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Production of Sugars, Ethanol and Tannin from Spruce Bark and Recovered Fibres
IENCE SC • VTT SCIENCE • T S E Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from N C O H I N spruce bark and recovered fibres S O I V Dissertation L • O S G Valorisation of forest industry-related side- and waste streams in a T 76 Y H • R G biorefinery context could help to reduce dependence on fossil I E L S H 76 E G A resources and introduce new value chains and sources of income I R H C for the forest industry. This thesis examined two abundant and H underutilized biomass streams spruce bark and recovered fibres as biorefinery feedstocks for the production of sugars, ethanol and tannin. Hot water extraction of tannins from spruce bark, steam explosion to reduce the recalcitrance of the feedstock towards hydrolytic Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from spruce... enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis of bark carbohydrates and fermentation of released sugars to ethanol were demonstrated and the effect of main process parameters studied. Recovered fibres were fractionated from solid recovered fuel, a standardised combustion fuel composed mainly of packaging waste, and the composition and enzymatic digestibility of the material were determined. The effect of pretreatment, solids loading and the use of surfactants on hydrolysis yield was studied. Selected steps for processing spruce bark and recovered fibres were scaled up from laboratory- to small pilot scale.The results of the work carried out in this thesis indicate that the biorefinery concepts presented for spruce bark and recovered fibres have technical potential for industrial application. Production -
Print. Sublimate. Done. Complete Textile Print System
GRAND BY DESIGN Print. Sublimate. Done. COMPLETE TEXTILE PRINT SYSTEM. The Neo Series A revolutionary water-based, dye-sub printer with an on-board calender for permanent sublimation. Get all the details at: printerevolution.com The Neo Series Tap into the digital textile market with a turn-key commercial fabric printing solution. Everything You Need To Succeed In keeping with our mission to drive innovation, PrinterEvolution introduced the Neo Series to be an all-in-one solution for textile printing. The result? A dye-sublimation printer with an on-board sublimation unit. Ink Media options • Achieve a brilliant color gamut with super rich blacks, a • The Neo Series printers can print on standard digital heavy pigment load and excellent grayscale. textile fabrics and specialty materials, such as open weave and stretch. • The vibrant, environmentally friendly, water-based inks pass all OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 certifications. They • Our system easily prints on mesh and other open are produced in an ISO 9001 facility with strict quality weave fabrics without marking the backside with control all at a very competitive cost per print. “blow-by” ink. A specially designed trough is fitted with a sponge and ink pad that absorb any ink that • The Neo Series printers use a 1.5 liter ink system. passes through the fabric. • For stretchable fabrics Superior quality and low cost of operation like Lycra, spandex and other sports textiles, the • The Neo Series utilizes Epson DX Variable Drop heads Neo uses a cork-covered that produce drops of varying sizes and colors within a cylinder to spread and single image file, marrying the best combination of the hold the fabric in place, image quality that comes with small drop sizes and the maintaining perfect, productivity associated with large drop printing. -
Future Directions in Calendering Research
Preferred citation: T.C. Browne and R. H. Crotogino. Future Directions in Calendering Research. In The science of papermaking, Trans. of the XIIth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 2001, (C.F. Baker, ed.), pp 1001–1036, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.2001.2.1001. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CALENDERING RESEARCH T.C. Browne and R.H. Crotogino Paprican Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada ABSTRACT Calendering is the papermaker’s last chance to reduce thickness variations along the length and width of the finished sheet, and to improve the sheet smoothness. A smoother sheet results in improved print quality, while more uniform thickness profiles improve the winding process. The calendering operation thus improves the quality of the finished product. In recent years there has been an increase in the loads, speeds and temperatures at which soft-nip calenders, whether on or off line, can be operated without mechanical failure of the cover; the result has been an improvement in the surface and printing properties achievable with mechanical printing grades of paper, and an increase in the production rates which can be sustained. As a result, these calen- ders have slowly replaced traditional machine calenders in new and retrofit installations. The best available design and trouble-shooting tools for modern machine calenders are based on empirical models, whose coefficients have not been related to fundamental paper or fibre properties. New furnishes therefore require experimental deter- mination of these coefficients, and extrapolation to new calender- ing conditions involves some risk. As well, there are no published models, empirical or otherwise, for the design and trouble- shooting of soft-nip calenders, an unfortunate state of affairs given the increased number of installations of these machines. -
Paper Technology Journal
