Pacific Fisheries Council Proceedings

FOODAND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONOF THE UNITED NATIONS

INDO - PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS

~THMEETING QUEZON CITY REPUBLlC OF THE PHILIPPINES

23rd October-7th November, 1952

SECTION 1

QUEZON CL'I'Y NOVEMBER, 1952 OFFICE-BEARERS

of the

INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL, 1952/53

Chairrnan ...... RAOUL SERBNE

Vice-Chairman . . , . . NAI BOON INDRAMBARYA

Retir~ng Chairman ...DEOGRACIAS V. VILLAIMLID

Secretary * ...... CECIL MILES

TEHNICAL COMMM'n3E I XCIINICAL COMMITTEE I1

Australia ...... Mr. D. j. Rochfo;d (Chairman) IvIr. H. W. BulIock

Bum ...... Mr. U Ra Kpsv Mr. U Ba Kyaw

Cambodia ...... M. Dom-Saveun M. Dom-Saveun

France ...... Mons. R. Serene Mons. It. Serene

India ...... Dr. N. K. Panikkar Cr. D. R. Bhatia

Indonesia ...... Dr. J. D. F. &der,berg (Rapporteur) Mr. G. M. Charidjie ~Yasuma

Japan ...... Mr. M. Fujinaga Mr. ,K. Kuronuma

Korea ...... Mr. Chee ChouI Keun Mr. Nam Sang Kyu ,

Netherlands ...... Mr. D. C. Zwollo Dr. C. J. Botternanne

Pakistan ...... kir. Nazir Ahmad Dr. 1'4. K. Qacsbi (Chairman)

Philippines ...... Mr. H. R. Montalban Mr. C. Martin

Thailand ...... Mr. Boon Indrambarya Mr. Boon Indrarnbarya

United Kingdo:il ...... Mr. M. L. Parry Mr. T. Gorazdowski

United States ci America . Cr. W. F. Royce Mr. W. C. Neville

Vietnam ...... Mons. Le Huu Ky hlons. Traxi Van Tri (Rapporteur)

---.- * Tlie Office of Sxretary of the CouncP is currently discl~ar~edby the F.A.O. Regional Fi&riu Officer for Asia and the Far East. FNDO - PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS

~THMEETING QUEZON CITY REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

23rd October-7th November, 1952

SECTION I

QUEZON CITY NOVEMBER, 195% WELCOME ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE, THE SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, JOAQUIN M. ELIZALDE

Excellencies, Mr. Chairman, Delegates to the Zndo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Ladies and Gentlemen:

In the name of th,e Philippine Government, I extend to all of you a most cordial welcome. The Philippines is indeed fortun.de that you have honored her with a visit for the purpose of discussing a subject of vital economic significance to the peoples in this region. We shall all, Z am certain, benefit greatly by th.e knowledge, training and experience that you bring to this meeti~g. It is with particular pleasure that I address you on this occasion for I was present. as Chief Delegate of the Philippie Government, when the ik of forming the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council was first conceived at the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Baguio in 1948. I am, therefore, most happy to officiate at this meeting of the Council which is the fruition of our earlier efforts. The estabtishmmt of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council is a recognition of the need for a concerted and systematic stud3 of the fishery resozcrces in this area with the end in view of increasing the production of fish as a source of badly-needed food for its teeming millions. The Council has n difficult task ahead of it and fully de- serves the s?lpport and encouragement of every Government concerned. This Fourth Meeting of the Council is held at a time when the food problem of the populous Zndo-Pacific countries is as pressing as ever. Much is to be done yet in the resolution of this important economic question which hccs engaged the attention of statesmen and economists for a long time. An important phase of this problem is the development and exploitation of the aquatic resources. In most countries of the Indo-Pacific region, jisheries are still in an infant stage. With proper technical and financial assistance, fisheries in the area could attain full development. It is hoped that the Council, in due time, will succeed in bringing about a widespread improvement in fishery technology which will increase the production of fish for the inhabitants in the area. Many of the countries represented at this meeting have attained their politid id.ependence only in recent years. The exercise of sovereignty meant the assumption of responsibility for multifarious problems many of which are the concern of more than one nation. It is heartening to note that these new states are approaching their common problems such as fisheries not only in the light of self-interest bu,t also with due regard to the welfare of the whole Indo-Pacific community. We should all take pride in the wide representation of the Indo-Pacific countries in this Council which is evidence enough that purely technical considerations entered into its organization and composition. This is a significa7r.t fact that augurs well for the future pace and prosperity of this part of the world. Colluboration on a higher plane is often predicated upon cooperation in scientific and economic matters. It is my firm conviction that frequent meetings like this one help create a friendly atmos- ph@e in which problems of a different nature might be better resolved. A feeling of mutual amity and goodwill, built u;p over a se.ries of friendly guctherings, is most Eonducive to the attainment of international understanding. Aside frcm the technical objectives which tlze Council may accomplish at this meeting, I am certain that there will also emerge from it an increased awareness of our proh1sm.s in common and a stronger feeling of coope~ationin their solution. I trmst that you will take back to your respective lands and peoples a renewed spirit of friendship and understanding engendered at this meeting. I wish you success in gour delibemtions and a pleasant sojozr,rn in the Philip- pines. AGENDA

(As approved at Second Session, October 27th' 1952) A. P~ocz~u~atITE3IS : 1. Adoption of the Agenda 2. Report on Credentials 3. Statement of Delegations 4. Election of Chairman and Vice-Chairman 5. Executive Committee Report 6. Secl+taly's Report on the Financial Affairs of the Council 7. Budget 8. Proposals for Amendments to the Agreement and Rules 8.1. Status of Council's Resolution 51/ 22.1 (1) passed at Third Meeting 8.2. Proposal of Government of Philippines for amendment of Paragraph 2, Article VI of ment 8.3. Executive Committee's proposal for amendment to Section X of Rules of Procedure 9. Membership and Liaison 9.1. Membership 9.2. Liaison 9.21. with F.A.O. a. Interim Committee on Fish Handling and Processing b. Conference and Pre-Conference Meetings 9.22. With UNESCO 9.23. Other 10. Nomination of Technical Committees and Working Groups

11. Council Correspondents ' 12. Time and Place of next Meeting B. GENEEAL TECHNICALITEMS: 13. Reports of Committees 14. Review of Programmes 15. Annual Report to FA0 16. Bibliographic work 17. Publications 17.1. Preparation 17.2. Editorial Work 17.3. Distribution and Exchange 18. Films 19. Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance for Economic Development and Technical In- struction 20. Subject of the Symposium of the 5th Meeting 21. Regionalization 22. Fishing on the High Seas 23. Proposed Indo-Pacific Oceanographic Ins ;itute C. TECHNICALITEMS FOR TECHNICAL COMMITTFES: 24. Technical Committee 1 24.1. Hydrology 24.2. Planktology 24.3. Biology 25. Technical Cornknittee I1 25.1. Gear Technology 25.2. Food Technology 25.3. Socio-Economics 25.4. Statistics 26. Inter-Committee Working Groups D. MISCELLUINEOUSITEMS : 27. Any other business PROCEEDINGS

The Meeting was formally opened by the Chair- not been named. Nominations for Chairman and man on Thursday, October 23rd, 1952 at 4 p.m. Vice-chairman can only fall on Delegates or Al- at the College of Liberal Arts, University of the ternates. The Council accepted that in the case Philippines, Quezon City. An address of welcome of the U. K. and the U. S. the Chief Delegate was given by the Hon. Joaquin M. Elizalde, Sec- should be invited to nominate his Alternate. At retary for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the the same time, the Council recommends to Mem- Philippines. Subsequent sessions were held in the ber Governments that when a delegation attend- Social Hall of the same University. ing a Council Meeting consists of more than one representative, an Alternate be specified. Many The Meeting was attended by 40 representa- credentials were only presented to the Secretariat tives of 15 Member Governments of the Council. after the commencement of, the Meeting and it Nominations of Observers were received from 4 was resolved that at future Meetings the presen- International Organizations. tation of credentials should be a pre-requisite to The Meeting was serviced by the Secretary and registration of the delegations. Credentials were assistant staff from the Bangkok Regional Of- also received from Observers on behalf of the fice, assisted by Dr. G. L. Kesteven and Mr. G. Uliited Nations, UNESCO, the Pacific Science M. Gerhardsen from the Rome Headquarters of Association and the South Pacific Commission. the Orpnization, acting as technical secretaries. Item 8.-Statements by Delegations: Delega- The Meeting was also attended by Mr. W. H. tions, at the invitation of the Chair, made short Cummings, Regional Representative of the Direc- statements on behalf of their Governments. tor General and Dr. D. B. Finn, Director of Fish- eries, on behalf of the Food and Agriculture Or- Item 4.-Election of Chaimn and Vice-Chir- ganization of the United Nations. man: Mons. R. Serene (France) was elected Chairman, and Mr. Boon Indrambarya (Thai- The Meeting consisted of 14 full Council Ses- land) was elected Vice-chairman, for 1952-53. sions and numerous Committee Sessions. Three evening symposium sessions were held and tech- Itenz 5.-Executive Committee Reports: The nical films were projected which had been brought report of the Executive Committee for 1951-52, to the Meeting from Bangkok and Rome by the (Appendix I) was adopted. The submissions of Secretariat, and from India by the Delegate from the Committee regarding the Council's responsibi- that country. Films were also available from lities and their discharge were considered at great the United States. length and the Council's study of this problem is presented as Appendix 2. In adopting this, the The Delegates attended receptions given by the RESOLVED President of the Philippines, the Mayor of Que- Council : zon City, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, the That the Secretariat be directed to con- Acting Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Re- sider the implications of the proposals sources, the President of the University of the Philippines, the Director of Fisheries of the Phil- made by the CounciI in connection with ippines and several others. Several excursions the conduct of Council work and make its. were organized to points of interest by land and recommendations to the Council's Fifth water. Meeting. ' Item 2 .-Adoptwn of Agenda: The Agenda was Item 6.-Secretarg's Report on Financial Af- adopted as presented by the Secretariat. fairs: The Secretary's Report on the Financial Itenz 2.-Credentials :Credentials were received Affairs of the Council, attached to the Execu- as presented by fifteen delegations of Member tive Committee's Report, was adopted. Countries, the Delegate for Burma having ar- Item 7.--Budget: The Secretary's Report on rived in time fo? the Seventh Session. It was the Budget was considered and approved as ap- reported to the Council by a special Committee pended to the Executive Committee's report. It that in most cases the intent of the credentials was considwed that, there being no Council Meet- was clear and acceptable to the Council although ing scheduled for the calendal. year 1953, the it was noted that in two cases an alternate had Executive Comniittee miiht seek authority from the Organizatioh to transfer the sum of $750 The Delegate for the United Kingdon1 placed corresponding to the item "Meetings" to the item cn record that his Government desired an expia- "Travel", which \~ouldpermit the holding of two nation as to the necessity for such a change, full Executive Committee meetings in case the which might increase the expenses of the Coun- expenses of the immediately retired Chairman cil, and it was explained that for some time past were to be covered by this budget item. The it had been felt that the inclusion of the imme- Council gave. attention to the increasing amount diately retired Chairman in the redar meetings of work required of the Secretariat and felt that of the Executive Committee was called for in or- means might be sought of reducing the heavy (lei to achieve continuity of action and so that burden placed on the permanent staff, with a the Council might benefit from his adrninistra- corresponding reduction in expenditure on sup- tive experience over a period of two or three plies, stationery, temporary services, etc. It was years. It was further stated that an amend- also suggested that it might be found possible to ment to the Agreement was necessaly in addi- effect a considerable saving along these lines if tion to the action taken at the Third Meeting and Parts I1 and 111 of the Proceedings could be recorded in Resolution 8.1 of this Meeting, in order that the Director General of the Organiza- printed in time for distribution at the Council's tion might consider authorizing payment of the Meetings, and that the system of Assignment expenses of the immediately retired Chairman Notes might be in some degree consolidated. when performing duties connected with the Coun- Item 8.-Agreement uncl Rules cil's work during intervals between its Meetings, within the limits of the annual budget prepared Item 8.1 .-Resolution 51/23.1(1): The Council and approved In accordance with the current unanimously RESOLV~: regulations of the Organization. That the statement of the Director Gen- Item 8.3.-Amendment to Rules: By the unani- eral to the effect that the Council is em- mous vote of 14 Delegates present at the time, powered to change the Membership of its it was agreed that it was desirable that the con- Executive Committee without reference to duct of such of the Council's administrative and him shall be deemed to be equivalent to technical affairs as may not fall ,within tht com- such approval by the Director General and petence of its two Technical Committees should be f.acilitated and it was RESOLVED: that Paragraph 1, Section X of the Rules of Procedure shall read as amended by That the following paragraph be added Resolution No. 22.1 (1) of the Third Meet- to Section, X of the Council's Rules of Pro- ing. cedure : 3. The Council may establish at a reg- Item 8.2.-Amendment to the Agreement: By the unanimous vote of 14 delegations present at ular meeting such other ad hoe Commit- the time, a motion of the Delegate for the Phil- tees and/or Working Groups as xay be ippines was approved whe~ebyit was RESOLVED: necessary to consider such matters as may not fall within the terms of reference of That Paragraph 2, Article VI of the CcunciI's Agreement be amended as fol- its Technical Committees, or which may be common to more than one of them. lows : Replace the word 'and' between the (a) The terms of reference of such words 'Chairman' and 'Vice-chairman' Committees and Working Groups shall be by a comma and insert after the word laid down by the Council at the time of 'Vice-chairman' the words 'and imme- their establishment. diately retired Chairman'. (b) Each Committee or Working Group It was recorded that proposals for the amend- shall select a Chairman from among its ment of the Agreement which extend the power members who shall act as Rapporteur. of the Council to incur expense to be borne by (c) T h e Committees a n d Working FA0 require, besides a two-thirds majority of all the Members of the Council, the approval of the Groups shall report to the Council through Director-General and the Secretary was instruct- the Executive Committee either at the ed to solicit such approval. meeting at which they were appointed or at the next regular meeting, or both, ac- utilize the presence of members of the two Coun- cording to their terms of reference and the cils in an area for personal exchange of ideas Councll shall then decide whether or not yegarding organization and functioning of the respective Councils. ',hey shall continue to operate during the ensiling period. (B) UNESCO: Considering the services which UNESCO might be able to offer the I.P.F.C. on (d) The Committees and Working its technical programme, the Council RESOLVED: Groups may from time to time set up such (2) That Correspondents to maintain Sub-Committees as may be required to liaison between UNESCO Science Coop- comply effectively with their terms of re- eration Offices and the I. P. F. C. be ap ference as laid down by the Council. pointed in Delhi, Djakarta and Manila, Item 9.-Membership and Liaison: that these Correspondents should be the Item 9.1.-Membership: The withdrawal of the members of the Executive Committee if Government of the Republic of China from the my of them reside in the city in which Food and Agriculture Organization was recorded, such offices exist, and that where this is as was the acceptance by the Government of Japan of the Council's Agreement under the impossible the Executive Committee be au- terms of Articles VIII and IX thereof . thorized to nominate such Correspondents. It was recommended that these Correspondenb Item 9.2-Liaison : give particular attention to the following aspects (A) General Fisheries Council for the Medi- of UNESCO's activities *which could be of im- temanean: The Council, on being apprised of the mediate interest to I. P. F. C. f onnation of this Council, RESOLVED: (a) The bibliographic documentation work of (1) Whereas the Representatives of the the UNESCO Science Cooperation Offices. Member Governments of the Indo-Pacific (To avoid possible duplication of effort). Fisheries Council are apprised at the (b) The microfilming and photocopying services of the Science Cooperative Offices. Fourth Meeting of the Council at Quezon (c) The arranging of regional symposia on hy- City, Republic of the Philippines, of the drobiology. establishment of the General Fisheries (d) The UNESCO education programmes in Council for the Mediterranean which came the region such as might be oriented to into being on the 21st of February, 1952, I.P.F.C. technical needs. the Council RESOLVES:That this meeting (C) Pacific Science Congress : Considering the records with satisfaction the formation of importance to the proposed symposium on phys- the General Fisheries Council for the ical and biological oceanography at the Manila Mediterranean and that the' Chairman be meeting of the P.S.C. it was RESOLVED: requested to communicate to the Chair- (3) That as soon as the General As- man of the G. F. C. M. the pleasure and sembly of the UNESCO has given approv- good wishes of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries d to a financial contribution for this sym- Council on learning of the inception of the posium, the Executive Committee of the General Fisheries Council for the Mediter- I. P. F. C. should contact the P. S. C. Or- ranean under the aegis of the Food and ganizing Committee regarding the man- Agriculture Organization of the United ner in which I. P. F. C. interests might be Nations. given particular attention in its subject Although the Council presumed that continu- matter. ing liaison between the I.P.F.C. and the General (D) Food and Ayricztltzwe Organization: The Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean will be Director, Fisheries Division, FAO, informed the effected through F.A.O., the Council, feeling that Council of the Organization's wish to avail itself a more direct liaison would be'desirable, request- of the expert advice of the Council in its consid- ed the Executive Committee to develop direct con- eration of food and agriculture problems of the tact with the Executive Committee of its sister region at its Pre-Conference Meetings. He said organization and that no opportunity be lost to that the Osganization proposed to issue an invitation to the Council to be represented at the split into three panels to consider matters Neeting for Asia and the Far East to be con- falling into the following groups: vened in 1953. It was therefore RESOLYED:. A) Physico-Chemical Aquatic (4) That the Council authorizes the Environment Executive Committee to represent it at such Pre-Conference or other Meetings as B) Biotic-Aquatic Environment may be convened by the Food and Agricul- C) General Fisheries Biology ture Organization and at which the repre It was stressed that this procedure to be sentation of the Council is invited and that adopted at Meetings would not affect the working of the different Sub-Committees between such authority shall include the faculty of Meetings. the Executive Committee to nominate a suitable delegate or delegates to the said Item 11.-Council Correspondents: The Council assumed, in the absence of directions from Mem- Meetings. ber Governments to the contrary, that the nomi- (E) F.A.O. Interim Committee on Fish Hand- nations of Administrative and Bibliographic Cor- ling and Processing: The Council, having been respondents were of a permanent nature and did apprised of the establishment of an Interim Com- not require ratification from year to year. Mem- mittee on Fish Handling and Processing serviced ber Governments were urged, when present cor- by the Technology Branch of the Organization's respondents are transferred or for other reasons Fisheries Division and the desire of the Interim are unable to continue to act in this capacity, to Committee to establish contact with persons ac- name suitable replacements. Changes in nomi- tively engaged in work in its field, and being nations of Council Correspondents were commu- convinced that such a contact would be mutually nicated by the delegates for Cambodia, Korea and beneficial to the Organization and to the Council, Japan. RESOLVED: Ztem 12.-Next Council Meeting: Mr. Boon In- (5) That the Rapporteur of the Coun- dramb,arya stated that the Government of Thai- cil's Sub-Committee on Food Technology land would be happy if the Council's Fifth Meet- ing were held in Bangkok. The Council there- be assigned as the Council's liaison with upon RESOLVED: the FA0 Interim Committee on Fish Handling and Processing and that the That the Council's thanks be conveyed Secretariat be kept informed as to the to the Government of Thailand for its gra- progress of such liaison. cious invitation to hold the Council's Fifth Meeting in Bangkok and that, in accord- Item 10.-Nomination of Technical Committees ance with the indications given by the and Working Goups: Delegates upon being can- delegate of Thailand, the time of the Fifth vassed by the Chairman nominated the persons Meeting be January, 1954. to serve on the Council's Technical Committees I and I1 during the coming year. These Commit- Ztem 13.--Reports of Committees : The reports tees in turn nominated the members of their of Technical Committees I and I1 were received respective Sub-Committees. Lists of persons for the period 1951-52 with a record of thanks serving on Technical Committees and Sub-Com- to the Committees and Sub-Committees for their mittees are given elsewhere in the Proceedings. work on these reports and were then referred to Working groups were appointed for the duration the new Technical Committees for study. The of the Meeting to consider several problems. Technical Committees for 1952-54 used these reports as bases for the preparation of the reports The CounciI agreed that the holding of sep which are referred to under Items 24 and 25. arate sessions at the Meetings of all the numerous Sub-Committees of Technical Committee I tended Item 14.-Review of Programmes: Cognizance to hold up the Council's business owing to the was taken of the fact that the preparation of a fact that some persons served on more than one Register of Institutions, Projects, Vessels and Sub-Committee. It was therefore RESOLVED: Persnnnel of the region represented a laborious and time-consuming task for Member Govern- That for the conduct of the Council's ments of the Council and for the Secretariat. It meetings Technical Committee I should was further recognized that most Member Gov- ernments had insufficient personnel to assign to (iv) That a Register of Projects be pre- the compilation of information on this topic. It pared following the completion of the Reg- was noted that the usefulness of a Register of ister of ~nstitutions'b~the same arrange- each of the four topics namely Institutions, Pro- jects, Vessels and Personnel had been questioned ments ; in view of the time and labor consumed. Also (v) That the preparation of a Register there was evidence that Member Governments de- of Vessels be held in abeyance until some sired that requests for this type of information should be confined to simplified questionnaires and time when the Council may decide to pro-, that Governments would furnish information on ceed with or drop plans for this Register. only the more important Institutions, Projects, Alternatively, that since the number of re- Vessels and Personnel. Such selection of infor- search vessels is relatively small, the mation would, therefore, not comprise a complete Council might collaborate with the Fish- coverage of all the units in the four categories, but it was considered that the principal work in eries Division in the preparation of a sin- fisheries would in any case be conducted or coor- gle consolidated World Register to be pub- dinated by the principal units from which in- lished in Rome ; formation is furnished. (vi) That plans for a Register of Per- It was noted that the Fisheries Division, FAO, sonnel be dropped. was planning two Registers, one on Institutions and another on Personnel, and that plans were Ztem 15.-Annual Report to B.A.O. :The Coun- indefinite for Registers on Projects and Vessels. cil considered a proposal from the Executive Com- A simplified questionnaire with appropriate, brief mittee on the content of the Annual Report to the but concise explanation had been prepared by the Organization and the method of its presentation. Fisheries Division to obtain information for these In adopting the Committee's suggestion, the Registers (Institutions and Personnel). This Council questionnaire consisted of eleven (11) items on (1) RESOLVED:That the reports to the which a minimum of information is requested. Organization should be prepared byi the Much of this information was believed to be read- Secretariat and forwarded to the Organi- ily available, not requiring extensive work on the by Executive part of the contributor. The Fisheries Division zation after approval the was engaged on a register for Europe, Middle Committee. East and Africa. A preliminary institutions reg- The Council received a working paper describ- ister had been issued for the Americas. ing the status of fishing industries of the region The Council therefore RESOLVED: and, whilst recording its wish that in the future such working papers should be circulated by the (i) That a Register of Institutions of Executive Committee at least one month before the Indo-Pacific region be prepared on the the Council meeting, basis of material available in the Secre- (2) RESOLVED:That this report be tariat office, Bangkok, supplemented by adopted subject to such minor changes and such additional material which may be additions as might be requested by dele- deemed necessary, and made available on gations ; request of Member Governments con- (3) And RESOLVED: That the Executive cerned ; Committee be authorized to expand this (ii) That the questionnaire developed report as adopted by the Council, in con- by the Fisheries Division, Rome, be used formity with any additional information for the above purpose; which the Secretariat may receive, and to include this material in the repo1.t to the (iii) That the Fisheries Division, FAO, Pre-Conference Meeting as presented to be requested to assist in the development, the Organization. publication and keeping up-to-date of the Ztem 16.-Bibli~oy~nphic Wo~li:The Council re- Register on Institutions for the Indo- ceived a yeport from the Executive Committee Pacific region ; on the bibliographic work which had been done. Iteln 17.-Publications: The Council received a book of field procedures which map make report from the Executive Committee in regard available immediately some of the mater- to the publications work which had been accom- ial expected to be included in the other plished. The Council directed its attention to the project for the publication of a series of hand- handbooks and to seek such assistance books and recognized the urgent need and poten- from F.A.O. as may be available. tial value thereof in bringing about the stand- ' (c) That the handbooks be given the ardization of techniques within the area. The principal utility of the handbooks was considered following priority : to be for use by fishery inspection officers and Fish Culture junior assistants without university training and vice versa, by those with university training but Food Technology. with little field expel-ience. They should also be Administration and Development of great value to administrators in designing fish- Fishery Statistics eries programmes. It seemed unlikely, however, that all these needs could be satisfied ,with a sin- Gear Classification gle volume and if a choice had to be made it Food Processing was probably better to write the handbooks prim- Fishery Biology arily for use by administrators and junior Marine Biology and Limnology scientific officers, since assistants and inspection officers might have those small parts applicable General Introduction to Fishery to their work extracted for them by their re- Science spective administrative superiors. The Council felt that it was most important (d) That the availability of an author that an editor be carefully selected for each hand- or editor should determine the actual or- book before any large scale accumulation of data der of the preparation of the handbooks. was attempted and before a complete prospectus In connection with the proposed handbook on was decided upon since the editor should clear- Food Technology, the Council believes that it ly have a considerable voice in the contents of the would serve a useful purpose if it were designed handbook and the compilation and preparation of for use as a guide for governmental fisheries ad- the material. ministrators and as a reference for students of The Council recognized the immediate need, by fisheries vocational schools. many workers in the area, for exchange of information on and standardization of field pro- The matters to be considered in the handbook cedures. This might be accomplished by a hand- can be treated only in general terms since the book which would include field survey methods size limitation of a handbook precludes the use applying to gear classification, food technology, of comprehensive descriptions of the problems in fish culture, fishery statistics and field and labor- food technology. The Council considers that the atory practices applicable to hydrology and fish- proposed prospectus requires revision in order ery biology. The Council, being of the opinion to serve the purpose suggested in this report and that this task might be undertaken immediately therefore adopted a new prospectus. by the Secretariat using as a guide the field rna- (1) The Council theref ore RESOLVED: nual now in use by the Pacific Ocean Fishery In- vestigations of the United States of America, (a) To adopt the prospectus attached therefore hereto (Appendix 5). ( 1) RESOLVED: (b) That the Prospectus be used as a (a) That technical editors for the basis for a questionnaire to be sent to handbooks be found as soon as possible Member Governments in order to obtain and large scaie collection of data and de- sufficient information to prepare the tailed consideration of prospectuses be handbook. postponed until such editors are availa- (c) That Member Governments be re- ble ; quested to direct the information in reply (b) That the Secretariat be requested to the questionnaire to the Secretariat for to proceed with the preparation of a hand- forwarding to the Executive Committee. (d) That the Ekecutive Committee in- (b) That the information be received vite competent workers to prepare the by the Secretariat and forwarded to the handbook based on the information sup- Executive ~ommittee. plied by the Member Governments. (c) That the Executive Committee in- (e) That Fishery Division, Rome, be vite competent workers to prepare the requested to assist in the development of handbook based on the information sup- the handbook on food technology. plied by Member Governments. The Council considers that the publication of (d) That copies of the information be a handbook containing descriptions of proces- supplied to M. Lafont so that he can com- sing employed in and suitable for the Indo-Pacific region would be extremely useful to the Member plete the work of preparing a classifica- ~overnments. tion scheme for consideration of the Coun- At its Third Meeting the Council recognized cil. the importance of such a publication and recom- Item 18F2nts: The Council received from mended that a classification of fish processing be the Fisheries Division of the Organization an an- devised and submitted at the Fourth Meeting. notated and indexed list of documentary films reA M. Lafont of the Fisheries Research Institute, lating to fisheries and Phnom-Penh, was invited to devise the classification scheme. Inasmuch as only two member RESOLVED: That the Fisheries Division governments submitted information to M. Lafont of the Organization be informed of the he was unable to complete the work. The Coun- cil felt that the reason for the delay on the part Council's keen appreciation of this ex- of other Member Governments in submitting the tremely useful list. material to M. Lafont for classification was that Ztcm 19.-Technical Znstlzcction Projects: they did not have the information available in The Council, having reviewed the working pa- published form. Accordingly it will probably be per on the subject of technical instruction cen- necessary for staff members of fisheries depart- tres reporting on the fish-culture seminar at Bo- ments of Member Governments to investigate the gor and the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Statistics processing methods in use and write descriptive Training Centre at Bangkok and dealing with statements. While it is recognized that this may proposed other training centres within the region, be rather laborious it is necessary that this work regretted to learn that the proposed centre for should be completed if the classification scheme the technical instruction for master-fishermen at begun by M. Lafont is to be wrried through. Singapore had to be abandoned owing to the fact It was resolved also at the Third Meeting that that the Singapore Government was unable, for a handbook describing processing, equipment, me- the time being, to undertake responsibility as host thods, and procedures employed in and suitable Government. for the Indo-Pacific region should be prepared: The material required for the preparation of the (1) The Council RESOLVEDthat it was handbook will necessarily be more comprehensive of th,e opinion that other ways should be than that required for a classification . found to continue the program in respect (3) The Council therefore RESOLVED: of instruction for fishing operators. (a) That Member Governments be re- The Council noted that the second fish culture quested to submit through administrative seminar at Bogor had a success and correspondents concise but complete des- (2) RESOLVEDto recommend to the Or- criptions of essential features of process- ganization that steps should be taken ing methods in use in the Indo-Pacific to find out whether there would be region, for their respective countries. sufficient applicants to warrant the hold- These should include descriptions of raw ing of a further session of this seminar, material, equipment, processing proced- preferably not before 1954. ures, and of the finished product. The The Council also noted that the Indo-Pacific material should be submitted at as early Fisheries Statistics Training Centre at Bangkok a date as possible. was a success. (3) The Council RESOLVEDthat an ex- technology which has been proposed to be pression of appreciation and congratula- located in the Philippines and at the same tions be extended to the organizers and time suggests that consideration be given teaching group which conducted the Fish- to the advantages of combining this cen- eries Statistics Training Centre held at tre with the proposed school for leading Bangkok in 1952. fishermen. Tlie Council noted that information and in- The Council's view on this matter was that struction obtained by attendance of that school the gear technologists, being better educated than \%-asalready being applied to the development and fishermen could probably act as interpreters, and improvement of Fisheries Statistical Services in that the fishermen's school would furnish much Member Governments. demonstration equipment for the gear technologists and thus permit more effective instruction, (4) The Council RESOLVEDto recommend prcbably with economy. to the organization that a Fisheries Sta- tistics Training Centre be continued in (7) The Council RESOLVEDto recom- 1953 for instruction in the field collection mend that the Organization be requested of fisheries statistics, which was the basic to explore the possibility of establishing idea of the courses given in 1952, and ad- a technical instruction centre in fish mar- vanced courses in the field of compilation keting at Hangkong or such other place and presentation of fisheries statistics be as may be considered suitable. organized and presented possibly in 1953, (8) And RESOLVEDto request the execu- and that the statistical handbook for fish- tive committee to continue its efforts ery workers be completed and published along the lines of its activities during the subject to budget considerations and made past few years, in promoting the develop- available for reference especially for the ment of these centres. use of the students of statistical training centres. The Council also recorded its thanks for the announcement made on behalf of the Government (5) The Council RESOLVEDto record its of Japan that it would be glad to be host to tech- hope that the plans for a Technical Ins- nical instruction centres promoted by the Coun- truction Centre for Fisheries Administra- cil. tors in India would be brought to fruition Item 20.Subject for Fifth Meeting Symposia :. in the near future. (1) RESOLVED: T h a t Planktonology Discussion took place as to whether separate should form the subject of the symposium centres should be conducted specializing in Fresh Water and Marine fisheries administration res- with the emphasis on the ecology of the pectively, the view of the Delegate for India be- Plankton, its role in productivity and the ing that it was preferable to hold one centre only, use of planktonological results in connec- since many of the purely administrative problems tion with fisheries development and that were common to bath fields and that administrators who wou!d be called upon to carry on a the Secretariat be instructed to communi- combined administration would not be able to pro- cate with UNESCO with the object of fit from both courses. combining the UNESCO project for a re- An respect of the proposed technical instruction gional symposium on this subject with the centre in the Philippines for administrators con- ConnciI's own arrangements, especially to cerned with gear technology the Council secure, if possible, UNESCO financial as- (6) RESOLVEDto recommend to the Or- sistance for travel to the meeting of ganization the desirability of developing at Planktonological workers of the region, an early date the training centre for fish- who without such aid would be unable to ery administrators concerned with gear attend the meeting. (2) It was further RESOLVED:That (i) The establishment of a complete and re- fisheries marketing and financing should liable register of the institutions, vessels, and be a second symposium subject at the projects concerned ' with oceanography within the region; fifth meeting. (ii) The establishment of a file of all ocean- Item 21.-Regwnalization: The subject of Re- ographic data collected in the area and its sub- gionalization having been included on the Agenda -sequent reduction to a form in which it could undel; a directive from the Third Meeting, this be published and made available to workers of matter was discussed at length in the light of the area by whom it could be used in their own considerable information received regarding the programmes ; functioning of regional committees in other Coun- (iii) The establishment of a special docu- cils- and the Council RESOLVED: .mentation and bibliographic service in ocean- That no formal organization of the ography for the region; IPFC into regional groupings should be (iv) The establishment of a consultative service to be made use of by Member Governments contemplated at present. in the planning and execution of their ocean- The Council felt furthermore that the success ographic programmes and in the interpreta- of the Hilsa Meeting in Calcutta, 4-7th Septem- tion of oceanographic results for the purpose ber, 1952, irlustrated how opportunities should be of making these available to industry; seized to arrange subject meetings within a re- (v) The establishment of @ service to pro- gion and that the Secretariat be requested to promote the local manufacture of oceanographic mote such meetings in the future whenever pos- equipment ; sible. (vi) The provision of training opportunities Item 22.-High Seas Fishing: The Council in oceanogrphy ; gave consideration to the general question of (vii) The establishment of arrangements. oceanic fisheries and felt that the work of the whereby the national programmes will be co- Tuna Sub-committee had covered this subject as ordinated and methods and equipment will be standardized. fully as could be done at this stage. It recorded its intention, however, to create additional Sub- e. UNESCO has a role in the development of Committees to deal with other important demer- fundamental knowledge concerned in oceanogra- sal and pelagic groups of oceanic species at a phy and FA0 has an interest in the application later date, as might be necessary. of this fundamental knowledge to particular fisheries situations. Item 23.-P~oposed Indo-Pacific Oceanograplzic The Council therefore RESOLVEDthat: Institute: The Council studied this project ex- haustively and arrived at the conclusions reported (a) A copy of the Committee's report in Appendix 6. Accordingly, the Council con- on Oceanography be transmitted to the sidered the following points: Director General of FA0 with this reso- a. Oceanographic studies when intimately as- lution with a request that he transmit it sociated with biological and technological studies to the director of TJNESCO as a contribu- on fisheries are essential to the full economic tion to the discussion of the UNESCO utilization of Marine Fishery Resources; programme for 1953-54 on natural b. Nearly all other countries of the area have sciences at the forthcoming Seventh Ses- ~ecognizedthe need of oceanographic studies and sion of UNESCO. are making such studies, but in most instances, Lhe programmes are so small as to be of doubtful (b) The Executive Committee be re- b%nefit in the immediate production of food; quested to consult the Director General of c. It is desirable for the countries to strengthen FA0 on the implementation of the services the oceanographic programmes and to better cor- listed above, having 1-ecourse, if necessary lselate them with the needs of the fisheries; and possible, to technical assistance funds d. These National Programmes may best be as- for this purpose, and to assist the Director sisted by international ~orkof the foilowing Ccnwal and the Secretariat in the Devel- kinds : opment of such work as far as possible. (c) Technical committee I be requested to incorporate all the salinity and temperature to undertake meanwhile, with the assist- data collected m this region into his standard ance of the Secretariat, further examina- monthly charts. The Secretariat should also, if necessary, afford him assistance in the publica- tio~of the needs for International Ocean- tion of such charts for IPFC distribution. ographic projects : It was also thought that, whenever possible, j i) by direct collaboration between na- analytical methods for the determination of sa- tional institutions, linty shou!d be patterned ujrsn the recommendations given in Technical Cmmittee's Report for (ii) by the creation of an international 1951-1952, Appendix I. institution, It was reiterated that the conduct of estuarine (iii) by the appointment of highly qua- and neritic hydrological investigations was desir- lified specialist personnel attached to the able and the Council noted with interest the con- Secretariat. tinuation of such studies in the Straits of Malac- And that it report on the result of the ca, Singapore, It was found extremely difficult and inconve- study a.t the next meeting of the Council. nient in spite of discussions with delegations to (d) Copies of the Committee's report obtain a fully documented account of the hydro- on Oceanography and this resolution be logical programmes of all member countries. transmitted to Member Governments, for The Council therefore RESOLVED: information and further study of this pro- That the Secretariat be directed to col- blem. laborate with Mr. P. Ch. Veen along the (e) The Secretariat maintain the clos- lines described above and that the atten- e'st possible liaison, in this work, with tion of Member Governments be drawn to IJNESCO, whose assistance should be the recommendations in connection with sought in promoting the conduct of funda- analytical methods for the determination mental research in physical and biological of salinity given in the report of Technical Oceanography within the region, and in Committee I; that the attention of Mem- encouraging universities and other educa- ber Governments be drawn to the desira- tional institutions to expand and develop bility of conducting estuarine and neritic their curricula to provide basic education hydrological investigations and, finally, for those who might intend to make a that Member Countries be requested to caieer of Oceanography . furnish papers for the next meeting of the Item 24.-Technical Committee I. Council giving full details of their hydrol- Item 24.1.-Hydrology : The Council believed ological programmes, including, wherever that the collection of surface temperature and possible, descriptions of analytical proced- salinity data should be accelerated in the centraI ures and equipment. region of the Indo-Pacific area. Since Mr. P. Ch. Item 24.2-Planktono2ogy: Because few plank- Veen of Indonesia is carrying out this type of ton workers were present at the Meeting, the work at the present time, it was felt that his Council was unable to develop work on this assistance would facilitate and simplify the work. subject. Plankton workers in the area are re- It therefore agreed to instruct the Secretariat to ferred to the papers presented at the Meeting. request the Indonesian Government to allow Mr. The Council hopes that the choice of planktonol- Veen to accept responsibility for making a sur- ogy as subject matter for a Symposium at the vey of the existing oceanographic stations with- Fifth Meeting will ensure a more representative in the central region ,which possess the necessary gathering of plankton specialists of the Indo-Pa- facilities for the analysis of water samples. On cific area. The Council RESOLVED: the basis of the results of such a survey Mr. Veen should contact shipping lines in the area That the raporteurs, Dr. K. F. Vaas who would be willing ,and able to undertake the (fresh water) and Mr. R. S. Esquerra collection of temperature and salinity data in (marine) be requested to continue corres- the central region, and Mr. Veen should be asked pondence with Plankton Workers of the region and that every effort be made to The Council noted that there remained a need present at the next Council meeting a re- for morphomet~icdata from the Indian and At- port on (a) standardization of methods of lantic Oceans, and 'RESOLVED: Plankton collection, etc., (b) the types of (3) That Member Countries which ad- planktonological programmes suitable for join the Indian Ocean especially Indone- the region. sia, Ceylon, United Kingdom and France make an effort to obtain the necessary Item 24.3.-Biology. data for completing the study on the prin- GENERAL BIOLOGY: In discussion of work in cipal species, general biology, the opinion was expressed that The Council considered that the next most ur- the scope of work assigned to the Committee was gent problem requiring international cooperation too wide and that a clearer formulation of its was the s~lmmarizingand exchange of infoma- problems would be necessary. The Council there- tion on the ecology of tna, i.e., the occurrence fore RESOLVED: of tuna in relation to water temperature,'salinity, (1)That methodological problems currents, other species of fish, etc. should be handled by a separate Working The Council therefore RESOLVED: Group and that problems relating to shell (4) That Member Governments be re- fisheries (Mollusca and Crustacea) and to quested to provide the Secretariat for minor fisheries such as sponges, beche-de- transmission to the rapporteur of the Tu- mer, turtles and commercial corals should na Sub-committee data or summaries of be the topics dealt with by the committee such data concerning the ecology of Tuna as opportunity and necessity arose and prior to the next meeting of the Council. that every year one of the above indicated It was further R~OLVED: fisheries should be taken for study and (5) That the Council recognizes the that the Secretariat should request Mem- need for standardization of observations ber Goveilvnents to present at the next of the biology of Tunas and directs that Council meeting technical papers dealing instructions for such standardization shall with the Prawn (Shrimp) fiisheries in be included in a handbook of field proced- their various aspects. ures. CHANOS: The Council examined the problems SEAWEWS:The Council reviewed its work in of Chanos chanos referred to in a letter received connection with seaweeds, as reported in Appen- from the Fisheries Division of the Organization dix 8 and RESOJXED: and adopted a report which is presented as Ap- (6) That Mr. Zaveneld be requested to pendix 7, and the Council RESOLI~J: undertake a revision of his paper "The (2) That the attention of Member Gov- Economic Marine Algae of Malaysia and ernments should be drawn to the necessity Their Application" with a view to its re- for the exchange of all information relat- publication in consolidated form, and that ing to the cultivation and biology of Cha- Member Governments be requested to di- nos chanos, including information con- rect their Seaweed Research Workers to tained in unpublished government reports. collaborate with Mr. Zaneveld in this TUNA:The Council noted that the collection of work, especially in the compilation of ver- data for the major racial studies of yellowfin, nacular names of seaweeds, and that upon bigeye, albacore, and skipjack had been satisfac- completion of the revision the paper shall torily accomplished for the Pacific Ocean area. be reprinted. Publication of the results are under way with a and the Council RESOLVED: preliminary report on yello~~finavailable at the present meeting and expanded reports on yellow- (7) That Member Governments be re- fin and the other three species expected from the quested to furnish the Secretariat with in- United States. formation on methods of seaweed resources survey employed in their coun- Beaufort, regardless of later changes and syno- tries; that the Fisheries Division of FA0 nomy, and that a standard list of English names to be used in the whole region should be prepared be requested to direct similar enquiries to at the same time. countries outside the region, and that the The Council considered the Executive Commit- results of these enquiries be made availa- tee" proposal for the preparation of a handbook ble to Member Governments and that if on the 15 most important groups of fishes in the further development of such survey tech- region and in view of the enthusiastic reply from niques seem necessary the Sub-Committee many workers within the region RESOLVED: for seaweeds be authorized to examine the (10) To request the executive commit- means whereby experimental work for tee to take action for the preparation of this purpose might be undertaken . such a special handbook. PELAGIC NERITIC FISHERIES: The Council re- The Council, having considered the great lack viewed its work in connection with pelagic-neritic of trained taxonomists in the region (ichtyol- fisheries, as reported in Appendix 9, and RE- ogists, carcinologists, conchologists and algol-. SOLVEJJ : ogists) RESOLVED: (8) That in view of the importance of (11)That Executive Committee be ask- the Pelagic Neritic Fisheries of the region, ed to take up contact with UNESCO to efforts should be exerted to establish a ascertain whether scholarships could be complete picture of the biology of the made available for promising young men stocks on which these fisheries operate, in this region to be sent overseas to get and that the Secretariat should issue the adequate training at well known museums questionnaires prepared at this meeting. of institutions. And that the problem of methodology of FISH CULTURE:The Council noted that the investigation of these fisheries should re- Fish-Culture Sub-Committee was not in a posi- ceive close attention and be given special tion as yet to present a handbook on vegetation control due to lack of basic information. It was consideration at the Council's Fifth Meet- apparent that very little work if any had been ing, when the replies to the questionaires done in this field although it might be a problem will be presented in consolidated form. common to the countries within the area. Further, the Council RESOLVED: The Council having reviewed the recent publication of a paper on the control of noxious weeds, (9) To recommend to the attention of particularly water hyacinths (Eiehornia cros- Member Governments the importance of sipes) by K. F. Vaas in Indonesia, hoped that the Pelagic Neritic Fisheries, and to re- copies of this paper, if not already available, should be obtained as a contributed publication cord its belief that certain Member Gov- of the Council. ernments might find it desirable to solicit The Council was aware of the extensive work technical assistance in the conduct of tech- on herbicides for the control of noxious weeds nical investigations of the distribution of which had heen and was still being undertaken these stocks, especially of Surdinella long- in some countries, particularly the United States, iceps, particularly taking into account that and RESOLVED: in some years focal fisheries of that spe- (12) To request that the United States cies fail. furnish the council with a bibliography of TAXONOMY:The Council considered it highly the publications available. desirable that field keys of common groups of The Council was anxious to have a review made species should be prepared by competent workers of the replies to date on the questionnaire regard- for the use of field officers not trained in biology. ing pollution. It therefore RESOLVED: The Council felt that these keys should refer to a common standard using one kind of nomencla- (13) That the Secretariat contact those ture, preferably the one used by Weber and tie countries which to date have furnished no replies and that, on. the basis of all such (16) That a copy of the paper 'relating material, a summary of this information to as International Fishery Fry Exchange be prepared by the Sub-Committee for re- be circulated to ember Countries for con- presentation at the next IPFC meeting. sideration with a request that full and In the field of fish culture the Council also sympathetic consideration be given to the considered the problem of determination of the recommendations contained therein. quality and quantity of fish food organisms in The data ao far obtained in the table Appen- the different types of waters with reference to ded to the Technical Committee report are their physico-chemical conditions and the varia- encouraging, although incomplete, and the Coun- tions thereof, and noted that studies on fish food cil reiterates its desire to obtain information from organisms had been and were still being con- those Member Governments-Burma, Korea, ducted within the area but there seemed to be Dutch New Guinea and Vietnam, which have not no standardized methodology for such studies as yet. submitted their reports, and from other specially to answer specifically the needs in fish countries whose data have yet to be completed culture work. Such standard method of work and brought up-to-date. should be formulated and an attempt should be made to determine the relationship between the It therefose RESOLVED: abundance of fish food organisms and produc- (17) That the IPFC Secretariat be au- tivity. thorized to circulate a tabular request for The rich store of information from different information, similar to that in the table of member countries now available should be assemd the Committee's report, for completion of bled and analyzed. The delegation from Japan called the Council's attention to a recent work the governments concerned. entitled "Distribution of Plankton and Benthos In the event of the lack of data or the diffi- in Lake Sagami, a Reservoir", by K. Kuronuma culty of obtaining the same from the fisheries and Y. Shiraishi, Fisheries Agency, Japanese department of each country concerned, Government, 1952, which has an important bearing on th'e ;subject. The Council RESOLVED: The Council also considered the problem of (18) That the Secretariat be authoriz- studying fish associations and the determination ed to circulate National Survey entities of the optimum densities of compatible combina- through administrative correspondents, tions of different age-groups for stocking operations. There are only very few studies made on and to seek the help of the Bureau of Flood fish associations and optimum densities for stock- Control in ECAFE in gathering such in- ing operations, which need to be assembled to formation. determine the extent of work unfinished in this HILSA: Considering the great economic import- field. ance of Hilsa to Busma, Pakistan and India it The Council RESOLVED: was resolved at the Madras meeting of the Coun- (14) To request Member Governments cil in 1952 to form a Sub-Committee on Hilsa consisting of Dr. Hosa (India), Dr. Nazir Ahinad to work being undertaken or pro- (Pakistan) and a representative from Burma. posed work to be undertaken on this pro- ~atera meeting of this Sub-Committee was held blem. at Calcutta in September 1952 which was also The Council, being aware of the work along attended by Dr. M. R. Qureshi (Pakistan) as ob- this line of Mr. S. Y. Lin in Hongkong ,and the sesver, an officer of the Embassy of USA. in New Territories of China before his assignment Burma as an unofficial observer and Dr. Cecil in the Fisheries Division, FAO, RESOLVED: Miles, Secretary, IPFC. The proceedings are contained in the report of the Sub-Committee. (15) To sequest Ms. Lin to prepare a This meeting has achieved good progress in co- summary of this paper and of such other ordinating the study of Hilsa and the Committee works along this line within the area. urges that additional meetings be held as often After examination of the working papers re- as practicable. lating to international aspects of the supply of However the Council felt that the study now fish fry, the Comcii RESOLVED: should be redirected to obtain adequate bowl- edge of the fish populations. Fundamental to Trade Statistics in the Indo-Pacific region are this are accurate data on the total catch from ~ncludedin a report on World Trade being pre- each population unit. pared by the Fisheries Division of the Organiza- tion. - This report includes statistics giving quan- (19) Therefore the Council ~ESO~JVED tity and value of various types of fisheries prod- that the Governments of India, Paklstan ucts by countries of origin (in imports satistics) and Burma be recommended to develop and destination (in export statistics). Published infoimation on this subject for 1938 and the pe- programmes for the collection of accurate riod 1947 to 1951 will be available in the FA0 catch statistics from each unit of the IIilsa Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics 1950-51 to be populations. published by January, 1953. Copies of this re- It is understood that Buima may not be in a port will autonlatically be sent to Member Gov- position to commence work at present but India ernments of the Council. and Pakistan will be in a position to initiate at In view of the above information, least part of the programmes. The Council rec- (2) The Council RESOLVED: ognizes the difficulty of this task when tke fisheiy is conducted by many thousands of small fishing That the same Working Committee units but suggests that suitable sampling tech- named at the Third meeting, consisting of niques be adopted. Mr. Lafont, Mr. Ranganathan, and a representative of the 'United Kingdom con- (20) The Council further recommended tinue to be available for consultation that the Member Governments concerned with the Secretariat in determining whe- be invited to consider the proposal for the ther the work of the Fisheries Division establishment of a small regional unit at should be directed to other aspects of In- which the research work on this species ternational Trade thus meeting the re- might be planned and results compiled and quirements of tEe members of the Indo- to discuss with F.A.O. the ways in which Pacific region, technical and other assistance might be made available to the Member Govern- Item 25.1.-Gear Technology: The Council, ments for the staffing and operation of having reviewed the papers and reports submitted in connection with this subject, considered such a unit. that the work on a Catalogue of fishing gear with a simplified key should be continued. In expec- Item 25.-Technical Committee I1 tation that Mr. T. W. Burdon will not be able GENERAL:Having considered the problems of ta continue his work on this project, the seaweed industry of the region, from technological viewpoints, (1) The Council RESOLVEDthat Mr. Tran Van Tri and Mr. Umali be requested (1) The council RESOLVED: to collaborate in continuing the work on (a) That the Sub-Committee for Food classification of gear especially in testing Technology and Statistics be requested to the application of the kq developed by give attention to the seaweed industries in Mr. Burdon. the course of their work; Messrs. Tran Van Tri, Bottemanne, Kuro- (b) That the Governments of Japan numa and Uinali hwe agreed to form a $working group to examine the possibility of revising and and Korea be requested to furnish infor- simplifying the method of classification developed mation on seaweed as requested at the Ma- by Mr. Burdon. In this connection, Mr. Kuro- dras meeting ar,d that the Scottish Sea- numa offered his assistance in making available weed Research Association be asked to to the working group through the Secretariat furnish information. English translations of material in Japanese on method of classifying and describing fishing gear. In connection with technical aspects of fish The suggestion was made that material relating trade in the region concerning which resolutions 20 this subject should not be confined to published were adopted at the third meeting, the Council matter, but should include any form of informa- noted that abstracts of International Fisheries tion which contributors have ready and available. (2) The Council RESOLVEDthat plans able sometime in the near future should largely for a catalogue of fishing boats be drop- meet the need for which the handbook was proposed; (b) information on methods of fisheries ped, but that a brief description of fishing survey classification contained in contributed pub- boats in use for particular types of fishing lication No. 2 "An Introduction to the Fisheries gear be included in the classification of Survey of the Colony of Singapore, with a Con- gear. sideration of the Methodology Employed" by Dr. G. L. Kesteven and Mr. T. W. Burdon gives guid- This appears logical because development and ance in such work; (c) of the need for informa- improvement of fishing gear involves in most tion on the operations of high seas fisheries. cases the use of special types of boats. Item %.%-Food Technology: The Council's (3) The Council RESOLVEDto record its work in this subject relates chiefly to the project appreciation of the work done by Dr. C. for preparation of handbooks in respect of which A. Gibson-Hill in preparing his paper on resolutions were adopted (see Item I?'), and to "A Proposed System For Cataloguing the technical instruction (see Item 19). Bqats Used in the Fishing Industries of Item 25.3 .-Socw-Economics: Upon full consid- South and East Asia". eration of its previous recommendations, of papers submitted at this Meeting, and of supple- (4) The Council RESOLVEDto request mentary statements from the delegates about con- Member Governments once more, to fur- ditions in their countries, the Council recognized nish information on preservation of fish- the need for priorities and ing gear. (1) RESOLVEDthat its effort in the So- It is noted there was little or no response to cio-Economic field during the next year or the last request for this information. so should be concentrated on the improve- (5) The Council RESOLVEDto direct the ment of marketing. Secretariat to take appropriate action to It believed that the initial effort should be to contact FA0 and other sources of tech- improve marketing by group formation (including cooperatives) #with credit functions to be. ini- nical assistance as to the availability of tiated, finatxed and supervised by the Govern- the services of fisheries engineers to assist ment; provision to be made for gradual within improving fishing gear and methods in- drawal of Government from these activities as including the mechanization of boats to ef- dustry den:onstrated its ability to assume full fect increases in fisheries production in the responsibility for this undertaking. Indo-Pacific region, and to forward such The Council considered that the services of a marketing specialist are necessary for this type information to Member Governments. of development, and This section contemplates close cooperation between IPFC and Technical Assistance Agencies (2) RESOLVEDthat appropriate action which are engaged in procuring fishing gear and should be taken by the Secretariat to con- fisheries technicians for the development of the tact the appropriate units in FA0 or other fisheries of several Member Governments of this bodies to determine whether a marketing Council. specialist could be provided from such (6) The Council RESOLVEDto thank Mr. sources. Chidarnbaram for his report, "The Exper- Item 25.4.-Statistics : After reviewing the re- imental Introduction of Powered Fishing port of the statistics working group for 1951-52, Vessels within India and Ceylon." togcther with the report on the Indo-Pacific Fish- eries Statistics Training Centre, and other ma- (7) The Council RESOLVEDthat plans terial made available by the Secretariat and con- for a handbook on Gear Technology should sidering the importance of statistics in Fisheries be postponed. Services, the Council adopted a resolution con- This decision was deemed appropriate because cerning technical instruction relating to fisheries (a) the expected classification of gear to be avail- statistics (see Item 19). The Council further called special attention of The Council therefore RESOLVESto ex- Member Governments to Contributed Bulletin tend its sincere thanks for the true *'An Introduction to the Fisheries Survey of the courtesy and traditional hospitality ex- Colony of Singapore, with a Conaideration of the tended to the Council in general, and to &fethodology Employed," as an example of useful the representatives of Member Govern- information in the development and improvement of Fisheries Statistics Services and in the plan- ments in particular by the Mayor, Coun- ning and conduct of Fisheries Surveys. cil and citizens of Quezon City and expresses its appreciation of the friend- Item d6.--Inter-Committee ~70rkingGroups : ship and international cooperation ex- NO permanent Inter-Committee Working Groups tended to it at all times; were constituted. And RESOLVESmoreover that this reso- Item 27.-Other Business: lution be included in the permanent re- (1) The Delegate for Cambodia proposed and cords of the Council and that it be com- the Delegate for Indonesia seconded : municated to the Council and citizens of (1) That the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Quezon City through His Honor the Ma- Council expresses its sincere thanks to his yor, Ignacio Santos Diaz. excellency the President of the Republic of the Philippines and to his Government for (3) The Delegate for India moved and the Delegate for Pakistan seconded a vote of thanks the kind hospitality and for the many fa- to the President and Officials of the University cilities extended to the council and to the of the Philippines for courtesies extended and for delegates of Member Governments of the the use of the University Social Hall. Council during its Fourth Meeting in the (4) The Delegate for Burma moved and the Philippines Delegate for the United States seconded, a hearty vote of thanks to Dr. D. V. Villadolid, Director Carried unanimously. of the Bureau of Fisheries for his whole-hearted (2) The Delegate for the United Kingdom pro- cooperation in making the meeting a success and posed, and the Delegate for Thailand seconded, for the facilities extended to Delegations for the the following Resolution : inspection of Philippines Fisheries. It was resolved that Dr. Villadolid be asked also to trans- Whereas the Indo-Pacific Fisheries mit to the staff of the Fisheries Division the Council has, at the invitation of the Council's thanks for the untiring assist,ance rend- Government of the Republic of the Phi- ered to the Secretariat and for the cheerful man- ippines, held its Fourth Meeting at Que- ner in which the arduous duties assigned to them were carried out. zon City in the said Republic, (5) The Delegate for Australia moved and the Whereas the delegates and representa- Delegate for Vietnam seconded a vote of thanks tives of 'Member Governments of the to Dr. G. L. Kesteven for the invalqable services performed by him over a period of many years Council have at all times during the con- and for his untiring efforts since before the ference been the object of the utmost de- Council's .foundation to place it on a firm basis. ference and attention on the part of the (6) The Delegate for France moved and the mayor, Council and citizens of Quezon Delegate for Cambodia seconded a motion of City and thanks to the Secretariat staff attached to the Regional Office of the Organization at Bangkok Whereas the Council of Quezon City on for their collaboration with Dr. Kesteven in this the 24th of October, 1952 passed a for- task; to the Chairmen and Rapporteurs of the mal resolution No. 1108 welcoming the Technical Committees and Sub-Committees for the valuable assistance rendered in channeling the Indo-Pacific Council and the delegates conduct of their respective Committees and for of Member Governments with the assur- their energy and example to the members of the ance of the spontaneous cooperation and Committees in carrying out the tasks undertaken. friendship of the Philippine people ; Quezon City, November 7, 1952. APPENDIX 1 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE'S REPORT TO TEE COUNCIL AT ITS FOURTH MEETING *

