Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY AFRICAN HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY AFRICAN HISTORY Editor: Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Deputy Editor: Dickson Eyoh First published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group # 2003 Routledge Typeset in Baskerville by Taylor & Francis Books Ltd Indexed by Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history / edited by Paul Tiyambe Zeleza and Dickson Eyoh Includes bibliographical references and index 1. Africa–History–20th century–Encyclopedias. I. Zeleza, Tiyambe, 1955- II. Eyoh, Dickson, 1954- DT29 .E53 2003 960.3'1'03–dc21 2002031682 ISBN 0–415–23479–4 Contents Editorial team vi How to use this encyclopedia xv List of contributors vii Thematic entry list xvi Introduction xi Entries A–Z 1 Acknowledgments xiv Index 627 v Editorial team General editor Valerie Hoffman University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Paul Tiyambe Zeleza University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Eboe Hutchful Wayne State University, USA Deputy editor Bogumil Jewswiecki Universite´ Laval, Canada Dickson Eyoh University of Toronto, Canada Cheryl Johnson-Odim Columbia College Chicago, USA Associate editors Zine Magubane University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Keletso Atkins University of Minnesota, USA Wunyabari Maloba University of Delaware, USA Bruce J.
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