Paper Technology Journal World paper market: Quo vadis newsprint? News from the Divisions: Stock Preparation, Paper Machinery, Finishing and Service. A Scandinavian Success Story. Notable Startups. Orderbook Highlights. China, changing times in 3 the cradle of papermaking. Contents Foreword 1 Corporate News Highlights USA/Germany: Voith Appleton machine clothing. 55 Startups, orders on hand 2 Austria: World paper market The Andritz Group – partnering the Quo vadis newsprint? 5 pulp and paper industry 58 News from the Divisions Germany: Stock preparation: B+G Fördertechnik thirty years on 64 Membrane technology for the further close-up of paper mill water loops 14 Germany: Board and packaging Paper Machinery: pilot paper machine upgrade – Ortviken PM 4 – facing the future with tomorrow’s technology today 22 versatility 69 Paper Machinery: Latest generation of cylinder mould New names, new addresses formers – FloatLip former N, NO, S 28 Hunt & Moscrop: now Voith Sulzer Paper Machinery: Finishing Ltd., Manchester 72 Serang BM3/BM4 – the exemplary commissioning 30 Voith Sulzer Paper Technology: regional representation in Jakarta 72 Gap Former Technology: No. 26 DuoFormer CFD installation a success 37 Special awards for innovation and design Paper Machinery: New applications in multilayer Neusiedler Paper wins innovation technology 38 award with a revolutionary 3-layer headbox and NipcoFlex press 73 Paper Machinery: Brilliant Coating with JetFlow F – SPCI ’96 – impressive presence 73 data, facts, experience 44 Finishing: Advertisement of the year in Brazil 73 Econip – a new generation of deflection compensating rolls 48 China: Service: The changing origins of GR2 cover – next-generation paper – from hand-made performance leader 51 to machine-made 75 Cover picture: Ortviken – successfull start-up (see article on page 22). -
What Happens to Cellulosic Fibers During Papermaking and Recycling? a Review
PEER-REVIEWED REVIEW ARTICLE ncsu.edu/bioresources WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLULOSIC FIBERS DURING PAPERMAKING AND RECYCLING? A REVIEW Martin A. Hubbe,* Richard A. Venditti, and Orlando J. Rojas Both reversible and irreversible changes take place as cellulosic fibers are manufactured into paper products one or more times. This review considers both physical and chemical changes. It is proposed that by understanding these changes one can make better use of cellulosic fibers at various stages of their life cycles, achieving a broad range of paper performance characteristics. Some of the changes that occur as a result of recycling are inherent to the fibers themselves. Other changes may result from the presence of various contaminants associated with the fibers as a result of manufacturing processes and uses. The former category includes an expected loss of swelling ability and decreased wet-flexibility, especially after kraft fibers are dried. The latter category includes effects of inks, de-inking agents, stickies, and additives used during previous cycles of papermaking. Keywords: Paper recycling, Drying, Deinking, Hornification, Inter-fiber bonding, Refining, Fines, Fiber length, Conformability Contact information: Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Box 8005, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Cellulosic fibers can change significantly when formed into a wet web of paper and subsequently subjected to such processes as pressing, drying, printing, storage, repulping, and deinking. Some of the changes can be subtle. Often it is possible to substitute recovered fibers in place of virgin fibers used for the production of paper or paperboard. On the other hand, characteristic differences between recycled fibers and virgin fibers (fresh from pulping wood, not recycled) can be expected; many of these can be attributed to drying. -
Stickies Detection Methods Macro and Micro Detailed Report
FINAL REPORT January 31, 2003 CONTAINERBOARD GROUP AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION Project Title: Evaluation of Various Adhesive Contaminant Analysis Methods for the Use in Old Corrugated Container Recycling Plants Names of Principal Investigators: Richard A. Venditti and Hou-min Chang Institution: North Carolina State University tel. (919) 515-6185 Dept. of Wood and Paper Science fax. (919) 515-6302 Raleigh NC 27695-8005 email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page: Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Materials and Methods 5 Stickies Test Methods: Macro Stickies Tests 5 Stickies Test Methods: Micro Stickies Tests 8 Materials for Testing 10 Results and Discussion 12 Macro-stickies Results 12 Micro-stickies Results 17 Evaluations of Stream-lined Tests 21 Estimates of Time and Labor Necessary for the Various 22 Stickies Test Methods. Evaluation of Stickies Removal Across a Water Clarifier 24 Overall Stickies Test Methods Recommendations for 25 Various Applications in an OCC Recycle Mill Conclusions 29 Figures 30 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project involves critically evaluating different test methods for their ability to detect stickies contaminants in old corrugated container (OCC) recycling plants. Tests were broadly classified as either macro or micro stickies test methods based on standard industrial terms. The macro stickies test methods evaluated were a bleaching and dyeing of handsheets, Port Townsend Method 1 (involves dyeing handsheets with black dye followed by image analysis), Port Townsend Method 2 (involves dyeing lab-screened rejects on filter pads with black dye followed by image analysis), Tappi Method 277 (involves pressing lab- screened rejects against a white coated material that transfers to stickies followed by image analysis), and a deposition method in which stickies are deposited onto a sample of a paper machine wire. -
Adhesive Contaminants (Stickies) and Methods for Removal