The Executive Committee has met on five oc- IPFC./C62/8-9-10-11. The Council is apprised of casions since the last Meeting at the following the establishment of the, General Fisheries. Coun- times and places: cil for the Mediterranean as from February 20, 1952 and an effective liaison will be entered into 1) At Senate House, Madras, South India with this new Sister Council. (Februaly 16-17, 1951) c) Council Cowespondents [ A g e n d a I t e m .2) In the Office of the Commissioner-General 51/11]: The view recorded by the Council was for the United Kingdom in southeast communicated to Governments and all member Asia, Singapore (July 16-17, 1951) countries have now named Administrative and 3) At the Oceanographic Institute, Nha Trwg, Bibliographic Correspondents. Vietnam (February 4-8, 1952) d) Bibliogmphic Work [Resolution 51/15] : 4) At the F.A.O. Regional Office for Asia and The policies laid down in Resolution 51/15 have the Far East, Bangkok (July 28-Augvst. been adhered to and Governments have been cir- 2, 1952) cularized. The bibliographic work of the Secre- tariat is reported in IPFC/C52/17. It ehould be 5) At Social Hall, University of the Philip- noted that technical and financial considerations pines (October 18-23, 1952) made it impossible to follow the direction contained in paragraph 6 of the Council's Resolution.

e) Handbooks [Resolution 51/16.1 (I)] :, Draft prospectuses have been studied by the Committee, The Committee presents, and recommends for appointments made to the Editorial Committee approval and adoption, the printed Proceedings on Handbooks and a tentative list of authors of the Third Meeting. In accordance with Ar- drawn up. The Organization is arranging for ticle I11 (i) of the Council's Agreement, a copy the compilation of a handbook on Pond Culture in of Section I of the Proceedings was transmitted Tropical and Semi-tropical waters by Dr. S. L. to the Director General of the Food and Agricul- Hora. ture Organization as the Annual Report of the f) Current Affairs Bulletin: In accordance Council, and 200 copies were furnished for dis- with Resolution 51/16.1 (2), this Bulletin has tribution at the last conference of the Organiza- been regularly published. tion. g) Films [Resolution 51/17] : Administrative The Committee reports that the following ,ac- Correspondents were asked to give information tion has been taken in regard to the decisions of regarding films available, and the information the Council at its Third Meeting. IPFC/C52/2 received has been summarized. A list of motion (AP1) gives a list of the documents issued by pictures in the film library of the United States the Secretariat in the course of this work. Fish and Wildlife Service has been received. The Organization has at the Committee's request fur- a) The Amendment of Rules of Procedure nished a list of available films which is given [Resolution 51/22.1 (1) 1 was communicated to as IPFC/C52/20. the Food and Agriculture Organization and the h) Technical Instruction [Resolution 51/18] : Director-General's recommendations are submit- The plan to run schools and training centres has ted for discussion at the Fourth Meeting. been given high priority. Several invitations b) Liaison [Resolution 51/9.2(1 & 2)] : The were received from Member Governments. A intent of the ~hncilhas been constantly kept in Seminar on Brackish-water Fish Culture and a mind by the Executive Committee. An account Fisheries Statistics Training Centre have been of the principal contacts maintained is given in held in Indonesia and in Thailand respectively

'In accordance with Resolution 5.1 passed by the Coun- cil at ita Third (Madras) Neetlw, the pl-esent Report of the Executive Committee also incorporates the Report on the actirities of the Secretariat. and arrangements are well advanced for further n) Hilsa Investigations [Resolution 51/20.3 tvaining centres. This work is fully reported in (3) ] : A bibliography on the Hilsa Fish has been IPFC/C52/22. prepared by Mr. S. Jones of India 'and has been published. The Hilsa Sub-Committee has been i) Symposia [Resolution No. 51191 have been active throughout the year and a special Meeting for the Fourth Meeting. and Symposium held in Calcutta is reported on j) Collection of Hydrological Data [Resolution elsewhere. 51/20.1] : Active hydrologicnl programmes are in o) Fish Culture [Resolution 51/20.3 (4)): In pl-ogress in several countries and are reported on response to the Secretariat's communication of by the Hydrology Subcommittee of Technical the Council's rec~rnmendation to Member Gov- Committee 11. Conversations 1vel.e had by the ernments, information has been received which is Secretariat and members of the Executive Com- incorporated in the report of Technical Commit- mittee ~iththe Royal Netherlands Meteorological tee I. Institute at de Bilt regarding the possibility of co-operative .and complementary compilation of p) Homowic Herbicides [Resolution 51/20.3 data. Quotations were obtained from the Insti- (5)] : Experience reports have been received tute for the complication of data in the area, from India and the Philippines on the use of but this appeared to be beyond the present 2.4-D and will be referred to in the appropriate budget possibilities of the Council. A proposal repo1.t to the Fourth Meeting. for the establishment of an International Oceano- q) Pollution [Resolution 61/20.3 (611 : Reports graphical Institute has been tentatively under were received by the Secretariat from India, In- discussion at different times during the year and donesia and the Philippines and passed on to the is reported on elsewhere. The working paper on appropriate Sub-Committee. the availability of hydrographic data in Japan r) Tuna rResolution 51/20.3 (7)]: Informa- mas circulated to Member Governments. Govern- tion has been forthcoming from several Govern- ments were reconlmended to initiate hydro-biolo- ments in response to the Secretariat's requests xical investigations in estuarine waters and such and suggestions. investigations are in progress in Australia, In- dia, Indonesia, Philippines and Japan. The pro- s) Twonom,y [Resolution 51/20.3 (8)]: The gramme of Vietnam is in the course of reorienta- Taxonomy Sub-committee was requested to ob- tion. tain check lists of focal common fish with their vernacular names and fists have been received k) Plankt~nolo~icnlInvestigations [Resolution from several countries in the area. The Execu- 51/20.2] : The Planktonological Su?,+ommittee of tive Committee has also had under consideration Technical Committee I was charged with the a proposal for the preparation of a handbook on compilation of information to be obtained from the fifteen commercially most important groups Member Governments and this will be incorpo- of fish. rated in the report of Technical Committee I. A bibliography of the plankton work in the West- t) Pelagic Neritic Fisheries [Resolution 61/ ern Sector was prepared by the Central Marine 20.3 (9) 1: The Council's recommendations were Fisheries' Research Station at Mandapam, India cisculated. Detailed measurements regarding and was distributed as Occasional Paper 51/3. Rastret&ger kanagurta have been initiated in In- dia and Indonesia, and a new classification has I) Information on Fishery Projects [Resolu- been formulated' in the latter countiy. The chair- tion 51/20.3 (I)] : Some information has been re- man of this Sub-Committee reports that he has ceived during the year by the Secretariat from prepared for local use a questionnaire in connec- certain Member Governments. These data to- tion with gardine with a view to its wider appli: gether *with information obtained from other cation. sources are summarized in the report on the Status of the Industry (IPFC/C52/27). u) Seaweeds [Resolution 51/20.3 (10) ] : In re- m) Pamphlets on Staristicd Methodology [Res- sponse to the Secretariat's requests information olution 51/20.3 (2) ] : The Statistical Working has been furnished to the SubComrnittee from Group ,has been unable to give attention to the Japan, Australia, Philippines and the United Preparation of these pamphlets but states that States. being aware of the importance of this problem, v) Survey of Fishing Gear [Resolution 51/21.1 it will deal.with the matte' during the ensuing (1) ] : Mr. Burdon's tentative classification of period. fishing gear was circulat* on ,a warld-wide.ba& by the F. A. 0. and numerous comments were 1951, to make a study of the statistical records forthcoming. The work on the catalogue of gear of fish trade. This survey has enabled the Divi- is proceeding but opinions have been expressed sion to build up the' Indo-Pacific section of the that it is not feasible to complete this work on Fisheries Yearbook, so far as trade is concerned, a voluntary part-time basis. A preliminary bi- and the Branch is interested in the further prog- bliography has however been prepared and is ress which might be possible in developing this submitted to the Council. Member Governments study. are requested to supply additional information of dd) Socio-economic Papers [Resolution 51/21.3 existing literature. (I)]: The Council will have noted the substan- w) Survey and Classification of Fishing Craft tial group of socio-economic papers which have [Resolution 51/21;1 (Z)]: .Dr. Gibson Hill has been submitted in response to this resolution. )lot been able to present the completed Survey Occasional paper 52/5 presents a preliminary and Classification requested by the Council, ow- study in this field made by the Secretariat. ing to other commitments. Information has how- ee) Statistical Programme [Resolution 51/21.3 ever been collected and the provisional classifica- (2) 1: Considerable progress has been accom- tion revised. It is hoped that the Organization plished in this field, as reported by Technical will shortly come to an arrangement with Dr. Committee 11. Gibson Hill enabling him to proceed with this work. ff) Statistics ay Separate Agenda Item [Reso- x) Preservation of Fishing Gem [Resolution lution 51/21.3 (3)]: This has been done. 51/21.1 (3) ] : The response to the request for gg) Scientific Equipment [Resolution 51/22.3] : published information on the subject has on the The Secretariat has been able to render some whole been disappointing. A bibliography has small assistance in this matter and issued an however been prepared and presented by Tech- occasional paper (52/4) giving information. nical Committee 11. G~ERALREVIM~ OF COUNCIL'S y) Non-Indigenow Gear [Resolution 51/21.1 RESPONSIBIL~TIESAND OF PRESENT (4) 1: Member Governments were circularized by ARRANGEMENTS FOR THEIRDISCHARGE the Secretariat and the information received is The Executive Committee believes that the summarized in an ,attachment to the Report of work of the Council has developed to a stage Technical Committee 11. A paper from Korea which warrants the Committee making a review is submitted to the Meeting. of the Council's functions, the procedures which have been built up to enable the Council (and z) Powered Fishing Vessels in India and Cey- its Committees) to discharge these functions, and lon [Resolution 51/21.1 (5)1 : Mr. Chidamba- the progress which is being made to enable the ram's paper is presentd to the Meeting (IPFC/ Council to achieve its principal objective, namely, C52/TECH 1). a contribution to the overall objectives of the aa) Processing Methods [Resolution 51/21.2 Food and Agriculture Organization for increased (I)]: Some information on this subject was re- food production, improved nutritional standards, ceived in response to the Secretariat's request and improved living conditions for those con- and is summarized in Monsieur Lafont's classifi- cerned with food and agricultural industries. cation, presented to the Meeting (IPFC/C52/ The Council's functions, as set out in Article TECH 19). 111 of the Baguio Agreement, may be summarized as follows: bb) Handbook on Processing Equipment azd Methods [Resolution Q'21.2 (2)] : Although cer- 1. To formulate problems, tain nominations have been made as requested, 2. To recommend research and developmental no progress has been reported in the prepara- projects, tion of the plans for this handbook. 3. To encourage and co-ordinate research, 4. To effect standardization, CC) Sursey of Fish T~adeof the Zndo-Paeific 5. To undei-take research and developmental Region [Resolution 51/21.2 (3) ] : Although no projects, progress has been reported to the Executive Com- 6. To assist in the pr~curementof essential mittee of work by the persons named in the materials, Council's resolution, Mr. L. P. D. Gertenbach of 7. To publish, the E~onoraicsBranch of the Fisheries Division 8. To report on pwticular problems, ef:FAO \\-asaNe, during a tour of the region in 9. To report to F.A.O. TI? facil~tatcits liandling of work, in respect of nlcthod, cquipnlcllt and language. In res])cct of thcsc functions, by effecting a natural classifica- particular research requirements, the Council has tion of its materials, the Council has established a responsibility to recon~inendresearch projects t~oCommittees and under these committees has and, when necessayy, to undertake joint projects tlerelopecl further subject subdivision so that the of research. The research function of govern- Council's work, in the technical sense, is dirided ment is a fact-finding function and each phase of achinist~.ativework must be preceded by re- into seven headings : search of some kind. The Council must pursue Biology and Hydl.010gy : its work at two levels; promoting fact-finding 1. Hyclrology studies in order to inform itself in respect of 2. Planktology the field within which it must work and, on the 3. Biology 1-esult of these studies, pointing the way to the 1,esearch activities to be recommended to member Technology and Statistics governments. Results of these research activities 4. Gear Technology undertaken by member governments then furnish 3. Food Technology the material which, so far as the Council is con- 6. Socio-Ectxomics cerned may be used as basis, first for advice on 7. Statistics. further research and second, for advice on devel- Probably the most important of the Council's opmental and administrative activities. It is functions is the formulation of the problems with specifically indicated in the Council's function which the industries of the region are confronted. that it should recommend developmental projects and when necessary should itself, on request from The term problem may be taken to signify the member governments, undertake such projects. existence of situations which operate to cause an industry to function inefficiently or inade- Finally, the Council has an obligation to se- quately or to be unable to develop. Such situa- cure the presentation of its work in appropriate tions would include inter alia those in which the quarters. The general discharge of this responsibility is referred to under the function to pub- information on the resources was inadequate, lish, whilst the last two functions provide for thosc whcrc the industry possessed inadequate appropriate reparting in proper quarters. ttnd inappropriate equipment, those situations where the fishermen suffered disabilities which Whilst the scope of the Council's work is indi- rcnderccl them incapable of performing their cated in subject and geographic sense by the pre- work to the most desirable level of efficiency, amble ("development and proper utilization of and those where the marketing arrangements the living aquatic resources of the Indo-Pacific were inefficient in the sense of equipment for Areas") the actual range of matter taken under handling and disposition of catch or in the sense consideration by the Council must be dete~mined of institutional forms under which the market by what the Governments bring to the Council was condncted. The Committee assumes that it or ask it to consider. In this connection refer- is the function of the Council to advise member ence may be made to the Resolution 51/20.3 (1) governments on the collection of information adopted at the Third Meeting. Conversely, it ahout tile industry and to assist them in recog- may be assumed that the Council will consider nixinc and analyzing problem situations, and any matter within this scope which any Member measuring the influence of various actors con- Government might ask it to consider and, equally, tributing to those situations. wlll refrain from discussing any matter which my Goveniment might ask, and secure concur- Aftcr this first function, other functions con- rence, that it should not discuss. Nevertheless, stitute a sequexe to enable the Council to advise it must 'be assumed that the Council must exer- action which should lead to tlie eventual im- cise a corporate judgment in this matter and de- proccinent and development of the industry. In cide (seeking approval of the Governments where almost every case, research work is required, and necessary) the subjects and areas which should bccause of its importance, research appears di- receive consideration and the relative importance ~wtiy,or by implication, in most of the Coun- which should attach to each. In this connection cil's functions. The Council should consider the reference may be made to the Resolution [Proc. researc!l requirements of the region in all aspects 2 (1) :81 adopted at the Second (Cronulla) Meet- both genemkly and in respect of particular situa- ing "that the Council in plenary session decide tions. In general, the Council has a responsibil- wltich problems demand priority attention and ity to encourage and coordinate research and design a programme to uchieve sound applica-

should, especially, promote , standardization of lion of results." At its first two meetings the Council concei-ned ings of such Coininittces siniilar to the highly itself chiefly with an effort to determine the na- successful meeting of the Hilsa Sub-Committee. ture and the limits of the field within which it In respect of work which may be assigned to must work and its 1~esolntions recommended, intemational personnel, the controlling factor at chiefly, the prosecution of surveys of gear, craft, this stage is of course the availability of funds, methods in secondary and tertiary industry, and as a consequence of which the Council may not of the work being done in certain biological fields expect any great advances in this direction with- (tuna, neritic pelagic gl~oups). in the immediate future. Th~sis especially true At its third meeting the Council endeavoured because the Council believes that such especially to carry its activities closer to the working face assigned personnel should remain within the re- of its problems. In the general aspect it estab- gion for extended periods covering at least a lished the practice of preparing a short report on couple of years in order that they should fully the status of the industries of the Indo-Pacific assimilate the problems of the region. This, region as a means of assisting the identification therefore, means that the Council would need of problem situations. In the particular aspect to determine the priority which should be as- the Council adopted resolutions, submitted by the signed to needs of this kind. Tcchnical Committees, relating generally to sub- To summalizc the problems to which the Conl- jects such as planlrtology, and in a rather gcneral mittee has drawn attention it recommends that way, to certain sections of material such as sea- the Council consider the following matters: weeds, and the pelngic-neritic group. There were also recommendations re la tin^: to specifically iden- (1) What procedures should be employed to tified problems such as the Hilsa, the use of hor- improve the identification and analysis of prob- nlonic herbicides and populations of tuna. lems? (2) What matters should continue to hold a The work has thus now developed to the stage place on the Council's worksheet and what rela- whcre serious consideration should be given to tive importance shouid be alloted to each? the manner in w11ic.h the work should be developed in futwe years. It may be said that the (3) What type and extent of work should be efforts in the past four years have succeeded in expectcd of the Council's Cornmittce (a) by cor- effecting a separation between those activities respondence, (b) by meetings during the Council which are essentially national and might be in- Mecting, (c) by special meetings? fluenced by advices from the CounciI and by the (4) To what extent the Council should scch results of its work and those activities which to have spccial technical personnel assigned to are essentially intemational and are to be deter- wo1-k full time for extended periods on interna- mined by the status and rate of progress of the tional aspects of the work and by what means national activities. Whereas the Council in the and through what agencies should such personnel past has for the second type of work relied to a be employed? very great extent on the efforts of national per- ACTIVITIE~OF TIIE SECRETAI~IAT.- sonnel, it niay now be considered whether the nature and volume of such wolk has not become The activities of the Secretariat staff as part such t.liat it cannot be expected to continue by of the continuing programme of tho Organizatioil such methods. arc here considered. It does appear that the Council at this stagc In the interval which has elapsed since the needs to give consideration to the type and Third (Madras) Council Meeting the time of the amount of work which it can expect to have done Secretariat has been taken up largely with the f~rit by its Committees, Sub-Conmlittees, and activitics of the Council both in following up the Working Groups and to the degree to which its Third Meeting adin preparation of the Fourth work needs to be assigned to international per- Meeting and with extensive travel and as a re- sonnel appointed for such work. sult there has not been the opportunity for the In connection with Committee work the Coun- consultative work which figured largely in the cil should attempt to assay the amount and value work of the previous pears. On the other hand, of a-o1.k which can be accomplished by such Comn- much time was spent in connection with tech- mlttees duiing intervals between meetings by nical ~ssistanceand with the Indo-Pacific Fish- correspondence alone and that which can be el-ies Traininc Centre. made in the short period of the Council's meet- Toum and Conferences: Both the present ing and the CounciI should particularly consider and the previous Secretary undertook extensive to what extent it should resort to special meet- travel in this period. Besides his initial visit to Rome for briefing the present Secretary made The Executive Committee has accordingly giv- visits to Singapore, Rangcon and Calcutta. The en consideration to the question of the relation- l,revious Secretary made two visits to Rome and ship of the Council with other organizations and, on the first of these he visited also Holland, Den- particularly, with its own parent Organization I??al;iiand the United E~gdomSeveral visits md a submissjm wwas made to the Djl.ectms of \\-ere made to Singapore, to that city alone and Fisheries Division, F.A.O., that, ili the light of 11: the course of travel to other countries. Dur- the Council's Agreement and history, the Com- ing these visits there was discussion in connec- mittee believed that the intention had been to tion with the proposed Fishermen's School and create an instrument for the effective expression also the work on the first report of Singapore of technical opinion on fishery problems in the Fisheries Survey was completed. Visits were region, not only for the benefit of the fishery lnade in connection with technical assistance work personnel and the governments of the area, but to Vietnam (Saigon) , Cambodia (Phnom Penh) , also as a part of the general programme of inter- Indonesia (Jakarta), India (New Delhi) and national collaboration in respect of the general Ceylon (Colombo). At the time of the attend- food problems of the world. The opinion was ex- ance at the South Pacific Commission Fisheries pressed that the mere submission of the Council's Conference, New Zealand and Fiji were also visited in order to establish contact with fisheries reports to the Conference ,was not in itself suffi- workers in those countries and in the case of cient and that it was ,also important that the New Zealand to make representations for New opportunity should be given to the Council for re- Zealand's membership in the Council. presentations to be made on its behalf in the de- liberations which involved technical fisheries l'hc previous Secretary attended the FA0 con- problems. Attention was drawn to the fact that ference in Rome, November 1951, Indian Science the former Standing Advisory Committees no 'Congress, January 1952, an ECAFE Interna- longer existed and it was suggested that such a tional Trade Statistics meeting in January 1952, method as the above would fill the gap thus and the South Pacific Commission Fisheries Con- created. ference in May 1962. At the Science Congress the Secretary presented a paper on the fisheries A reply was received from the Director, Fish- in South East Asia. eries Division, to the effect that, the Govern- ments who make up the IPFC being already re- TECHNICALASSISTANCE: The principal cornrnit- presented at Sessions of the FA0 Conference, the ment in this field was the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Statistics Training Centre; the course lasted six IPFC can offer advice to its Member Govern- weeks, but plaeparations for it, and various clear- ments as to what, in its opinion, would best be ing-up activities aftelwards, made this a time- included in the FA0 program for the develop- consuming task. In addition it was found de- ment of aquatic resources in the Indo-Pacific sirable to give two brief, ten-day preliminary region and it can offer the same advice to the courses to Thai officers. Apart from this the Director-General. staff participated in discussions, prepared documentation, or gave field supervision, concerning It was moreover suggested that steps might technical assistance projects in Vietnam, Cam- be taken to place upon the agenda of the FA0 bodia, Thailand, Ceylon, India, Burma, Pakistan Conference an item providing for the considera- and the Philippines. tion of the IPFC Annual Report. Section I of the IPFC Proceedings or a summary of it could LIAISON then be presented to the Conference as a Con-. ference Document. This would have the advantage of giving more opportunity to the FA0 At the Third (Madras) Meeting of the Coun- delegations, previously briefed by their respec- cil in February, 1951, a report was received from tive Fisheries experts, to bring the resolutions a Special Committee which had met to consider and advice of IPFC to bear upon their delibera- the question of relationship with other Interna- tions. tional Organizations and a Resolution was passed, among others, to the effect that: In February, 1952, the Chairman was advised "Wiien n number d Councils is set up .a plan or scheme of the establishment, under the auspices of the of cooruinating the development and research programnles Organization, of an Interim Committee on Fish of ololual iiitere* will he highly desirable, if not abso- lutely essential. The F.A.O. rtliglit be apprised of the Handling and Processing, consisting of the re- opinion st this etage." presentatives of several. hfember Governments. The Secretariat of. this Interim Committee is The Executive Committee, while not under- serviced by the Chief of the Technology Branch, estimating the importance of fish handling and FA0 Fisheries Division. processing as one of the possible major solutions to world food distribution, still feels that com- It was requested that the Council assist the prehensive discussions of all aspects of the fish- Interim Committee ,with information regarding ery industries should take place at the Pre-Con- its Working Group on Fisheries Products for ference Meetings. Tropical Consumption and, if possible, nominate some persons who are actively engaged in work The Executive Committee further feels that jn this field to assist the Interim Committee. representation of the Regional Fisheries Councils at the Pre-Conference Meetings is within the The request was circularized to members of terms of reference of the Council and that such the Sub-Committee on Fish Processing and representation would contribute in some measure Marketing but the replies received have not been in preparing the ground for discussion of Re- encouraging. The Executive Committee feels gional and Inter-regional fisheries problems at that an active liaison between the Rapportezr the Conference level. of the IPFC Sub-Committee and the FA0 In- It is sugested therefore that the Council may terim Committee would be highly profitable and desire to authorize the Executive Committee to would form the logical contact between the In- represent it at such Pre-Conference or other terim Committee and the Council's Sub-commit- Meetings as may be convened by the Food and tee. It has unfortunately not been possible to Agriculture Organization and at which the re- establish this liaison, owing to the Secretariat presentation of the Council is invited, and that having no information as to the nomination of a such authority should include the faculty of the Chairman of the Sub-Committee; moreover, Committee to nominate a suit.able delegate or de- Monsieur Lafont of the Fisheries Research In- legates to the said Meetings. stitute, Phnom Penh, Canibodia, who had been GENERALFISHERIES COUNCIL FOR given a specific assignment in this connection, THE MEDITERRANEAN was absent from the Region during the greater pait of 1952. The Director General of FAO, in his monthly letter for September, 1962, calls attention to the On August 29, 1952, the Secretary of the In- fact that the valuable work already accomplished terim Committee again asked the Secretariat for by the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council has made the nomination of one or several fishery pro- the organization eager, for a long time, to es- ducts Technologists who could co-operate in this tablish similar Councils in other parts of the work, and the Executive Committee suggests, world. It was felt that only through such an upon the appointment of the corresponding Sub- instrument as a Regional Fisheries Council committee for the ensuing period, it be given could the most progress be made in training, the special assignment of maintaining liaison technique and production problems peculiar to with the Secretary of the Committee on Fish the various regions of the world. Processing and Handling. One of the areas where it was believed that The Secretariat was further apprised of the a Council could be of particular help is the Me- arrangements being made for the holding of diterranean. Here, although the general pro- F.A.O. Regional Pre-Conference Meetings, that ductivity is much lower than that of many other for Asia and the Far East being planned for seas, fishing is bound to provide a substantial early July, 1953, the venue depending on invi- part of the animal protein food for many of the tations from host Governments. The purpose of neighboring countries. In recent years, many the Pre-Conference Meetings is to discuss targets Mediterranean countries have considerably de- in overall agricultural policy and the approach veloped their marine fisheries and fish culture, to specific problems. It has been sugested by and increased their production. To ensure and the Fisheries Division, F.A.O., that steps be to develop further this production, hewever, it will be necessary to use new fishing methods and taken to have included in the Agenda of the improved gear and to find new fishing grounds. Pre-Conference Meetings a discussion on Proces- Also necessaq are research, experimentation, ex- sing, Distribution and Marketing of fish, and pert advice and technical training through the that the Regional Councils give consideration to provision of scholarships and the establishment of this proposal. training centers. JI-ith a view, therefore, to bringing into being tion, etc.) are concerned. Similarly, in the field a General Fisheries Council for the Mediterra- of science it is agreed that the scientific aspects nean, based on the experience gained in the ope- of the activities of Specialized Agencies, i.e., the ration of the I.P.F.C., the Director General called sciences skictly applied to the practical require- toget]ler at Rome in September, 1949, a Meeting ments of agriculture, fisheries, hygiene, aviation ~[leMember Governments of the Organization etc. lie within the competence of the respec- in the hfediterranean ares. A Constitution was tive Agencies, such as FAO, WHO, ICAO, etc.; dl,afted for the formation of the G.F.C.M. This but here again, it is impassible to draw a Constitution was in due course ratified by five sharp dividing line between the various applied Governments and came into operation as from sciences and the fundamental sciences on which 20th February, 1952. The General Fisheries they are based and for which UNESCO is un- Council for the Mediterranean held its first meet- doubtedly the competent agency of the United ing at Rhodes, 21-24 July. The meeting was at- Nations. tended by delegates from France, Greece, Israel, I11 view of these interrelations a cooperation Italy, United Kingdom and Yugoslavia, and ob- of the various sister Agencies with UNESCO servers from Monaco, the U.N., the International in matters of comnion interest is an obvious ne- Council for the Exploration of the Sea and the cessity recognized from the beginning. This ap- International Commission for the Scientific Ex- plies also for the IPFC. Liaison with UNESCO ploration of the Mediterr.anean Sea. It was has, in fact, existed since the establishment of agreed that the Council's programme of work the Council, UNESCO #was represent by observ- would include such topics as exploration of new ers at the FA0 meeting in Baguio in March fishing grounds, research on tuna and sardines 1948 at which establishment of IPFC was decided (new gear and methods), factors hampering the and UNESCO observers have particip,ated in all fisheries (pollution of waters, maintenance of meetings of the Council.. However, in the inter- boats and gear), fisheries biology problems, es- vals between these meetings there was relatively tablishment of statistics and collection of infor- little contact, at least at official level and the mation, and vocational training. outcome of occasional contacts was not followed The Council elected as officers, Mr. Jean Le up systematically. Gall of France, Chairman; Mr. C. Serbetis of In the period since the last meeting the ne- Greece, 1st Vice Chairman, and Mr. T. Solj.an cessity of ,a closer and permanent cooperation has of Yugoslavia, 2nd Vice Chairman. These gen- become gradually more and more apparent. The tlemen will also serve as chairmen of three tech- present meeting of the IPFC has on its Agenda nical committees established by the Council on ex- a proposal for the establishment of an oceanogra- ploration, production and utilization. In addition phic institute for the Indo-Pacific region in which to these Committees, working groups will be proposal UNESCO is deeply interested. In for- created in each country for the study of speci- mal talks it took an active part in the formula- fic questions. tion of this proposal. In other matters too, the contacts grew more frequent and more systema- UNITEDNATIONS EDUCATIONAL, tic. It is proposed now to endeavour to establish SCIENTIFICAND CULTURALORGANIZATION the cooperation on a firm permanent basis. The activities of UNESCO are carried out The activities of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries partly at their central Secretariat in Paris which Council include a number of subjects in which has six main Departments (Education, Natural UNESCO is also actively interested. Such Sciences, Social Sciences, Cultural Activities, "borderline subjects" come both under the head- Mass Communications and Technical Assistance) ing of "education" and "science", both of which and a number of regional Science Cooperation UNESCO is the yecognized competent Agency of Offices. These Offices belong to the Department the United Nations. In the field of education of Natural Sciences but as UNESCO has no full- UNESCO's competence in general is hardly chal- fledged regional offices, like FAO, WHO and lenged but when it comes to such specific pro- others (except one for the Western Hemisphere blems as technical and vocational training, other which is just taking shape) the Science Coopera- Agencies also claim a measure of competence, as tion Offices carry out activities also on behalf for example the International Labour Organiza- of the other Departments (with the probable ex- ti~n(ILO), while FA0 (and consequently IPFC), ception of Technical Assistance in countries WHO, ICAO and others maintain their interest where UNESCO has missions under this prog- as far as education and'training in their special ramme). In the Indo-Pacific region UNESCO fields (agriculture and fisheries, medicine, avia- has three Science Cooperation Offices, namely: S.C.0. for South Asia ment and training of scientists, scientific advice, University Buildings, documentation, etc.) Delhi 8, India (2) The UNESCO Science Offices are especial- S.C.O. for South East Asia, ly devoted to bibliographical and documentation Dj. Diponegoro 66, work in their region. This, if properly coordi- Djakarta, Indonesia nated with the similar activities of the IPFC may S.C.O. for East Asia, lead to avoiding duplications, making the services United Nations Building, more efficient and relieve the IPFC from sorne of its burdens. Padre Faura, Manila, Philippines. (3) The UNESCO Offices also act as scientific information centers and for that purpose run (For practical reasons the two latter form one microfilming, photocopying services and are spe- unit for the time being while the original seat cialized in tracing out-of-print, rare documents of the East Asia Office in Shanghai, China is published in the region which they are serving. seduced to routine activities under a local clerk). These services might be utilized by the IPFC and It is suggested that the IPFC's liaison with its correspondents in the member states. UNESCO should be maintained through tfiese (4) It is understood that the UNESCO Offices Offices. Members of the Executive committee have a certain budget alloc.ation to facilitate the residing in cities where UNESCO maintains such travel of scientists within the region they are Offices should act as liaison officers and should serving and they also arrange from time to time keep regular contacts with the Heads of the Of: regional conferences, meetings or symposia on fices or with officers specially delegated for that subjects which have a special interest for the purpose. They should convey from time to time region (and are not covered by other Specialized information about the activities of the IPFC Agencies). These activities of UNESCO might which are likely to have a bearing on the work also be coordinated with the activities of IPFC of UNESCO. Vice versa, UNESCO should be which may benefit from the projects of UNESCO 19equested to keep the IPFC regularly informed or even make suggastions for better utilizatioli thieough its Science Cooperation Offices about the of the available resources. For example, the fol- ,activities of the Organization which may interest lowing subjects may be considered for forth- the Council. coming UNESCO-sponsored regional Symposia: It should be also agreed that whenever officers (a) Ecology and Physiology of the Marine of the UNESCO Science Cooperation Offices visit Plankton in the Central Sector of the on official tours the seat of the IPFC Secretariat, Indo-P9cific region, or members of the IPFC Secretariat are visiting (b) A similar Symposium on freshwatw seats of UNESCO Science Cooperation Offices, plankton, they should take up personal contacts with each (c) The Physiological Basis of Fish Mi- other to make the liaison ,as active and up-to-date gration. as possible. Documents should be regularly ex- (6) In addition to the specific activities of tllc changed to give sufficient background material Science Cooperation Offices, the Central Secreta- to the exchange of information. riat of UNESCO has also a number of projects Where no Executive Committe member resides and activities in progress which may closely in- at the sezt of a Science Cooperation Office of terest the IPFC. In these activities too, coope- UNESCO, it might be advisable to nominate an ration and coordination may be of advantage to IPFC correspondent t9 maintain effective con- the Council. Two examples aye only given here. tac with UNESCO. (a) The forthcoming General Conference of UNESCO will have a proposition As to the subject and extent of cooperation, before it that a sum of $9,000 should only a few general suggestion are given at this be given to the 8th Pacific Science stage. Congress (Manila, Octobe~1963) in (1) Reference has already been made to the order to arrange a Symposi~union phy- p1.oposal to establish an Oceanogiophic Institute sical biological oceanogibaphy. The for the Indo-Pacific region. This proposal en- IPFC may like to cooperate with visages n clyse cooperation between IPFC and UNESCO in advising the Pacific UNESCO in order to ensure a firnu basis cif the Science Congwss about the Sympo- pera at ions on s purely scientific level (lwrnit- sium; (1.1) 411carlirr proposal to rrproduce sonle anti, wllerc posaibir, by pc~~naicnntact. The diagrams of Dr. Tn-eedie of the Raf- Council was rep~esentedby Mr. 31. Tweedie as fles Museum, Singapore for use in Observer at the 7th Xeeting of the Congress. fisheries educational schools, is still the Madras meeting of, the Council Dr. Villado- lid was observer on behalf of the Pacific Science under consideration by UNESCO. Congress. At its present meeting Mr. Rochford Cooperation with IPFC may give ad- is the observer. ditional weight to this proposal. Within the field of oceanography the Pacific Tho Esecutirc Committee therefore proposes to Science Congress has its standing committee :jlc Council the following Resolution: with a number of sni3-coi11n1ittees, each of wh.ch "That the Iudo-Pacific Fisheries Coz~ncil- is composed of technically lualified persons. Irctving mad IPFC/C5&/28 prepa~.ed in colla- Certain personnel of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries borntio~z with Dr. Wolsky, Field Science Council (either officers of the Council or officers Linisoiz Offictu. for South East Asia, ap- of member governments) are members of the pr~ot~cs!he ste2~smhieh have been taken ta- committee. Mr. Rochford is member of the wards a closcr liaison with UNESCO in standing committee on oceanography, while Drs. C/C?LCT(L~; Villadolid, Hardenberg and Kesteven are members of the standing committee on fisheries. "TIbct~ in purticutar it rccoit~ttwnds to The Pacific Science Congress will next meet UNESCO that it prcpa!.e, pztblished ad in Bfanila in 1953 and in addition to the sessions jrlrclrc nvailublc to fiske?-ies workers land suit- on oceanography to which undoubtedly the mem- ccble sducutionul institutions the taxonomic bers of the Council will contribute materially, cltr~tsproduced by Raffles Mzcseaum, and "Thot the Cozcneil expremes zts great in- preparations have been made for a symposium on tc-rcst in thc regional hydrobiological Sym- "The Physical and Biological Oceanography of the Pacific.'' This symposium will be financially J~&I.and considering that it is within the Council' in to-ms of reference to make a sig- subsidized by UNESCO. Dr. Villadolid, as chair- rcificrtnt contribution to thae S~mpchsin,re- man of the fisheries committee, is organizer of this symposium and has given to the local chair- qlicsts Tcchnicul Committee I to suggest sub- man of the national committee of the Philip- jccts for discussion thereat!' pines a !kt of the overseas experts which could contrlbnte to the symposium. Dr. Villadolid has also i.ecommended that the subject matter of the E'wm its inception the Indo-Pacific Fi~.heries symposium should be developed along the follow- ('orincil has continually maintained closc liaison ing lines: w I th International Science Organization working 1. Marine provicces within the Pacific rcgiou. in similar or affiliated research fields. The Pa- 2. Water masses and circulation in the Pacific. elfie Sciencc Congress was formed soon after the 3. Plznkton in the Pacific. c~dof World War I as a coordinating and ad- 4. Fresh water pond culture. vlsory body established by the nations of the Since this symposium could be of gwat benefit wuntrics bordering the Pacific Ocean. Its re- to the IPFC the Council should seek ways and ponsihltiiy is related to research in many fields means of obtaining the cIosest possible collsbo- oE science which would have received little at- ration with the Pacific Science Congress in the imtion in thz area if there has not been inter- planning, development and delivery of the synt- national support. Among the fields of science posium in its technical aspects. in which the Congress has been interested, oceanography is one which is of direct interest OTHER INTERNATIONAL to the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, and which has received especial attention from the Pacific ~esolutionNO. 0.2(1) passed by the Council Science Congress.- at its Third (Madras) Meeting calls for the establishment of a courtesy liaison and exchange In view of the strength of the Congress interest in thk field the Secretariat has main- of publications with those international organiza- tained close contact with the Secretariat of the tions having common interests with the Council. Pacific Congress by means of correspondence, ex- During the year it has been the policy of both change of information bulletins and. literature ihc Executive Committee and the Secretariat to establislt liaison wit11 as many international or- Bweuzc of Flood Control: An iut1)ortant deci- ganizations as possible and to develop those con- sion taken by the Economic Commission at its tacts already existing. eighth session was the shift of emphasis of the Relations with the Council's parent Organiza- Bureau's work from flood control to the wider tion is reported on above as is also that with aspects of water resource developn~ent. With another United Nations Organizations (UNES- a view to promoting multiple-purpose river basin CO). The formation of the Regional Council for development in the region, the Bureau has under- the Mediterranean, recently established under the taken s programme of work which inches: auspices of the F.A.O. is also dealt with sepa- (i) A country-by-country survey of water rately. resources, present status and future plans of de- INTERNATION.~L COUNCILIWR THE EXPLORATION velopment, and a study and analysis of problems OF THE SEA.-The Vice-chairman and the Chair- and difficulties encountered in water resource de- man of Technical Committee I who were in velopment. Country surveys for China (Tai- Europe at the time, attended the 39th Meeting wan), India, the Philippines, and Laos have been of the ICES held at Amsterdam from 1st-9th completed and surveys for Ceylon, Burma, In- October 1951, together with observers from donesia, Japan, Pakistan and Thailand are under F.A.O. One of the principal conclusions of the preparation. Meeting was that the stocks of the most impor- (ii) A "handbook" giving the general princi- tant commercial species have declined after a ples and detailed methods of planning multiple- temporary war-time increase. purpose river basin development for the use of enqineers of the region is under preparation, ,and A Resolution was passed requesting the Food the F.A.O. has been asked to contribute a chap- and Agriculture Organization to prepare annual- ter on watershed management. ly a list of names and addresses of the Institu- tions engaged in work on marine cultures toge- (iii) Preparatory work, in coopel-ation ,with ther with results and programmes. The system TAA, for the organization of a training center of Regional Committees as in use in the I.C.E.S. on water resource development, proposed to be is discussed elsewhere. convened in 1953. As regards the 50th Anniversary Meeting of (iv) Preparation for a regional technical con- thc ICES held at Copenhagen from 29th Sep- ference on water resource development, proposed tember to 7th October 1952, Dr. H. Thompson lo be convened in 1953-54. and Mr. I.S.R. Mundo were requested to act as In the course of the Secretariat's contacts with IPFC observers. and Dr. Finn, Directoij Fish- this Bureau, the question has been stressed of eries Division, attended the Meeting on behalf of giving adequate study to fish passes, where callcd the Food and Agriculture Organization. fo~,around dams and weirs planned in connec- JOINTCOMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY.-The tion with multiple-purpose river basin develop- Chairman of Technical Committee I1 attended the ment schemes and the importance of this phase Meeting at Brussels in August, 1951. has been accepted in principle by the Bureau of Flood Control. SOU TI^ PACIFICConf~~ss~O~.-The SPC held a Fisheries Conference at Nonmea, New Caledonia, Sub-Committee of Inland Waterzcutjs: Althou~l~ from 14th-22nd May, 1952, at which Dr. G. L. the Organization had been invited to send all Kesteven, Secretary, I.P.F.C., was present as an Observer to the Meeting of the Sub-Committee Obselver. A copy of the Commission's Report which was to have been held at Saigon late it] on the Fisheries Confe~aencemay be consulted in September, 1952, this meeting mas potponed until the office of the Secretariat Ad copies may be January, 1953, when it will most probably take requested f~on~the Secretary, South Pacific Com- place at Bandung. The matters coming under mission, Pentagon Building, Noumea, New Cele- the Sub-Conunittee which are most likely to in- donia. terest the Council and the Organization are: (1) Methods of Ri~el-and Canal Conservancy. ECOKUIIICCO~I~IISSION FOR ASIA AKD THE FAR EAST.-A permanent liaison has been maintained (2) Improved Designs and Operations of with this specialized agency of the United Na- Craft. tions with headquarters in Bangkok. The prin- (3) Uniform craft Measurement Plan. cipal activities of ECAFE which are of interest (4) Comparative Study of Steam and Diesel to the Council are as follows: Propulsion. (5) Standardization of Schedules for Preven- printer (Madras) in February, 1051, and the ii,:e Maintenance of Marine Engines. bulk of the MSS. of the other two sections was (6) Training Centre for Inland Wateiway delivered by July-October. The printing of Sec- Personnel. tion I was completed in September, 1951, and that of Sections I1 and 111 in September 1952. The Secretariat, in its contacts with Mr. Van With a view to avoiding the delay which oc- der Oord, Chief of the Inland Waterways Sec- curred in the case of Sections I1 and 111, it is tion of ECAFE, has stressed that the uncon- proposed that in future authors furnish clear trolled use of explosives in canalization projects and finahed copies of papers at the time of sub- in a danger to aquatic life which should be mission so that printing may not be held up for guarded against. author's corrections. UNITEDSTATES TECHNICAL AID.-Although the 2. Special Pub!ieation.s: Technical Aid projects in the countries of the Region under different agencies of the Unlted No. 1-Fish Culture in Brackish-water Ponds States Chernment do not strictly come under in Java, by W. H. Schuster, English the heading of International Organizations, it edition. The material for this was de- nlay be mentioned here that contact has been livered to the Press (Madras) in Nov. maintained wherever possible with the Agencies 1951-January, 1952, and the printing ycsponsible. It is encouraging to learn from was completed in September 1952. FA0 and other sources that the mutual policy No. 2-Fish Culture in Indonesia, by A. E. which already existed for cooperation between Hofstede, R. 0. Ardiwinata and F. Bot- MSA, TCA and STEM, on the one hand, and UN ke. The material of this book consisting specialized agencies on the other, has recently re- of the papers of the Seminar on Brack- ceived considerable impetus from the fact that ish-water Fish-Culture held in Indone- concrete directives have been issued by the sia in 1951 with the blocks loaned from makers of high policy on both sides to the effect the Indonesian Government, were de- that the utmost collaboration between the res- livered to the Press (Delhi) in Februa- pective agencies should be sought. ry, 1952. A provisional issue was pre- Delegates are reminded that Governments en- pared in May, 1952, for the 2nd Semi- tering into Basic Agreements with the Food and nar in Bogor, and the final printing of A~ricultureOrganization for Technical Assis- the book is expected to be completed tance are called upon to inform the Organization shortly. regarding all technical assistance projects deve- 3. Occasional Papers: Since the last Meeting loped in their respective countries and it would seventeen Occasional Papera of topical interest be of considerable benefit to the Council if the have been issued by the Secretariat as listed in Secretariat could be informed of all Technical As- Section C of .Annexure I to IPFC/C52/2. sistance Programmes related to Fisheries under way in the area, from whatever source. 4. Accessio?~Lists: The Secretariat has issued sixteen monthly lists of accessions to the library PUBLICATIONS (See IPFC/C52/2 Annexure I). This service has proved to be of value, as is observed from the Thc Council's Publications now comprise : responses from various quarters. It also 1. Proceedings of the Meetings provided a stimulus to other scientific institutions 2. Special Publications in the area to bring out similar accession lists 3. Handbooks of their libraries. 4. Occasional Papers 5. Accession Lists 5. List of Peliodicals: The list has been revised 6. List of Periodicals by the Secretariat with the assistance of Dr. S. 7. Bibliographies Jones, and the new edition is under print. 8. Current Affairs Bulletin 6. Bibliographia: These are dealt with in a The present status regarding these is as fol- separate section of this report. 1o\r%S: 7. Current A f faivs Bzdktin : In accordance 1. Proceedings of the Council's Snl Meeting: with the directive contained in Resolution NO. The authors of papers accepted by the Editorial 51/16.1 (2) passed at the Third (Madras) Meet- Committee for inclusion in the printed proceeding of the Council, this Bulletin has been issued ings were duly advised. The manuscript of bimonthly, commencing from July, 1951. Eight Section I of the Proceedings mas delivered to the numbers have appeared (see IPFC/C52/2-An- nex). The Bulletin consists essentially of new The Executive Committee the~.efore recom- items of fishery interest mainly in the area and mends that this question should now be referred is based on material received from the Adminis- through the technical committee to the subject trative Correspondents of Member Countries and sub-committees with a request that each subject other authentic sources. Started in mimeo- sub-committee should consider the prospectus graphed form, it has been found possible to print prepared by the Executive Committee and the this Bulletin economically commencing with is- method by which the text might be prepared and sue No. 5 corresponding to March, 1952. make recommendations or these points, and the Executive Committee further suggests that the 8. Handbooks: whole question, including the future of the edi- At its third meeting the Council adopted reso- torial committee, should be reviewed by the Coun- lution 51/16.1(1) concerning the preparation of cil as a whole. a series of handbooks on fisheries subjects. Act- It is to be stressed that the series will not pre- ing on this resolution the Executive Committee sent reports on the results of these methods, and has drafted a prospectus for this work as set would describe phenomena only in so far as much out below: This prospectus has not yet been cir- description may be required for the clear expo- cularized among competent workem as requested, sition of the method. It would be assumed that nor has it yet been submitted to the Editorial the results of application of these methods would Committee chiefly for the reason that there had be published in national publications and, in spe- been delay in the establishment of the Editorial cial form, in the Council's Proceedings; whether Committee. Howeve]., the Executive Committee a special series of publications summarising such has the intention to circularize this prospectus results on a broad basis, might be undertaken by in the near future but in connection with the the Council, could be considered at some late? selection of authors for this work the committee stage. wishes to draw attention to certain developments which may modify the approach to the question. In volumes V, VI and VII there will be a Firstly, the Fisheries Division at head office has problem of distinguishing between the method- felt the need for a fish culture handbook to be ology of technique employed by the operative, and so urgent that it has itself embarked on the pre- the methodology of research and adnlinietration paration of such a book, which will, however, be to be employed by the official to whom the ope- for the entire world. Nevertheless, the Division rative technique is itself a phenomenon. has arranged that the work should be prepared Principal Volunaes. i)y sections of which one would deal with the I. General Introduction to Fishe1.y Indo-Pacific region and would be made available Science. to the Council to be publisheci as one of the Coun- 11. Hydrology. cil's series. The Division has announced that it 111. Marine Biology and Linlnology. conceives the possibility that the1,e may arise si- IV. Fisheries Biology. milar needs in respect of other subjects and that V. Food Technology. probably similar arrangements could be made ' VI. Gear Technology. for coordination -with the Council's work. VII. Fish-Culture. A second point is that there appears to be a VIII. Socio-economics. like!ihood that at least some of these works can IX. Statistics. best be developed by Committee activities. As X. Administration and Development of an example, the statistics working group has Fisheries. given considerable thought to the contents of XI. Dictionaiy and General Index. a statistical handbook and proposes that the ma- The outline of the principal contcnts of these terial delivered at the IPFC fiisheries statistics volumes is submitted to the Council in a work- training centre should form the basis to the first ing paper. half of this handbook. The working group has already laid down plans for the necessary revision of this material and has sketched the pos- REGISTEROF PROJECTS,IXSTITUTIOP*'S, sible contents of two other sections of the book. VESSELSAND PERSONSEL Again, the Council remenlber its resolution KO. One of the first tasks undertaken by the Coun- 51/21.2(2) in which it recommended that a group cil was the preparation of a register of projects, of people should be iesponsible for a handbook institutions, vessels and personnel. This regis- describing plecessing equipment, methods and ter was issued in two mimeographed editions, at procedurw employed end suitable for this region. the 1st and 2nd Meetings of the Council and it \ras intended thac it should be re-issued, after been made hy the Secretariat, for the revision of revision, in printed from. how eve^., various fac- this plan of work. tors have intervened to prevent the Secretariat, The Secretariat points aut that the lxoject in firstly from revising the register to incorporate its orig~nalform was intended to be all embrac- llem materials which had been furnished, espe- ing and whilst the method of gatheying informa- cially from Japm, and secondly, from seeking zion should undoubtedly be of this character the information on the more recent changes which publicatim of dzta within one cover is likely to have taken place since the second mimeographed iead to the pi-eparation of a volume of unweildy edition was prepared. It will be recognized, of proportions. Again, the data of the different sec- coul.se, that the latter difficulty mill have become tions v.41 De of varying life expectancy, that is progressively more serious as time has elapsed. to sap, whilst information on institutions may be Although no detailed survey has been made of expected to be more or less up-to-date for a num- t!le value of the register to fishery workers, there ber of years, the information on personnel will 1s evidence that it has proved moderately useful change within shorter intervals, whilst that on and that it would be of still greater value if projects will change annually. The Secretariat revised and printed. The Secretariat has occa- states that on the basis of recognition of this sion to refer to the work from time to time and definition, the Head Office plans for this type has found that its present incomplete condition of work, which relate only to institutions and is a most serious defect: completed, it would be personnel, propose the issue of two separate pu- extremely useful. The Secretariat has been in- blications and different techniques for each in fo~medof the interest of Head Office in the con- respect of maintaining these publications in up- tents of this register and of its desire to be able to-date status. The Secretariat recommends that to use it as an authoritative source of informa- this project now be revised and brought into line tion. Furthermore the importance of proceeding with the project of the Fisheries Division at head- with this work is emphasized by the development quarters and that a special committee be esta- of plans in the Fisheries Division, Head Office blished at the present meeting to discuss with the for similar work in respect of further regions of Secretariat the manner in which this should be the world. The Executive Committee, after con- done. This proposal is endorsed by the Execu- sic~e~~ntionof the problem, is disposed to accept tive Committee and now submitted for Council the recommendation described below, which had approval.

FISHERIES BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AREA

According to Article 111 of the IPFC Agree- At the Cronulla Meeting in 1050 the Committee ment, one of the functions of the Council is "to which reviewed the Bibliographic work, Register, assemble, publish or otheiwise disseminate ocean- etc., observed that the preparation of Sector Bi- oyraphical, biological and other technical infor- bliography lists as made for the Western Sector mation relating t9 living aquatic reasources", and and commenced for the Central Sector by the all the four continuing committees appointed at Secretariat should be continued. The Bibliogra- Rnguio in 1948 stressed the need for the compila- phies were to be In the form as published in the tion of reference to all available literature relat- Journal of the International Council for the Ex- ing to the fishery problems of the Indo-Pacific ploration of the Sea, and were to be reviewed Area as a primary step for co-ordinated research and indexed also by a band of experts to be and development work. The Report of the Sur- appointed. vey of the Existing Fishery Programmes and on The work moves dong two distinct lines. The the Collection of Special Information submitted first is concerned with drawing attention of work- to the first regular Meeting of the Council at ers to the information available in their field Singapore in 1949 further recommended that or" activity, and is bibliographic work in the "consideration may be given to the desirability more usual sense. The second is concerned with of classification of the references and preparation informing workers on the availability of publica- of ab.:tracts and even review of the listed worka." tions (journals and definitive texts) within the region, end may'be ~eferredto as the cataloguing gestion received from the Council's U.S.A. BibIio- task. graphic Correspondent be available to serve the Council's purpose. Other recent subject biblio- BIBLIOGRAPHICWORK graphies of interest are the publhhed bibliogra- This work is based on -what might be called phies on Hilsa by Dr. S. Jones and on Fish-Cul- n general stock-taking in the form of broad sec- ture in India by Mr. T. V. R. Pillay, and those tor bibliographies which then is to be kept up- under preparation on Socio-Economics by Mr. L. to-date by current bibliographies and supple- P. D. Gertenbach, on the Food and Feeding of mented by subject biblio,graphies in appropriate Indian Fishes by Dr. T. J. Job and on Fisheries form. Products, Processing etc. by Mr. K. Chidamba- ram. Sector Bibliographies: The draft of the bibliography for the western sector is in the hands of The Executive Committee wishes to recommend a panel nominated by the Member Governments to the Council that the Council should adopt concerned and it is their task to review this the policy that in future subject bibliographies systematically, to add to or delete references should be in the form only of Mr. Schuster's from the main body (wh~chis arranged alpha- bibliography on Chanos chanos, accompanied if betically and chronologically) and to provide a possible by a review article. The Committee thorough subject index. points out that in so far ,w the Sector bibliogra- Dr. Westberg has continued his task of com- phies are to be indexed in subject fashion, and piling references for the Central Sector, but the that similar cumulative indexes would be made Secretariat has been unable to carry out its share of current bibliographies, Subject bibliogra- of the task, in preparing the first mimeograph phies, which are simply lists of references, can- d~sftfor the use of a panel to be appointed. not be considered as being anything more than No aribangements have yet been made for bi- a reprinting of selected parts of sector and cur- bliographies for the other sectors of the Coilncil's rent bibliographies and therefore are unnecesaa- area. ry. Bibliographies such as the Chanos chnos bibliography are informative, and if accompanied Cwrent BibEiography :Pursuant to the Council's by a review article would also be discriminating action on the same Committee's recommendation and a useful guide to beginners in the subjects. regarding Current Bibliography, Bibliographic Correspondents have been appointed by the Mem- ber Governments, and current country bibliogra- Following a plan similar to that in the biblio- phies have been received from three of them, graphic field this work should be based upon a viz., one for Australia from CSIRO, one for In- definitive catalogue of liteTature relating to fish- dia and one for Indonesia. The first has been eries and of interest to fisheries workers held published in the Council Current Affairs Bulletin in institutional libraries of the region, and should No. 5 and the second issued as Occosional Paper be kept up-to-date by accessions lists and ~upple- No. 62/11. mented by the special list of periodicals of this The Council may wish to give consideration to nature published within the region. I-ecommending to member Governments that ef- Institutional catalogue: some institutions have forts should be increased to furnish the Secreta- already furnished lists of relevant literature held riat regularly with bibliographic lists for inclusion in the current bibliogl-aphy of the Current in their libraries: Bibliotheca &geriensis from Affairs Bulletin. ~ndonesia(Occasional Paper No. 52/10 B), a list of Periodical and Serial Holdings, etc., of the Subject Bibliograplzies: Bibliographies pre- Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations Lib~ary, pared by Messrs. W. H. Schuster, T. W. Burden Honolulu, from the U.S.A. and Accession Lists and Dr. N. I(. Pannikar et a1 on Chanos chanos, (a) cf the POFI Library, Honolulu; (b) of the on the Plankton of 'the Western Sector and on Library of the Fisheries Division, Commonwealth Fishing Gear, respectively, have been issued as occasional papers in mimeographed form. The Scientific and Research Organization, Australia; (c) of the .Central Marine Fisheries Research first of these IS being reissrred in printed form by the Rome Headquarters of the Food and Agri- Station Library, India and (d) of the Library of culture Organization. The bibliography of the the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. Pacific Tunas by MY. B. M. Shinlada published Considerations should now be given to the means in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery whereby this work may be brought to comple- Billletin No. 58 will, in accordance with the sug- tion. Accessiou Lists: Ce~-t.aininstitutions of the re- and othel- Periodicals dealing with fisheries pu- gion have been issuing .lists of accessions to their blished in the Indo-Pacific Area in 1951 is now libraries for a number of years. The Executive in the course of printing. Mention may be made Committee during 1950 recommended to institu- here of the general Lists of Scientific and Tech- tions generally that this practice should be ex- nical Journals published in South East Asia tended. This recommendation has been acted (Philippines, Indonesia, Malaya, Thailand, Indo- llpon by certain institutions. On the directive China and Hongkong) published by UNESCO. of the Executive Committee the Secretariat has DISTRIBUTIONAND EXCHANGE.-A revised dis- now for some time been issuing a list of acces- tribution and exchange list is being maintained sions to the library of the regional office. A by the Secretariat and publications are being des- conlprehensive list was issued in April, 1951 and patched to the persons and institutions named 15 other lists have been issued monthly since thereon. then. It is hoped that in time it may be possible CONCLUSION for the Secretariat to issue a consolidated acces- It will be recognized that this program has sion list for the region. developed substantially and is likely to develop Periodical List: In pursuance of instructions much further. Consideration swill soon have to given to the Secretariat by the Executive Com- be given to the means whereby the program may mittee, a revised edition of the List of Scientific be maintained.

SECRETARY'S REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNCIL 1951 Budget Revised (f ) Expenditure Allocation Allocation US. $ in US. $ in US. $ A. EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE TRAVEL: (a) 2,000.00 1,000.00 IPFC 1st (1951/52) Executive Committee Meet- ing, Madras, February, 1951. Expenses of Chairman, Vice Chairman, and Member ..... -- IPFC 2nd (1951/52) Executive Committee Meet- ing, Singapore, July, 1951. Expenses of Chair- man, Vice Chairman, and Uember ...... 806.50 8. PRINTING:(b) Temporary typing services and overtime ...... 66.38 Air freight & postage of MS ...... 51.20 Miscellaneous printing ...... 10.69 Printing of Section I of Proceedinm.. Ic), , 259.82 Paper supplies ...... 214.47 IPFC S~ecialPublication No. 1 (d) . . 680.00 printing of Sections I1 and I11 o'f proceedings (d) ...... 1,000.00 2,282.56 C. MEWING: Expenditure for the 3rd IPFC Meeting, Madras, India, February, 1951. Interpretation services, postage and telegrams, publicity, films and incidental secretariat expenses ...... 687.20 D. MISCELLANEOUSEXPENSES: (e) Overtime ...... 1.38 Office equipment ...... 138.35 Shipping and freight ...... 1.51 Stationery & supplies ...... 295.51 Telegram & postage ...... 437.81 Temporary typing services ...... 116.71 991.27 -- Total ...... 4,667.62 -5,250.00 (a) Of the original hudget allocation of U.S. $2,000, the sun1 of $1,000 was snhseqaently tranafmvd to Print- iW nncl Miarellaneoua Items. 0)) In addition to the original hndget item8 of $2,000.00, an additionnl b.500 was transferred f~omTi-avel Tteni. (c) Payment made in February, 1952, and rharged to 111.51 bndaet item. ((1) Apprminbate figures only. (e) Tn addition to the wiginal bnilpet item of U.S. $500, an additional $500 was subseryuently transferred from Travel Item. 1952 (to 30 September) Rudyet Revised (f) ~z~enditzc~aAllocation Allocation U.S. y in U.S. $ in U.S. $ A. EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE TRAVEL: (a) 2,000.00 2,250.00 IPFC 3rd (1951/52) Executive Committee Meet- ing, Nha-Trang, Vietnam, February, 1932. Expenses of Chairman and Member ...... 1,068.21 IPFC 4th (1951/52) Executive Committee Meet- ing, Bangkok, Thailand, July, 1952. Expenses of Chairman, Vice-chairman and Member ... 1,063.83

B. PRINTING:(b) Current Affairs Bulletins No. 5.. 6.. & 7 . 57.14 Library cards ...... 26.35 Letter head ...... 3.81 IPFC List of Scientific Periodicals (h) 140.00 C. MEETING: The Meeting expenditure for the 4th IPFC Meet- ing, Quezon City, Philippines, Oct./Nov., 1952, has still to be met ...... D. MISCELLANEOUSEXPENSES : (e) Office equipment ...... 247.17 Shipping and freight ...... 13.31 Stationery and supplies ...... 196.44 Telegrams and postage ...... 526.89 Bibliographic services ...... 16.78

Total ......

(f) An adjustment of the allocation as between item llns be~amade hy hend offiee OIL* representat~on fronr t11~ Swretariat. (g) There i%an addit~onal com~nitment of approximately $80 in respect of travel hy the Executive committee for thp 4th Executive Cmnnitlce Meeting, 1952 (h) AppmximaLe figure only. It is to be pointed out that thex figures are subject to confirmation by the Budget and Finance Section of thc .Administrative Division of FAO, Rome, by whom the expenditures have been authorized in appropriate form for payment through the E'AO Regional Office Administrative Divi- sion, Bangkok. --

STATEMENT OF THE I.P.F.C. BUDGET PROVIDED BY F.A.O. FOR 1952/53

It is provided in Article VI, paragraph 2 of 1951 1952 the I.P.F.C. Agreement that certain expenses of U.S. $ U.S. $ the Council shall be determined and paid for Travel 2,000 2,000 by the Food and Agriculture Orgmization of the Meetings 7 50 760 United Nations within the limits of an annual Equipment 600 1,000 budget prepared and approved in accordance Documents 2,023 2,000 with the current regulations of the Organization. 5,273 6,760 The Council recorded, at its Third (Madras) Meeting, its lselief that the I.P.F.C. Budget for Other expenses, including the salaries of the 1952 should be increased for printing and other regular staff of the Secretariat, will continue to purposes by about $500 to $1,000 U.S., and cog- be paid from the budget of the Fisheries Divi- nisance of this request was taken by the Director sion of F.A.O. through the Far Eastern Re- gional Office in Bangkok. General when presenting his Program of Work As regards 1953, since the Council did not meet , for 1962/53 to the Sixth Conference of F.A.O. in the early part of the present year, the Exe- which took place at Rome between 19th Novem- cutive Committee instructed the Secretariat to ber 7th, December, 1951, as will be seen from the approach the Director of the Fisheries Division special I.P.F.C. budget figu~esgiven in that do- of the Organization apprising him for expan- cument as foIlo\vs: sion of the budget be considered. A ~.eplybas been received to the effect that, while the Divi- the funds allocated to cover the working expenses s~onis sympathetic to the .aims of the Council, of the 1.P.F.C. be when the e~tilll- I~S0x11 budget has been cut back 011 most items ates for 1954 are being prepared and that the and it is therefore only possible to maintain the comparatively large I?roportion special IPFC budget at the 1952 level. It is earth,s surface and inhabitants within the ?egion be taken llo~\*everstated that it may be possible to give into account, together with the fact that the extra financial assistance for specific projects t,lrougl~ the Expanded Tecllllical Assistance area is par ezcellence one which calls for such Programme. developmental and extension work as is contem- T]le Division has, nevertheless, again been ap- plated by the PWJrammes of the Organization llyoached with the request that some increase in and of the Council.

STATUS OF THE FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION DURING THE PERIOD 1951-1952

Tile quickening interest in these industries, The fish culture sub-committee of the Council has ~lotedin the first of these has been main- gathered data on these areas and Table I of this tained during the period under review. The report contains the latest estimates. It will be operatives have become extremely active in ef- seen that although this table is incomplete, it fecting the change in their methods and their quite clearly shows that the area of inland wa- organization, and in consequence important de- ters is very considerable, in excess of 36 million velopments have taken place in mechanization of hectares, and forms at least 5% of the total area fishing operations and in the formation of fisher- of the countries for which there are estimates. men's associations. National and international This total area of inland waters includes fish- prog~ammes have contributed subs1;mtially to- ponds, natural lakes, artificial lakes, etc. It does wa~dthis development; these contributions have not include ,any estimate of the area of the river included the provision of equipment, funds, and systems and other waterways with moving *water. personnel for the industry and for governmental The fish production potential of these waters is programmes of research; they have also included of two kinds, firstly, that which is obtained by various projects in technical instruction. There simple capture of wild stocks of fish, secondly, are good reasons therefore for continuing to be that which is to be obtained by fish culture prac- optimistic about the future of'these industries. tices. The first kind of yield can be increased by stocking and in some cases by conservational The Council believes that it is appropriate at pl3ctices. The second type depends entirely upon this stage to lay down plans for a tentative ap- human activity. The capture of wild stocks takes praisal of the fishery resources of the region together with an indication of the degree at which place almost wherever such stocks occur, and the resources are exploited. Such a summary there is no doubt that very great quantities of may lead to an examination of the developments fish are taken by subsistence operations. There which have taken place recently in this industry are however certain localities in which very con- and to an attempt to indicate the lines along siderable quanties of fish are taken in commer- which the industiy might be expected to develop cial operations. Most notable of these are the in the near future and the levels to which it lakes of Silhyet, India, the Great Lakes of Cam- iilight be expected that the developments should bodia, and the great lake systems of China. But lead. in addition, important commercial operations take place in the natural waterways of the peat. river RESOURCES systems and in some cases in artificially im- -4 distinction may conveniently be made be- pounded bodies of water such as Mettur in south- tween inland and marine resources. ern India. There are no important instances of The inland resources consist of those of fresh- artificial stocking of open w,aterways but the water and those of brackish water. The assess- stocking of irrigation areas, more especially with ment of these may be approached first by a meas- paddy cultivation, is rapidly developing as stand- urement of the water areas within each country, ard practice in the region. Although it is impos- 0 0 0000 0 00 0 0 0 coo0 0 00 0 0, 0- 0,90,0, 0-0- 0- W Oa cow, z k-I$ 1 :,z,ggl$ I O-?zz 1GP: 00 * mr(V3w w 7403 d *Carl m

- - dOOr(0 corn wIOwC-0 corn 11112".-! "2"1111 I I gsyl sib]e at this stage to attempt an estimate of Po- demersal stocks whose limits outward from the tential productivity of inland waters it should coast are as yet undefined. Undoubtedly, this be possible in time for administration to make province also carries pelagic resources and per- a classification of these waterways into categories haps mid-water yesources. taking cognizance of the principal features of 4. Andaman Sea.--This province is known to such watelways and, on the basis of experience carry extensive demersal stocks as inhabitants of of productivity of such categories, to attempt an the reefs of the Andaman and Micobar Islands estimate of production. The productivity of ~ul- and of the Mergui Archipelago. Undoubtedly tivated \\raters is of course much greater than there are pelagic stocks. that of open wate~waysand if the modest figure 5. Strait of Ma1acca.-This small province car- of one ton per hectare could be expected, fish- ries littoral stocks, and in off-shore water both ponds of the area, which amount to half million pelagic (Rastrelliger) and demersal stocks, all of hectares, should be able to produce half a million which are subject to relatively intense fishing. tons of fish. 6. Indian Ocean.1t is known that there are The extent of brackish water in the region is pelagic resources (including tuna) in this prov- very considerable. The estimate of these areas ince which is, of course, of tremendous area, but is also attempted in Table 1. These waters carry they are subject to no fishing. natural stocks and can support culture operations. Tile cultivation of Chanos chanos, mullets and 7. Gulf of Thailand and Southern South China shrimps takes place principally in India, Indo- Sea.-This area contains littoral stocks which are nesia and the Philippines. subject to very intense fishing especially in the Gulf of Thailand. Dememal stocks are known to In considering the marine resources it is de- be present in the off-shore waters but these are sirable to attempt a division of the region into not exploited to any great extent. Pelagic re- a series of sub-areas or provinces. The distribu- sources are known to be present. tion of resources in these provinces is discussed as follows: 8. Gulf of Tonkin and the Northern South China Sea.-The littoral stocks of this province 1. The Arabian sea undoubtedly contains pe- are intensively fished. Off-shore demersal stocks lagic resources, but of these however little is yet are intensively fished in the Gulf of Tonkin and known and there is virtually no fishery. As an off the China coast. Pelagic stocks are also ex- cxception to this mention must be made of the tensive and these are fished intensively at least fisheries of the Laccadive and Maldive Islands. off the China coast. 2. Indo-Pakistan continental shelf is known to 9. East China Sea .and Yellow Sea.-This prov- carry both demersal and pelagic resources and ince carries very considerable stocks of fishes in these are at present subject to fishing operations. all strata and is one of the most intensively fished There is evely 1-eason to believe that the yield provinces of the region. The littoral fisheries are from the demersal resources could be greatly in- very interise. c~easedespecialIy by operations off the Kathia- 10. Sea of Japan.-This province also is ex- war Coast and also on the Wadge Bank. The pe- tremely rich in littoral and off-shore stocks and lagic resousces, which include RastreHiger and the ,also is very intensively .fished. Indian oil sardine, are subject to considerable exploitation. It is possible that extensive explo- 11. Western Sunda Seas.-This province car- ration and research might stabilize and sometimes ries rich littoral stocks and these are extensive incrcase the catch from these species for which areas with demersal stocks in off-shore waters possibly the main problem is the improvement of (chiefly reef fish) and it also carries considerable the knowledge of the behavior of fishes. There pelagic stocks. is an extensive littoral stock in this province and 12. Eastern Sunda Seas.-Besides its littoral the littoral of Ceylon may conveniently be taken stocks and demersal stock which are essentially as ])art of this. This stock, of course, is subject reef fish, this area carries some heavy stocks of to continuo~sfishing. The possibility of mid- pelagic off-shore fishes including the flying fish ~aterstock, either as permanent inhabitants or and tuna. The former are subject to intensive as transients from the demersal or the pelagic, fishing. has not yet been explored. 13. Pacific Ocean.-This province, which should 3. Bay of Benga1.-This province has known in due course be subdivided, carries abundant littoral resources which are intensively fished and littoral stocks in the reefs and lagoons of islands and undoubtedly cafries an, abulldance of oceanic In respect of inland fisheries the most import- pelagic fishes. The fisheries are relatively neg- ant aspect to note here is the growth of interest iected. in this section. Active'Governmental pr~g~amrnes in Pakistan, India, Thailand, Indonesia and the FISHERY INDUSTRIES Philippines are supplementing the efforts of operatives in extending fish-cultural practices. Fkhing Operations.-The most striking feature of the marine fishing industries of the region Harbozw Facilities.-Plans far a fishery har- during the period is the vigor with which mecha- bour at Karachi have been drawn up by special- nization is being effected. It is probably true ists supplied under the FA0 Expanded Pro- that some development of this kind is taking place gramme of Technical Assistance and Government in every country of the region by the action of of Pakistan has approved the project for con- the fishermen themselves; sometimes the change struction of the harbour. Survey work is being involves the installation of an engine in an exist- done in West Bengal and in East Pakistan to ing craft, sometimes new craft have been built. determine the need for these facilities in the Notable instances of such vigorous development Gangetic Delta. The Government of Singapore's are those of Bombay Province, Malaya, Singa- Harbour Control point, which assists fishermen in pore, and Hongkong. This move is being assist- their contacts with Administration, has been fur- ed in various ways by Governments, as the Gov- ther developed and made a 24-hour service. ernments of Bombay, Singapore and Hongkong. Marketing.-New fish market premises have Coupled with this move on the part of the fiser- been constructed in Bombny. The Karachi fish mer. are the projects receiving external aid un- harbour plans include provision of marketing fa- der Technical Assistance programmes; thus, the cilities. Marketing of fish from the Gangetic Government of Indonesia has received a substan- Delta is being surveyed on behalf of the Govern- ments of West Bengal and East Pakistan under tial contribution of vessels and engines from the the FA0 Expanded Programme of Technical As- U.S. under the MSA and it is understood that a sistance. The Singapore Government has contin- similar contribution will be received by the Gov- ued its survey of its fishing industry as prelimi- ernment of India. ~~ain,the Food and Agri- naiy to embarking on a marketing scheme; and cuIture Organization has been assisting the Gov- a formal scheme is understood to be under con- ernment of Ceylon in a survey of its indigenous sideration. Hongkong Government has completed craft and in experimentation on the introduction the construction of new fish market premises at of mechanization. An important element of this Aberdeen Town Market; at the same time the move toward conversion of the fishing operatiohs market system has evolved further, and several is the action of various Governments in conduct- modifications in the procedure at the Kowloon ing deep-sea operations #with vessels from over- market yield important increases in efficiency. seas; these include the Government of India's The Government of Ceylon is conducting experi- Deep Sea scheme operating from Bombay (with ments in various aspects of the marketing system. which may be associated the operations of a Jap- Secondary Industries.-Whilst it would appear anese unit from the same port), the Government that further progress has been made by certain of West Bengai's project with Danish vessels countries in the re-establishment of their pro- operating out of Calcutta, and the continuation cessing industries, chiefly for export, as for exam- by the Government of Ceylon of its trading ope- ple, Cambodia, Hongkong, Japan, the picture in rations on the Wadge Bank. Finally,' in this this sector of the industry is essentially un- connection should be noted the apparently highly changed. Some apparently successful experi- successful mother-ship operations in fishing for ments have been conducted in Hongkong in the tuna in the Pacific by Japanese companies under use of artificial diying equipment. Government sponsorship. Trade.-The most recently available information on the trade in fish and fishery products is The importance of this development is fully presented in Table 2. The data, although incom- appreciated by the Food and Agriculture Organi- plete, show clearly that the international trade zation which, in addition to its direct technical in these commodities has not yet returned to its aid to certain governments, is preparing plans pre-war level. Of the total of 196 thousand me- for technical instruction to fishermen in connec- t~ictons of imports shown in this table, allllost tion ,with mechanization, and to fishery adminis- half mas cured fish; of the remainder a large trators in connection with Governmental aspects proportion (about 21%) was canned, of which of such programmes. more than half was imported by the Philippines. TABLE 2A.IMPORTS - --- Cltr ST-4- CEANS TOTAL .rn MOL- Cot xmr' LUSKS GKAXD FRESH, FHOZEN & CL-RED -- -. -. . ------I Metric Tons Brunei Q 100 - Ceylon Q 35,600 - China Q 16,400 1,100 IIong Kong Q 24,800 13,800 India Q 6,100 - Indo China Q 300 100 Indonesia Q 15,600 500 Japan Q 5,800 100 Malaya Q 58,300 - N. Boreo Q 300 Pakistan QI (No Imports) 1950 Philippines Q 28,900 300 1950 Smawak Q 3,700 2,100 * 1950 Thiala~~d 0 500 400 7 --- I -- * I.er;n tlmn 100 tons. TABLE 2B.-EXPORTS

CRCST*- C'EANS F~sir AXD Mor, FISH LCSICS ANrnmL fiIE.%r,s CANWED FRESH, AND PRR- FROZEN AXD FATS TILIZEBS on C~RBI . ------Brunei (No imports) 1950 Ceylon Q 300 - @ 1950 China & " - "r 1950 Hong Kong & 18,200 * 1949-50 India & 16,300 - 1949 lndo China & 3,700 - 1950 Indonesia Q 12,400 - 1950 Japan Q 61,900 - 1950 Malaya Q 25,300 1,100 1950 North Borneo Q 1,300 1950 Pakistan 4,100 1949 Philippines 700 - 1950 Sarawak 3 15'::: -- 1950 Thailand - - --___--- -- Q 21 900 - 'TABLE 3.-TOTAL ANNUAL CATCH OF FISH, CRUSTACEANS AND MOLLUSKS IN 11 ASIAN COUNTRIES, 1938 AND 1947-51

COYPINEXTASD COI:ITRY Year 1949 I - Metric tons Brunei ...... - Rurlna ...... - Ceylon ...... 36,000 China ...... 3,000,000 Hong Kong ...... 27,000 India ...... 503,400 Indochina ...... 410,000 Cambodia ...... --...... - Vietnam...... I - I - Indonesia ...... 1940 Japan ...... 1938 1 3,521;000 Ko~ea ...... 1938 1,954,700 North ...... 1938 1,326,000 South ...... 1938 1 628,700 Macnu ...... - - Malaya and Singapo1-e ...... 1936-40 87,000 Pakistan ...... - - Philippines ...... - - North Boimeo ...... - - Sarawak ...... - --- -. - Production.-Information furnished to the of administrative services and an important Food and Agriculture Organization permits the sign of the development of governmental admin. preparation of Table 3 which gives latest esti- lstration is the holding in various places in the mates of production. It will be observed that region, of meetings and conferences of fisher) there are numerous gaps to this table. ~hese, officers; far instance, in Pakistan, India and unfoitunately, cannot as yet be removed although Vietnam. Also the appearance of regular reports statistical work is being actively developed in the of fishery administration, such as those from region. On the other hand, attention must be East Pakistan, from various states and provinces drawn to the possibility that production is signi- of India, from Ceylon, Malay and Singapore, and ficantly under-estimated in certain countries Hongkong, and in the case of Malaya this in- where it yet proves impossible to attempt an as- cludes a regular monthly record of the industries, sessment of subsistence catch. Since the report constitute a very healthy sign of the growth of for 1951 was prepared, some preliminary inves- administrative practice in the region. tigations show that the magnitude of this neg- Research work is rapidly developing in the re- lected element is quite considerable. It is impos- gion as is shown by the growing number and sible, in view of the deficiency of this table to the improving quality of the technical papers be- reach any conclusion on whether production in ing published in the region. Within the past few 1951 and 1962 was more or less than the produc- years, certain institutions have been re-estab- tion in previous years. The main impression of lished and certain new institutions have been the available evidence is that there may have created as for instance, the Inland Fishery Insti- been a slight recession in total production. tute of Phnom-Penh, and the Dagatdagatan Salt- Prospects.-The prospects and the development water Experimental Fish Farm in the Philip- of the fisheries of the region which can be stated pines. In addition, action has been initiated for at this junrture, in some measures of confidence the creation of a fresh water institute at Penang, nay be summarized as follows: a Marine Institute in Singapore, and a fishery institute in Hong Kong. lnland Fisheries.-Improvements by conservation measures for the wild stock and heavily in- Many governments are devoting much atten- creased production by the use of stocking methods tion to the socio-economic problems of industries. especially in conjunction with paddy cultiva- Schemes of financial assistance in various forms tion. Considerably increased production in cer- have been developed in Bombay Province, Cey- tain areas by the adoption and extension of fish lon, Singapore and elsewhere. Schemes for the culture practices in fresh and brackish waters. promotion of cooperatives have been undertaken In various parts of the regions and schemes for Xarine Fiskevies.--In some areas, improve- improvement of the facilities for education and ment in the quality of the yield by introduction for health for the fishing populations have Jso of conservational measures and in other cases the becn developed. Practical schemes for improv- quantity will be increased by extended operations. ing harbour facilities, the roads used by fisher- In the pelagic neritic, improvement by stabiliza- men for transporting their catch, and to give tion of yield from increased knowledge of the safety at sea, have been developed in certain stocks. In the demersal, direct increase in pro- places. duction by extension and intensification of operations which will be accomplished by mechani- Without exception, the administrators of the region have become keenly interested in the de- zation of craft and gear. It must be assumed , that the increase is also likely in this zone by the velopment of a statistical programme and the adoption of methods of fishing in mid waters. response to the invitation to participate in the In offshore .waters, important increment to the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Statistic Training Ce11tei.s catch by the development of new fisheries to ex- was unanimous among the governments of the ploit resources which at present are neglected. region. Most countries of the region have projects of GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES econonlic development of the indust; ies. Many of these projects relate to mechanization of fish- It is extremely encoulsaging to observe that lng operations, but projects for improvement of goveinments of the area without exception are harbour facilities, for the development of fish actively developing fishery programmes. Such culture, and for the dissemination of tecllnical developments a1.e being based on the expansion instruction, have also been initiated. COUNCIL CORRESPONDENTS

T]lc Council at its Third (Madras) Meeting ,and recommeclded to Menlber Goverllnlents that considered a proposal from the Executive Corn- these should be provided. The following is a rnittee recorded tho view that it mas d?- list of Aaministrative and Bibliographic corres- sirai,!c that the Council should be provided with pondents as communicated to the Secretariat by ~&~~i~istrativeand Bibliographic Correspondents Member Governments.

COUNTRY Administrative Cowespondent Bibliogmphic Cowespoadent

Secretary, Dept. of Ert. Affairs, Mrs. L. M. Willings, Cronulla Canberra (through Dept. of External Affairs.) Secretary to Govt., Union of Bur- Officer-in-charge, Fisheries Bu- ma, Ministry of Agriculture and reau, Rang~on Forest, Rangoon Monsieur Dom Saveun, Phnom- Direction des Eaux et Forets du Penh Cambodge (Section Recherche Piacicole du PetitTakee, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.) Ccylun Mr. E.R.A. de Zylva, Colombo Mr. E. R. A. de Zylsa, Colombo Fmncc Monsieur R. Serene, Nha-Trang Mon. R. Serene, Nha-Trang Jnpnn Mr. Y. Hasegawa Mr. K. Kuronuma Korea Mr. Chee Choul Keun, Pusan Mr. Nam Sang Kyu, Pusan India Dr. B. N. Chopra, New Delhi Dr. S. L. Hora, Calcutta Intlunesio Mr. G. M. Charidjie Kasuma, Mr. A. Jansen, Djakarta Djakarta Netherlfmds Ir. A. Perk, Hollandia Ir. A. Perk, Hollandia (for New Guineu) I'dcish7b UY. M. R. Qu~eshi,Karachi Dr. H. K. Bhatti, Lahore I'l~.ilippincs Mr. C. Martin, Manila Mr. H. R. Montalban, Manila Tk (~ilfi~d. Mr. Boon Indrambarya, Bangkok Mr. Boon Indrambarya, Bangkok

U. h'. (for Vcderatwn uf Mr. T. I". Brenchley, Singapore Mr. D. W. Le Mare, Penang Maluya, Singapore, N. Borneo & Sarawalc) ; (Fur Hong Kong) Director of Agriculture, Fisheries Director of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests, Hongkong. and Forests, Hong Kong. U. S. A. Mr. 0. E. Eette, Honolulu Mr. 0. E. Sette, Honolulu. Vielxcru Monsieur Le-Huu-Ky, Saigon Monsieur Tran Van Tri, S,aigo:on

The Exccuiive Committee assumes, in the ab- and until a change should be coinmunicatod to sence of directions of Member Governments to ths Secretariat. Where present correspondents the contrary, that the nominations already re- have been transferred or for other reasons are ceived of Administrative and Eibliographic Cor- no longer able to act, Membey Governments are respondents are of a permanent nature unlets requested to nominate suitable replacements. PKOPOSAL FOR THE AMENDMENT OF THE COUNCIL'S AGREEMENT

At its Third (Madras) Meeting, the Council and insert after the wod 'Vice-Chaimnan' tl~e adopted Resolution number 22.1 (1) amending the words 'and the immediately retired Chairnum'." constitution of its Executive Committee by the addition of the immediately retired Chairman. This proposal was incorporated in the Provi- This Resolution did not in itself extend the finan- sional Agenda of the Fourth (Quewn City) Meet- ing, as circulated to Member Governments on 12th cial undertaking of the Food and Agriculture Organization to include cost of travel of the im- September, 1952, and the Director-General of the mediately retired Chairman when performing Organization was informed of this proposal, in Council work between Meetings, and it has been acordance with provision of Section XV of the suggested that this purpose might be accom- Council's Rules of Procedure, on the same date. plished by amending Article VI, paragraph 2 The Executive Committee draws the attention of the Agreement. of the Council to the provision of Article VII of The Government of the Republic of the Phil- its Agreement, whereby proposals for the Amend- ippines has communicated to the Secretariat a ment of the Agreement require the approval of a proposal for the amendment of the above men- two-thirds majority of all the Members of the tioned Article in the following terms: Council and that in addition the approval of the Director General of the Food and Agriculture "That paragraph 2, Al%icle VI of the Council's Organization of the United Nations is required Agreement be amended as follows: wltere such amendments to the Agreement extend "Replace the word 'and' between the words the powers of the Council to incur expenses to 'Chairman' and 'vice-~liai&n' by a comma be borne by that Organization. APPENDIX 2 STUDY BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CONDUCT OF ITS WORK

The Council at its Fourth Meeting at Quezon dealing with fisheries management including bio- city, Republic of the Philippines, reviewed at logical and oceanographical research and the length the reports submitted by the Executive maintenance of adequate fisheries statistics. The Colllnlittee and by the two Technical Committees, importance of these items are fully realized by including those of the Sub-Committees, and gave experimental fisheries workers but to a much les- special attention to that part of the Executive ser extent by some fisheries administrators. Committee's Report which summarizes the Coun- In considering the functioning of the Cornmit- cil's constitutional I-esponsibilities and poses a tees and Sub-committees during the course of of questions regarding their effective dis- the Meetings, attention was drawn to the fact charge, which were summarized as follows : that the only documentation available at the (1) What procedures should be employed to Meetings for obtaining basic information as to improve the identification and analysis of prob- programmes, problems and methodology are the lems. technical papers presented to the Council and therefore the bulk of the published information (2) What methods should continue to hold a place on the Council's worksheet and what rela- upon the fisheries of the region is not available tive importance should be allotted to each. for use during CounciI sessions. It was therefore proposed that, if alternate Meetings could (3) What type and extent of work should be be held at the Secretariat headquarters, a larger expected of the Council's Committees (a) by cor- proportion of the basic published matter would respondence, (b) by meetings during the Council be immediately available and it was proposed meeting, (c) by special meetings. to investigate this possibility more thoroughly at (4) To what extent the Council should seek to the Council's Fifth Meeting to take piace in ang- have special technical personnel assigned to work kok in January, 1954. Certainly it should be full time for extended periods on international possible to have available at the Regional Office, aspects of the work and by what means and properly classified, most of the technical papers, through what agencies should such personnel be contributed publications and reprlnts available employed. on a particular subject in the Indo-Pacific re- The work of the Council to date has been con- gion, including Government reports and other cerned chiefly with defining fisheries problems for relevant documents. the improvement, development, and administra- Therefore, as an example, and acting on the tion of the fisheries of the Indo-Pacific Region. assumption that the Technical Committees have Much information has been collected, compiled been almost entirely dependent for their work and summarized in various types of reports. The at the meetings upon the IPFC technical papers question arises as to whether the work to date available to them, it was considered desirable to has contributed or will contribute in the imme- make an analysis of all the papers which have diate future to an increase in fisheries produc- been received by Technical Committee I at the tion which is the primary concern of most mem- four Meetings of the IPFC. ber governments. There is the additional ques- In making this analysis, the functions of the tion whether bctter utilization of the catch has Council as set out in Article I11 of the Agree- been or can be accomplished in the near future ment were used as criteria for the classification by improvements in processing, handling and dis- of the subject matter of these technical papers: tribution of fisheries products. Both of these ac- tions, i.e. increasing production and improvements a. To formulate the oceanographical, biological in processing and marketing are directly inter- and other technical aspects of the problems of related with the welfare of the operatives in all development and proper utilization of living aqua- phases of the fishery industries but especially tic resources; with that of the fishermen. b. To encourage and coordinate research and Along with these practical aspects of the Coun- the application of improved methods in eveiy- ~11'sinterest are the equally important activities day practice ; c. To assemble, publish or otherwise dissemi- It is possible to have combinations of these nate oceanographical, biological and other tech- types, for example, D. M. sufk indicates a Pa- nical inf(>i-inatiar-relating to li~ringaquatic re- per in which both the dmcriptive and methodolo- sources ; gical aspects are considered. d. To recommend to member Governments such In this manner, a table ,was show- national or cooperative research and development ing a subject and type analysis of all papers projects as may appear necessary or desirable to that have received consideration by ~echnical fill gaps in such knowled=; Committee I since the Singapore meeting. There e. To undertake where appropriate, coopera- have naturally been occasional difficulties in as- tive research and development projects directed signing papers to a particular type, but for the to this end; most part a decision has been possible in respect of all the papers that have been considered by f. To propose, and where necessary to adopt Technical Committee I. measures to bring about the standardization of Table I1 lists the subject and type analysis scientific equipment, techniques and nomencla- arranged according to the country of origin of ture; the author. g. To extend its good offices in assisting Mem- Table I showed quite clearly that some 80% ber Governments to secure essential material and of the papers received to date, and considered equipment ; by Technical Committee I are descriptive only. h. To report upon such questions relating to Moreover, whilst only 50% of the papers at the oceanographical, biological and other technical Singapore meeting were descriptive, the whole problems as may be recommended to it by mem- of the papers at the Madras and about 80% of ber Governments or by the Food and Agriculture the papers at this present meeting fa11 within Organization of the United Nations and other the category. Table I1 demonstrated that about international, national or privste organizations, 80% of the papers to date have been contributed with related interests; by only a few countries, namely India, Indonesia, i. To report annually to the Conference of the Philippines, United Kingdom, and Australia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Whiht these descriptive contributions are ne- Nations upon its activities, for the information cessary and desirable, it is an unhealthy sign that of the Conference; and to make such other re- the more advanced papers concerned with the reports to the Food and Agriculture organization viewing and formulating of problems have not of the United Nations on matters falling within reached a higher percentage in the Council's tech- the competence of the Council as may seem to it nical papers. Moreover, it seems necessary to necessary and desirable. request descriptive papers from those countries It was felt that .an analysis into the following which as indicated in Table 11, have so far given four types of papers and their combinations no basic data to Technical Committee I for its would enable the working group to ascertain primary and therefore most essential task, i.e., which papers had contributed ,to the functions the surveying of the programmes in hand, con- of the Council. templated 01- desiyed for its pe~ticularsubject division. a. Those papers which simply describe the phenomena in a region without much reference to In order that Technical Committees may con- methodology, review of the subject, or formula- tribute more efficiently to the functions of the Council as listed previously, it is felt that: tion of problem for investigation. These have been marked with the suffix D; (1) A more efficient and complete documentation of all Indo-Pacific fisheries research material b. Those Papers which detail the methods em- should be availzble for the use of Technical Com- ployed in a particular line of investigation. These have been given the suffix PI; mittees during some (at least) Council sessions; (2) On the basis of Table XI, member countries C. Those papers which attempt to revie\\- the which to date have not furnished Technical pa- work in a particular field but do not formulate pers of a descriptive nature should be encouraged local problcn~s. These have been marked wirh to do so at future meetings. the suffix M; Those countries from which desc~iptirepapers d. Those paper which review the data avail- haw been received in sufficient volume should able and formulate problelns for future investi- be asked to give consideration to methodological getio:~.. Tiles* ]?a;-e been given the suffix F; review or formulation papers. the Council's functions; (6) In a similar manner, it should be requested (c) Those meetmgs which are held away from that technical papers intended for consideration the Regional Office are designed primarily at the Council's Meetings be prepared and sub- to assist th- Council in its functioning mitted, if possible, two (2) months before the under items d to i. Meeting since the deadiines for the submission Committee work can be mow effective if: of papers have in the past seldom been adhered (a) Each committee and sub-committee consid- to. The Secretariat will study the feasibility of ers that its work is continuous-not merely making such papers available in printed form at a task occurring just prwr to a meeting, the Meetings. (b) committee and sub-committee chai~men (7) The meetings held in host countries should commence action on recommendations im- be so programmed that the fullest possible at- mediately following the meeting, tention may be given to extension and encourage- (c) and the Secretariat pisovide each commit- ment functions of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Coun- tee with an outline of recommended work cil. To expedite this: at the close of each meeting. (a) The host country should be asked to pre- It was therefore ~ecommendedthat: pare and circulate in advance of the meet- (1) The future meetings of the Indo-Pacific ing, adequate documentation of its fisher- Fisheries Council should alternate between the ies programme, technical needs, and to pre- Secretariat Headquarters of the Council and a pare a note on major problems upon which host country including Thailand. the advice and assistance of the Indo-Pa- cific Fisheries CounciJ ,is sought.,' (2) Prior to t-he next meeting at Bangkok, the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council's Secretary should (b) The Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council during give special attention to simplifying the docu- such a meeting should give priority and mentation in order to ?educe the cost of meet- every possible attention to the research, ings and lo permit morc time for presentation technical and developmental needs of the of the results of work. It 1s anticipated that host country. the Secretariat's files and library will be of (c) Sufficient time should be made available great help to delegates and these should be made at such meetinga for full discussion be- available as needed. It should be accepted as tween the technical experts of the Indo- regular practice for the Executive Committee Pacific Fisheries Council and the local fish- and Committee Chairmen to meet a few days in ery workers. advance of the regular meeting in order to better plan the meeting. Full consideration of the (4) Any excursion programme planned by the best ways of providing complete documentation host government should give priority to at the Bangkok meeting bhould be given full con- excursions which would enable the Indo- &deration at the 5th I.P.F.C. meeting. Pacific Fisheries Council to develop per- (3) The Council should. request that at all sonal and intimate knowledge of the host meetings the number of official receptions should country's fisheries problems. be held to a minimum. (8) The meetings held at the Secretariat Head- (4) All working papers on policy matters, such quarters should be so programmed as to facili- as executive report, secretariat, financial, sug- tate the executive functioning of the Council, geated budget, amendments to Agreement or particularly those detailed in (a), (b) and (c) of Rules of Procedure should be provrded Member Article I11 of the Agreement. Governments at least two (2) months before the meeting so that delegations may obtain proper (9) The Secretariat should advise committee instructions, and provisional items on the Agenda and sub-committee chairmen of the Council's may be considered and drafted more expeditiously. plans for work at the close of each meeting. TECHNICAL PAPERS SUBMITTED TO I.P.F.C. %descriptive only; %review papers; M-methodology papgrs; F-fornulation of pelems for study.

TABLE 1 GGzi P-- BIOLOQS (Shell- H- I CWCa I' TOTU TON fish & -4 rustacer

Singapore ... 1.M l.D

Cronulla .... 2.D 12.D l.M Madras ..... 2.D 14.D

Manila ...... 2.D - 2.D-M

Total ..... 6.D 2.M 27.D 2.D-M-

TABLE 2

SEA- em- TOTAL TON WEED - Australia 9.D ... l.M

Buyma ...... - Cambodia ... 4.D 1.M Ceylon ...... - China ...... 1.D-M France ..... - India ...... 31.D 2.M Indonesia ... 10.D Japan ...... - Korea ...... l.D Netherlands . - Pakistan .... 4.D 1.R Philippines . . 16.D l.D-M Thailand .... g:J& ...... l.D ...... 8.D Vietnam 2.D-M .... 1.D -1-D-F APPENDIX 3 REPORT OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEE I FOR 1951-52

This report is compiied under various sub-head- date and the difficulties involved in the prepara- ings in each of which the particular asignment tion of an atlas of surface temperatu~esand sa- from the hfadras meeting is given together with linities. The Chairman of Technical Committee a summary of the wor!r to date, and of any spe- I, in a letter dated 19/5/52, IPFC/C52/14-A Ap- cific recommendations that arise out of the Sub- pendix I suggested that the preparation of an committee's report and which should be assigned atlas be temporariiy shelved and that only re- to the future Technical Committee I for consid- neoed lists of temperatures per standard square eration and possible action. be compiled and distributed by the Secretariat Gene:ally Technical Committee I has accom- of the I.P.F.C. phshed much in the interval since the Madras At the third Executive Committee Meeting, the meeting, but it is the view of the Chairman that following aspects of the problem were listed: u. definite limit must be placed upon the type (a) The procurement of co-operation from of technical work which can be successfully or- commercial lines to provide an adequate ganized by correspondence. The success of the frame-work of sampling. 1952 Hilsa Meet~ngat Calcutta is indeed proof (b) The encouragement of Member. Govern- of the results to be obtained by personal exchange ments to set up the laboratory facilities for of ideas and results in a particular technical the analytical work. field. In view of thls the Chairman feels that the time is ripe for an investigation of the possi- (c) The standardization of field collection ap- bility of attaching technical staff to the I.P.F.C. paratus and method. Secretaiiat. This matter will probably be much (d) The compilation, tabulation, and mapping discussed in the full Council sessions, but it is of results. given here as a personal recommendation of the (e) The publication of regular charts. Chai~manof Technical Committee I. The Vice Chairman of the Executive Commit- HYDROLOGYSUB-COMMITTEE tee was asked to accept responsibility for (a) This Sub-Committee was requested at the Ma- and (b), whilst the Chairman of Technical Com- dras Meeting to: mittee I was asked to give thought to (c). Those (1) Propose measures for the compilution and items covered by (d) and (e) were Ieft in abe- tabulation of surface femperature and salinitg yance for the present. datu and thei~rlisl)lag in atlas form. In his Ietter of 9/6/52 to the Secretary, The Sub-Committee has received information I.P.F.C., the Chairman of Technical Committee from practically all Member Countries legarding I also makes certain recommendations regard- the collection of surface temperatures and salini- ing the collection and analysis of surface water ties. The publication by P. Ch. Veen, "Surface samples. Salinities in the Indonesian Archipelago and Ad- (2) Recumend lo Member Governmer~ts that jacent Waters", O.S.P. Publication 33, 1051, could they should initiate or develop hydro-biological in- serve as a stimulation to other countries to make vestigations of estuurtne and neritic waters. ,,.. greater use of commercial ships for similar col- The Sub-Committee has been informed of these lections. At the Quezon City Meeting, a paper investigations in Japan. India has referred the by Robmson, Tong and Than1 Ah Kow, "A Study matter to a National Committee. The U.S.A. of Drift in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore has assigned priority to its deep sea investiga- Straits from Salinity Detern~mation in these tions in the area, and cannot, therefore, under- Waters" will be presented and will apprise the take any such work. A paper by Tham Ah Kow, Councd of the study of surface salinity in the "Surnmaxy of n Preliminary Study of the Phy- Malayan waters. The Chairman has also re- sical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of ceived copies of surface temperature data col- Singapore Straits," will be presented at the Que- lected in North Borneo. zon City Meeting, and will detail the methodology The report of the Chairman of this Sub-Com- and the results to date of studies in Malayan ne- mittee, IPFC/C52/14-A reviews the efforts to ritic waters. Although it has not been possible to proceed assisted as much as possible by technical advice with the compilation and presentation of the sur- from the Hilsa Sub-Committee. However, a gen- face salinity-temperature data in the form of eral recommendation from Technical Committee an atlas, considerable surface information is now I urging Member Governments to play as active in the hands of the Secretariat. TechnicaI Com- a part in the implementation of these recom- mittee I, therefore, recommends that the prepa- mendations as possible is suggested. ration of renewed lists of surface temperature and saIinity per standard square be proceeded TUNASUB-COMMITTEE with forthwith. There is, however, urgent need At the Madras Meeting, this Sub-committee for standardization of the method of collection was assigned the fobwing task: and analysis of such sea samples. Technical Compilation of morphome& data of Irwlo-Pa- Committee I, therefore, requests the member cijk turn populations, especially of those around countries carrying out marine studies to accept India and Ceylon. the recommendations contained in the Chairman's In the full report of this Sub-Commitee, IPFC/ letter and that the Secretariat be requested to fa- C52/14-C, there is tabulated the available mor- cilitate, if possible, the procurement of the neces- phometric data for the whole IPFC area. sary specialized glassware and other equipment. Although not listed in the report, morphometric data on tunas of Ceylon have also been made HILSA SUB-COMMITTEE available for use by this Sub-Committee. The The following tasks were assigned to this Sub- Chairman of this Sub-Committee, however, feels Committee at the Madras Meeting: that there are still some morphometric data which (1) Preparatirm of bibliography on the Hilaa have not been published in his report and makes fishery of Burnm, India, and Pakistan. certain suggestions regarding them. Mr. S. Jones of the Central Inland Fisheries Technical Committee I therefore strongly urges Research Station, Barrackpore, has undertaken Member countries of IPFC to fully inform the this task. The bibliography has now been pub- Tuna Sub-Committee of any such data and to lished in the Journal of the Zoological Society assist the work of the Sub-Committee in any way of India. possible. (2) Development of a programnu fw the investigation of the racial composition of the Hilsa This Sub-Committee was requested at the Ma. stocks. dras Meeting to: Based upon discussions at the Third Meeting, Compile the information received from Member and subsequent approval by the I.P.F.C. Execu- Countl.ies regarding their marine, brackish, or tive Committee, a document, entitled "Proposal freshwater planktological progrmmes, and on for the investigation of the Hilsa stocks of In- the basis of the study thus made, to formulate dia, Pakistan, and Burma," was drawn up by further proposals for the consideration of the the Secretariat and is appended to the Sub-Com- Council at its next meeting. mittee Report. This comprehensive and practical In the report of the Chairman of this Sub-Com- approach to the problems involved was considered mittee, it is to be noted that Pla&tology is di- at a later meeting of the Hilsa Sub-Committee, vided into inland water and seawater sections. and certain priorities agreed to. This division is one which exists in practice in the IPFC area, and different sampling methods In IPFC/C52/14-B, the full report of the Hil- have developed for these two aquatic regions. For sa Meeting, held in Calcutta from September inland waters, the methods of J. Blache seem 4-7, is given. This meeting was a most import- to be supported by a majority of the members ant one, not only for the Member Governments of the Sub-Committee. For sea waters, the concerned, but also as a demonstration to the methods followed in neritic water studies of In- 1.P.F.C. of the value and practicability of sub- area regional meetings. The enthusiasm dis- dia, Malaya, and Australia, whilst differing played and the standard of contributions augur siightly in practical details, could be used as well for the future success of this Sub-corn- examples of sampling procedures in the sea water mittee's activities. It is regrettable, however, region. In his report, however, the Chairman is that Burma could not be represented at this unable to make any reccommendation based upon the views of his Sub-Committee regarciing the Meeting. sampling procedure in sea water, and has asked The future application of the recommendations che Chainnan of Technical Committee I to pre- contained in these documents is now the respon- pare a recommendation for consideration at the sibility of the Member Governments concerned, next I.P.F.C. meeting. However, it is necessaly for the method of Technical Con~mitteeI, therefore, recollllmmk plankton sampling to be so designed as to give that this Sub-Committee's resolution regarding a certain level of statistical significance to the the methods to be employed in freshwater re- plankton information obtained. It would seem search be accepted by the 1.P.F.C. Howel-er, it desirable, therefore, for the Biology Sub-Conl- is further recommended that statistical studies mittee, the Statistical Working Group, and the of the level of significance to be placed upon the Plankton Sub-committee to discuss ways and results of such methods undertaken. means of gaining knowledge of the statistical re- For marine waters, Technical Committee I re- liability of accepted methods of plankton sampl- commends that the methods contained in Dr. H. ing and, on the basis of such information, to Thompson's Singapore papers should be adopted. suggest the sampling procedures to be followed Further, it is recommended that the two ap- in a particular environment (cf. General BioIogy proaches suggested by the Chairma nof Techni- Sub-Committee report). Moreover, it is apparent cal Committee I be considered as practicable th$ the level of significance desired from plank- foims of plankton research for the IPFC marine ton sampling varies greatly with the use to which region. such data will be put. In- his report, the Chairman of this Sub-Conl- FISH-CULTTURF:SUB-COMMITTEE mittee has stressed the ecologic,d use of plank- With the appointment of Mr. Schuster to ton. He feels it necessary to have a quantitative F.A.O. Headquarters, Rome, this Sub-Committee description of the plankton at all size levels, and has lost the service of a most capable and enthu- to attempt to relate such data to a number of siastic worker. The full report of this Sub-Com- environmental characteristics, e.g., temperature, mittee, which has been prepared by Dr. Job, is Secchi disc turbidity etc., which will be measured given in IPFC/C52/14 E. In this rep& it will at the same time as the field collections of plank- be noted that considerable progress has been ton are made. made in the SubCommittee's assignments from Whilst admirable in itself, this approach seems the Madras Meeting. a little unrealistic for the Indo-Pacific area, and it cannot attained, by force of circumstances, for (a) Survey of cdtivable waters.-Since the many parts of the region. Madras Meeting, information has been supplied from Cambodia, Formosa, Hong For the marine region, the Chairman of Tech- Kong, India, West Pakistan, and Thailand. nical Committee I suggested to Dr. Vaas, that Information is still requested from Bur- the objects of plankton investigations in the ma, China, Laos, Dntch New Guinea, Ko- I.P.F.C. area might be: rea, and Vietnam. (a) The identification of indicator species, A dissection of the data into freshwater which would enable a fishery biologist, in ponds, brackish-water ponds, natural lakes, the absence of hydrological data, to obtain artificial reservoirs, marshes, lagoons, and information on the movement of water rice fields, has shown that only about 5 per masses in his area. It was suggested that, cent of the total area of the countries is if surface plankton collection could be composed of definitely cultivable waters, of made in conjunction with the salinity- tem- which only a fraction appear to be undey perature observations envisaged by the Hy- fish culture. Much further data on the drology Sub-Committee, the necessary ma- hydro-biological characteristics of such terial for the specialists in the area t.~ waters will be necessary before any sig- make a selection of indicator species would nificance can be attached to any figures of be quickly accumulated. potentially productive inland waters. (b) The listing of the plankton organisms No specific recommendation from Tech- which are preferred ,as food by the princi- nical Committee I regarding this arrange- pal fishes of the area, and the concentya- ment can be given. tion of effort by the planktologist on the (b) Determination of the qualitg and quantity preparation of identification keys of these of fish food organisms in the different organisms. The study of such planktan types of waters with .reference to their organisms might then yield valuable sup- physico-chemical cor~ditionsand the vnruc- plementary information on the causes of tion thereof. fluctuations in abundance of the principal This problen~ has been referred to the food fishes. Plankton and Hydrology Sub-Conimittee, and any progress in these investigations Although work on weed control has been a)-e given in the reports of these Sub-Com- undertaken in the Philippines and India, mittees. results to date are only preliminary and real control measures have not yet been Biological studies, including : wosked out. As an interim measure, (3 ) Study of the feeding, breeding, ud therefore, the Sub-Committee has recom- growth of cultivable species. mendeil that the publication recently com- (2) Study of fish association and the de- piled by Dr. K. F. Vsas of the Laboratory termination of the optimum densities for Inland Fisheries at Bogor should be of compatible combinations of diffev- considered as a basic contribution for the ent age groups for stocleing operations. future handbook. In the future Technical In pursuance of these aims, it is to be Committee I recommends that the Fish noted the IPFC Special Publications NOS. Culture Sub-Committee should devote spe- 1 and 2, "Fish Culture in Brackish Water cial attention to the vexed problem of &or- Ponds in Java" and "Fish Culture in In- micidal or chemical control of obnoxious donesia," have appeared in print and des- aquatic plants. The Sub-Committee could cribe the practical and economic aspects perhaps seek information through FA0 upon which biological work in this field can from countries with well developed chemi- be developed. cal industries regarding such herbicidal A further extension of this series by the practices. publication at FA0 Headquarters of a Codification of information on the caves of "Handbook on Fish Culture" edited by Dr. populatwn, on the nature amd effect on Hora, will also be most welcome. There stock of the reported polbtion, and on any ieurgent need for the empirical practices action taken to implement a remedy for developed in pisculture in the IPFC region such effect. to seceive scientific appraisal and it is, Action on this recommendation is still therefore, reccommended by Technical in the survey stage, and no report is yet Committee I that an Inter-Committee possible. The Chairman of Technical Working Group to consist of representa- Committee I feels that work by the Sub- tives of the Plankton, Hydrology, Fish Cul- Committee has not yet proceeded beyond ture and General Biology Sub-committees the collecting and compilation phase and be formed to formulate proposals for such no recommendation is necessary. fundamental studies in pisciculture. The two comprehensive bibIiographies on SEAWEEDSUB-COMMITTEE Chanoa cultivation by Schuster, and on fish At the Madras Meeting, the following assign- farming in India by Pillay, are commen- mbnts were referred to the Sub-Committee: dable signs of scientific enthusiasm in this (1) Collection uf informtion on the critical field of IPFC work. The rapid develop- factor in tize manufwture of Alginic Acid and/or ment of the fish seed trade is a reminder Agar for dissemination to rrzembe~sof the Coun- of the urgent necessity of encouraging stu- cil. dies of the physiological reactions of f~y and fingerlings to the abnormal conditions As a lot of this information is in the nature in the transporting containers. The en- of industrial trade secrets, the only information couragement of physiological studies, such that can be supplied is that contained in scien- as those of Rasu, by the Secl.etariat is tific publications. A list of the Australian pu- thesefore to be commended. A report, blished material to date has been forwarded to Appendix (l), by Dr. Job on Fish Seed the IPFC Seci.etariat by the Bibliographic Cor- Conservation and distsihtion in the IPFC respondent. Presumably this has been done by area contains certaln practical recommen- the other Member Countries. dations regarding this subject and Tech- (2) Encozcrc~ge~nentof sludies by Member Gov- nical Committee I urges that these recom- ekm.ents on the economic genera Gracilnria axd mendation be given further consideratiolz Hypnea. by the new Fish Culture Sub-Commlttee. The Chairman of this Sub-Committee repo~ts Preparation of a Izrmdbook on the use of that Australian studies af Gmcilaria have prac- I?or?niciclul herbicides in the prevention of tically ceased, and there is little prospect of a the spread of vcwious noxious weeds in in- future continuation of the study. The return of land waters. Dr. Zaiieveld tcb Holland and the absence of information from other members of the Sub-Corn- Dr. Hardenberg has colhckd and deposited Inittee rendem it impossible for the Chairman of with the Secretariat lists of conlmon fish species this Sub-Committee to make a formal report to from the IPFC region. It is recommended by the Council. Technical Committee I that appropriate action be Teclmical Committee I has no specific recom- taken to transfer these lists into keys as soon as mendatrou concerning the activities of this Sub- possible. Con~rnitteeto place before the Quezon Crty meeting The Chairman of this Sub-Committee re- Gssx~nLBIOLOGY St:%-COXIXITTEE ports that unless more members are found, its The following assignment was given this Sub- functioning will he impossible. Committee at the Madras Meeting: To study the nutlcodologic~lproblems involved in the conduct of population Y tudies, having pur- This Sub-Committee at the Madras Meeting ticular at tention to the sampling programme to was asked to compile, study and report on the be ?ollowetl crnd the statistical techniques to be programmes of investigation dealing w~th: ewqloyed in the analysis of the data. (1) Rastrelliger kanagurta and related speices. No report has been recelved to date,' although (2) Sardinella spp. Dr.. Pannikkar. has advised the Secretariat of the (3) Other Clupeids and Anchovies. collection of data relating to (1) the statistical In the unavoidable absence of the rapporteur studies of fish populations, and (2) statistical of the Sub-Committee no report has been received variation in plankton catches. on the activitiev of the Cub-Committee.* It is felt that to avoid such an event occurring again, It 1s recommended by Technical Committee I the Sub-Committee reports should be in the hands that this Sub-Committee be requested to conti- of the Chairman of the Technical Committee at nue the collection of this very necessary statis- least one month before the Council meeting. tical data relating to fisheries methodology in the IPFC region. It is further requested that it collaborate with the Statistical Working Group and The following assignments were given this Sub- the Plankton Sub-Committee, in order to come Committee at the Madras Meeting: to a decision regarding the statistical signifi- (a) P~spnrationof field keys of local common cance to be attached to various methods of plank- fiyh species, for use by members of the ton collection. (See also the Plankton Sub-Com- IPFC. mittee's report.)

REPORTS OF SUl3.COMMITTEES TO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE I

REIJOETOF SUB-COMMITTEISON HYDROLOGY 'And ~uquests the IIydrologicnl Subcorr~rrlittae of Cwn. mittee I to propose Inensures for the compilatirm nr~d Le programme d'activitk du Sous-Comit6 pour tuhnl&tion of tho data mid their tiispfay in dfis forln. l'Ann6e 1951-52 6tait defini par deux resolutions "And diroclg Ihe Secrbtariat to asaist ?he Sub.Uu~nrtlil:ee du I11 Conseil a Madras. La premiere resolution in this work and to take such stops, fol. the dixsemina interesse le ressemblement cl'observations sur la t,~orl of tho nnalynml l.0billtt4, as might be possible:" salinitk et la temperature de l'eau de mer. L'Austmlie, l'lndonesie, les Philippines, et U.K. "iiavilip considered the report of l'et:l~oieul Cwrmit1w (Malaya) ont fait connaitre au secretariat leur I in rebpect uf its ini~ilu~nentationof the propmal, rnade programme de recherches hydrologiques. Les at the 2nd Meeting, in conliection with tho taking of U.S.A. ont 'signal6 que le progfamme de "U.S. amfacs suliuity observations, and the cm~~ldutiunof I'acifis Oceanic Fishery Investigations" comporte the dub8 thus obtained in an atlas, "And bolioving that the succesvlul development of this cles obse~vations1lyd~ogr.aphiyues dans le Pacifi- programurn would be of uxsiaUtnce to tho Fishery pro que Nord. L'U.K. a communiqud son programme arauulie of Dlelnbcr Governn~entq cle recolte d'observations sur les temperatures de "Reconnriends to Member Ciovenll~mnts tim yro~ra~it~nussurface dans le "North Borneo." L'Inde par let- of oollectii~g surface salinity and ton~peraUure 0bsei-v~- tions either be initiutod or, if in progrew be developed, tre gouvernementale N F19-21/5lFy a diffuse la aud that the results be tru~~smilteflregularly to the recommendation du Conseil a ses services na- Yearotftriut, tionaux. ------.- .. . - -.- -- .. --- -...... -- -. -. . .-. - . - .------" Since rweived during the Meeting. La deuxieme resolution charge le Secretariat de les U.S.A., le Japon, SIndonesie et les Philip- distribuer largement des copies de IPFC/C51/11 pines qui publient leurs observations. Le "North Borneo" semble seul s'etre ralIi6 a cette methode; 1'Institut Franco-Vietnamien de Nhatrang est "Recognizing the importance of estnarine and neritic pret a se joindre a cet effort. waters in the hlteries of the Indo-Pacific region, "Recommends to Member Governments that they shonld En resume l'Australie, I'Inde, I'Indonesie, le iritiate or develop hydro-biological investigation of these Japon, les Philippines, 1'U.K.. les U.S.A., la waters. France et le Vietnam ont contribuB aux travaux "And further, recommendsr to the attention of Member du Sous-Comit.6. Governments the simple methodology desoribed in Mr. Tham Ah Kow's paper 'Statement cm Marine Inveatiga- Un autre paragraphe de la premiere resolution tions in Malaya,' which might easily be adopted even demandait au Sous-Cornit6 de proposer des me- in countries with limited specialized staff and facilities." sures pour la compilation et la tabulation des r6- Le Secretariat a fait la distribution demand& sultats sous forme d'atlas et chargeait le Secre- de IPFC/C51/11. Le Japon, les Philippines, tariat de l'assister dans ce travail. Le secr6taire l'Australie, 1'Indonesie lui ont signal6 leur pro- en Avril 1951 a Djakarta et en Mai 1951 a De gramme de recherches hydrologiques dans les es- Bilt (Hollande), etudiait les possibiliGs de r6ali- tuaires et les eaux n6rBtiques. sation d'un plan de coordination dont il rendait L'Inde par lettre gouvernementale a diffus6 la compte par des lettres circulaires EXC0/51/6 recommendation du Conseil a ses services na- et 7 qui Btaient discut.6~a la 2e reunion du Co- tionaux. Les U.S.A. ont reconnu l'importance mite executif. La question devait etre reexamine des eaux des estuaires et des eaux nkQiques pour en Octobre a De Bilt par MM. Rochford et Se- ies pecheries de la Region Indo-Pacifique; mais rene. De son cot6 le Chai- avait diffuse une dans la partie de 1'Indo-Pacifique qui les inter- circulaire aux membres du ComiG. Les Philip- esse d'abord, ils jugent que les sessources de hau- pines ont rBpondu exactement au questionnaire, te mer doivent receivoir une plus grande impor- les autres membres du Sous-Cornit6 ont adress6 tance. des informations. Un paragraphe de la premiere recommenda- Au 3e Comite Executif le programme du Sous- tion demandait que les resultats des observations Comit6 hit Ionguement di.scut6, et il 6tait re- (data) soient transmis pegulierement au Secreta- connu qu'il devait eCre poursuivi don les gran- riat. L'Inde a transrnis des observations de tem- des lignes suivante. perature et salinit.6 de surface faites dans quel- a) the procurement of cooperation from com- ques centres cotiers des Indes. Le Royaume Uni mercial lines to provide an ,adequate frame- a transmis des observations de temperature de work of sampling; surface du "North Borneo." b) the encouragement of Member Governments Les U.S.A. dans leur important programme to set up the laboratory facilities for the oceangraphique du Pacifique equatorial rassem- analytical work; blent des observations sur les salinitBs et tem- c) the standardization of field collection ap peratures de surface, qu'ils publient. La pre- paratus and method; miere publication intitulge "Hid-Pacific Oceano- d) the compilation, tabulation and mapping of graphy January-March 1950" a paru cornme un results; "Special Scientific Report'' dans le Fisheries Re- e) the publication of regular charts. port No. 64 of Fish and Wildlife Service, en It was agreed that whilst it might be expected Juillet 1951. that at present about six countries, and perhaps Les Philippines dans la reponse au question- nine within the near future, might be able to naire du Chairman ont precis; participate in this work, it would be inadvisable Surf ace temperature : data unpublished ; under to attempt to delimit zones of interest (The six reduction countries referred to are: Australia, Indonesia, Surface salinity : idem. Philippines, Malaya, India and Vietnam; the Haute mer: Temperature et salinite de la sur- three additional ones; Ceylon, Hongkong, Thai- face a 400 metres de fond: Aucun resultat encore land). It was resolved that the Vice-chairman publie : "data under reduction". should take up the matter of developing plans Un des objectifs du Cornit6 est d'aider a la respect of a and b; that the Secretariat should diffusion des obsel~ationsque les Etats ne sont communicate with Mr. Rochford in respect of c. pas en mesuye de mettre em-menles en forme In respect of d and e it was recognized that the de publication; il interesse moins les pays comme quotation made by de Bilt put that possibility out of court; consideration was given to the possibi- graphical data of interest. This procedure will lity of havil~gthe work become a project for an enable the kretariat or member countries who- international institute. It was a180 propo~edthat evef ia charged with the responsibility to become perhaps the Council should simply give its tem- familiar with the clerical and statisticai proce- perature records to de Bilt (and ta any other duse for the checking, reduction, and tabulation compiling institutions which might be interested) of oceanographical data so that in the future, as and make local arrangements for the salinity re- the quantity and spatial distribution of such cords for the next five years or so during which oceanogrnphical data warrant, their presentation mimeograph analytical sheets might be issued. in the form of atlases will not be difficult. Le projet de cldation d'un Institut Interna- For the collection of sea surface temperatures tional d'oceanographie auquel le Coinit6 Execu- and salinity I would suggest that greater use tif s'est aiors attache depasse le cadre du Sous- be made of the convenience afforded by the con- Comit6 et sera expos6 par ailleurs au Conseil. tinuous pumping of sea water through the ships' Une vue d'ensemble des travaux du C.I.P.P. condensor intake. It should be a relatively sim- 1961-52 interemant l'hydrologie doit signaler la ple matter to interest the ships' engineers in the diffusion des : installation of a sensitive thermometer and a sampling tap on the condensor line. Certain pre- Ocasional Paper 5111-Dr. Rochford 1) cautions regarding the possible heating effect " 51/4-D r s. B a s Becking, of the engine mom and influence of stray ship Tubb, Kesteven temperatures on thermal data collected in this 3) " 52/4-FA0 Reg. Office )) " 62/7-Dr. Rochford fashion should be adopted. However, the greater ease and personal convenience of this method of La part prise par Mr.. Rochford aux travaux collection should lead to the collection of more du Comitb, bien qu'il den soit pas membre, doit yeliable and consistent data. etre particulierement signal&. For the storage of samples for salinity analysis, use should be made of some evaporation proof APPENDIX bottle. It is suggested that the standard bottle Dr. G. L. Kesteven, as sold by the Hydrographic Laboratory, Char- Secretary, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, lottelund, Denmark, should be universally adopt- Maliwan Mansion, ed. Failing this, screw ghss bottles with waxed Phra Atit Road, or plastic washers would be desirable. BANGKOK, THAILAND. In the shore laboratory it is imperative that a Dear Dr. Kesteven, standard analytical procedure be adopted. The Since i.eceiving your letter, ref. Fish 376, I following equipment should be available : have given some thought to the general proposal Knudsen bulb pattern burette-graduated regarding the collection and publication of sur- from 18 to 21 doppel ml. in 1/20-bulb ca- face salinity and temperature data by member pacity of 36 ml. countries of the I.P.F.C. Knudscn tap pipettes 15 ml. capacity. It appears to me that for some time the quan- Standard Copenhagen sea water or a locally tity of temperature data ,will be statistically in- prepared secondary standard. sufficient for the preparation of a general tem- Magnetic stirrer with plastic covered rotors. perature atlas of the area. Moreover, it ia pro- A titration cabinet in which the light condi- bable that the marginal areas will never have tion can be maintained constant and a yel- sufficient shipping coverage to render the propo- low light focused on the titration vessel. sal a practical possibility. In view of these limit- Knuclsen's hydrographical tables. ations, apart from the question of high costs involved in the K.N.M.I. quotation, I would sug- Items 1 and 2 can be imported from West Ger- gest that the idea of atlas presentation be tem- many as the best source, but recently they have porarily shelved and that renewed lists of temp- been manufactured in Australia. The approxi- erature per standard squares, averaged over a mite costs are as follows: sufficien.t period of time to eliminate any local Bzwettes : Germany 46 (stg.) . 01. random effects, be prepared by the I.P.F.C. Austarlian 87/10/- Secretariat and distributed to member countries. American $25. As the data become available, salinity figures Pipettes : Amencan $7.50. could also be added, as well as any othek oceano- Geiwany .£1/6/- (stg.) . Items 3 and 6 may obtained at low cost from States. However, very little authentic informa- Copenhagen. tion on the bionomics of the fish existed till 1938 Item 4 may be made from simple electrical when the Zoological Survey of India, during equipment and so lessens the fatigue and conse- a faunistic survey of the Palta Water Works quent loss of accuracy in the routine determina- near Calcutta accidentally became interested tion of salinity that its use is essential. in the problem. Based on the observations made Item 5 is also ,a desirable necessity in order in the settling tanks of the water works, it was to reduce errors in burette reading and the con- possible to locate the breeding grounds of the sistent detection of the same end point. fish, and with the aid of studies made in different It would be necessary also to adopt some stand- Hllsa fishing centres in East and West Bengals ard form of laboratory analytical sheet upon ,and Orissa Coast, postulate the general features of its biology. Several aspects of absorbing in- which analytical information would be entered so that cross checking of any doubtful results terest came to light during the these investigations and it was found that the Hilsa fishery is could be made prior to publication. subject to extreme fluctuations and the fishing Yours sincerely, intensity brought to bear upon the stocks is (D. ROCHFORD) . alarmingly high. It is now generally suspected Chairw~an,Zndo-Pacific Fisheries Council that the Hilsa resources in our rivers are fast Technical Committee Z. dwindling and the fishely as a whole is on the decline. The Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of €he The following three urgent assignments were United Nations at its third meeting at Madras in entrusted to the Hilsa Sub-Committee at the Ma- 1951 recognized the importance of Hih Fish- dras Meeting: eries to India, Pakistan and Burma and ap- 1) The preparation 'bf Bibliography of the pointed a Sub-Committee consisting of the repre- Hilsa. sentatives of these three countries to develop the 2) Compilation of all avaitable information on Council's interest in the subject. This Sub-Com- the Hilsa and the fishery that bears upon mittee met at Calcutta from the 4th to the 6th it. of September, 1952, to consider a Cosperative 3) Drawing up of a pvogmmme of 8tU.d.k~ on Programme of Research on Hilsa. At the in- the racial composition of the Hilsa stocks. stance of the Government of India, a symposium on Hilsa and its Fisheries was arranged in con- The preparation of a Bibliography of the Hilsa junctiowwith the meetings of this Sub-Committee. by Dr. S. Jones was completed some months ,ago Even though a final decision with regard to the and it has now been published by the Zoological holding of the symposium was taken rather late Society of India. Copies could be made available and the time available for making suitable ar- for the inspection of the Technical Committee I, rangements was only about a fortnight, the res- if desired. ponse from specialists was very encouraging. The symposium was held in three sessions, two on the SYMPOSIUM ON HILSA AND ITS FISHERIES 5th and one on the 6th September. Thirteen cen- The Symposium on "Hilsa Fisheries" held on tributions, dealing with various aspects of the the 5th and 6th September, 1952 at Calcutta in problem, were presented at these sessions ,and re- conjunction with the meeting of the Hilsa Sub- presentatives from East and West Pakistan, Bur- committee has brought together a consider,able ma, most of the States concerned in India, re- amount of information on the Hilsa and its fish- search workers and trainees of, the Central In- eries. The items discussed at the Symposium are land Fisheries Research Station in Barrackpore; summarized below. workers in the Zoological Survey of India; Di- The Hilsa [Hilsa ilisha (Ham.) 1, and the fish- rectorate of Fisheries, W. Bengal; the Zoology eries bearing upon it received the attention of Department of the Calcutta University and the fishery investigators in the latter part of the Fish Retailers Association in Calcutta attended nineteenth centu~y. Enquires were then mainly the Symposium and participated in the discus- directed towards an appraisal of the effects of sions dams, weirs an anicuts on its migratory movements. The Fisheries Departments in Madras FRESENT STATUS :- and Bengal conducted certain investigations to 'The most important fisheries for the Hilsa study the habits of the Hilsa and the possi- exist in East Bengal in Pakistan and West Ben- bilities cf artificially propagating them in these pal in India. Dr. Nazir Ahmad, Deputy Director of Fisheries, East Pakistan, 111 his contribution "Trends of Hilsa Prices in Calcutta Markets" de- on "Hilsa Flshery in East Rcngal" described in tailed the sources and quality of Hilsa supplies some detail the location of the fiaheries, fishing to Calcutta markets and the causes that have methods and production of Hiba in that area. contributed to the prevailing high prices. Lack He presented stattstical data of the local con- of adequate supplies and increase in demand are sumption and exports of fish from East Bengai the two main reasons that have influenced the during 1949-60 and 1950-51. This data showed prices. The transport and i~icidentalexpendi- that 1949 ,was, as was expected by some previous ture has gone up and due to an increase in the workers, a bumper year for the Hilsa, even number of retailers, who have to eke out a living though due to varlous reasons it was not very from the limited supplies they can secure, the noticeable in West Rengal. Another point of in- prices have naturally gone up. He indicated the terest brought to light by hlm was that the cur- presence of a five-year cycle in the prices of Hil- rent year is an exceptionally bad one for Hllsa sa, closely related to the five-year biological cycle in East Bengal, and the high prices in the C,al- discovered by the Bengal workers. Mr. G. N. cutta markets are largely due to the poor catches Mitra, Deputy Director of Fisheries, Orissa, re- obtained during the season. Preliminary surveys ferred to the system of marketing Hilsa from in East Bengal tend to indicate that the fishery Chilka Lake and the considerable increase in is fast declining. Mr. K. N. Das of the Central prices brought about by the numerous interme- Inland Fisheries Research Station, in this connec- diaries inwlved in the trade. tion polnted out the high efficiency and destruc- Mr. C. P. Varina, Fisheries Development Of- tive nature of the fishing gear employed In some ficer, Bihar, described the existing fisheries in of the I ivers m East Bengal. Rihar and presented estimates of production in Dx. S. L. Hora, I)irector, Zoological Survey of that State. He referred to the belief current in India, dealt w~thcertain new trends observed in Bihar that there is a four to five-year cycle in the Hilsa Fisheries of West Bengal. Large-scale the production of Hilsa, just as it has been found Hilsa fishing during the winter season, he felt, in Rengal waters. Reviewing the "Past, Present would have disastrous effects on the fisheries m and Future of Hilsa Fisheries in Nadras", Mr. the region as a whole. He was of the opinion P. I. Chacko, Assistant Director of Fisheries that ~f the Hilsa occurring In Eaat Bengal, West (Freshwater Rioiogy), Madxas, described how the Bengal and Orissa could be cons~deredto belong flourishing fisheries in the upper reaches of the to a single stock, it is probable that the West Godnvery, Krishna and Cauvery Rivers have been Eengal waters, where there was llttle Hilsa fish- ruined by the construction of anicuts. Attempts ing for a period of about three months as a result at resuscitating the rivers by the provision of of a religious injunction prohibiting the eating of fish passes or by artificial propagation have not Hilsa during that penod, served as a snncturay met with any success so far. At present, the for the specles during that part of the year. The fisheries are fairly stationary in the lower reaches occurrence of celta~nnew types of Hilsa in West of the rivers, but to maintain this, he considers Bengal .waters now 1s probably indicative of a sl- it necessary to regulate the fishing intensity on a tuation where the real Hilsa is losing ground in scientific basis. Dr. Rahimullah Qureshi, Di- these habitats. He also invited attention to the rector of Fisheries, Sind, and Deputy Fisheries intensification of fishing for Hilsa in the rivers Development Adviser to the Government of Pa- of this State due to the increase in the number lristan, in a contribution on the "Palla * of Siad" of fishermen brought about by the influx of dis- discussed the obstruction caused by the construc- placed persons from East Bengal. Dr. Hora, tion of the Lower Sind Barrage which would in another paper on the "Proverbs and Popular cut down by about half the extent of migration Sayings concerning H~lsaFlsh current in Bengal" of the fish. He mentioned that a fish pass has explained the scientific basis of these popular say- been constructed on thls barrage by the en- ings and proverbs. For example ,the saylng that gineeers without obtaining the advice of fishery enjoins every Hindu to desist fiom eating Hilsa experts, with the effect that the fish pass provid- from Bijoya Uasami to Sree Panchami, was ac- ed is of a type that is not likely to be negotiated tually an lndilect measure to pxotect the spent by Hilsa. The discussion at the symposiuni Hiisa that retuln to the sea and the swarms of tended to show that there are signs of depletion of the Hilsa stocks in all the areas investigated young ones that come up the rivers for feeding. and that the present position is beset with grave Mr. J. C. BISWAS,President of the Fish Re- itangers to this valuable natural resource com- tailers' Association, Calcutta, in a paper on the mon to the three countr~es concerned. .-. - . .. - -- --. . " IJal!n is the Yindhi liallle of the. Hil~fi611. RECENT RESEARCHES:-In a review of the pro- that it will be necessary to &dy large samples sess of Hilsa investigations since 1938, Dr. N. from a series of localities at different times of K. Panikkar, Chief Research Officer, Central Ma- the year to delimit the,stocks. He emphasized rine Fisheries Research Station, Mandapam, sum- the usefulness of regression and analysis of cova- marised the results of recent investigations. The riance techniques which have been employed in more important achievements have been the loca- this cbntribution for the first time in a study of tion of spawning grounds, study of the embryo- this type in India. In another paper on the nic and larval development, determination of the "Morphological and Serological Characters of feeding habits and the formulating of a general Hilsa with reference to Racial Investigations'' he concept of the migrations of the fish and fluc- detailed the magnitude of variations of the mor- tuations of its fisheries. No reliable methods phological characters of the Hooghly Hilsa and have so far been evolved to determine accurate- discussed the usefulness of the various characters ly the age and rate of growth of Hilsa in their in racial studies. He also showed the presence natural habitats. Dr. S. Jones, Research Officer of three blood groups among the Hooghly Hilsa (Estuarine), Central Inland Fisheries Research and expressed the opinion that the serological Station, Barrackpore, narrated the aims and characters may be of help in recognizing races achievements of the Hilsa Fishery Investigations of Hilsa and also in studying its migrations, Dr. at that station, which was started in 1947. The K. S. Misra of the Zoological Survey of India objects of the investigations are to (1) work out thought that the determination of the range of the life-history of the fish in detail, (2) deter- migration of Hilsa by taming will be the only mine the effect of the existing fishing conditions suitable means of determining the races. on the fish stocks, (3) find out causes of seasonal In the ensuing discussions, it was pointed out and periodical fluctuations of the fishery, (4) stu- that, though tagging was a useful aid, morphome- dy the migratory movements and the general tric studies were indispensable in such investiga- environmental conditions influencing the mi- tions. Mr. Y. R. Tripathi of the Central Idand grations and (6) assay the effect of dams Fisheries Research Station, Barrackpore, in a and anicuts obstructing the ascent of the note entitled "Some Observations on Parasites spawning Hilsa on the stocks. As a result of of Hiha" mentioned that distinctive parasitic fau- these investigations, the early developmental ns are found in Hilsa from certain localities and stages of Hilsa have been described and spawn- the study of parasitic fauna: might be of help ing grounds in certain localities detemined on the in distinguishing Hilsa stocks. Dr. B. S. Chau- basis of the collection of eggs md larvae. From han of the Zoological Survey of India did not observations of the Hilsa fisheries of Lake Chilka agree with this viewpoint and thought that such and the River Hooghly at Barrackpore it has been studies will have little value in investigations of inferred that temperature and floods have the this type. most profound effect on the migratory movements EFFECT OF DAMS, ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION:- of the fish. In the discussions that followed, Dr. The construction of dams, weirs or anicuts across Jones explained that these correlations need be the rivers in which the Hilsa migrate, has disas- considered at present only as causal ob~e~vations, trous effects on their fisheries. The range of and more detailed studies are necessary to es- migration is very much restricted and the, fish tabllsh these. congregate below these obstructions from where RACES OF HILSA:---T~~possibility of the occur- they are caught very easily and in large numbers rflnce of several races of Hilsa in our waters has by the fishermen. Dr. K. K. Nair of the Direct- been suggested by certain previous workers. orate of Fisheries, West Rengal, in a contribution Most of the participants in the symposium re- on "Dams and the Problem of Hilsa" reviewed fexed to the need for the elucidation of this as- the previous attempts to provide fish passes in pect in order to understand the biology of the Madras and Orissa and expressed the opinion fish and manage its fisheries. Mr. T. V. R. Pil- that it is probably not feasible to have a fish lay of the Hilsa Fish Enquiry, Indian Council pass for the Hilsa which is at the same time tech- of Medical Research, in a paper entitled "A Pre- nically efficient and econ~mi~callysound. He sug- liminary Biometric Stildy of Certain Hilsa Popu- gested two solutions to the problem. One is the lations" shoii-ed that an analysis of the available restriction of fishing in a specified stretch of the data has indicated the presence of three stocks river below the obstructions, if the fish is foulld of Hilsa in the region covered by East and West to breed there freely; and the other is artificial Bengals, Uttar Pradesh and the Orissa Coast. In propagation of the species for stocking the rivers the ensuing discussions Mr. Pillay pointed out to prevent depletion of the fisheries. Dr. H. S. Rao, Chief Research Officer, Central Inland Fish- this stage. There axe very strong indications to eries Research Station, Barrackpore, conside~ed show that Hilsa stocks cire being fished too hea- it worthwhiie to start experiments in devising a vily and an urgent need exists to assess whether suitable fish pass for Hilsa in the light of our the present scarclty is due to overfishing or is plesent day knowledge, instead of losing hope only due to the biological cycle, since this infos- because of the failures of early attempts. Dr. ination 1s a prerequisite to the promulgation of Cecil Miles, Secretary, Indo-Pacific Fisheries any management measures. Researches fat. a11 Council, poifited oat that the results of artificial appraisal of the Hiha fisheries were considered propagation of fishes in similar circumstances e~sentiaiand a research programme for this pur- have not been very encouraging so far, and =- pose should be undertaken i'vi a m~nimumof five plessed the opinion that the protection of a few years, which is believed to be the period of one brood fish will be much more useful than a num- biological cycle for the Hilsa. As regards fish be]. of hatcheriesl Dr. Mair invited attention to passes for Hilsa, it was recommended that re- the fact that aitificial propagation had been sup search should be undertaken to find out whether gested by him only as a last resort. Dr. Rao there is really a necessrty for fish passes in proposed that further studies on this aspect dams and weirs and if so what type of pass should be taken up, at least as an academic prob- should be provided. It was the opinion of the lem of some importance. house that though artificial propagation of Wilsa Mr. 1.'. Botke, Firjh Culturist of the Food and may be useful to the fish farmer, it has very lit- Agriculture Organization, incidentally raised the tle relatron to an overfishing problem, and so de- question of Hiisa Culture in brackish water serves only a low priority in a research pro- ponds. Dr. Rao suggested that probably flowing gramme. Culture of Hilsa in brackishwater water was necessary for the Ash to thrive in en- ponda, it was considered, might be feasible and closed waters. Mr. Plllay explalned that there experiments in this line will be worthwhile but is a cartah amount of flow in typical brackish at this stage do not deserve high priority. water bheries in Bengal which are filled up by S. L. HORA tide water. In such bheries there 1s a great de- Chair:nan mand on the benthic flora as the majority of the Hilsa Sub-Comntittc fishes in them consist of bottom feeding herbi- vores, ma only a part of the surface plankton is utilized. If Hilsa could be cultured in bheries, it might prove very useful from the point of view PROPOSAL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF of pond economy, as it is known to feed in the THE HILSA STOCKS OF INDIA, surface zones on copepods and diatoms. He also emphasized the importance of experiments in the PAKISTAN OF BURMA rearing of Hilsa in connection with artificial in- The Council, ,at its Third Meeting, adopted a fection of the fish for studying its role in main- rcsolution establishing a working group to containing Cholera endemicity, now being pursued sider the problems of the HiIsa fisheries of this by the Indian Council of Medical Research. region, and recommending action by Member RECOMMENDATIONS :-After the various prpers Governnients concerned. The Working Group, had bee~read and discussed, the Chaiiman, Dr. which, in default of nomination froin the Govern- S. L. Hora, formulated a questionnaire setting ment of Burma, has consisted only of the repre- out suggestions made for research or manage- sentatives from India and Pakistan, has ex- ment by the participants with a view to drawing changed correspondence and has proposed ,a basic up recornendations of the symposium for the con- plan of research concerning the species. The servation and judicious exploitation of the Hilsa present nwmorandum reviews these proposals and suggests a plan of action for the considera- fisheries. A very lively and useful discussion en- tion of Member Governments. sued and definite recommendations were made available to the Nilsa Sub-committee of the IPFC The Hilsa is a species of very considerable iin- to help them in the finalization of a Co-operative portance to the three count~ies,Indla, Pakistan Research Programme on Hilsa. The study of the and Burma; and is of greatest importance in the Hilsa stocks and their biology was considered in- river systems at the head of .the Bay of Bengal. dispensable and deserving of top priority. Tag- The species is highly prized and the catch is ging of Hilsa as an aid to racial studies was also great, although subject to fairly considerable fluc- considered to be of some importance, even though tuations. In addition to the economic importance the prospects of recovery are not very clear at of the catch, there is now the interest in the species arising out of the recent hypothesis that up during this season. It is not a breed- this fish plays a role in maintaining cholera en- ing phase but a feeding phase; demicity in India. The importance of early in- These swarms probably 'move upriver and vestigations of the species is therefore quite fatten as they go up and up, and mature clear. in the middle and higher reaches of the The species has distribution from the Persian river. The upward movement of Jatka is Gulf to Burma, but it is not yet known whether probably facilitated by the increase of vo- there is a single homogeneous species, or whether lume of water in the rivers due to the perhaps there ,are several races, or sub-species. melting of the snow in the Himalayas dur- Whilst it is most likely that the western popu- ing the spring and hot months. lations (of the Persian Gulf and of the Indus) This clearly leaves open the possibility of com- remain quite distinct from those of the Bay of munication between at least the stocks of the Bengal-in fact the reverse seems most improb- rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal even if it able--the status of the Bay of Bengal stocks should be unlikely that Cape Comorin should be cannot be considered with the same assurance. rounded by these fish . There is a possibility that each separate river It therefore seems logical that the primary stu- system has its own stock and even that each of dy should be biassed toward elucidation of the these is further fragmented into spawning or question of the degree of independence or inter- ecological groups. This possibility has consider- pendence of these stocks. able bearing on $he planning of the bionomic in- These investigations should follow the usual vestigation of the species, and the conclusions plan of (1) morphological description, (2) sys- reached in respect of it will have very great tematic sampling for biometrical analysis in rela- bearing on the plan of exploitation of the spe- tion to the morphology and bionomic status, (3) cies; the conduct of racial investigation is there- distributed studies including, where possible, tag- fore of first importance. The current hypothesis ging operations. Completion of these 'studies on the movements of Hilsa have been summa- should establish the limits of the distinct popula- rized by Pandit and Hora (1951) as follows: tiin units and the further: more profound studies (1) During the flood season, the adult Hilsa of population structure ar,d properties would mostly swarm up the rivers for breeding then be planned with regard for such results. purposes and move midwater. They The Working Group has outlined these studies probably breed in the lower reaches of as follows: the rivers. Some immature fish asso- Morphological and Anatomical Studies: The ciated with these swarms move up but first item of work under the programme will be to they probably breed much higher up next undertake a detailed study of the anatomy of year ; Hilsa. Specimens from the Hooghly, which is the The young fall back to the sea or estua- type locality of the species and the source of an rine areas and move near the bottom in important Hilsa fishery, could be utilised for this the Hooghly at Nawabgunge; their num- work. The study should include both external ber is highest in October-November and and internal characters during different stages the size smallest; and then the number of growth. The external characters would con- decreases and the size increases up to sist of the meristic features, body measurements February; and colouration. The body measurements of a large collection of Hilsa consisting of all availa- About the same time, from November to lable size groups should be obtained so as to ex- February, the young (the progeny of the press the relationships of the different parts of earlier breeders), which had migrated to the body in terms of regression equations and the sea during the flood season and have illustrated by means of graphs. From this it already grown to 7 to 9 inches, approxi- will be possible to .ascertain whether there is a mately at the rate of 1 inch per month, constant linear relationship between the different form a big fishery during this season; parts of the body and the total length of the fish In March and April, the young, known as and whether there is any allometric growth in Jatka. entei East Bengal waters in large the species. The method of analysis of data must swarms and form an important fishery. In be modified with reference to the results of this fact, the forecasting of the Hilsa fishery study. The length weight relationship of the (top during the flood season) depends upon species should be determined by the study of a the numbers of the Jatka fish that come sufficiently la~gecollection. After this study, certain characters which are meeting assignment could be made of the likely to be useful in racial diagnosis should be several parts of the programme, as fol- seiected. A tentative list of characters to be lows ; examined for samples is given below: the responsibility for the morphological Meristic: 1. Fin ray counts; 2. Vertebrae; 3. description, and for the formulation of the measurement system to be fallowed could Scale counts; 4. Scute counts; 6. Teeth counts; G. Counts of Gillrakers. be assigned to an officer who should there- after assure a principal role in this pso- Body Proportiom: 1. Total length; 2. Stand- gramme ; ard length; 3. Body length; 4. Head length; 5. on the baas of general information sub- Length of Caudal Preduncb; 6. Height of head; mitted at the meeting and with the aid 7. Height of body; 8, Least height of Caudal of research workers qualified in the sta- Peduncle; 9. Interorbital distance; 10. Diameter tistical aspects of fisheries biology, a pat- of eye. tern and regime of sampling for measure- Visceral: I. Form and Length of alimentary ments could be designed; each Govern- canal; 2. Number of pyloric caeca. ment ~woula accept responsibiIity for as- signing staff to undertake such sampling, Other Characters : I. Colouration; 2. Weight and the work would be commenced at the in relation to length. earliest opportunity; ZnCravpecific Variations: As a preliminary to each Gyernment would make every pos- finalising the sampling programme now to be sible effort to gather statistical data 011 attempted, a tentative measurement of the intra- this fishery-the inventory of its equip- specific variation of these characters should be ment and manpower, the operations and done. For this purpose small samples of, say the production; 30 specimens, should be collected from a series (5) arrangements would be made for uniform of localities and studied for the characters in- practice in the statistical reduction of the dicated above. This data should be analysed by data, and for its compilation and compari- the method of analysis of variance. The results son at a central point; would show which characters should be studied (6) arrangements- should be made for subse- in detail and the frequency and size of samples quent meetings of the Working Group and to be examined. of the research workers for the purpose Geographical Vwn'ations: Having thus firlalised of reviewing the results; the sampling programme, sampling work should consideration should be given to the reten- be carried out at different localities during dif- tion, at the joint cost of the Governments ferent seasons. The data should be treated se- concelned, of a senior research worker to parately for the sexes, seasons and locality. The participate in the field work in the three investigation on the biology of the species may countries, to be responsible fol: the submit- provide ce~~tainbiological features, such as the ting of proposals for the extension of the spawning season, migratory movements, growth programme. rate or other behaviour factors against which the REPORTFOR 1952 OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE data will. have to be statistically analysed. The ON TUNA analysis of variance and covariance may be a suitable technique for the purpose; and the re- At previous meetings of the Indo-Pacific Fish- sults of this analysis will serve to ascertain the eries Council during which the opportunities to identity of stocks of Hilsa in the area of investi- collaborate in the study of tuna were explored, gation. it was reported "that the most urgent and fundamental problem with the tunas and one of dis- The Working Group has proposed that the pli- tinctly international bearing is to determine whe- mary study, involving the three listed types of ther the population of each important tuna species wosk, should be undertaken by the Member Gov- is continuous and homogeneous throughout its er~mcntscwcerned, in a co-operative project range or whether each is composcd of a number of research. of independent or semi-independent units and if It would seem that this project should be so, the limits of each." At later conferences it planned along the following lines: was agreed to standardize the measurements used (1) the Working Group should meet, with re- in this study as defined by H. C. Godsil {A Pre- presentatives of each country, with the liminary Population Study of the Yellowfin Tuna object of planning the programme; at this and the Albacore. California Division of Fish AVAILABLE TUNA MOPHOMETRIC DATA

SPECIES

LOCALITY

Equatorial Pacific 120"W. Long...... 130°W. Long...... 14OoW. Long...... , 15O0W. Long...... Line Is...... Phoenix Is...... E. Marshall Is...... m W. Marshall Is.2 ...... E. Caroline Is...... C. Caroline Is...... W. Caroline Is...... Pacific Coast, U.S.2 ...... Hawaiian Is...... Society Is...... Marquesas Is...... Marianas ...... Philippine Is.3 ...... Japan ...... Australia ......

Australia 4 ......

'These are in addition to tho= included in a mannecript "Preliminnry report on a com~arisonof the stocks of Yello\~- $1; Tima." VupPlkd in part by Mr. J. C. Harr. a Supplied by Dr. D. Y. Villadolid. Reported by Dr. Thompson, Febauary 25, 1952. Sote:. All data except those reported from Australia are on file & the pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations in Honolulu. and Game, Fish Bulletin No. 70, 1948) and by John C. Marr and Milner B. Schaefer (Definitions of Body Dimensions Used in Dsecribing Tunas. 1BTRODIICTIOS;- U.S. Fish and Wildhfe Service Bulietin. 47,1949). At the last meeting it was reported that mar- The status of plankton invest~gationsis at varying levels in different countries primarily phometric ineasurements'on 2,783 specimens of 12 owing to lack of personnel and, in the case of tuna species from 10 different parts of the Indo- marine work, also on account of lack of vessels. Pacific region had been taken. Important progress has nevertheless been made Since the last meeting most of the available in many fields and those regions where circum- data on the yellowfin tuna, Neothunnz~smucrop- staxces do not as yet allow of greater progress tems, have been analyzed. The results are to be in thls type of work And themaelves at a distinct presented during these meetings. In ,addition at- disadvantage. tention is directed to the recent publication by H. In certain countries, considerable help is avail- C, Godsil and E. C. Greenwood "A Comparison of able from investigators other than fisheries the Populations of Yellowfin Tuna, Neothunnus workers, especialIy those engaged in research in macroptems, from the Eastern and Central Pa- pure science at musea and universities; never- cific." (California Fish Bulletin No. 82.) Both theless, it must be admitted that, with the limited of these studies indicate that the yellowfin po- number of woikers avallnble, most of whom have pulatlons are composed of independent or semi-in- to divide their time between plankton studies and dependent units. a number of other subjects, progress is of neces- In addition to these reports many additional sity slow. measurements have accumulated. The distribu- However, if it is taken into account that it is tion of these data among species and localities relatively easy to obtain new and interesting re- is given in the attached table. sults in the fields of taxonomy and ecology, when The analysis of 'these data involves a great deal investigating either marine or fresh waters in of labor. It is nearly completed for the big-eye the tropics, it is suggested that planktonologists tuna, Paratkunnus sibi, the albacore, Thunnus in the area might advantageously enlist the sup- germo, and the skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis, for port of their fellow scientists abroad, in order the data available to the Pacific Oceanic Fishery to organize an expedition to study those waters Investigations, but there remain numerous other which are economically important from the fish- data distributed among several organizations in eries standpoint. The important results achieved the Indo-Pacific area. In order to expedite the in Indonesia by the German Sunda Expedition comparison of these data the Committee makes may be cited as an example of the success which the following recommendations : is likely to attend such an enterprise. 1. That institutions with a substantial amount of morphometric material on which they plan ACTIVITIESOF TIiE SUB-COMMITTEE should proceed with the publication and inform The Chairman of the Sub-Committee canvassed the Tuna Sub-Committee of the materiaI availa- the views of the members on various subjects ble on each species and the probable date of the and propositions and in the course of time there publication. developed a fruitful correspondence with Messrs. 2. That institutions having a small amount Tham Ah Kow, Blache, Rabanal, Panikkar, Chi- of morphometric data should list it with the Tuna dambaram and Rochford. It is regretted that Sub-Committee and consider suggestions which some members did not reply. The following may the Tuna Sub-Committee may make to facilitate be regarded as the "communis opinio" of these compal.ison of the data with that collected by men. In the separate subjects dealth with, re- other organizations, ference will be made under the heading "Results 3. That institutions which may have ac- available" to the appendices attached to this re- cumulated large numbers of morphometric mea- port, and under the heading "Desiderata" re- surements but lack the facilities for accomplish- commendations for further work will be dis- ing the analysis might consider having the ana- cussed. lysis performed on IBM equipment. In Hawaii, this service costs about 35& per specimen having SUGGESTIONSWR FURTHERWORK OF THE 12 measurements. SUB-COMMITTEE 0. E. SETTE In view of the peat differences existing in Chairman the sampling techniques in marine and fresh- Sub-Committee on Tuna water environment and, moreover, of the different uses made of plankton data in both environments lated in the form of an annual supple- when interpreting them for fisheries purposes as ment to the above mentioned list. also the different requirements as regards basic knowledge on plankton of marine and inland fish- 11. Lists of Plankton Organisms in the Area. ery operations, it is suggested that the present 11-A. Available. Sub-committee be divided into two, one dealing a) An inventory of common organisms with marine and one with freshwater plankton. found in the sea off Singapore Straits The brackish, estuarine environment might come is being prepared by Tham Ah Kow. within the purview of both. It must be stated b) An inventory of organisms encountered that this recommendation is the private opinion so far in Indonesian inland waters is of the Chairman, formulated at a stage when being prepared by Vaas. there was not sufficient time to consult the other members regarding this item. c) An annotated inventory with many ecological details relevant from the view- RESULTSAVAILABLE AND DESIDERATAFOR FUTURE point of fisheries was published by J. WORK ON PLANKTONOLOGY:- Blache for Indo-China. A. GENERAL d) An annotated inventory of org,anisms encountered in Chanos ponds in Indo- I-A. Available Literature on Plankton in the nesia and elsewhere was published by Area. Vaas and Sachlan (vide Appendix I- a) Indonesia: A list of literature on the Vaas and Sachlan in Special Public,a- subject was given in the paper by J. tion No. 2. IPFC). S. Zaneveld, "A Review of three cen- turies of phycological work in Indone- 11-B. Desiderata as regards Plankton Lists sia (1650-1950)"-O.S.R. Publication 21, Bandung, 1950. a) The compilation of comprehensive an- b) Philippines: A list presented by H. R. notated lists of Indian marine and Rabanal will be presented to the meet- fresh-water plankters will be facili- ing. tated by the fact that many quantita- c) Indo-China: Two papers by J. Blache tive and qualitative studies on plank- are listed, the only ones available on ton are at present being carried on by Indo-China. Indian Fishery Institutes ,and Univer- sities. I-B. Desiderata as regards Literature. a) Lists of literature on plankton from b) It is desirable that similar work be undertaken for the remainder of the area. other parts of the area should be sent to the Chairman of the Sub-committee. c) Even-more urgently required than an- Mention has been made in correspond- notated lists, are the shorter ones, giv- ence of a list concerning India. This ing only those plankters which might list did not reach the Chairman in time serve as "indicator species" of certain to be incorporated in this report. environments; those which are import- At the Madras Meeting, the follow- ant constituents of the food chain of lowing proposal w,as adopted : certain fishes; and those which, for That the revised bibliography of Plankton in the Wet- other reasons (e.g. production qf no- ern Sector be completed by India as soon as poasible and circulnted in whalever nlanner may appear best and xious substances) make their presence most feasible to the Editorial Conunittee. specially noteworthy. Since this im- It is hoped that this bibliography plies a profound knowledge of the may soon be available. fishes involved, of their feeding habits and the technique of their cultivation b) When all the available literature is col- and capture, it is proposed to split this lected, it is proposed that the IPFC problem into a large number of specific Secretariat be approached with the re- ones, differing according to region and quest that the whole list be published fishing industry. For each single pro- and circulated wideIy among workers blem one worker would be chosen and in the area, who will be invited to con- before commencing their activity these tribute additional material. workers should agree upon the stand- c) The Sub-committee should continue to ards and criteria to be used. As a ten- collect material, which should be circu- tative suggestion-the final form to be decided at the Meeting-and as an results achieved by suclt methods in Cambo- example of the procedure envisaged, dia and elsewhere. the following names and subjects might be propased: As difficulties are anticipated in the operation of the Hardy recorder in silt-con- Freshwater Organisms from Cam- taming fresh waters, the methods of Van bodian Inland Waters- Blache. Oye are to be recommendecl. Here a me&- Organisms from Brackish Ponds- sured quantity of watel, taken by means Rabanal, Vaas. of a contairier from the surface, or by a Organisms from Australian Estua- sampler from deeper layers, is strained ries- Rochford, Thompson. through plankton silk and preserved in 5% neutral formalin with glycerine. 0.1 cc. is Freshwater Organisms from Indian examined under the microscope in various Ponds- Cayapati. ways and the results are expressed in a semi-quantitative way with the use of certain The lists mentioned should contain: index-numbers. Samples can also be taken Name and short characteristics of the with a pump. organism; its distribution in terms of space and time; it8 environmental re- 2. Description of the environment quirements; its chemical or physical The following determinations are sug- action on the environment; its place gested as a minimum programme; in the food-chain; bibliography; and a) Temperature of air, surface and at va- type locality. rious depths; diurnal and monthly va- Specialists to be consulted for Identifica- riations measured with a maximum- tion. minimum thermometer. b) Visibility as Secchi-disc reading. The The following list of specialists suggests limitations of this method are apparent, itself from the correspondence available but for field work in remote waters un- to the Sub-committee; der difficult circumstances no better me- a) Within the Area thod suggests itself. There is urgent need for an efficient method that can Dr. Subramanian -Marine Diatoms be used under field conditions. Dr. Prasad -Copepods c) pH, measured colourimetrically with mi- Mr. Nair -Fish eggs & larvae nimum accuracy of 0.5. Dr. G.T. Velasquez-Blue-green algae d) Alcalinity as 0.1 n HCL in 100 cc., b) Outside the Srea against methyl-orange or other suitable indicator. In recording this value the Prof. V. Brehm -Crustacea method used should always be clearly Prof. F. Ruttner -Zooplankton indicated. Dr.. Lindburg --Copepoda e) Salinity as Silver Nitrate. Knudsen (in Dr.Bergius -Rotifera brackish water). Dr. Angelier -Hydracarinae f) Oxygen as Winkler titration (surface Prof. Prescot -Desmids and deeper water). Miss Koster -Blue-green algae g) In addition to the ,above items, which Mr. van der Werf-Diatoms are to be determined in any case, the Dr. Bourrelly -Freshwater algae following should when possible be in- Dr. Zaneveld -Marine algae cluded; CO, (phenolphthaleine) , organic matter (KMnO,) , simplified B.O.D. Each of these specialists has already (when no incubator available, 24 hours worked on samples sent from tropical at environmental temperature), phos- waters, phates (Deniges-Atkins or perhaps Thy- volle, as suggested by Blache). B. RECOMNENDATIONSFOR INLAND WATERS 1. Sampling The methods advocated by J. Blache as 1. Sampling described and discussed by him in a sepa- As no suggestions were forthcoming in rate paper are advocated, in view of the the correspondence at hand regarding this item, the Sub-Committee is not able to com- tific approach to the subject has, however, been ment on this ,point. It is suggested that apparent in recent years, especially in India and this be made an item for next year and Indonesia, but ha1 solutions of the various pro- that Mr. Rochford be requested to draft blems of culture work have seldom been arrived a recommendation on the subject. at. This is partly due to the limitations of the Attention is drawn to the work of Tham methodologies adopted and partly due to the im- Ah Km on plankton off Singspore, sub- mensity and highly varied nature of the problems. mitted to the Meeting, and to the work still At this juncture when consider,able regional stu- in progress in India. dies are being undertaken in a number of Mem- ber Countries on isolated aspects of the problem, 2. Description of the Environment the greatest immediate need is for the collection The following standards are proposed : and collation of all existing information and the a) Temperature of air, surface, bottom up dissemination of (i) the established facts for to 50 fathoms, and beyond at 50-75-100- practical application by fish farmers and of (ii) 200 fathoms. matters requiring co-ordinated investigation by b) Photometer visibility the different fishery .workers in the Member c) pH, colourimetrically Countries. d) Knudsen salinity It is gratifying to report that the Council's e) Nitrates, phosphates pnd silicates Resolutions No. 20.3 (4), (5) and (6) on Fish- f) Force and direction of current. Culture and the associated aspects of Weed Con- It has been suggested that the chemical trol and Pollution have met with fairly active res- composition of plankton occurring in bulk ponse from some of the Member Countries as de- be determined as often as possible, in order tailed in the Intern Report (Mem. 14 of IPFC/ to judge its digestibility and food value. C51/EX3). The facilities of a chemical laboratory are Regarding the Survey of Cultivable Waters, essential for this purpose. since a systematic inland water survey record is Attention is drawn to the list recently an essential pre-requisite for organized aquicul- published by the Secretariat giving ad- ture, the Sub-Committee on Fish Culture has pur- dresses from which equipment for plank- sued the collection of data relating to the extent ton research equipment is procurrable. of cultivable waters in the Member Countries. One member of the Sub-Committee asked Because of the widely sc,attered and varying na- whether there is a prospect of obtaining ture of inland water masses and of the limita- financial aid for acquiring apparatus and tions of staff and facilities, the work has neces- the Meeting is requested to &ate its opinion sarily proceeded at a slow pace, and the figures in this respect. It is suggested, for in- obtained are only approximate. Additional instance, that those countries receiving aid formation has been gathered from Cambodia, from the American Technical Assistance Formosa, Hong Kong, India, West Pakistan and Programmes might apply for specialists Thailand. This, with the information already bringing their own equipment. available for British Borneo, Ceylon, Indonesia, K. F. Vaas Japan, Malaya, Australian New Guinea, East Pa- Head, Laboratory of the kistan, Philippines and Singapore, gives us a Idand Fisheries, Bogor. more or less appreciable picture (vide Appendix October 10, 1952. I, Table) of the cultivable w,aters in the Indo- REPORTOF THE SUB-COMMITTEE Pacific area, though the figures for Burma, China, ON FISH-CULTURE Laos, Dutch. New Guinea, Korea and Vietbam (to September 23rd. 1952) are stiIl lacking. Replies from the Chiefs of the Central Fisheries Inspection Station, Korea, and The productivity of the tropical and sub-tro- of the Fisheries Bureau, Vietnam are awaited. pica1 inland waters in this arw is genel-ally high The available data under the different heads as is revealed by the yield per unit area of such such as fresh-water ponds, brackish-water ponds, waters in China, India, Indonesia etc. There is natural lakes, artificial reservoirs, marshes, la- indeed an awakening to the farming of waters goons, rice fields, etc. however indicate that in most of these countries. While fish farming about five per. cent of the total area of has been traditional in certain parts of China, the countries is composed of definitely cultivable India and Pakistan, the present methods of fish xvaters, of which only a fraction appears to be farming in these as well as other countries like under fish culture. This does not include the vast Indonesia are largely empirical. A more scien- stretches of open inland waters like estuaries and rivers which constitute a major proportion of in- The Chairman has furnished to lndia the de- land water sheets. The data themselves are far tails with sketches af a rmnodelled can for the from final, and considerable areas still remain transport of fry and fingerlings. to be surveyed. It is also necessary to gather Fish seed trade is fast developing, especially in the statistics of different of waters according to India, Singapore and Hong Kong. The large their durations, depths, source of water supply amounts, of spawn, fly and fingerlings trans? etc. Interest in water survey work has, of late, ported by the Fish Seed Syndicate organ~zedlast received considerable impetus, and in India the year at Barrackpore, by the Fisheries Depart- Fisheries Statistical Committee of the Ministry ment at Smgapore and by the Seed Supply Agen- of Food and Agriculture has initiated a syste- cy in Hong Kong and the transport of finger- matic survey of inland waters on a nation-wide iings from Tha~landto Israel and India bear basis.' out the progressive interest in fish transplanta- Since the hydrological and the planktological tion and culture which is growing in and around aspects of the productivity of inland waters the Indo-Pacific area. A special working paper come under the purview of the respective sub- on Fish Conservation and Distribution in the In- committees concerned, they are not detailed in do-Pacific Area is presented for the Council's this report. consideration. As regards work on culturable fish, biological An Inland Fisheries Training Course conducted studies of a number of species are understood to at the Central Inland Fisheries Station in India be in progress at the inland fisheries research provided instruction in fish-culture to workers in stations at Barrackpore, Cuttack, Madras, Nar,a- India and Nepal. The expansion and develop- kal and Kaymakulam, (Tnvancore-Cochin) in In- ment of this Indian training institution under the dia, at Bangkhen in Thailand, at Comilla in Pa- joint auspices of the Government of India and kistan, in Java and Celebes in Indonesia etc. In- the F.A.O. so as to cater to the needs of the formation on the culturable qualities of Tilapia other Member Governments also is under con- meEanopleura and details of mullet culture are sideration. Another valuable contribution to the being gathered. The Vice-chairman of the Sub- promotion of fish-culture in the Indo-Pacific area Committee has proposed to Dr. Hardenberg that as a whole has been the Fish-culture Seminar the scope of the list of fishes to be treated in held at Rogor, sponsored by the IPFC and the the handbook which is to be edited by him might FAO. be enlarged to include the major inland cultura- Wemi Control.-Weed Control received special ble species. attention in the Philippines and India. Two The IPFC Special Publications Nos. 1 and 2, weeds, viz, water. hyacinth, Eiclrhornia crusssipeu viz, Fish-Culture in Brackish-water Ponds in Ja- and water bloom, Lsnzna minor infest Philippine va (English edition) and Fish-Culture in Indo- waters. A Committee which studied the Lernna nesia, describe the present status of brackish- nuisance in the Laguna de Bay Lake and the and fresh-water fish-culture in these areas. The Pasig River discharge, recommended diversion of FA0 Headquarters has also arranged a Hand- the excess discharge through a canal to be book on Fish-Culture to be edited by DY.Hora. constructed. Real control measures have not An annotated bibliography of Chanos culture by been worked out. In India some expe- Schuster and ,a bibliography of fish farming in rimental work was done at the Central Inland India by Pillay cite diverse publications relating Fisheries Research Station and recently Mr. Eot- to the respective subjects. Notable cases of in- ke, the ETAY Fish-Culture expert assigned to troduction of exotic species to new areas during West Bengal where Eichhomia and other weeds the period are those of the Grass Carp-3 suc- form a serious problem, has started intensified cessive dispatches Thailand to Israel and one of field work with some encouraging results. Tilapiu mossumzbica; also one from Thailand to The cnokage of watel. stretches by aquatic India and another to Pakistan. Other instances weeds, pelagic fish stocks in the v,arious coun- waters begins to assume serious proportions and tries and have collected considerable data on Ras- to affect fish life to a varying extent. In the trelliger. Morphometric data on Rastrelliger Philippines, the cases of pollution, the Sub-corn- from Indonesian and from India have been col- mittee understands, relate the sugar mills, ma- lected as a beginning towards more extensive maguey retting, breweries, distilleries, cosmetics studies. The problem has now arisen whether factories, desiccated coconut plants, lard and the different species of RQstreUiger reported margarine works &nd domestic sewage. The from Indo-Pacific waters are all valid; increas- polluting factors in these discharges have been ing evidence is forthcoming that the commercially classified into (i) oxygen-depleting; (ii) toxic important species of the genus is more or less and (iii) inert, choking substances. Remedial limited to R. kanagurta, which probably has geo- measures adopted consist chiefly of (i) removal graphic races or sub-species which may have been of solids; (ii) coagulation of polluting matter and considered as independent species. The question (iii) lagooning and impoundment. Where the ef- can be decided only by careful systematic exami- fluents are directly toxic, alkali recovery or neu- nation of the large samples collected from various tralization is resorted to. When topography fa- parts of the Indo-Pacific. The correct taxonomic vours economic deviation of the effluent, the lat- assessment of the species entering the Rastrel- ter is practiced. liger fishery is of the highest importance and it Indonesia's pollution problems are seen to cen- is to be found out if racial variations exist with- tre mainly around rosella sewage, molasses from in the same species. The characters on which sugar factories and tapioca sewage. Details of further studies have to be based remain to be the polluting ingredients and remedial measures determined. There is need for a central agency attempted are available. or a group of workers who will collect and exam- In India, considerable information on the chief ine Rastrelliger from the different countries and centers of pollution and the primary nature of at the same time keep morphometric data. The the various States has been obtained. Detailed Committee strongly feels that the time has come studies at a typical pollution centre near Dal- when an integrated programme on RastreUiger mianagar in the Sone River have been started. should be taken up as a collaborated effort by Pakistan also is trying to collect information on the countries where this fish forms valuable fiih- this problem as far as it affects that country, eries. while Australia has agreed to supply the infor- Owing to the recent revival of the sardine fish- mation as it becomes axailable. With additional ery in India the opp~~turnityis probably offered information forthcoming from the Member Gov- for further work on an extended scale on the oil ernments, it should be possible to assess the ac- sardine and this is also a line in ~vhichcolbbor- tual damage caused, if any, by the different types ated effort between the member countries inter- of pollution in the countries of the Indo-Pacific ested would be desirable. It is for examination region and to formulate remedial measures on of Technical Committee I as to the manner in economic lines with due regard to industrial in- which collaborated programmes research on terests. mackerel and sardines could be implemented. Regarding investigational work in the area and The question of collecting inform,ation on the its co-ordination, it is proposed to prepare and more common neritic pelagic fishes as part of the circularise questionnaires to Member Countries programme of preparing a popular and scienti- fically accurate account of the important fishes respondence and persual of papers very kindly of the area received the attention of the Commit- sent by the Secretary to the Commission, it is tee and a tentative list of the major Ashe3 which clear that this involves .the preparation of appli- should be included in the proposed handbook hm cations to the Commission for the addltion of been drawn up . accepted names to the official lists which has to be made on certain standard forms which re- As regards the notations now in existence for quires a considerable amount of bibliographic reporting the state of maturity of species of commexial fishes, it would be desirable to re- work. The question naturally arises whether it will be possible for individuals to take up this examine the appropriateness o~ otherwise of con- work unless they are fully familiar with the tax- tinuing the notations prcposed by the Interna- onomy on the one hand and on the other have tional Council. While for some species the In- convenience for bibliographic investigations at ternational Council notation can be used without their place of work. So far as fishery workers in any modification, there are practical difficulties thd Indo-Pacific area are concerned the exper- in its adoption in regard to a few important Ashes ience seems to be that most of them are sorne- like mackerel, ribbon fishes, etc. The committee what overworked and it is doubtful whether we wishes to draw attention to this and ha^ obtained could assign to any single individual the respon- the maturity scales for Rtmtrelliger kanagurta sibility of preparing applications to the hterna- drawn up by the workers of the Central Marine tional Commission in the approved manner and Fisheries Besearch Station. The Committee devote time to the considerable amount of pre- wishes to draw the attention of workers on in- liminary collection of bibliographic work before dividual species in the area which have wide geo- such applications are made. graphic distribution to examine if revision is called for in respect of any of them, and if so, There is the second aspect to be considered such revised definitions may be sent to the Com- whether an ad hoc procedure for the standardiza- mittee, so that the information may be circulated tion of names should be taken up without re- ensuring that maturity stages are correctly de- ference to the larger question of draw~ngup of termined by field workers. This work will have appropriate lists as a guide to the applications to be pursued in consultation with the General to be drawn up to the Commission. Such a list Biology Sub-Committee as well. ha* already been prepared for the Scombroids by Dr. Rosa of the F.A.O. Division of Fisheries There is a certain amount of confusion in the and so far as that particular group is concerned existing 1iter.ature on the exact measurements of it is now possible to proceed on more sound lines fish, whether they refer to standard or total than would have been possible without such a length. The Sub-Committee desires that the cor- taxonomic compilation. I wish to submit that the rect measurements employed may be fully de- group in which ,we urgently require taxonomic fined when reporting the work on individual spe- standardization is the Clupeoids which are repxe- cies. sented by a very large number of species in our N. K. PANIKKAR waters, some of them having very extensive dis- Chairman tribution. Isolated efforts at the taxonomy of Sub-Committee on Neritic this group have been attempted in many centres, Pelo.qic Fisheries but the time has come when a comprehensive list on the lines of the Scombroid list as has been REI'OKT OF SUB-COMMITTEEON TAXONOMY drawn up by Dr. Rosa would be extremely help- ON STANDARDIZATIONOF NAMES ful and nrovide the basis for making applica- It may be recalled that at the third Meet- tions to the International Commission. It is fur- ing of the Indo-Pacific l?isheries Council held ther to be realised that as the species involved at Madras, I w,as authorized by the Council to are distributed over a considerable range it pursue the correspondence with the International would not be desirable to draw up lists exclusive Commission on Zoological Nomenclature on the to one particular area and further, the Clupeoid question of standardization of names. I have group is of the highest commercial importance accordingly been in correspondence with the Sec- throughout the world, contributing to something retary to the Commission, Mr. Francis Hemming. between a third and a fourth of the world's fish The main idea with which the correspondence production. In the circumstance; it is recom- was pursued was to see whether with the mended for the consideration of the Council that existing available check lists of fishes it would early steps should be taken for the coinpilation be possible to proceed with definite work on of a world list of Clupeoids similar to the list the standardization of names. From the cor- on Scombroids already sponsored by the F.A.O. and that the F.A.~.may be requested to ar- proposals owing to lack of active contact and a range for the compilation of such a list under clearer formulation of specific problems which its auspices as has already been done in the the Committee should tackle. ,It is hoped that former instance. these matters will be discussed during the forthcoming meetings of the Sub-Committee. Apart from the question of standardizing the scientific name, there is also a pressing need to One of the problems discussed was the need for arrive at some kind of uniformity of the popular statistically sound procedures in the programmes names employed in Fisheries Reports. Unfor- of investigation of fish populations of inshore tunately, the popular names of commercial fishes waters. Based on the discussion during the last vary widely from country to country for the same meeting a series of trials on a statistically de- species and, occasionaIly, different names are signed basis were made in the analysis of fish employed tor the same species even in reports samples from the inshore sea bottom of the Cali- issued from the same country. To avoid this, cut coast. The are now available and certain countries are proceeding with the stand- could be further discussed. Another line in ardization of names of fishes even within the which the importance of statistical procedures same country as has been done in Australia by has come to the fore is in regard to the compo- Inter-state agreement. The Council may recom- sition of inshore plankton. Data on this availa- mend that such action may be taken by the mem- ble at Mandapam have shown that very large bers of the Council to ensure such uniformity variations exist within short distances, empha- within their own country. The approved list of sizing the need for a larger number of stations each country, giving both the commercial and to be chosen for assessing plankton production scientific names (as far as can be ascertained, be- in inshore w.aters. This subject will be pursued cause taxonomic difficulties may sometimes make in consultation with the Sub-committee on Plank- the correct assignments of scientific names dif- ton. ficult) may be sent to the Secretariat of the IPFC The Committee feels that there ought to be to pursue what further action can be taken to- closer scientific contact betrween specialized wards standardization. The Council may, if ne- workers in the area. Exchange of scientific in- cessary, appoint a small panel to scrutinize the formation and discussions will be of great value final list received from member Governments and to active workers and such flow of scientific in- make suitable recommendations which may be formation will be a great stimulus to further circulated to all member Governments for the work. As a beginning towards this, the Com- expression of their views. Names accepted by mittee recommends (1) the publication of pe- the member Governments may be published in riodical lists of fishery scientific workers of the the IPFC Bulletin for information and general area with informative notes on the problems adoption; those requiring further discussion may which are actively pursued, so that the workers be again examined by the Council as advised to on allied problems could correspond with one the panel's experts and suitable recommendations another on purely scientific matters and (2) an made to have a small choice of names drawn up effective means of publication of advanced ab- for such fishes, which would meet with general stracts of papers completed at Fishery Institu- acceptance. tions. N. K. PANIKKAR In the second objective it is for consideration whether the scope of the present IPFC Bulletin REPORTOF THE SUB-COMMITTEEON could be slightly enlarged to allow a small ntm- GENERALBIOLOGY ber of such .abstracts to be published. It is sug- Between the period of the last meeting of gested that these may be discussed by the Com- the Council and the present, the Chairman of mittee and suitable recommendations placed be- the Sub-Committee -was in touch with the mem- fore the Council. bers and many other specialists on the problems N. IF. PANIKKAR of methodology in relation to the studies that Chairman are being carried out in the various centres. It Sub-Committee on GeneraI, has, however, not been possible to finalize definite Biology APPENDIX 4 REPORT OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEE I1 FOB 1951-1952

