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ALTERNATIVAS PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS CRUSTÁCEOS DECÁPODOS DEL ESTERO EL VERDE CAMACHO, SINALOA, MÉXICO Alternatives Fo

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ALTERNATIVAS PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS CRUSTÁCEOS DECÁPODOS DEL ESTERO EL VERDE CAMACHO, SINALOA, MÉXICO Alternatives Fo www.ujat.mx/publicaciones/uciencia 24(1):41-48,2008 ALTERNATIVAS PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS CRUSTÁCEOS DECÁPODOS DEL ESTERO EL VERDE CAMACHO, SINALOA, MÉXICO Alternatives for the use of decapod crustaceans in Estero El Verde Camacho, Sinaloa, Mexico JF Arzola-González , LM Flores-Campaña (JFAG) (LMFC) Gestión Ambiental de Ecosistemas Costeros. FACIMAR, UAS. Apartado postal 610, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. [email protected] Catálogo recibido: 2 de junio de 2005, aceptado: 28 de septiembre de 2007 RESUMEN. La comunidad de crustáceos decápodos del estero El Verde, Camacho, Sinaloa estuvo compuesta por 31 especies, 17 géneros y 12 familias. El género Uca (Ocypodidae) fue el más común. Las jaibas Callinectes arcuatus y C. toxotes y los camarones Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris y Farfantepenaeus californiensis destacaron entre las especies de interés comercial. Macrobrachium tenellum y Gecarcinus planatus son otras especies que, por sus tallas, podrían representar alternativas de aprovechamiento. También, Goniopsis pulchra por su color así como Uca crenulata, U. zacae, U. princeps, U. latimanus, U. musica y U. vocator, por su evidente dimorfismo sexual pueden resultar atractivas para los visitantes del estero. Palabras clave: Crustáceos, utilidad, estero El Verde. ABSTRACT. The decapod crustacean community in Estero El Verde, Camacho, Sinaloa included 31 species, 17 genera and 12 families. The genus Uca (Ocypodidae) was the most common. The swimming crabs Callinectes arcuatus and C. toxotes and the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris and Farfantepenaeus californiensis were particularly notable among the commercial species. Macrobrachium tenellum and Gecarcinus planatus might represent alternatives for exploitation due to their large size. Species with evident sexual dimorphism such as Uca crenulata, U. zacae, U. princeps, U. latimanus, U. musica and U. vocator, and species with interesting colours such as Goniopsis pulchra could be visually attractive to visitors of the estuary. Key words: Crustaceans, use, Estero El Verde. INTRODUCCIÓN 2001; Santamaría-Miranda et al. 2005). Los crustáceos del estero El Verde, Camacho El estero El Verde, Camacho, es un ecosis- constituyen un recurso biológico diverso. En los últi- tema estuarino formado por reducidos ecosistemas mos años se han publicado diversas investigaciones acuáticos permanentes debido a su relativo aisla- sobre esta fauna, las cuales se han enfocado a as- miento del agua marina (Hendrickx 1993). Estos pectos sistemáticos, biológicos y ecológicos de esta ecosistemas son utilizados como sitios de alimenta- región (van der Heiden & Hendrickx 1982, Hendri- ción y refugio de fauna acuática y terrestre, tanto de ckx 1993). El listado de especies de los crustáceos especies migratorias como residentes (Dodds 2002). decápodos que habitan en el estero, incluye algunas Entre esta fauna, los crustáceos decápodos, son de posibles líneas de aprovechamiento para este grupo importancia alimenticia y económica para el hom- taxonómico. bre, ya que aportan a México anualmente el 42 % de la producción pesquera en el Pacífico mexicano MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS (Anónimo 2005). Los decápodos también son consi- derados como reguladores ecológicos, formando par- El estero El Verde, Camacho se localiza en la te de la dieta alimenticia de muchas especies de pe- franja costera de Urías - Piaxtla - Elota al sur de Si- ◦ ◦ ◦ ces y otros organismos comerciales (Cognetti et al. naloa, México (106 32’ 14” - 106 33’ 26” O y 23 41 Arzola-González, Flores-Campaña 24(1):41-48,2008 24’ 29” - 23◦ 25’ 18” N). El sistema constituye una Familia Penaeidae Rafinesque, 1815 laguna costera con boca efímera, en la cual desem- Género Farfantepenaeus Burukovsky, boca el río Quelite y el flujo de arroyos estacionales. 1997 El estero cuenta aproximadamente con 75 ha de su- Farfantepenaeus californiensis perficie y 28 ha de manglar (Flores-Verdugo et al. Holmes, 1900 1993). Los muestreos fueron mensuales en un ciclo Utilización. Es una especie de interés por los anual y los organismos se capturaron de forma direc- pescadores de la localidad y se comercializa en fres- ta, con trampas de plástico y redes de enmalle (chin- co, seco o congelado (Fischer et al. 1995). chorros). Los crustáceos fueron conservados en al- Distribución geográfica. Bahía San Francisco, cohol al 70 % y etiquetados con datos de campo pa- California, E.U.A., hasta Callao, Perú, incluyendo ra la conformación de la colección de referencia. La el Golfo de California e islas Galápagos (Hendrickx determinación taxonómica fue de acuerdo a Brus- 1996). ca (1980), Garth & Abbott (1980), Haig & Abbott Género Litopenaeus Pérez-Farfante (1980), van der Heiden & Hendrickx (1982), Wi- 