (C) T -40 -45 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year Correlation between surface pressure and NAO 0.0 (monthly averages) -0.2 ficient -0.4 -0.6 Correlation Coef -0.8 -1.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Month Eureka Monthly Averages (1953-2005) 2 5 (Jan) 2 (Feb) 0 1 5 1 0 (Jul) Surface wind speed (km/h) 5 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 Temperature (C) ➡ Winter surface temperatures are influenced by wind induced mixing January Mean Temperatures (1991-2005) 20 15 10 Altitude (km) 5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 Temperature (C) Arctic Radiative Transfer • 24 h sunlight in summer, darkness in winter • High albedo due to snow and sea ice • Very cold and dry: cooling to space via 20 micron window • Atmosphere is insulated from relatively warm ocean by sea ice ➡ Has the Arctic reached a tipping point? May 6, 2007 1 AUGUST 2004 I N T R I E R I A N D S H U P E 2953 Characteristics and Radiative Effects of Diamond Dust over the Western Arctic Ocean Region JANET M. -
Observation of Present and Past Weather; State of the Ground
CHAPTER CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 14. OBSERVATION OF PRESENT AND PAST WEATHER; STATE OF THE GROUND .. 450 14.1 General ................................................................... 450 14.1.1 Definitions ......................................................... 450 14.1.2 Units and scales ..................................................... 450 14.1.3 Meteorological requirements ......................................... 451 14.1.4 Observation methods. 451 14.2 Observation of present and past weather ...................................... 451 14.2.1 Precipitation. 452 14.2.1.1 Objects of observation ....................................... 452 14.2.1.2 Instruments and measuring devices: precipitation type ........... 452 14.2.1.3 Instruments and measuring devices: precipitation intensity and character ............................................... 454 14.2.1.4 Instruments and measuring devices: multi-sensor approach ....... 455 14.2.2 Atmospheric obscurity and suspensoids ................................ 455 14.2.2.1 Objects of observation ....................................... 455 14.2.2.2 Instruments and measuring devices for obscurity and suspensoid characteristics .................................... 455 14.2.3 Other weather events ................................................ 456 14.2.3.1 Objects of observation ....................................... 456 14.2.3.2 Instruments and measuring devices. 457 14.2.4 State of the sky ...................................................... 457 14.2.4.1 Objects of observation ...................................... -
Genesis of Diamond Dust and Thick Cloud Episodes Observed Above Dome C, Antarctica by Ricaud Et Al
Manuscript Title: Genesis of Diamond Dust and Thick Cloud Episodes observed above Dome C, Antarctica by Ricaud et al. RESPONSES TO THE REVIEWERS We would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments that were helpful in improving substantially the presentation and contents of the revised manuscript. We have addressed appropriately all issues raised by the reviewers. The reviewers' comments are repeated below in blue and our responses appear in black. The title has been modified into: Genesis of Diamond Dust, Ice Fog and Thick Cloud Episodes observed and modelled above Dome C, Antarctica We have inserted this sentence in the acknowledgments: We finally would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers to their fruitful comments. Changes have been highlighted in yellow in the revised manuscript. 1 Anonymous Referee #1 This manuscript intends to study of cold weather conditions (over Antarctica). It focuses on clouds and diamond dust, and various observational platforms and model simulations over more than 1 month of observations. There are several issues with this manuscript and need to be improved significantly before goes to publication. Because of above I see that paper needs to be improved significantly before making a decision if it is appropriate for this ACP. ® Specific changes have been made in response to the reviewers' comments and are described below. Major/minor issues: 1. Objectives are not clearly set up. Lots of information but nothing to do with objectives. ® We have clarified this crucial point. The objectives of the paper are mainly to investigate the processes that cause the presence of thick cloud and diamond dust/ice fog episodes above the Dome C station based on observations and verify whether operational models can evaluate them. -
Hamilton, a Legacy for the Bitterroot Valley. [An Historical Pageant- Drama of Hamilton, Mont.]
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1959 Hamilton, a legacy for the Bitterroot Valley. [An historical pageant- drama of Hamilton, Mont.] Donald William Butler The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Butler, Donald William, "Hamilton, a legacy for the Bitterroot Valley. [An historical pageant-drama of Hamilton, Mont.]" (1959). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2505. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2505 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HAMILTON A LEGACY FOR THE BITTERROOT VALLEY by DONALD WILLIAM BUTLER B.A. Montana State University, 1949 Presented in partial f-ulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1959 Approved by; / t*-v« ^—— Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School AUG 1 7 1959 Date UMI Number: EP34131 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP34131 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC.