National Technology Mission on Technical Textiles
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NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY MISSION ON TECHNICAL TEXTILES Preamble Ministry of Textiles organized the Tex-Summit 2007 on 31st August and 1st September at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. The Summit was attended by the leading industrialist, entrepreneurs, economists, technocrats. Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in his Valedictory Address announced about launching of Technology Mission on Technical Textiles in the XI Five Year Plan. Prime Minister also made an announcement that a Core Committee consisting of Ministry of Textiles, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Finance and NMCC be constituted to look into the problems plaguing the textile industry and assured all support for the development of the industry. Introduction 1.1 Textiles are indispensable part of human life. They are used mainly to cover the human body for protection against all the adversities. Technological innovations have also made it possible for textile industry to offer technical solutions to the multiple end-users in the different industries. 1.2 Technical textiles are defined as textile materials and products used primarily for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative characteristics. Other terms used for defining technical textiles include industrial textiles, functional textiles, performance textiles, engineering textiles, invisible textiles and hi-tech textiles. 1.3 Technical textiles are used individually or as a component/part of another product to enhance its functional properties. The examples of technical textiles used individually to satisfy specific functions are fire retardant fabric for uniforms of firemen, coated fabric as awnings, airbags, carpets etc. The examples of technical textiles as a component or part of another product are tyre cord fabrics in tyres, interlining in shirt collars, webbings in seat belts etc. Technical textiles are also used as accessories in processes to manufacture other products like filter fabric in food industry or paper maker felt in paper mills. 1.4 Technical textiles is a knowledge based research oriented industry and has been slowly but steadily gaining ground due to one or more of the reasons such as: functional requirement, health & safety; cost effectiveness; durability; high strength; light weight; versatility; customization; user friendliness; eco friendliness; logistical convenience etc. 1.5 Technical textiles are not a single coherent industry and market segment is diverse and broad based. Its usage is in diverse industries from aero space to railways to construction etc. and is developing in other industries also due to technological advances. The range and diversity of raw materials, processes, products and applications that it encompasses is immense. Depending on the product characteristics, functional requirements and end-use applications the highly diversified range of technical textile products have been grouped into 12 sectors application wise: End use application wise segments of technical textiles Agrotech Meditech Horticulture + landscape Hygiene, medicine gardening, agriculture + forestry, animal keeping Buildtech Mobiltech Membrane, lightweight + massive Cars, ships, aircraft, trains, construction, engineering + space travel industrial building. Clothtech Oekotech Garments, shoes Environmental protection, recycling, waste disposal Geotech Packtech Road infrastructure, Railways, Packaging, protective-cover Irrigation and Hydraulic structures, systems, sacks, big bags, Waste Landfills, Dams etc. container systems Hometech Protech Furniture, upholstery + interior Person and property furnishing, rugs, floor coverings protection Indutech Sporttech Filtration, cleaning, mechanical Sport and leisure, active engineering, chemical industry wear, outdoor, sport articles. 2 Major technical textile products 2.1 The range and diversity of raw materials, processes, production and applications of technical textiles is mind boggling. There are more than 200 products classified as technical textiles and its application areas are increasing day by day, on account of technological innovations taking place in fibres, materials and processes in different parts of the world. Some examples of day-to-day use of Technical Textile products are given below: Some examples of day-to-day use of technical textile products Sr. No. Applications Products 1 Kitchen Wipes, Floor Mops, Tea Bags, Coffee Filters 2 Clothe Collar / Cuff Interlinings, Shoulder Pads, Waddings in Jackets 3 Shoe Lining, Insoles, Toe Stiffners, Synthetic Uppers 4 Car Carpets, Roof-liners, Insulations, Air Filters 5 Civil Engineering Geotextiles in Roads, Railway Tracks, Soil Erosion, Slope Stabilisation 6 Furnishing Carpets, Vertical Blinds, Wall Coverings 7 Factory Dust Collection Filter Bags, Liquid Filtration, Clean Air Filters of AC systems 8 Hospital Masks, Gowns, Caps, Dressing, Bandage 9 Hygiene Baby Diaper, Sanitary Napkin, Wet Tissues 10 Bed Blanket, Quilts, Mattresses International Scenario 3.1 The world market for technical textiles was estimated to be around 19.68 million tonnes with a value of US$ 107 billion during 2005 which is expected to increase to 23.77 million tonnes with a value of US$ 127 billion by 2010. The drivers for future growth of this industry are expected to be Asian countries like China and India. 3.2 In the global scenario, Mobiltech, Indutech and Sporttech are predominant segments which contribute about 56 percent of total global consumption of 3 technical textiles. The segment-wise global market size in 2005 and potential in 2010 is given below : Segment-wise market size of technical textiles Volume – ‘000 tonnes Value – US$ mn. Year CARG (%) Technical Textile 2005 2010 Sectors Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Mobiltech 2828 26861 3338 29282 3.02 1.34 Indutech 2624 16687 3257 21528 3.98 4.85 Sporttech 1153 16052 1382 19062 3.40 3.21 Buildtech 2033 7296 2591 9325 4.63 4.73 Hometech 2499 7622 2853 8778 2.70 2.66 Clothtech 1413 7014 1656 8306 2.95 3.19 Meditech 1928 6670 2380 8238 4.43 4.33 Agrotech 1615 6568 1958 8079 3.55 3.84 Protech 279 5873 340 6857 3.63 2.82 Packtech 2990 5329 3606 6630 3.52 4.20 Geotech 319 927 413 1203 4.94 4.98 Total 19681 106899 23774 127288 3.59 3.20 of which Oekotech 287 1039 400 1389 6.45 5.67 Source : DRA. 3.3 The trend in the various sectors in the textile industry in many industrialized countries indicate that the use of conventional textiles has reached a static level and its manufacture has become highly competitive, often unviable and many companies are switching over to value-added technical textiles with capability to meet functional demands for precision applications. As use of technical textiles is dictated by need, its pricing normally offers good margins. There is a steady growth of both consumption and production of technical textiles throughout the world. A view of gaining ground that technical textile industry in the developed world is maturing in some significant ways and growth of technical textiles in developed economies is expected to e moderate. In contrast, China, India and other countries in Asia, America and Eastern Europe are expected to experience healthy growth in the near future. In the global context, sector-wise 4 contribution expected, future growth and ranking of the 12 sectors is given in Table 1.1 Fibre consumption in technical textiles 4.1 Technical textiles are predominantly man-made / inorganic fibre/yarn based because of inherent advantages of strength and versatility of such fibre/yarn and this trend is expected to continue in future also as per details given below: Fibre consumption in technical textiles Volume – ‘000 tonnes Year Fibre Type CARG (%) 2000 2005 2010 Natural 3462 3839 4447 2.54 Man-made / Inorganic 13252 15843 19327 3.85 Total 16714 19682 23774 3.59 Source : DRA. 4.2 Fibre wise consumption indicates that polyoliefin and polyester accounts for 50 percent of the consumption followed by glass and jute at 15 percent and 14 percent respectively. Cotton and viscose account for 7 percent and 6 percent respectively. The specialized fibres and yarns such as aramids and carbon fibres account for only 1 percent of total textile materials used in technical textile application. Product wise consumption of technical textiles 5.1 Technical textiles are consumed in the form of unspun fibres, yarn and in the fabric form, however, major consumption is in the form of fabric at 67 percent, unspun fibres at 24 percent and remaining 9 percent in yarn type products. The examples of fibre, yarn and fabric type products of technical textiles are given below: 5 Examples of technical textile products 1. Fibres Reinforcement for composites, cushioning, fillings, electrical components, Insulation, Sports equipment, toys. 2. Yarn type Sutures, Ropes, Fishing gears, shoe components, swings, products etc. 3. Fabrics (i) Woven fabrics Filtration, Flexible Bulk Containers, Conveyor belts, luggage, carpet and carpet backing, PVC coating substrates, Tarpaulin, Furniture components, Bed Ticking, Protective clothing, Electrical components, Geotextiles, sports and leisure wear, Wound care, Bandages, Insulation tapes, Narrow fabrics, Compression bandages. (ii) Knitted fabrics Luggage, Fishing nets, Shoe components, Cleaning cloths, Filtration, Protective clothing, Sports and leisure wear, PVC coating substrates, knitted geogrids. (iii) Non-wovens Coverstock-sanitary napkins & diapers, Pollution Control and other Air & liquid filtration, Garment Interlinings & Waddings, Geotextiles, Carpets-Home & Automotive, Shoe Components,