Walking with Miskwaadesimiskwaadesi

WALKING WITH MISKWAADESIMISKWAADESI

WALKING WITH MISKWAADESIMISKWAADESI Funding for this book has been generously provided by: Aboriginal Funds for Species at Risk (AFSAR) Habitat Stewardship Program (HSP) Museum Assistance Program (MAP) WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI Young Canada Works (YCW) Toronto Zoo Endangered Species Fund TABLE OF CONTENTS

Original drawings, illustrations provided by: Bernice Gordon Miskwaadesi’s Thirteen Challenges pg. 1

Special thanks to Bernice Gordon. Your brilliance, generosity, Acknowledgements pg. 3 dedication and high standards have infused beauty and originality into this labour of love! Introduction pg. 4

Writing and editing contributions by: CHAPTER 1 Morning Prayers pg. 6 Eileen “Sam” Conroy (Wahgeh Giizhigo Migizi Kwe) CHAPTER 2 Turtle Teachings pg. 12 Andrea Harquail Bob Johnson CHAPTER 3 Ontario’s Turtle Families and Species at Risk pg. 20 Basil Johnston Kaitlyn Watson CHAPTER 4 Neighbours and Friends pg. 26 Kim Wheatley (Shkode Neegan Waawaaskone) Shirley Ida Williams (Igizi Ow-Kwe) CHAPTER 5 Healthy Habitats pg. 30

Turtle Stories pg. 38 Available online at: CHAPTER 6 www.turtleislandconservation.ca CHAPTER 7 Turtle Families of the World pg. 46 Any reproduction of this document in whole or in part requires CHAPTER 8 The Importance of Water pg. 52 acknowledgement and written permission by The Toronto Zoo Ways of Knowing Partnership Turtle Island Conservation Programme. CHAPTER 9 Water: Our Business pg. 56

Citation for this document: CHAPTER 10 Frog Friends pg. 60 E. Conroy, K. Wheatley, A. Harquail, K. Watson, B. Johnson 2012 CHAPTER 11 Turtle Tally pg. 64 Walking with Miskwaadesi, Toronto Zoo ISBN: 978-1-895741-52-0 CHAPTER12 What Else Can We Do? pg. 70

Additional companion publication resources include Miskwaadesi & CHAPTER 13 Celebration pg. 74 A’nów:ara Curriculum-based Activities, The Ways of Knowing Guide Earth’s Glossary pg. 79 Teachings, and Species Identifier guides. These are available online atwww. turtleislandconservation.ca or from Turtle Island Conservation at the Toronto Chapter Image Explanations pg. 82 Zoo. Artist Biography pg. 85 Printing by Gage Printed on FSC paper MISKWAADESI’S THIRTEEN CHALLENGES

CHALLENGE 2. Understanding Turtle Teachings CHALLENGE 3. CHALLENGE 1. PG. 18 Who are the turtles in Giving thanks for Ontario and what do all that exists in they look like? Where Creation can you find them? CHALLENGE 5. PG. 18 PG. 24 What does a healthy habitat look like? Do you think the habitat in your community is healthy for CHALLENGE 4. you and me? CHALLENGE 6. Who are my friends Listen to teachings and PG. 36 and neighbours in the stories about turtles wetlands and how are from various Nations they related? PG. 43 PG 26 CHALLENGE 8. Walk for the water, for yourself and for the future

PG. 52 CHALLENGE 7. CHALLENGE 9. Find out about turtles Look at how much around the world water is used PG. 49 PG. 54 CHALLENGE 11. Count the turtle species in your wetland CHALLENGE 10. PG. 62 Listen to the

frogs and CHALLENGE 12. record what you see Do something else for turtles "Challenges are met with great honour especially CHALLENGE 13. PG. 62 Celebration PG. 68 when we know it is for a deep purpose – the PG. 76 betterment of all, especially our Mother Earth. We are guided by vision and dreams, but most of all we are guided by our Spirit and Spirit Helpers."

Josephine Mandamin’s Journal – Mother Earth Water Walkers

1 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION

The sacred Turtle Teachings this project is based upon have existed since Boozhoo, Aanii, and Welcome to Walking with Miskwaadesi! This the beginning of time and are shared to foster and guide generations story is designed to invite readers into the world of Species at Risk, to come. It is with good hearts and minds we honour these original particularly turtles in Ontario, through the eyes of Miskwaadesi—a teachings, so that each one of us can walk the good red road our Painted turtle. This is a journey which enlists the Traditional ancestors planned for us. The Toronto Zoo’s Turtle Island Conservation Knowledge of the Anishinaabe People whose traditional lands (TIC) programme respectfully acknowledges with infinite gratitude those surround the Great Lakes. The wisdom and knowledge contained who have contributed including all First Nation Elders; First Nation in this book includes the authentic voices of recognized Traditional community members; Traditional Knowledge Keepers; First Nation TIC Knowledge Keepers located in the upper Great Lakes region of Advisory Group members; funding partners; First Nation authors; former Ontario, Canada. TIC programme coordinators Benny Michaud, Candace Maracle, and Barbara Filion; TIC assistants Marilyn Desani, Skye Vandenburg, Randy The Toronto Zoo’s Turtle Island Conservation programme hopes that Pittawanakwat, and Jocelyn Pelltier; and the countless children and youth as you take this journey with Miskwaadesi, you will gain an insight who continue to inspire us for generations to come. into the distinct ways of knowing the Anishinaabeg and effectively contribute to the preservation of wetlands and the creatures that Chi Miigwech, Wahgeh Giizhigo Migizi Kwe (Eileen “Sam” Conroy), inhabit them for generations to come. for your tireless, passionate dedication and obvious great love for this project. We are honoured by all of your contributions. Your wealth of All my relations, Misheeken n’dodem, Shkode Neegan Wawaskone, life experience, and commitment to those who have come before us has Shawanaga n’doonji Anishinaabe Kwe n’dow. resulted in a wonderful garden of opportunity for those yet to come! Turtle Clan, Kim Wheatley, Head of the Fire Flower, Shawanaga First Nation, Anishinaabe Woman Baamaampii Gwaabmiin!

3 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 4 MORNING PRAYERS CHAPTER 1 - NTAM GINJIGAN

Nokomis Annie marvelled at the beauty of a new day. The early morning light was just beginning to fill the eastern sky.Biidaaban was calling the sun back for another day’s journey. It was time to sound the dewegan and sing a morning song to greet all of Creation. As Nokomis Annie got ready, she thought about the importance of giving thanks to the Creator for all the gifts given to the Anishinaabeg. Although important, it was sometimes forgotten.

Nokomis Annie liked to use a morning prayer she learned from her friend Shirley, a fluent Anishinaabe language speaker. She stepped out into the warm, morning sunshine and placed an offering of asemaa under a beautiful mitig. She then began her prayer:

5 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 6 Gzhe Minidoo! Miigwech noongwa wabdaamaa miinwaa ngoding giizhigak. Miigwech kina gego gaa-miizhiyaang, kina kiig gaa-tooyin aw sa Nishnaabe wii-miigkadaawsod. Miigwech newiing nekyaa mebimiseg, Miigwech,newiing nekyaa mebiniseg, Miigwech wesiinyag gii-miizhiyang wii-wiisiniyang, Miigwech bineshiinyag noodoonogwaa nagamwaad, Miigwech nbi biinaagkozigoyang, Miigwech gii-miizhiyang nokiiwin! Miinshinaag mina-de’ewin, wii-mina nokiitaadiyang, naadimooshinaag wii-ni-mosaadimaang.

Miigwech Gzhe Minidoo! Miigwech! Miigwech! Miigwech! Nokomis Annie always felt good after saying greeted the morning with the “The Words That this prayer. It reminded her of a visit she made to Come Before All Else,” also called the Thanksgiving the Haudenosaunee community of Tyendinega Address. That morning the students gave Nokomis the week before. When she arrived at the school, Annie a copy of their prayer. On her way home Nokomis Annie heard two students reciting that day, she thought about the similarities the Thanksgiving Address during the morning between the Anishinaabe Morning Prayer and the announcements, a morning prayer of thanks. Their Thanksgiving Address. voices sounded so wonderful! She closed her eyes and thought about how it must have been in times As a little girl, Nokomis Annie was taught by long ago, when all Haudenosaunee people her grandparents the importance of being grateful

7 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 8 and thankful for the many gifts which have been given by the Creator. She was told that, as the youngest members of Creation, humans depend upon everything else for daily life. This included a teaching from her Okomisan about the importance of mitigook. Her Okomisan said that with every breath taken in comes oxygen that the mitig gives as a gift. With every breath out, carbon dioxide returns to the mitig and becomes part of it. One of Tea from the buds and the bark, as well as syrup the responsibilities of mitig is to take up carbon and and sap, all help people to stay healthy. store it in its trunk so the air is clean and healthy. Her Okomisan said that people use carbon from the mitig Nokomis Annie could remember hugging mitigook to make fire. She also shared other responsibilities as a child and it always felt like the mitigook were of mitigook which include making oxygen for the hugging back. She would also place an offering of air and making shade for the earth so it will not asemaa at the bottom of a mitig and say miigwech. get too hot. Mitigook provide food for bugs that It reminded her of how connected humankind is to munch on leaves and their branches become a everything else in Creation. home for birds. Nokomis Annie was taught that bark from mitigook can make good baskets, containers, Now a grandmother, Nokomis Annie must homes, wigwams, and sweatlodges. In traditional think about the ways she can explain to her times, Elders were wrapped in wiigwaas when they grandchildren the importance of First Nations passed over into the Spirit world. She was also told Traditional Knowledge, respect, and gratitude for about the medicines which come from mitigook. the gifts of Creation.