The Committee regrets that Chairman 1s una- ~tsrequest for information on this question was ble to attend the fourth meeting of the Indo- disappomting. The following Member Govern- Pacific Fisheries Council. mensts have forwarded information on this sub- The activities of the Committee during the ject: North Borneo, Australia, Indla, Thailand, year consisted ~nainlyof initiating action in ac- Indonesia and Singapore. Contradictory state- cordance with the recommendation of the Coun- ments were found in certain leports and the In- cil at its third meeting. Unfortunately, progress formation furnished was not, on the whole, suf- has been limited by the extent of the problems ficiently substantial to pelmit proper considera- concerned and by the preocupation of fisheries tion of the subject. Nevertheless, a bibliography workers in this area with domestic problems. of methods of preservation of fishing gear has Members of the Committee have not, therefore, been prepared by the Sub-Committee and is made been able to devote as much time to the work available to the meeting as IPFC/C52/TECH 33. of this Committee as the problems necessitate. The Sub-Committee is now cons~dennga form which they hope will simplify collection of data Progress during the year is summarized below: on the preservation of fishing material. It is re- (a) Gear Technology: The response to the recognized that this is deficient in certain respects quest for copies of published material, with one particularly insofar as the actual process and the notable exception, has been disappointing. Ne- nature of the twine is concerned. The Committee vertheless, a bibliography of papers relating to requests that this be considered by the Technical fishing methods in this area was prepared and Committee during the ensuing meeting. circula.ted during the year. A revised bibliogra- (d) Introduction of Non-Indigenous Gear : phy is made available to the meeting as IPFC/ Progress in respect of this subject has been ex- CS%'TECH 32. The Sub-Committee recommends tremely limited. The memoranduni produced by that Member Governments further revise this bi- the IPFC Executive Committee at the Third bliography, removing references of little value. Meeting (1961-1952) at Nha Trang, Vietnam, Mr. Van Tri has rnade marked progress in the provides the best statement of the present posi- complication of descriptions of fishing methods of tion ~nsofaras it is known to the Sub-Commttee. the northern part of the area, but the Chairman The Committee recommends that this matter be of the Committee has been fully engaged in a further cons~dered,that Meniber Governments be heavy domestic deveiopmental programme which, req~~estedto revise the list and that the Sub-Com- mittee concerned consider the recommendations unfortunately, has made it impossible for him to made in paragraph 5. prepare a catalogue of fishing methode. He, therefore, recommends that the entire work of The Committee believes also that the question preparation of a catalogue of fishing gears be of the introduction of non-indigenous fishing gear entrusted to Mr. Van Tri. cannot be divorced from a consideration of fishing methods in the area since methods which (b) Fishing Bods: The response to the request are indigenous within one country may be non- for published material was extremely disap indigenous to adjacent territor~es. The Commit- pomting and only two member Governments sup- tee, therefore, recommends that consideration be plied material. Dr. Gibson-Mill has, however, given to continuing this assignment with the pre- prepared a pteliminary bibliography of the area paration of a catalogue of fishing methods. which is made available to the meeting as IPFC/ C52/TECH 34. The Committee recommends that (e) Introduction of Powered Fishing Vessels 171 Member Governments revise this bibliography Ir~diaand Ceylon: Mr. Ch~dambaram has ex- and include any references rhat have been omit- tended the scope of his paper on the experimental ted. Dr. Gibson-Hill has fu~mtherconsidered the introduction of powered fishing vessels within classification of fishing boats and has made some India and Ceylon and this revised paper is pre- modifications of it, which presented as IPFC/ sented to the Council. C62/TECH 31. (f) Food Technology: A classification of (c) Preservation of Fishing Gear: The Com- methods has been prepared by Monsieur Lafont, mittee regrets to have to record that response to as was recommended by the Council in Resolu- tion 51/21.2, and is presented. It has not been tained from external sources in order ta permit possible to prepare a handbook describing the the ea~lycompletion of the assignments given processing equipment, methods and procedure. It to it by the Council. was hoped that Mr. L. P. D. Gertenbach of the (T. W. Burdon) Fisheries Division FA0 Rome would be able to Chairman, assist the Committee in the preparation of a re- Technical Committee I1 port on the fish trade in South East Asia but this has not proved possible. The Committee, therefore, recommends that this project be further considered as it clearly requires the attention of a worker, preferably employed on more than a part-time basis, who has access to all cur- I. During the current period the Secretariat rent trade statistics. has received reports from the following coun- (g) Socio-Economics: Whilst the committee it- tries : self has not been able to carry out any work Philippines: Deep-sea long-lining for tuna, on behalf of the Council in this field, attention Trawl fishing (two papers). may be drawn to the numerous technical papers U.S.A. : Purse-seine and gill netting in which have been furnished is response to the North Pacific (Cruise reports Council's Resolution 51/21..3(1) and to the pa- furnished). pers prepared for the symposium on this sub- Thailand : Masu-ami. ject. The Committee believes that these papers Sarawak: Otter trawl and danish seine will furnish an effective basis for the vigorous Australia: - development of the work in this field. The Secretariat has also been infromed that (h) Statistics : Considerable progress has been information is being collected in India. made by the Statistics Sub-committee largely as the results of the indefatigable work of Dr. G. 2. The Secretariat is aware, through various L. Kesteven. On the Council's recommendation channels including the reports referred to above, of the following projects in this field within the the FAO, through its ETAP, organized and conducted a Technical Instruction Centre at Bang- last few years. kok in June/July this year. An account of this Australia: Danish seining; tuna trolling. school is furnished in another working paper. British Borneo:Otter trawl; danish seine. Prior to this school the Secretariat conducted Burma : Various gear types. preliminary courses for Thai officers during 1951 Ceylon : Trawling. and early in 1952. Certain members of the Hawaii: Purse seine and gill-netting. Working Group were present at the Training India : Trawling; danish seining; me- Centre and took the opportunity to hold discus- chanized carrier vessels; mo- sions on the future of the work. These discus- ther-ship operations. sions were based upon earlier correspondence and Indonesia : Tuna $rolling; mechanized ma- meetings as a result of which the Secretariat had jang operations. prepared a memorandum on statistical work ad- Malaya and Mid-water trawl; long-lining; dressed to Administrative Correspondents; since Singapore : pair trawling. this memorandum summarises the present posi- Pakistan: Trawling. tion of work in this field, it is reproduced here Philippines: Tuna long-lining; trawling. as Appendix B. The Committee earnestly recom- Thailand : Mechanized tow-vessels. mends the proposals in this memorandum to the consideration of the Council during the current No attempt has been made to include, on the meeting. one hand, the projects of more than about ten years back, nor, on the other hand, those which General: The Committee recognizes that work- are under consideration under current technical ers in this area are heavily engaged in the pro- assistance programmes. For the western sector blems besetting them in their own domestic fish- Chidambaram's paper gives a useful list, but for eries. It is of the opinion, therefore, that pro- the north-eastern sector there exists a need for gress cannot be rapid unless trained personnel a special study. Furthermore, it should be noted can be specifically assigned, full-time, to the pro- that special consideration should be given to the jects in question. The Committee, therefore, re- Japanese activities in extending their operations commends that this matter be considered with a into the south-eastern and central sectors, both view to ascertaining what assistance could be ob- pre-war and within the past eighteen months. It will be clear that this is a very broad field, any local modifimtions of the gear, craft but it will also be clear that the importance and its method of operation should be of this field is such that its breadth cannot be adopted. permitted to cause hesrtation in approaching it. 4. The Council's interest in this question is Practically, all countries of the region are now along the following lines: embarking un mechanization projects and much 1. What structural modifications in craft money and mate~ialswill be expanded on these. and gear were found necessary to meet Some of the projects will be highly successful; the new circumstances of operation. This some will be slow to develop and others will fail. would include any innov,ations; it would I11 the course of the next few years important be difficult to distinguish between economies will be possible if all experience and all those innovations which might be re- data gathered in this field can be rapidly ga- garded as inventions of general advan- thered together and analyzed and the results tage which could have been introduced made available to all persons concerned with in the gear in its original place of use, planning and directing projects of this kind. and those which had to be introduced Such information will serve to indicate to work- because of the new circumstances; ers courses open to them, and also courses which 2. Slrnilarly, what modifications in the tech- they should avoid. It is obvious that the Council nique of operation have been introduced; has in this matter a clear responsibility to as- including speed of craft, number of crew; sist in this process of collection and analysis of information and its dissemination among work- 3. What are the conditions under which the ers. The problem for consideration by the Exe- gear is used; for what types of fish, on cutive Committee is what suggestions might be what kind of fishing grounds which in- made to the committee appointed for this work cludes water depth, weather, sea-floor in respect of a system which might be adopted conditions, etc.; to discharge this function. 4. What results have been obtained: what fish catch, yield per unit effort, yield 3. A request was recently received from Mr. per cost; operational cost analysis. Tubb in Romeo for suggestions as to the form 5. It is suggested that a new pro forma incor- in which reports should be made on this sub- porating the malerial of paragraphs 3 and 4, ject and in answer the Secretariat sent the fol- should be submitted to the sub-committee on this lowing draft outline: question w~tha lWeyuestthat they consider it ur- 1. Name of Gear. gently so that it might be sent at once to Mem- ber Governments wlth a request for information 2. Description of gear with statements concerning country from which imported accordingly. and arrangements for the importation. APPENDIX B 3. Description of craft on which operated, CIRCULAR TO giving especially information on stand- LETTER ADMINISTRATIVE CORRESPONDENTS ing gear. If the craft is a local craft and has been modified for the purpose Acting on the general direction given by the of experiments, these modifications Council at its 3rd Meeting (Res. 51/21.3[2]), should be described. the Statistical Sub-committee has reviewed the 4. An account of fish-finding equipment, entire range of problems concerned in the deve- methods and problems. lopment of efficient statistical systems for fishery industries of this region. The first result 5. An account of ground in which used of this work is a draft statement of the statis- (species, sort) and methods employed. tical programme, prepared by one number of the 6. A brief history of operations. Committee and now under review and considera- 7. A quantitative analysis of the operations tion by the Committee as a whole. It has now including (a) the quantity of fish caught been decided that th~sdr,aft statement should be and yield per unit effort, etc.; (b) a fi- circulated to Administrative Correspondents in nancial statement of costs and returns. order to apprise them of developments in this field and to enlist their aid in certain parts of 8. A summary statement of conclusions in tne programme. respect of gear indicating whether the operations suggest that new gear can In distributing this statement the Sub-Com- probably be introduced and/or whether mittee wishes to draw attention to various points. Firstly, it wisheg to stress the tentative nature best you can and be not worried if certain sec- of the document, as indicated by the introduc- tions must be left blank because excessive re- tory paragraphs under the main title. From searches would be involved it1 completing them. this point of view the Sub-Committee would wel- H*wever, the Sub-Committee feels that you will come any suggestions for improvement of the recognize the considerable advantage to your document to make it better for the general pur- fisheries service in having available a check-list poses as described in the second paragraph of such as this. the introduction. In particular, it must be stated In addition, the Sub-Committee wishes to have that substantial modification has already been some figures of fishery production for this meet- proposed in the definitions contained in sections ing and suggests that ,a useful approach would 1, 2 and 3 of the Glossary. be for each country to make a tentative estimate Secondly, it is the Sub-committee's view that in the form of the triple table described and the sequence of steps to be taken is roughly as in- exemplified in section 2 of the Programme. It dicated on the first half of page 3 with the fol- will be recognized that this triple table furnishes lowing modifications : three, more or less, independent estimates of production whose relationship may give useful Of the handbook mentioned in para 2, Part pointers to inaccuracies and inconsistencies. The I should be issued as soon as it can be Sub-committee would greatly appreciate receiv- prepared, but Part I1 should be issued only ing from each country a tentative estimate in this after much material has been obtained form. with which to give useful illustration of particular applications of statistics to fishery work. Para 4 should be taken to include the creation of cadres of efficient personnel. The development of plans for a census Is there a fishery statistical service? should be marked as step 5 whilst the de- In what department does it function? velopment of tentative estimates, and of What is its organization? a programme of seminars should be un- What are the experience and qualifications dertaken as soon as opportunity offers. of its personnel? What kind of statistics does this service Thirdly, the Sub-Committee believes that, collect? whilst census work should be promoted where- Are there any plans for expansion and ver and whenever possible, nevertheless, it should development of the service and for train- not be thought that such work must be coming staff? pleted, or even might be indispensable, before sampling work may be undertaken. This view 2. Statistics of Manpower. constitutes a reservation to the introductory pa- What information has been collected, in ragraph of section 4.1 on page 13. a population census, concerning the man- Finally, in the matter of current statistics (sta- power engaged in fisheries, and concern- tistics of operation and production) the Sub-Com- ing dependent persons? mittee believes that attention should be concen- What details are included in the Fensus trated for the time being on records of produc- inquiry? tion from fishery. Are there any other records concerning fisheries manpower, as for instance, the The Sub-Committee wishes to obtain, as mate- records of employment exchanges, social rial for the Council's 4th Meeting, a full des- insurance services, taxation, etc.? cription of statistical services for fisheries in each What details on fisheries manpower are country, together with information on plans for included in these records? (the answer development of those services. Accordingly it to this question should be given sepa- has prepared the following check-list and requests rately for each type of record). that you be so kind as to have this completed What efforts have been made to extract for your country in fullest possible detail. The information for fishery statistical pur- Sub-Committee recognizes that this list is some- poses from any of these records? what long and may appear to present a formida- Are fishermen licensed? If so, by whom ble task-it therefore requests that you do the and under what conditions? 3. Statistics of O~gc~?&ation. (Municipal markets, etc.) , (b) private Are any fishery units incorporated under agencies in markets (c) by wholesah company law, and is any effort made and retail agencies outside markets? to extract information from the records (Give full information on the detail in of the registrar of companies? which these records are kept, and on the Are there any fishery co-operatives, are effort made to extract the information they registered, and is any effort made fo~fishery statistics purposes) to assemble information furnished to the In what detail are records kept of fish ~~egistrarof co-operatives? and fishe~yproducts entering international trade, apart from the published 4. Statistics of Eqz~ipmnt. statistics of foreign trade? What records are kept by licensing, registration or other means of 8. Prices. (a) Fishing Craft (by Fisheries Depart- What records are kept of the prices at ment, Marine or other Department) which fish are sold at various points in (b) Fishing Gear (by Fisheries Depart- the distribution system, including the ment, Marine or other Department) sale of processed fish? (c) Fish ponds or other waters (by What records are kept of the prices at Fisheries Department, Lands or which producer supplies are sold to the other Department) industry, and of the transport tariffs? (d) Fishery installations (e.g. factories, What efforts are made to collect and com- ice-plants, storage plants, transport pile such records? units) [by Fisheries Department, Department of Industries, Commerce 9. Finunces. or other.] Have any efforts been made to collect information on the sums of money made 5. Statistics of Operatiow. available to the industry and on the rates What records are kept of fishing operations of interest charged? by the operatives, or such as records (a) Are any data available concerning of craft movement by Harbour Control? the income of fishermen? What records of transport operations are (b) What is known about the contribu- kept, by railways, water-transport, other tion of fisheries to the national inland-transport or air-transport units? come? (Give full information on the detail in which these records are kept, and on the 10. Conszimption. effort made to extract the information Have ,any efforts been made to collect di- for fishery statistics purposes) rect information concerning fish consumption as by family budgets, dietary surveys, etc.? What records are kept by individuals, companies and co-opezatives or by official recorders, of fish caught, landed, NOTE: As far as possible attach copies of all handled, sold? forms used, and of any relevant legis- What records are kept of fish bought, re- gislation. ceived, treated, and sold by processing In all cases give an exact citation to establishments? any publication in which tabulations of What are the arrangements for the collec- statistics relating to fisheries in the tion and compilation of these records? widest sense are published, What industrial statistical are available? Where more than one department, or (Give full hfornlation on the detail in more than one level of Government (cen- which these records are kept, and on the tral, provincial, etc.) is involved, give effort made to extract the information full details in respect of each. for fishery statistics purposes) In each indicate whether the record is directly made from a real measure- 7. Statistics oj Commerce. ment, or is an estimate, and in the lat- What records are kept of fish handled, ter case give an indication of the basis stored, sold by (a) Government agencies of the estimate. APPENDIX 5 REVISED PROSPECTUS FOR FOOD TECHNOLOGY HANDBOOK

Volume V. Food Technology. 1. Determination of Requirements for Proces- 0. Introduction. sing. It is proposed that the volume contain histori- 1.1 Availability of Raw Material. cal data to established why the Member Govern- 1.2 Suitability of Processing Techniques. ments are concerned with the processing of aqua- 2. Processing Techniques. tic products. These would include some remarks Volume should contain gener,al statements on : descriptive of drying, salting, curing, pick- a. Principles of Food Technology in the Indo- ling, smoking, fish cakes, paste, sauce, icing, Pacific Region. refrigerating, freezing, processing of fish Volume should contain a broad statement of meal, manufacture of by-products, and the basic conditions which make processing others. necessary and/or desirable and statements regarding the existence or creation of con- 3. Handling and Sanitation. sumer demand for processed aquatic prod- Volume should contain a statement empha- ucts. sizing the importance of sanitation in the b. Demography, geography and climate as they handling of fish from the time it is caught affect the processing and distribution of until it is delivered ta the consumer in order aquatic products. to prevent spoilage. c. Economics of fish processing. 4. Research and Development in Food Technol- Should contain reference to : ogy in the Indo-Pacific Region. (1) Comparison of cost in processing fish Volume should contain a list of such insti- in various forms . tutions and facilities in countries of Mem- (2) Occurrences of gluts in fish landing ber Governments. centers. 5. Standards and Quality Control. (3) Distribution of processed fish products Volume should contain a list of existing -local consumption and export. standards and quality control methods in d. Consumption habits of the indigenous popu- the Indo-Pacific Region. lations in regards to aquatic products. 6. References.

APPENDIX 6 REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL 0 CEANOGRAPHIC REQUIREMENTS

The Council has examined various information the region some are well-equipped and quite active supplied to it on the national oceanographic pro- whilst others are seriously under-staffed and pos- grammes of this region. The. Council draws at- sess relatively Iittle equipment. One of the most tention to the following features of these pro- important features to be noted in this sense is grammes as revealed by the survey . the lack of ocean-going vessels; (1) Whikst certain countries of the region, re- (3) There is inadequate information available presenting a fair proportion, have oceanographic as to the lines along which precisely these pro- institutions, there remain other countries which grammes are functioning and it is clear that such as yet have no such instiutions, which means, of work as is being done is not being coordinated in course, that the pattern of investigation for the either subject or area sense, and it is known that region must necessarily remain incomplete; there is lack of uniformity and standardization (2) Of the institutions already established in in the methods and apparatus being used; (4) The infoimation furnished to the Council some guidance to the industry in heightening the mcluded rbpolts of new institutions to be estab- efficiency of its fish-finding activities; in its most lished, and it is obvious that any defects by lack modern form this is represented by the use of of coordination noted in the present situation echo sounders and aeroplanes. Beyond this si- inay be aggrevated with the development of these tuation, which refers essentially to existing fish- new institutions in the near feature. eries, there remains the problem of developing The Council is convinced that insofar as the neglected fisheries. In this field it has been found governments of this region are spending money that, although fishexmen may themselves suc- on these programmes, there is an urgent need to ceed in carrying out exploratory operations to secure the most efficient use of the personnel and determine distribution of neglected stocks, in facilities being used and that an important con- many cases it has been necessary that scientific tribution to this could be made by the establish- investigation should be mobilized to carry out ment of effective machinery for the coordination this investigation on behalf of the industry and, of the programmes and by continued compilation gcnwaliy, such effort, has had to be organized and publication of the results of the programme by government. and standardization of the equipment and me- The Council, therefore, is convinced that there thods. is a real need for oceanographic programmes, In addition, the Council notes the general both for existing fisheries and for the develop- dearth throughout the region of highly qualified ment of new fisheries and far from suggesting technical personnel to participate in oceanogra- to Member Governments that their oceanographic phic programmes. Whilst this aspect of the si- programmes should be ab,andoned, the Council tuation is, of course, only a further symptom of takes the opportunity of emphasizing the import- the general situation in respect of fisheries of ance of such programmes for both immediate this region, which is otherwise expressed by the and long range purposes. general situation of oceanographic programmes The Council is equally well-convinced that there as described ,above, it makes its contribution to is a real need for international action to secure the restraint upon the development of these pro- the best use of the facilities av,ailable at any grammes. The Council, therefore, believes that, time, and, furthermore, to promote the develop. insofar as governments of the region are likely ment of the national programmes and to sup- to continue their national programmes in ocean- plement them, both in the special sense of coor- ography, there is a need for efforts to make dination, etc. and by way of dealing with parti- available appropriate instruction in oceanography cular subjects and areas which lie beyond the in order to expand the cadre of its field personnel range of the national programmes. for this work. The Council submits that it is not a qidestion In addition to recognizing the simple fact of of whether there should be international action, the existence of national programmes and of the but of the form which such action should take. importance of proposing measures to assist these The Council has accordingly returned its atten- programmes even at their present level, the Coun- tion to the existing situation ,within the region cil has examined the importance of this ocean- and believes that this situation indicates a need ographic work 'and has attempted to assess the for international work of the fbllowing kind: need for such work at its present level and pos- (1) The establishment of a complete and re- sibly at higher levels. The Council draws at- liable register of the institutions, vessels, and pro- tention to the J'undamental fact that all fishing jects concerned with oceanography within the re- operations at sea are based upon intelligent region which could be supplemented by an appraisal cognition of various biological and physical phe- of these activities by a fully qualified ocean- nomena. The fishermen within their present ographer who should visit all the institutions range of operations have learned to correlate the listed in the register; distribution and behaviour of fish with certain (2) The establishment of a file of all ocean- gross features of season, current, water color, ographic data collected in the area and its sub- etc. The proposition of oce,anographic research sequent reduction to a form in which it could be is that it should add to the number of such signs, published and made available to wolbkers of the and also improve the equipment for their obser- afea by whom it could be used in their own pra- vation. The Council also draws attention to the grammes ; fact that even in the presence of such fisherman- (3) The establishment of a special documenta- lore, it has been found necessary, in many parts tion and bibliographic service in oceanography of the world, to furnish by governmental service for the region; (4) The establishhent of a consultative ser- by means of collaboration of national programmes vice to be made use of by Memlier Governments or should be effected by the provision of vessels, in the planning and execution of their oceanogra- laboratory and equipment for the use of the inter- phic programmes and in the interpretation of national unit yould be a matter for a decision oceanographic results for the purpose of making when the need for these projects had it been sub- these available to industry; mitted to Member Governments and the Council (5) The establishment of a service to promote and had secured their approval. the local manufacture of oceanographic equip- Finally, the Council draws attention to the very ment ; great importance of the fundamental aspects of (6) The establishment of training facilities in this work and of the needs for basic education field and laboratory practice in oceanography; upon which training in oceanography can be established. It believes that, generally, the prose- (7) The establishment of arrangements whereby the national programmes will be fully coor- cution of fundamental research in physical and dinated, and methods and equipment will be biological oceanography within the region should standardized. be promoted and that steps should be taken to The Council believes that action should be encourage universities and other educational in- taken immediately to establish these service with- stitutions to expand and develop the curricula to in the region as quickly and efficiently as pos- provide basic education for those who might in- sible. The Council assumes within a few years tend to make oceanography a career. It is obvious the results of this data would furnish guidance that this is a field in which UNESCO should be to the Council as to the lines along which inter- able to play an important role, and the com- national activities should develop. mittee believes that the Council should draw the The Council is confident that there would con- attention of UNESCO to this work and that in tinue to be a need for the coordinating and com- planning international action the Council should piling activities at the international level and arrange that UNESCO should be kept informed whilst it believes that there would be a need for of the needs and of developments so that its own specific action in field and laboratory work of programmes might be made as effective as pos- special international character, it thinks that the sible in assisting the achievements being sought decision on whether such action should be taken by the Council's international programmes.

APPENDIX 7 NOTES ON THE MILKFISH, CHA NOS CHAJVOS

The following information was transmitted to b. Spawning season in these various the Food and Agriculture Organization in res- grounds giving time or times of the year ponse to a memorandum on the problems of Cha- and duration. nos chanos, .recommended to the Council by the c. Spawning habits or behavior. Director, Fisheries Division. 1. The various aspects of the biology of Cha- 2. There is very little known of the variation nos chanos in natural waters remain to be of the success of each year's spawning and fully studied. Work is in progress in the the subsequent availability of the fry, al- Philippines and India in this direction. though twice a year spawning in Indonesia The question of spawning is one phase of and India and once a year in the Philip- this problem. This subcommittee feels pines have been reported. It is a well- that studies may be divided along the fol- known observation, however, that yearly lowing lines : fluctuations in abundance do occur so that a. Charting the spawning grounds within studies along this line are very essential the ares including the conditions obtain- in order that the industry may be prepared ing therein. to meet such exigency for its stabilization. Very llttle is known on the survival rates It is highly desirable to evolve techniques of various life stages of Chnnos cl~unosin for the assessment of the ca~ryingcapacity its natural habitat. Stcdies should be di- of ponds since a mistake along this point rected to find whether there is any strain leads to high mortality and to the possible on the species caused by the intense fish- production of inferior quality fish. It is ing of the natural stock of fry to supply possible that this problem may be attacked the expanding fishpond industry. on the basis of availability of food and space and such other criteria as may be Fry transportation methods at present are found feasible. beset with defects causing undue wastes and mortality. In the Philippines, for It has been observed that the fish is very example, the waste lies in the persistent pliant to changes of wide ranges of salinity use of earthen containers which are sub- which could be taken advantage of in its ject to easy breakage. Present storage cultivation and stocking. Studies on sali- techniques do not provide adequate aeration nity tolerance are being undertaken in the and cooling of containers, and lack of Philippines and India and the problems of knowledge on proper feeding of fry while osmoregulation are in progress in India. in prolonged storage results in large scale The limits of salinity tolerance lie between mortality. fresh water and salt water salinities up to There are no concrete data yet on the sur- 60 parts per mille. The changes in total vival rates of different stages under vary- osmotlc concentration is rather small for ing types of cultivation, although exper- wide variations in external salinities. Pa- ienced fishpond operators know more or less pers on the subject are being published what to expect under a given set of condi- (one has already appeared) in the Pro- tions. Thus, a survey of these experiences ceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, and studies along this line is imperative. Bangalore. Studies on the growth rate of this species Other aspects for study: under a certain set of conditions have been made. Particular .attention is called On the biological aspect, efforts should at this point to technical paper No. 15 be made for devising ways and means which deals with studies on the rate of for inducing spawning of fish in ponds growth of Chunos chunou in the nursery or of increasing propagation in natural pond stage of its cultivation as practiced waters. in the Philippines. This paper points out that improvements of pond management On fish culture techniques, attention is techniques may be achieved from the data called to the aspect of fishpond engineer- obtained. More work on the growth rate ing which includes selection of sites; under varying conditions of food supply and principles of irrigation and drainage, other ecological factors should be made for measurement and calculation of land more extensive knowledge on this point. areas, leveling, contouring and mapping; and construction of dikes, water g,ates Food supply in the ponds is a major pro- and pipes, in relation to fishpond work. blem because of the fast decline of the fer- tility of ponds with continuous and pro- Another point is the solar salt bed-fish- longed use. Studies towards stimulating pond combination. A survey by member the natural food by fertilization of the governments of this system where it is ponds or producing some cheap and easily practiced is highly recommendable for procurable artificial feed 'should be aerious- its possible adoption in other countries ly considered. within the area. APPENDIX 8 STUDY OF SEAWEEDS

The Council is of the opinion that the paper which would be employed in conjunction with the by Zaneveld on the Economic Marine Algae of .work of the seaweed taxonomist and ecologist. Malaysia and their Applications, of which the The Council proposes to request Member Coun- first two parts have already been published by tries which have had experience in this type of the Council (Proceedings I and 111) and of which work to furnish the Sub-Committee with reports the third and last part has been presented at this on their work including a statement of their meeting as IPFC/C52/TECII 35, constitutes a estimate of the seaweed resources of their waters, useful and effective survey of current knowledge and at the same time to request the Fisheries on the taxonomy, distribution and use3 of marine Division of FA0 to direct enquiries in this matter algae of this region. The Council recognizes to countries beyond the region and furnish the that, despite the geographic limitation implied Council with a report of the result of such en- by the title, the survey made by this paper is quiries: if this survey should reveal that a suita- very broad, and believes that the paper could be ble technique is already in existence, an account made complete for the region, within the limits of it should be widely distributed by the Council; which Mr. Zeneveld has set, with relatively little if, on the other hand, there remained a need to further work. The Council believes that it would bring about improvements in such survey tech- be very useful to workers in this field to have nique, the Council would propose to authorize this paper available as a single publication and the Sea-weeds Sub-Committee to study the pos- therefore proposes to reprint this paper as a sibilities of having appropriate experimental work manual for workers of the region, and to request undertaken by interested Member Governments. Member Governments to direct their workers in In addition to the foregoing the Council recog- this subject to furnish Mr. Zaneveld with notes nizes the importance of the following matters con- on any changes or additions which ought to be cerning the sea-weed resources: made to this paper and that Mr. Zaneveld be asked to undertake the revision. In addition, the 1. Special forms of Algae form the major part Council has examined Mr. Zaneveld's index of of the food of Chanos; the Sub-Committee feels the Malayan vernacular names for seaweed in that this is an important field in which the manuscript and feels that this list should be ex- Council should interest itself; the Sub-Committee tended to include vernacular names from other ventures to suggest that this subject should be countries and be included in the reprinted paper. a matter of discussion between the Chanos and Sea-weeds Sub-Committees and that such discus- The Council, therefore, proposes to request Mem- sion could in particular refer to the utilization ber Governments to direct workers in this subject of GraciEaria as a supplementary food for Cha- to furnish Mr. Zaneveld with a list of vernacular nos, and to the possibility of devising improve- names of sea-weeds for their country. The Coun- ments in the cultivation of the genera Entero- cil finally requests members of the Seaweed Sub- morpha, Cladoplwra, and Chaetomarpha. Committee to assist Mr. Zaneveld in this work. 2. It is probable that there exist many sea- The Council believes that the development of weeds which are at present neglected but which seaweed industries is restrained by the lack of re- could be used economically if appropriate qroces- liable methods for realistic measurements of the sing methods could be devised; the Sub-Committee abundance of weeds. Many countries are aware suggests that Technical Committee I1 be invited of the existence of seaweed resources in their to give this matter its consideration. waters but are unable to decide whether these are of sufficient extent and abundance to $warrant , 3. There are certain seaweeds ,which undoubt- the establishment of industries. The Council edly could be more fully used; e.g., Sorgassum does not know whether methods have been per- as a potential source of alginic acid, Porphyra as fected for making such determination but a source of food and Digenea simplex as a source imagines that a modern method would have re- 'of anshelminthic. The Sub-Committee suggests course to aerial photography, underwater photo- !that the attention of Member Governments be grephy, echo-sounding and similar techniques 'klrawn to these possibilities.