257 ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS (STICKIES) AND METHODS FOR REMOVAL JOHN H. KLUNGNESS* AND MAHENDHA R. DOSHI** *USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705 **D~shi & Associates Inc.. Marathon Engineers/Architects/Planners, Inc. Appleton, WI ABSTRACT A variety of adhesive contaminants (“stickies”) are encountered in wastepapers. They are broadly classified as hot melts, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and lattices. Their properties and control methods are discussed. Specifically, control methods include furnish selection, improved pulping end deflaking. well-designed screening end cleaning systems, and dispersion end additives to detackify or stabilize stickies, or both. A new technology is also discussed regarding it’s possible application for controlling stickie contaminants. Test methods for measuring stickies are also reviewed. INTRODUCTION Large amounts of wastepaper are generated every day in the United States and interest in its reuse has increased steadily due to environmental concerns and improved economics. In 1990, for example, 28.9 million tons of wastepaper were collected for recycling. By 1995, that amount is expected to increase to almost 40 million tons with a collection rate of almost 40% [1]. To facilitate the use of secondary fibers, sticky contaminants, or "stickies,” must be controlled [2]. CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF STICKIES Wastepaper bales usually contain extraneous materials such as sand, glass, staples, nails, inks, coatings, plastic, styrofoam, wax, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), etc. A particularly troublesome contaminant in wastepaper is “stickies” which, in their original state, were used as paper adhesives. Inks end coatings can also be a source of stickies. Four primary components of inks include pigment, vehicle, binder, and modifier. -
White Paper on Sublimation Technologies Rel
ATPCOLOR White paper on sublimation technologies Rel. 1.7 Different technologies for thesame purpose, whichis the best? 1) So called “traditional procedure” 2) Direct printing on fabric and sublimation subsequent on separate calender 3) Direct printing on fabric and sublimation subsequent in integrated system using hot air 4) Direct printing on fabric and sublimation subsequent in integrated system with contact calender Index Sublimation 3 Inks, Need to know 1 Washing 3 Inks, Need to know 2 Sublimation/Disperse 4 Inks, Need to know 2 temperature and humidity 5 Traditional Procedure 5 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 6 Risks during the printing phase/fixation 6 Direct printing on fabric, sublimation in separate calender 7 Advantages 7 Disadvantages 7 Risks during the printing phase/fixation 8 Direct printing on fabric and sublimation with hot air 8 Advantages 8 Disadvantages 9 Risks during the printing phase/fixation 9 Direct printing on fabric and sublimation, with contact calender 10 Advantages 10 Disadvantages 10 Risks during the printing phase/fixation 11 R.1.7 S E I ECHNOLOG T ON TI MA Sublimation I UBL Phase Transition S wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation ER ON P A P Using so-called “sublimatic inks”, inks that once The process requires a high chemical affinity E deposited on media (in most o cases paper), if between dye and polyester fiber and vice versa IT taken at high temperatures (200° C) because otherwise there would be a lack of pe- WH “sublimate” pass from solid to gaseous state netration, this explains why you can’t use without passing through the intermediate li- sublimatic inks for printing on other textile fi- quid state. -
Enzymatic Stickies Control in MOW, OCC, and ONP Furnishes
James W. Fitzhenry Philip M. Hoekstra Dan Glover Senior Development Specialist Development Group Manager Project Manager Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories 1256 N. Mclean Blvd. 1256 N. Mclean Blvd 1256 N. Mclean Blvd Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 . Abstract Stickies remain as one of the major obstacles in the manufacture of quality paper using recycled fiber sources such as OCC, MOW, and ONP. A combination of proper water clarification, effective screening and cleaning practices, and low impact repulping will allow for the mechanical removal of a majority of stickies. However, stickie contaminants often remain in the process even after peak mechanical efficiencies for stickies removal are attained. The chemical control of stickies is the next tool for a papermaker's use. Some new effective tools in this arena are enzymes. Enzymes are gaining wider acceptance in the pulp and paper industry for a variety of applications such as pulp mill and paper machine boilouts, deposit control by dispersion of accumulated slime, pitch control, drainage assistance as well as other uses. A recent area of research involves using enzymes for the control of stickies. This paper describes laboratory work done in the search for an enzyme that will act on stickies. Evidence of action on stickies could be shown if the enzyme reduced either the size or the number of stickies. Laboratory data has provided this evidence. We will discuss work done on a number of different furnishes, and the effect of enzymes in reduction of stickies. Introduction Secondary fiber contaminants are a major issue in most recycled mills throughout the U.S., as the amount of recycled fibers such as mixed office waste (MOW), old corrugated containers (OCC), and old newsprint (ONP) used per ton of paper produced increases across the country (1). -
Conservation of Coated and Specialty Papers