1969. cksten (1983), Hendrickx (1984; 1992; 1993; 1995), Litopenaeus stylirostris Stimpson, Salgado-Barragán & Hendrickx (1996) y Martin & 1874 Davis (2001), así como la comparación de especies Utilización. Es un recurso de considerable im- con la Colección Regional de Invertebrados del La- portancia ya que cada temporada se cultiva en forma boratorio de Invertebrados Bentónicos de la Univer- extensiva y se comercializa en fresco, seco, conge- sidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Es- lado o cocinado (Fischer et al. 1995). tación Mazatlán. Distribución geográfica. Punta Abreojos, Ba- ja California y alto Golfo de California, México hasta CATÁLOGO Tumbes, Perú (Hendrickx 1996). La colección de los crustáceos decápodos del Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 estero El Verde, Camacho resguarda 461 organis- Utilización. Esta especie es considerada de mos pertenecientes a 12 familias, distribuidas en 17 importancia comercial por su volumen de pesca en géneros y 31 especies. Ocypodidae fue la familia con el estero, alcanzando en ocasiones al año las 30 t. mayor representatividad con seis especies, mientras Distribución geográfica. Norte del Golfo de que Uca resultó el género con mayor número de California hasta Tumbes, Perú (Pérez-Farfante especies (U. crenulata, U. zacae, U. princeps, U. 1970). latimanus, U. musica y U. vocator). En cuanto a su abundancia relativa, Callinectes arcuatus representó Infraorden Caridea Dana, 1852 el 34.5 % y se distribuyó por todo el canal principal. Superfamilia Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, El grapsido Goniopsis pulchra siguió en abundancia 1815 relativa con 10.2 %. Familia Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 Género Macrobrachium Bate, 1863 Phylum Arthopoda Macrobrachium tenellum Smith, 1871 Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 Utilización. La especie se considera como fau- Clase Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 na de acompañamiento del camarón en el estero. Es- Subclase Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 te camarón se considera como un recurso pesquero Superorden Eucarida Calman, 1904 poco limitado, aunque alcanza tallas relativamente Orden Decapoda Latreille, 1802 grandes. Es explotado en forma local, como produc- Infraorden Dendobranchiata Bate, 1888 to fresco en los mercados y utilizado como carnada. Superfamilia Penaeoidea Rafinesque, Una reducida parte del producto se exporta. Ade- 1815 más, esta especie se aprovecha a nivel de sustento 42 Crustáceos decápodos del Estero el Verde Camacho 24(1):41-48,2008 (Rodríguez-Domínguez et al. 2000). la Correa, Perú (Ball & Haig 1974). Distribución geográfica. Los Angeles Harbour, California, Golfo de California (Brusca 1980) al Infraorden Brachyura Latreille, 1802 sur de Molienda, Perú e islas Galápagos (Williams Sección Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980 1974). Subsección Heterotremata Guinot, 1977 Superfamilia Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Género Palaemonetes, Heller, 1869 Familia Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815 Palaemonetes hiltoni Schmitt, 1921 Género Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 Utilización. Por sus tallas no se comercializa, Callinectes arcuatus Ordway, 1863 solamente se emplea como carnada. Utilización. Esta jaiba se comercializa de for- Distribución geográfica. San Pedro, Los An- ma secundaria cuando se encuentra en veda el ca- geles, California hasta Laguna de Caimanero, Sina- marón y se consume en fresco o cocido, sus tallas loa (Holthuis 1952). se ubicaron en ancho del caparazón desde 10.7 mm a 106.6 mm. Superfamilia Alpheoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Distribución geográfica. Los Angeles, Califor- Familia Alpheidae Rafinesque, 1815 nia, E.U.A., Golfo de California, México al sur de Género Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 Mollendo, Perú (Williams 1974). Alpheus mazatlanicus Wicksten, 1983 Utilización. No representa un recurso explota- Callinectes toxotes Orsay, 1863 ble, pero si de atracción por el sonido que produce Utilización. Es una especie poco explotada a con las quelas. pesar de registrar tallas comerciales en ancho del ca- Distribución geográfica. Laguna Huizache- parazón desde 110 a 195 mm. Su captura es mínima Caimanero, estero de Urías y El Verde Camacho, y su consumo es local. Sinaloa (Wicksten 1983). Distribución geográfica. Norte del Río Piaxtla, Sinaloa, México (Paul 1982) al norte de Perú (Wi- Infraorden Anomura MacLeay, 1838 lliams 1974). Superfamilia Paguroidea Latreille, 1802 Familia Coenobitidae Dana, 1851 Superfamilia Xanthoidea MacLeay 1838 Género Coenobita Latreille, 1826 Familia Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893 Coenobita compressus H. Milne- Género Acantholobulus Felder & Martin, Edwards, 1837 2003 Utilización. Esta especie por sus tallas no re- Acantholobulus bermudensis presenta importancia económica. (Benedict & Rathbun 1891) Distribución geográfica. Región central del Utilización. Sus tallas son pequeñas, entre 0.5 Golfo de California hasta Perú (Brusca 1980). y 15 mm de ancho del caparazón y es una especie no comercial. Familia
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