84 APPENDIX 9 STUDY ON PELAGIC-NERITIC FISHES

The Council after examination of the problem fic study of these fisheries. Data for Bulma, of pelagic-neritic fisheries found that while the Malaya, Thailand, Vietnam and Ceylon .wei-e UP resources coming within the ncritic-pelagic group gently necessary. Any infoimation available on of fisheries were considerable and of great im- the biology of Rastrelliger in these areas should portance to the area as a whole, the information be made available to the Committee for study and available on these resources in the various coun- report for the development of an integrated pro- tries was inadequate to form an over-all picture. gramme on Rastrelliger. The Council felt that the first requisite should be Similar information was also necessary for the to collect information on these fisheries, and on somewhat erratic fishery for the oil sardine, Sar- the programmes relating to them, from the va- dinella Eongiceps, which also is widely distri- rious Countries, for which purpose a question- buted. The Council referred to the paper pre- naire was drawn up. sented at the Meeting by the Government of India The Council considered the reports on the sub- and proposed to request collection of data on oil ject for last year and felt there was sufficient sardines on the lines roughly indicated in the indication to show that the mackerels belonging scheme of investigations followed in India. to the genus Rastrelliger and Sardines belonging to the genus Sardinella had wide distribution The Council further proposed that problems of in the seas adjoining most Member Countries methodology relating to neritic-pelagic fish stocks and contributed to very valuable fisheries. In- should receive close attention from all fishery formation was incomplete, however, and it was workers in the area. There should be frequent very necessary at this stage to obtain comprehen- exchange of information and discussion on prac- sive data on the extent of these fisheries and their tical difficulties encountered in the study. Ex- relative importance to various countries. It was perience gained in any one sector should be made available to others starting on the problems. For needless to add that such information would this purpose the Council desired that conclusions form the basis to collaborative effort, which might be worked out by Member Countries for on topics which would have a bearing on methodology arrived at by different workers in the area the study of these fisheries. It was understood that detailed investigation on Rastrelliger kana- should be transmitted to the IPFC Secretariat for distribution throughout the area as occasional pa- gurta and Swdinella longiceps were in progress in India; and on Rastrelliger sp. in Indonesia pers. .and in the Philippines. Investigations on Scom- For its next meeting the Council believed that ber and sardines were also carried out in Japan, methodological problems relating to neritic-pela- A simple questionnaire to elicit information on gic fish stocks should receive special attention these fisheries was drawn up for transmission and should be so notified to Member Governments to Member Governments for report. while inviting contributions. So far as Rastrelliger is concerned, while work The answers received in reply to the question- seemed to be in progress in India, Indonesia and naire will be consolidated in the form of a re- Philippines, the other regions of the area where port for presentation at the next meeting of the these species form large fisheries did not seem Council to consider further development of the to be receiving adequate attention in the scienti- programmes in these fisheries. APPENDIX 10 APPOMTMJWT OF SUB-COMMITTEES

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE I- SUB-COMMITTEES Chaimn: D. H. Rochford Reporteur: J. A. Hardenberg

TUNA: P. Ch. Veen (Indonesia) H. Thompson (Australia) D. Rochford (Australia) D. C. Zwollo (Netherlands) T. Megia (Philippines) A. M. Mane (Philippines) Tham Ah Kow (U.K.-Malaya) W. F. Royce (U.S.A.)-Rapporteur T. S. Austin (U.S.A.) Tran Van Tri (Vietnam) Lee-Huu Ky (Vietnam) H. Nakamura (Japan) M. Uda (Japan) M. R. Legand (France) TAXONOMY: NERITICPELAGIC FISHERIES: Chote Suvatti (Thailand) Le-Huu-Ky (Vietnam) G. J. Blanco (Philippines) M. L. Parry (U. K.-Malaya) I. S. R. Munro (Australia) P. R. Manacop (Philippines) J. D. F. Hardenberg (Indonesia)-Rappor- J. D. F. Hardenberg (Indonesia) teur N. K. Panikhar (India)-Rapporteur M. R. Qui-eshi (Pakistan) Chee Choul Keun (Korea) R. Serene (France) M. R. Qureshi (Pakistan) K. S. Misra (India) J. Nakai (Japan) M. Abe (Japan) FISIKCULTURE : SEAWEW: Chee Choul Keun (Korea) Mrs. Thivy (India) S. Jones (India) R. Serene (France) Dom Saveun (France) E. J. F. Wood (Australia) H. R. .Montalban (Philippines)-Rapporteur M. A. Abagon (Philippines)-Rapporteur Jinda Thiemmedh (Thailand) S. Yamada (Japan) Soong Min Kong (U. K.-Malaya) B. T. Chiu (U.K.-Hong Kong) Cao Thien Buu (Cambodia) HILSA : K. Kuronuma (Japan) S. L. Hora (India) Nasir Ahmad (Pakistan) Nasir Ahmad (Pakistan) Amin Katamsi (Indonesia) S. Jones (India) 0. L. Meehean (U.S.A.) M. Qureshi (Pakistan)-Rapporteur PLANKTON: Nguyen Nhu Nghi (Vietnam) GENERALBIOLOGY : J. E. Xing (U.S.A.) Tham Ah Kow (U.K.-Malaya) Thrim Ah Kow (U.K.-Malaya) J. Thiemmedh (Thailand) R. Esguerra (Philippines) - Rapporteur J. S. Domantay (Philippines) (Marine) J. D. I?. Harderberg (Indonesia) Miss P. Kott (Australia) R. Serene (France) K. F. Vaas (Indonesia)-Rapporteur (Fresh- B. S. Bhimachar (India)-Rapporteur water) M. Fujinaga (Japan) R. Serene (France) CHANOS: J. Blache (Cambodia) N. K. Panikkar (India) B. Prasad (India) H. R. Rabanal (Philippines)-Rapporteur S. Motoda (Japan) J. Thiemmedh (Thailand) HYDROLOGY: Tran Van Tri (Vietnam) R. Jayaraman (India) Cao Thien Buu (Cambodia) R. Serene (France) Hasanuddin (Indonesia) TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 11-SUB-COMMITTEES

Chairman-Dr. M. R. Qureshi Rapporteur-M. Tran-Van-Tri

SUB-COM?~IITTEEON GEAR TFXHNOLOGY I. Mr. Agustin F. Umali-Philippines 1. M. Dom-Saveun-Cambodia 2. Dr. C. J. Bottemanne-Netherlands 2. B. Ongchango-Philippines-Rapporteur 3. M. Tran-Van-Tri-Vietnam 3, Mr. Cha~idjieKasuma-Indonesia 4. Mr. T. Gorazdowski-U.K. (Hongkong) - 4. Mr. C. M. Adams-U.S.A. Rapporteur 5. Dr. C. J. Bottemanne-Netherlands 5. M. Dom-Saveun-Cambodia 6. Mr. H. Oka--Japan G. Mr. W. C. Neville--U.S.A. 7. Dr. M. R. Qureshi-Pakistan 7. Mans. R. Serene-France 8, Mr. Sant Bandukul-Thailand 8. Mr. S. Takayawa--Japan 9. Mr. K. N. Anantaraman-India 9. Mr. Nam Sangkyu-Korea 10. Mr. H. E. Timmis-U.S.A. 10. Mr. Sawarng Charoenphol-Thailand 11. Mr. W. C. Neville-U.S.A. 11. Dr. S. B. Setna-India 12. Mr. Tran-Van-Tri-Vietnam 12. Mr. H. E. Timmis-U.S.A. 13. Mr. J. G. Sanchez-Philippines 13. Mr. U Ba Kyaw-Burma 14. Mr. U J3a Kyaw-Burma

SUB-COMMITTEEON FOOD TECHNOLOGY 1. M. R. LafontCambodia 1. Mr. Jose R. Montilla-Philippines 2. Mr. C. Nartin-Philippines 2. Mr. H. E. Timmis-V.S.A. 3. Mr. Jose I. SulitPhilippines 3. M. Tran-Van-Tri-Vietnam 4. Mr. C. M. Adams-U.S.A.-Rapporteur 4. Mr. W. C. Neville-U.S.A. 5. Mr. C. Kosol Suriyong-Thailand 5. Mr. Amin Katamsi-Indonesia-Rap- 6. Dr. K. C. Saha-India porteur 7. Mr. Ree Bong R+-Korea 6. Mr. K. Chidambaram-India 8. Mr. H. Bullock-Australia 7. Mr. Klan Suwanaratana-Thailand 9. Mr. D. R. Niven-U.K. (Malaya) 8. Mr. T. Yamamob-Japan 10. Mr. J. Waiari--Japan 9. Mr. Tran-Van-Bach-Vietnam 11. Mr. V. 'iiyengco-Philippines 10. Mr. U Ba Kyaw-Burma LIST OF DOCUMENTS ISSUED

IPFC/CS2/1 Draft Agenda and notes on the Agenda 1 R(?v 1 Provisional Agenda and notes on the Agenda 1 Rev 2 Provisional Agenda and notes on the Agenda 1 Add Symposium at the 4th Meeting 2 Executive Committee Report to the Council at its 4th Meetine; 3 Secretary's Eeport on the Financial Affairs of the Council 4 Statement of the IPFC budget provided by FA0 for 1952/53 I) Status of IPFC Resolution 51/'52.1(1) passed at the 3rd (Madras) Meeting 6 Proposal for the amendment of the Conncil's Agreement 7 Council's Rules of Procedure-Proposal for amendment to Section X 8 Liaison with FA0 9 Proposal for the establishment of an Oceanographic Institute fdr the Indo- Pacific region 10 General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean 11 Liaison with International Orgmizations 12 Nomination of Comm~tteesand working groups 3 5 Council correspondents 14 Report of Technical Committee I for 1951-52 14A Rapporksur les activites du S/Comite d1Hydi-ologic 1951-52 14R Report of the Hilsa Sub-Committee 14H Rev 1 Ecport of the Hilsa Sub-Committee 14C Repo1.t for 1952 of the Sub-Committee on Tuna 14D Report for 1952 of the Sub-Committee on Planktology 14E Report of the Sub-Coinmlttee on Fish Culture up to Septcmbcs 23. 1052 14F report of the Sub-Committee on Neritic Pelagic Fisheries 14G Eeport of the Sub-Committee on Taxonomy on progress of work on the Standardization of Names of Fishes of comnlei~ialimportmce in the Indo-Pacific area Report of the Sub-Committee on General Biology Report of Technical Committee I1 for 1951-52 Register of Projects Report on Bibliographic work Report on Publications Distribution list List of Films Fisheries and related subjects

Report on Technical Instruction Centres-Fish Culture Seminar Eogor, Fish- eries Statistics Training Centre, Bangkok Regionalization Fishing in lnternational waters Membership in Council Presentation of Technical Papers Annual Report to the Food & Agriculture Organization Liaison with UNESCO Handbooks Liaison with the Pacific Science Congress Psoposals concerning Chanos chanos culture Status of the Fishery Industries of the Indo-Pacific region during the period 1931-52 Repox on Credentials Report of Technical Committee I on Assignment Xot~KO. 12 Working Papers (continued) : Report of Technical Committee I on Assignment Note No. 12 Report of Technical Committee I on Assignment Note. No. 12 Recent status of Oceanogi-aphic Investigations in the Indo-Pacific Region Report of the Sub-Committee on Tuna Report of Assignment Note No. 15 & Ancillary Matters iteport of Committee on Register Report of Sub-Committee on Seaweeds Rcport of Sub-Committee on Seaweeds Report of Techoical Committee I on the Socio-Econcmic Sub-Committee Report of Technical Committee I on the Socio-Economic Sub-Committee Report of Technical Committee I on Liaison Report of Technical Committee I on Pelagic Neritic Fisheries Report of Technical Committee I1 on the Sub-Committee on Statistics Report of Technical C~mmitteeI1 on the Sub-Committee of Gear Technology Report of the Budget Committee Report of Technical Committee 11 on the Sub-Committee on Food Technology Report by working group on Regionalization Report of Technical Committee I on the Sub-Committee on Planktology Report of Technical Committee I on Fish Culture Report of Technical Committee I on Fish Culture Report of Technical Committee I on General Biology Report of Technical Committee I1 on Technical Assistance Centres Report of Technical Committee I on Fish Culture Report of Technical Committee I on Sub-Committee on Chanos chanos Report of Technical Committee I on the Sub-Committee on Hydrology Report of Technical Committee I on Sub-Committee on Hilsa Report of Technical Committee I on Handbooks Report of Technical Committee I on Sub-Committee on Taxononly Report of working group-Technical Committee I on High Seas Fishing Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 3 Report of Tech~icalCommittee I1 on Assignment Note No. 5 Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 9 Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 15 Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 33 Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 27 Report of Technical Committee I1 on Assignment Note No. 32 lteport of wcjrking group appointed hy Technical Committee I on Assignment Note No. 4 Report of Technical Committee I on Fish Culture

Technical Papers : IPFC/C52/TECH 1 The experimental introduction of power fishing vessels within India and Ceylon by K. Chidambaram, Deputy Director of Fisheries, Madras, India. Manufacture of Elasmin Pearls at the Fisheries Technology laboratory, Bom- bay, by E. M. Arsiwala, Dept. of Fisheries, Bombay, India. Some observations on the Tuna fisheries off the Bombay Cwst by S. B. Deodhar, Dept. of Fisheries, Bombay, India. The "Tugoh" net by J. A. Tubb, Director of Fisheries, British North Borneo. La Peche au day dans le Tonle-Sap par M. Sao Leang, Chef, Division des Peclles de Kandal, et M. Dom Saveun, Chef du Cantonnernent des Peches de Phnom Penh, Cambodia. A study of drift in the Straits of Malacca and the Singapore Straits from salinity determinations in these watew by R. A. Robinson, Professor Chemis- try, University of Malaya, Mrs. H. Tong, Demonstrator in Chemistry, Univ- ersity of Malaya and Tham Ah Kow, Fishery Officer (Research)' Dept. of Fisheries, Federation of Malaya and Singapore. Technical Papers (continued) : The*plankton calendar of Singapore Straits with suggestions for a simplified methodology for its determination by Tham Ah Kow, Fishery Officer (Re- search) Dept. of Fisheries, Federation of Malaya and Singapore. Some notes on Thynnichthys vaillanti W. de B. by H. Saanin, Inland Fisheries Service, Djakarta, Indonesia. Contribution a la Connaissance des Engins de Peche du Vietnam par Tran- Van-Tri, Chef, Bureau des Peche et R. Serene, Directeur, Institut Oceano- graphique, Nha Trang, Vietnam. Fishing Gear of East Pakistan by Nazir Ahmad, Deputy Director of Fish- eries, Comilla, East Pakistan. Fishzries in the Lake District along the river Kapuar, in West Borneo by K. F. Vaas, Laboratory Inland Fisheries, General Agricultural Research Station, Bogor, Indonesia. Non indigenous Marine Fishing Gear of Korea by Chyung Xoon Ki, Fish- eries Inspection Station, Pusan, Korea. Fishing Boats of Pakistan by M. R. Qureshi, Director, Central Fisheries Department, Karachi, West Pakistan. Equipment and Methods used in Oceanographic Investigation in the Philippines by T. G. Megia, Oceanographer, and A. R. Sebastian, Fishery Technologist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, Philippines. Studies on the rate of growth of rnilkfish a "Bangos," Chanos chams (Fors- kal) under cultivation by H. R. Rabanal, Fish Culturist, R. C. Esguerra, Assistant Fishery Technologist and M. M. Nepomuceno, Assistant Fishery Technologist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, Philippines. Development of a coal tar net preservative by J. I. Sulit, Chemist, B. Da- tingaling, Assistant Fishery Technologist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, Phil- ippines. Studies on the preparation of salted fish paste (Bagoong) from dried dilis (Stolephorus indicus) by C. Martin, Chief, Division of Fisheries Technology and J. I. Sulit, Chemist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, Philippines. Chemical studies and utilization of some Philippine Seaweeds by J. I. Sulit, Chemist, 0. B. Navarro, Assistant Chemist and R. C. San Juan, Junior Chemist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, Philippines. The different methods of processing fish by R. Lafont, Chief, Laboratory for Technology, Fisheries Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Mechanics of Bagoong (Fish Paste) and Patis (Fish sauce) processing by U. Uyengco, Chemist, I. Tawas, P. R. Briones, Assistant Fishery Techno- logist, R. S. Taruc, Assistant Fishery Technologist, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila, PhiIippines. Socio-economics by Nazir Ahmad, Deputy Director of Fisheries, Comilla, East Pakistan. Soco-economic problems of the fishing industry in Uttar Pradesh and suggestions for betterment by D. S. Sonbaht, Assistant Fisheries Development * Officer, Uttar Pradcsh, India. A preliminary study of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of Singapore Straits by Tham Ah Kow, Fishery Officer (Research) Depart- ment of Fisheries, Federation of Malaya and Singapore. HILSA TECHNICAI, PAPERS. PROGRESS OF HILSA INVESTIGATION IN INDIA FROM 1938-1950, A REVIEW by N. K. Panikkar, Chief Research Officer, Central Inland Fisheries Re- search Station, Mandapam. BIOLOGY OF THE HIISA by S. L. Hora, Chairman, Hilsa Sub-Committee, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Calcntta. 'l'eclmical. Papers (continued) : MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE HILSA, HILSA ILISHA (HAM.) WITH REFERENCE TO RACIAL INVESTIGATIONS by T. V. R. PiIlay, Asst. Research Officer, Hilsa Fish Enquiry, Indian Council of Medical Research, Calcutta. TRENDS OF HILSA PRICES IN CALCUTTA MARKETS by J. C. Biswas, Pxesident, Fish Retailers Association, Calcutta. PROVERBS AND POPULAR SAYINGS CONCERNING THE HILSA FISH CURRENT IN BENGAL by S. L. Hora, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF THE HILSA FISHERIES IN THE MADRAS STATE by P. I. Chacko, Madras. DAMS AND HILSA FISHERIES by K. Krishnan Nair A PRELIMINARY BIOMETRIC STUDY OF CERTAIN POPULATIONS OF HILSA, HILSA ILISHA (HAM.) by T. V. R. Piilay, Asst. Research Officer, Hilsa Fish Enquiry, Indian Council of Medical Research, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. HILSA FISHERY IN BXHAR by C. P. Varma, Fisheries Development Officer, Bihar (India). PALLA OF SIND by M. Rahimullah Qureshi, Karachi. HILSA FISHERY OF EAST BENGAL by Nazir Ahmad, Pakistan. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PARASITES OF HILSA by Y. R. Tripathi, Barrackpore. HILSA INVESTIGATIONS AT THE CENTRAL INLAND FISHERIES RESEARCH STATION-AIMS & ACHIEVEMENTS by S. Jones, Research Officer (Estuarine) Central Inland Fisheries Re- search Station, Barrackpore, (India). Summary of the movement of Fishery Organization in Indonesia by C. M. Charidjie Kasuma, Puvant Djawatan Perikanan Lant, Djakarta, Indonesia. Socio-economic uplift of the &hermen engaged in Roak fishing in Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India, by B.S. Eaushiva, Deputy Director of Fish- eries, U.P. Lucknow, India. Investigations of indebtedness in a fishing vdlage in the East Coast of the Nadras state by K. N. Anantaraman, Director of Fkheries, Madras, India. Note sur les relations entre employes te patron pecheurs a Nha Trang (Vietnam) par Tran Van Tri, Chef, Bureau des Peches a 1'Institut Oeeano- graphique et Nguyen Chan, Institute Oceanographique, Nha .Trang, Vietnam. Preliminary Report or a comparison of the stocks of Yellow Fin Tuna by W. F. Royce, Fishery Rwearch Biologist, POFI Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, T. H. The Application of Science to Fisheries by A. Husain, Deputy Warden of Fisheries, Punjab, Pakistan. A proposed system for cataloguing the books used in the fishing industries of South & East Asia by C. A. Gibson Hill, Raffles Museum, Singapore. Preliminary bibliography of fishing gears and methods employed in the region covered by the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council by T. W. Burdon, Deputy Director of Fisheries, Singapore. Bibliography of Fishing Gear Preservative. Z7eohnicalPapers [continued) : A vlected bibliography of native-built boats constructed adn used in the region covered by the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council by C. A. Gibson-Hill, Raffles Museum, Singapore. The Economic Marine Algae of Malaysia & Their Applications-111-The Rhodophyta by J. S. Zaneveld, Djakarta. Notes on the Fisheries of Brunei Bay & Labuan Island by A. M. Anderson, Derek Headly and J. A. Tubb. A note on the standardization of methods in quantitative planktological investigation with special reference to marine areas in the Indo-Pacific region. Scheme of investigation on Sardine Fisheries with special reference to the oil sardine Sardinella longiceps submitted by the Indian delegate. A note Dn the Tuna Fishery of India-submitted by the Indian delegate. The Oil Sardine Fishery in India-A review by the Indian delegate.

Symposium Papers : IPFC/C52/SYM 1 Campaign against hdebtcdness among fishermen of Bombay StabRole of Government effort recognized by S. B. Setna, Director of Fisheries, Bombay, India. The Socio-economic programme with special reference to conditions in the Indo-Pacific region by G. L. Kestevan, Chief, Biology Section, FA0 Fisheries Division, Rome, Italy. The Application of Science to Fisheries by S. L. Hora, Zoological Survey of India, Indian Museum,-calcutta, India. 4 Application of Science to Fisheries by J. D. F. Hardenberg, Chief, Labora- torium Penjalidikan Laut Pasar Ikan, Djakarta, Indonesia.

Unnumbered: Speech delivered Oct 19, 1952, over Station DZFM under the auspices of the Committee on Fish Conservation from the City of Manila by Dr. D. V. Villa- dolid. Welcome address of the Honorable, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Joaquin M. Elizalde. Greetings to the Delegates of the Fourth Meeting of the Indo-Pacific Fish- eries Council by Dr. D. V. Villadolid (Director of Fisheries) Chairman, Indo- Pacific Fisheries Council, 1951-52. -4ddress given on October 19, 1952, over station DZFZM by Dr. Cecil Miles, Secretary, IPFC. Address of Honorable Jose S. Camus, Acting Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, at the Fo~rrthMeeting of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Coun- cil, University of the Philippines, November 6, 1952.

Extempore Papers: IPFC/C52/X 1 Statement by Australia Delegation concerning proposed Indo-China Oceano- graphic Institute. Motion for a resolution of the Council arising out of IIJFC/C52/8 Technical Committee I-Sub-Committees ditto. Sddress by Dr. D. '5'. Villadolid, Chairman, 4th Meeting, IPFC, on the In- ternational Institute of Oceanographic Research in the Indo-Pacific Region. Technical Committee 11-Sub-Committees ditto. Supplementary Note from Technical Committee I Resolution to be moved by the Korean delegate for addition to the Resolu- tion contained in IPFC/CS2/34 Rev. 3 Resolution by Chairman Technical Committee I CONTRIBUTED PUBLICATIONS

1. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Publications 12. Raising BaAgos in Ponds No. 1 Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. Fish-Culture in Brackish-Water Ponds of 4, by the Bureau of Fisheries Jaxa, by W. H. Schuster 13. The Raising of Gourami and Other Fresh- 2. Colony of Singapore fisheries Survey Report Water Fishes No. 1 Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. An Introduction to the Fisheries Survey of 5, by the Bureau of Fisheries the Colony of Singapore, with a Consid- eration of the Methodology Employed, 14. Stocking of Inland Waters for Communal Fisheries Department Fishing Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. 3. Annual Report of the Fisheries Department, 6, by the Bureau of Fisheries Singapore, 1951 15. Cybiumn-Bulletin de Z'Associath des Amis Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Proceedings du Laboratoire des Peches Colmiales, Mu- Third Meeting-1st-16th February, 1951 seum National d'Hiateire Naturelle, Paris Madras, 1ndii-sections I1 and 111 16. Notes on the Fishe.ries of Samwalc Indo-Pa&@ Fisheries Council Proceedings Issued under the authority of the Hon. the Third Meeting-1st-16th February, 1951 Acting Chief Secretary, The Secretariat Madras, India-Section I Kuching, September, 1952

Institzbt Oceanographique de Nhatrang (Bu- 17. Printed Matter from Fisheries Agency Jap- reau $Etudes des Peches) Etudes sur les anese Government, 1952. Techniques de Peche du Vietnam, Contribu- a) Biology and Fisheries of Mackerel in tion No. 8. Japan b) Biology and Fisheries of Pacific-Sauiy A Bibliography of Philippines Fisheries in Japan By Guillermo J. Blanco, M.S. (Univ. Wash- c) Distribution of Plankton and Benthos ington), Zoologist and Heraclio R. Mon- in Lake Sagarni, a Reservoir talban, M.A. (Stanford), Chief Division d) Fishing Gear of Synthetic Fiber of Fish Culture and Fisheries Biology e) Fish Preservation f) General Condition of Social Economic Prospecting for Suitable Fishpond Sites Study regarding Japanese Fisheries Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. g) On Fishery for "Zwashi" and Research 1, by the Bureau of Fisheries of its Resources in the Japanese Wa- ters How To Acquire Public Lands for Fishpond h) On Quantitative Distribution of Plank- Purposes ton reproduced in the Northern Pacific Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. i) Outline of Fishing Boat Laboratory 2, by the Bureau of Fisheries j) Recent Trend of Fisheries Statistics in Japan Popular Bulletin No. 2 k) Socio-Economic Aspects of Fisheries In- Scheme of Oyster Farming in the Philip- dustry in Japan pines, by G. J. Blanco, Zoologist and H. R. Montalban, Chief, Division of Fish 18. Inlund Water Fisheries and Aquiculture of Culture and Fisheries Biology, D. V. Japan Villadolid, Ph.D. (Stanford), Director Fisheries Agency, Jap,anese Government, April, 1952 Cons tructwn and Financing of Fishponh Fish Culture Series, Fisheries Leaflet No. 19. Fisheries of, Jawan.., 1952 3, by the Bureau of Fisheries Fisheries Agency, Japanese Government Contributed Publications (continued) : 20. Scienti,iic Researches of Fisheries cawid on 23. Fisheries A bstracts of Japan under Fisheries Agencg, Japanese Govern- (Japanese Language---copy held by Secre- ment, 1952 tariat) Fisheries Agency, Tokyo 24. Popular Bulletin No. 1 Fish Cultivation in Fresh-Wattv Units in 21. Fisheries Programs in Japan, 1965-51 the Phdippines General Headquarters, Supreme Command- Prepared by the Technical Staff, Division er for the Allied Powers of Fish Culture and Fisheries Biology Natural Resources Section Bureau of Fisheries Report No. 152 25. A Bibliography of the Indian Shad, Hilsa ili- Tokyo, 1951 sh (Hamilton) Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 22. An Outline Classification of Fishing Gear & Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 89-99. Prepared by S. Methods in Korea, 1958 Jones. Prepared by Choul Keun Chee 26. Notes on the Fisheries of Sarawak-Issued Chief, Bureau of Fisheries and under the authority of the Hon. the Acting Sang Kyu Nam, Fishing Section, Chief Secretary, The Secretariat, Kuching. Fisheries Experimental Station 27. Fishem'es Statistics of the Philippines, by J. Ministry of Commerce & Industry, R.O.K. R. Montilla & C. R. Dimen. LIST OF DELEGATES & OBSERVERS

New~.berGozt s. Name Designution Address Australia ..... Mr. D. J. Rochford ...... Hydrologist ...... Division of Fisheries (Delegate) CSIRO, Marine Biological Laboratory, Cronulla N.S.W. Australia Mr. H. W. Bullock ..... Australian Legation (Alternate) Room 207, Ayala Bldg. Manila, Philippines Burma ...... Mr. U. Ba Kyaw ...... Fisheries Officer ..... Fisheries Bureau ( Delegate) Shafruz Road Rangoon, Burma Cambodia ...... Mons. Dom-Saveun ...... Chef ...... Cantonnement des Peches (Delegate) Phnom-Pehn, Cambodia France ...... Mons. R. Serene ...... Directeur ...... Institut Oceanographique (Delegate) Nha Trang, Vietnam India ...... Dr. N. K. Panikkar ...... Chief Research Officer Central Marine Fisheries . (Delegate) Research Station, Manda- pan, Camp P.O.S. Rly. South India Indonesia ...... Mr. G. M. Charidjie Kasuma Chief ...... Social-Economic Division (Delegate) Sea Fisheries Dept. Ministry of Agriculture Djakarta, Indonesia Dr. J. D. F. Hardenberg ... Chief ...... Laboratorium Pen jelidikan (Alternate) Laut, Pasar Ikan, Djakar- ta, Indonesia Mr. Amin Katamsi ...... Chief ...... Division Education (Adviser) Inland Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Djakarta, Indonesia Japan ...... Mr. M. Fujinaga ...... Chief ...... Research Division, Fish- (Delegate) eries Agency 2-2 Kasumi- gasaki, Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo, Japan Mr. K. Kuronuma ...... Chief ...... Freshwater Fisheries (Alternate) Research Laboratory Fisheries Agency, Minis- try of Agriculture & For- estry, Tpkyo, Japan Mr. K. Kawakami ...... Secretary ...... First Section, Treaties (Adviser) Bureau, Ministry of For- eign Affairs, Tokyo, Ja- pan Korea ...... Mr. Chee Choul Keun ..... Director ...... Bureau of Fisheries (Delegate) Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Pusan, ROK Mr. Nam Sang Kyu ...... Chief ...... Fishing Section (Alternate) Central Experimental Station, Pusan, ROK Membe~Govts. Name Designation 4 Netherlands .. Dr. C. J. Bottemanne ..... Fisheries Adviser to (Delegate) the Netherlands Min- Westeinde 134, Voorburg istry for Overseas .. Netherlands Mr. D. C. Zwollo ...... Chief ...... Fisheries Division (Alternate) Department of Economics & Technical Affairs Holiandia, Netherlands New Guinea Pakistan . . .. Dr. M. R. Qureshi ...... Director ...... Central Fisheries Depart- ment, Nusserwanjee 33%. Dundas St. Karachi 3, Pakistan Philippines .. Dr. D. V. Villadolid ...... Director ...... Bureau of Fisheries (Delegate) anila, Philippines Mr. C. Martin ...... Chief ...... Division of Fisheries (Alternate) Technology, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila Philippines Mr. H. R. Montalban ...... Chief ...... Division of Fish Culture (Alternate) & Fisheries Biology Bureau of Fisheries Manila, Philippines Mr. J. R. Montilla ...... Chief ...... Division of Commercial (Adviser) Fisheries, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila Philippines Mr. J. G. Sanchez ...... Chief ...... Division of Licenses & (Adviser) Regulations, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila Philippines Mr. A. M. Mane...... Superintendent ...... Philippine Institute of (Adviser) Fisheries Technology Manila, Philippines Mr. J. S. Domantay ...... Ichthyologist ...... Fishery District No. X (Adviser) Zamboanga City Philippines Mr. G. J. Blanco ...... Zoologist ...... Division of Fish Culture (Adviser) & Fisheries Biology Bureau of Fisheries Manila, Philippines Mr. P. R. Manacop ...... Fishery Biologist .... Philippine Institute of (Adviser) Fisheries Technology Bureau of Fisheries Manila, Philippines Mr. A. F. Umali ...... Ichthyologist ...... National Museum, Manila (Adviser) Philippines Mr. T. G. Megia ...... Oceanographer ...... Division of Fish Culture & (Adviser) Fisheries Biology, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila Philippines Thailand ...... Mr. Boon Indrambarya .... Director-General ..... Department of Fisheries (Delegate) Bangkok, Thailand Member Govts. Name Designation United Kingdom Mr. j. A. ~ubb...... Director ...... FisheGes Department (Delegate) Sandakan; British North Boimeo Mr. T. Gorazdowski ...... Fisheries Officer ..... Dcpa~tmentof Agricul- (Alternate) ture Fisheries & Forestry Kon~Tsun St. Laichikok Kov:loon, Hongkong Mr. M. L. Parry ...... Fisha~iesOfficer ..... Dept. of Fisheries, Kuala (Adviser) (N.E. Zone) Trengganu, Federation of Malaya and Singapore Mr. D. R. Niven ...... Fishelk Officer ..... H. Q. Fisheries Dept. (Adviser) (Federation of Malaya & Singapore), Penang Malaya U. S. A...... Dr. 0. L. Meehean ...... Chief ...... Branch of Game-fish and (Delegate) Hatcheries Fish & Wild- life Service, Washington 25, D.C., W.S.A. Dr. W. F. Royce ...... Fishery Research Pacific Oceanic Fishery (Alternate) BioIogist ...... Investigations, Fish & Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 8830, Honolulu, T.H. MY. W. C. Neville ...... Fishery Attach6 ..... American Embassy (Adviser) Tokyo, Japan Mr. C. M. Adams ...... Fisheries Adviser ... MSA Mission to China (Adviser) Taipei,' Taiwan Mr. H. E. Timmis ...... Fisheries Specialist .. STEM to Saigon, Ameri- (Adviser) can Embassy, Saigon Vietnam Vietnam ...... M. Le-Huu-Icy ...... Chef de Mission ..... Ministere des Travaux (Delegate) Publics & Telecomrnunica- tions, Saigon, Vietnam %. Tran-Van-Tri ...... Inspecteur ...... Inspecteur des peches (Alternate) Direction de la navigation Rfinistere de Travaux Publics, Saigon, Vietnam

Observer Name Address Organization

SPC ...... a.. (Dr. 0. L. Meehean) ..... Chief ...... Branch of Game-Fish and Hatcherie; Fish & Wild- life Service, Washington 25, D.C., U.S.A. UNESCO ....*. Dr. A. Wolsky ...... Chief ...... UNESCO S.E. Asia Sci- ence Cooperation Office Dj,alan Dipeogoro 66, Dja- karta, Indonesia Mr. Jan Smid ...... Chief ...... UNESCO East Asia Sci- ence Cooperation Office Padre Faura, Manila Philippines UNO ...... Mr. W. J. Ellis ...... U.N. Resident Tech. U.N. Bldg., Padre Fama Ass. Rep...... Manila, Philippines Observer Organization Name Designation Add~ess PSC ...... (Mr. D. $..Rochford) ..... Hydrologist ...... Division of Fisheries CSIRO Marine Biological Laboratory, Cronulla N.S.W., Australia FA0 ...... Dr. D. B. Finn ...... Director ...... Fisheries Division, FA0 Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome, Italy Mr. W. H. Cummings ..... Regional Represents- FA0 Regional Office tive of the Director- Maliwan Mansion, Phra General ...... Atit Bangkok, Thailand 1.P.P.C...... Dr. Ceil Miles ...... Secretary, Indo-Pacific &gional Fisheries Officer Fisheries Council ... FA0 Regional Office for Asia and the Far East Maliwan Mansion, Phra Atit Road, Bangkok Thailand Dr. G. L. Kesteven ...... Technical Secretary .. Chief Marine Biologist Fisl~eriesDivision, FA0 Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla Rome, Italy Mr. G. M. Gerhardsen ..... Technical Secretary .. Chief Economist Fisheries Division, FA0 Vialle delle Tcrme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy Miss A. Jianp- ...... Conference and Docu- (Technical Assistant) ments Officer ...... Fisheries Division FA0 Regional Office for Asia snd the Far East Maliwan Mansion Bangkok, Thailand Mr. C. L. Coltman ...... Information Officer .. Information Division VAO Regional Office for Asia and the Far East Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Surathoen Bunnag .... Assistant Information Inf or1xation Division Officer ...... FA0 Regional Office for Asia and the Far East Bangkok, Thailand Nme. A. Rosseau ...... Interpreter ...... 157 Blumentritt San Juan, Manila Philippines Mr. A. P. Maiigila ...... Protocol Officer ...... itept. of Foreign Affairs Republic of the Philip- pines, Manila Mr. I. Torres ...... Protocol Officer ...... D&t. of Foreign Affairs Republic of the Philip- pines, Manila Mr. J. A. Villanueva ...... Information Officer .. Cureau of Fisheries Manila, Philippines Dr. S. Santiago ...... Transportation Officer Bureau of Fisheries Manila, Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

0ffice.Bearers. 1952-53 ...... Inside Front.Covev

Welcome Address of the Honorat!c. The %xretaiy of Foreign Affairs. Joaquin M. Elizalde ...... 3

Agenda of the Meeting ...... 5

Proceedings of the Meeting ...... 6

Executive Committee's Report (Appendix 1) ...... 22

Financial Report ...... 37

Budget Report ...... 38

Status of the Fishery 1ndustl.ies of the Indo-Pacific Regian. 1951-1952 ...39

Study by the Council 01 the Conduct of Its Work (Appendix 2) .....49

Reports of Technical Con~mitteeI (Appendix 3) ...... 53

Reports of Technical Committee I1 (Appendix 4) ...... 75

Revised Prospectus for Food Technology Bandbook (Appendix 5) ....80

Study of International 0ceanogi.aphic Requirements (Appendix 6) ...80

Study of the Problems of Cl~anoschanos (Appendix 7) ..82

Study of Seaweeds (Appendix 8) ...... 84

Study of Pelagic-Neritic Fishes (Appendix 9) ...... 85

Appointment of Sub-Committees (Appendix 10) ....86

List of Documents Issued ...... 88

List of Uelegates and Observers ...... 95

0ffice.Bearers. 1951-52 ...... Inside Buck Cover