RELACT HISTORY, TECHNOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF SPECIALTY PAPERS FOUND IN ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS: TRACING AND PIGMENT-COATED PAPERS By Dianne van der Reyden (Revised from the following publications: Pigment-coated papers I & II: history and technology / van der Reyden, Dianne; Mosier, Erika; Baker, Mary , In: Triennial meeting (10th), Washington, DC, 22-27 August 1993: preprints / Paris: ICOM , 1993, and Effects of aging and solvent treatments on some properties of contemporary tracing papers / van der Reyden, Dianne; Hofmann, Christa; Baker, Mary, In: Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 1993) ABSTRACT Museums, libraries, and archives contain large collections of pigment-coated and tracing papers. These papers are produced by specially formulated compositions and manufacturing procedures that make them particularly vulnerable to damage as well as reactive to solvents used in conservation treatments. In order to evaluate the effects of solvents on such papers, several research projects were designed to consider the variables of paper composition, properties, and aging, as well as type of solvent and technique of solvent application. This paper summarizes findings for materials characterization, degradative effects of aging, and some effects of solvents used for stain reduction, and humidification and flattening, of pigment-coated and modern tracing papers. Pigment-coated papers have been used, virtually since the beginning of papermaking history, for their special properties of gloss and brightness. These properties, however, may render coated papers more susceptible to certain types of damage (surface marring, embedded grime, and stains) and more reactive to certain conservation treatments. Several research projects have been undertaken to characterize paper coating compositions (by SEM/EDS and FTIR) and appearance properties (by SEM imaging of surface structure and quantitative measurements of color and gloss) in order to evaluate changes that might occur following application of solvents used in conservation treatments. -
Size Distribution Analysis of Microstickies Treated by Enzyme Mixtures in Papermaking Whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, and SHUBIN WU
PEER-REVIEWED RECYCLING Size distribution analysis of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures in papermaking whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, AND SHUBIN WU ABSTRACT: Microstickies present a formidable challenge for papermakers. Many strategies have been explored to control them. Enzyme treatment is a promising technology, but the mechanism of its action has not been deter- mined, thus inhibiting further application of this new technology. This study investigated characteristics and size dis- tributions of microstickies treated by esterase-cellulase mixtures. Determination of particle size and number was accomplished using a modified flow cytometer, which combined streaming capillary flow, laser-based particle size analysis and fluorescent dye tracing. The results showed that treatment of samples with enzyme mixtures induced size reduction of the larger microstickies. This effect was most dramatic for 1:1 ratios of esterase to cellulase. The treated particles were more stable than untreated ones. The smaller microstickies treated with some ratios of ester- ase and cellulase tended to aggregate over time. The behaviors of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures were only slightly affected by temperature and shearing action. The surface physicochemical characteristics of these par- ticles indicated that changes of these basic properties affected the whole whitewater system and resulted in a new equilibrium among all the particles. Application: This work provides a new method for controlling microstickies and could serve as a valuable refer- ence for the future application of enzymes in papermaking. he annual global production and consumption of and flotation [20,21]. Removal of the smaller stickies (70%– Tpaper and paperboard have recently reached almost 90% of stickies) is challenging [8]. -
Fibre to Board
Fibre to board Fibre to board Today’s processes of separating fibre and making paper- compost and road-building material. Using the entire tree board take place in facilities characterised by capital is an important part of our ambition to carry out sustain- intensity, high production volumes and the application of able production. the latest techniques of materials handling, continuous production and process control. From timber to fibre – the pulping process In many cases, including the mills of Iggesund Paper- The timber logs which are delivered to the pulp mill are first board, the production of pulp and the manufacture of debarked, since bark does not contain fibre suitable for paperboard are carried out on the same site in a continu- pulp manufacture. Bark is removed by friction, as logs are ous integrated process, giving benefits in quality, efficiency tumbled together in a rotating drum. The bark is then used and economy. as a fuel within the mill or composted to create garden soil. Managed forests provide the primary source of cellulose The next process depends on the type of separation or fibre from wood varieties such as spruce, pine and birch. defibration process used. The fibre is separated by mechanical or chemical pulp- ing and the whiteness and purity may subsequently be Pulp manufacture improved by bleaching. Basically the choice is between long fibres (spruce and Processing on the paperboard machine starts with the pine) and short fibres (birch). The boardmaker optimises formation of a layer of entangled fibres on a moving wire sheet forming, appearance and performance properties or plastic mesh from which water is removed by drainage.