MSCPre-AssessmentUpdate ForWakayamaTunaLongline
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MSC Pre-assessment Update for Wakayama Tuna Longline Fishery March 2017 Prepared for Yamasa Wakiguchi Suisan Prepared by Ocean Outcomes 421 SW 6th Ave, Ste 1400, Portland, OR 97204, USA Pre-assessment Team: Dr. Jocelyn Drugan, Ocean Outcomes 1 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Table of Contents Glossary 1. Executive summary 2. Introduction 2.1 Aims/scope 2.2 Constraints 2.3 Unit(s) of Assessment 2.4 Catch data 3. Description of the fishery 3.1 Overview of the fishery 3.3 Principle One: Target species background 3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem background 3.5 Principle Three: Management system background 4. Evaluation Procedure 4.1 Assessment methodologies used 4.2 Stakeholders to be consulted 4.3 Harmonisation with any overlapping MSC certified fisheries 5. Traceability (issues relevant to Chain of Custody certification) 5.1 Eligibility of fishery products to enter further Chains of Custody 6. Preliminary evaluation of the fishery 6.1 Applicability of the default assessment tree 6.1.1 Expectations regarding use of the Risk-Based Framework (RBF) 6.2 Evaluation of the fishery 6.3 Summary of likely PI scoring levels 7. Gap analysis References 2 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Glossary B, B Biomass, biomass at maximum sustainable yield MSY EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ETP Endangered,Threatened or Protected F, F Fishing rate/catching rate, fishing rate at maximum sustainable yield MSY FAO Food and Agriculture Organization [of the United Nations] FCR Fisheries Certification Requirements [for MSC] FIP Fishery Improvement Project GRT Gross register tons, one hundred cubic feet per ton IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JFA Japan Fisheries Agency LRP limit reference point MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries mt metric tons MSC Marine Stewardship Council MSY Maximum sustainable yield NGO Non-Governmental Organization PA Pre-assessment PI performance indicator RBF Risk Based Framework SSB, SSB Spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield MSY TAC Total Allowable Catch TRP target reference point UoA Unit of Assessment 3 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update 1. Executive summary This report is essentially an updated version of the 2012 MSC pre-assessment (PA) conducted on the Nachi-Katsuura Tuna Longline (Haenawa) Fishery. We used recent, publicly available information on stock status, bycatch species, and management to re-describe and re-evaluate potential MSC scoring ranges for the fishery. Main strengths of the fishery are that the targeted North Pacific albacore stock does not yet appear overfished, and RFMO management collects data and coordinates management across all of the countries that harvest the stock. One weakness is the lack of well defined harvest control rules, which will help ensure reduction of exploitation rate as the stock approaches limit reference points. Additionally, longline fisheries may catch species with overfished or depleted stock status, such as Pacific bluefin tuna, Western and Central Pacific bigeye tuna, and various shark species. Fishery impacts on depleted stocks will need to be considered in Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) or full assessment. 2. Introduction 2.1 Aims/scope This report provides an updated assessment and gap analysis of the MSC Pre-assessment of the Nachi-Katsuura Tuna Longline (Haenawa) Fishery, published by SCS Global Services in 2012. In particular, there is now improved information on the stock status of relevant tuna species. This report does not attempt to duplicate a full assessment against the MSC standard. 2.2 Constraints We did not have a specific fishery client to consult for this analysis and relied on publicly posted information to develop this assessment. 2.3 Unit(s) of Assessment Species: Binnaga or albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) Geographical Area: Fishing takes place in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. The main fishing areas are the coastal and offshore waters of Japan, which are traditionally divided into four fishing zones: Nihon-kinkai (waters adjacent to Japan; between latitudes N 25°and 32°and longitudes E 133°and 140°), Higashi-oki (waters off eastern coast of Japan; between latitudes N 37°and 40°and longitudes E 147°and 150°), Chunan (waters off south-central Japan; between latitudes N 10°and 30°and longitudes E 133°and 160°), and Nanpou (southern equatorial waters; south 4 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update of latitude N 10°). Nihon-kinkai, Higashi-oki, and Chunan are in FAO area 61(Northwest Pacific), while Nanpou is in FAO area 71 (Western Central Pacific). Figure 1. Tuna fishing areas near Japan used by 19 GRT longline vessels. Nihon-kinkai (waters adjacent to Japan; shown in blue), Higashi-oki (waters off eastern coast of Japan; shown in red), Chunan (waters off south-central Japan; shown in green), and Nanpou (southern equatorial waters; shown in dark yellow). Figure from Watanuki and Vincent 2012. This fishery operates both inside and outside of the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Winter (December through April) is the peak time to catch Pacific bluefin, bigeye, yellowfin, and albacore in the Nihon-kinkai area. Chunan is the largest and most productive area for albacore and yellowfin, which are fished throughout the year. The tuna landing port is located in Nachikatsuura, a town in the Wakayama prefecture of Japan. Method of Capture: Tuna longline, operated by 19 GRT (hundreds of cubic feet) vessels. Stocks: There are six albacore tuna stocks assessed and managed worldwide, and this fishery targets the North Pacific Ocean stock. 5 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Management System: ● At the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMO) level, relevant management bodies include the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) ● At the national level relevant management bodies include the Japan Fisheries Agency (JFA) in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). 2.4 Catch data No TAC (total allowable catch) has been set for North Pacific albacore, either globally or within Japan. Total catches (in metric tons; mt) are shown in the table below. Table 1. Albacore catch data from WCPFC 2016. Year Japan, coastal longline North Pacific, longline North Pacific, total WCPFC, total 2006 16,734 34,270 69,761 104,986 2007 18,409 31,771 94,644 126,701 2008 13,679 28,369