9 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 10 TURTLE TEACHINGS CHAPTER 2 - EKO-NIIZHING GINJIGAN

Ziigwan read the note over one last time as the bus turned off the highway and pulled into the stop in Parry Sound. With a smile, she put the piece of paper into her backpack, nudged her brother Noodin awake, and collected her belongings. Their adventure was about to begin!

Nokomis was waiting at the bus stop and gathered the children in her arms with a big welcome hug as soon as they got off.

“Aaniin! Aaniin! My beautiful grandchildren, I am so glad that you have come. We will have a wonderful summer together!” she exclaimed.

When Nokomis Annie and her grandchildren arrived at her house, there was a fresh pan of baked bannock, fish, andodeminan waiting for them. These were some of their favourite foods and the children could already tell it was going to be a great visit!

After supper, everyone enjoyed watching the colourful sunset over the western edge of the nibi. The children played the listening game and they tried to count the many different sounds they could hear as the birds and other members of Creation sang a goodnight song to the sun. Ziigwan and Noodin noticed that there were more sounds at Nokomis Annie’s house than there were in the city. Just as the mosquitoes started to buzz, cousin Waaban rode up on his bike.

11 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 12 “Aaniin Nokomis, are my cousins here yet? Oh Waaban leaned on the railing, impatiently waiting great! Hey there, Noodin. I am so excited that you for Nokomis Annie to share her dream. are here! Ziigwan, how are you? Did your Nokomis tell you about the work she is doing this summer “You know my children,” Nokomis Annie began, down at the marsh? You should see her up to her “when I was young, my grandparents told me ankles in mud! Nokomis, tell us about your dream that dreams are very important. They hold special again!” Waaban urged. The other children were significance and we should listen to them carefully. excited to hear a story from their Nokomis. I would like to share a dream with you that I had about Turtle Teachings. Do you remember the As the sky began to darken and evening arrived, Creation Story I shared with you last summer?” Nokomis Annie pulled her shawl up over her asked Nokomis Annie. shoulders and settled into her favourite chair. Noodin and Ziigwan curled up at her feet while getting “Yes!” exclaimed Waaban. “That was my comfortable on colourful cushions. favourite story. It is about Turtle Island, right? Can you share it again?” he asked. Ziigwan noticed that Nokomis was wearing a nice pair of moccasins with turtles beaded on each ”Of course, my grandson! It is one of my favourites one. She hoped to have a pair like that some day. as well. I would love to tell you the story shared with me by my grandparents.”

13 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 14 High in the heavens there lived alone a woman, a spirit. Without a companion she became lonely. Gzhe Minidoo took compassion on the Sky-woman and sent her a companion.

She became pregnant and gave birth to twins. Sky-woman remained content but weary.

The water creatures below observed what was happening in the Gladly all the animals tried to serve the spirit despair. When the waiting creatures had given up, heavens and pitied the spirit woman with compassion. They began woman’s request. Amik was one of the first to Zhasgkoonh floated to the surface more dead than looking for ways to help her and eventually persuaded a giant turtle plunge into the depths. He soon surfaced out alive, but he clutched in his paws a small morsel of soil. to rise to the surface of the waters to offer his back as a haven for of breath and without the precious soil. OJiig Where the great had failed the small had succeeded! Sky-woman. The water beings then invited Sky-woman to come too tried, but he too failed. Waabizheshii went down and visit with them. down, came up empty handed, reporting that While Zhasgkoonh was tended to and restored the water was too deep. Maang tried. Although to health, Skywoman painted the rim of Mishiikenh’s The Sky-woman accepted the invitation and left her home in the he remained out of sight for a long time he too back with the small amount of soil that had been skies and rested on the back of Mishiikenh. When she had settled emerged, gasping for air. He said it was too brought to her. She breathed upon it and into on Mishiikenh, she asked the water animals to get some soil from the dark. All tried to fulfill Sky-woman’s request. All it, the breath of life. Immediately the soil grew, bottom of the great seas. failed. All were ashamed. covered the turtle’s back and formed an island. The island formed in this way was called, Mishee Finally the least of the water creatures, Mackinakong, the place of the Great Turtle’s back, Zhasgkoonh volunteered to dive. At his now known as Michilimackinac. announcement the others laughed in scorn, because they doubted this little creature’s strength and For his service to mankind and the spirit woman, endurance. Had not they, who were strong and the turtle became the messenger of thought and able, been unable to grasp soil from the bottom feeling that flows and flashes between beings of of the great seas? How could he, Zhasgkoonh, different natures and orders. He became a symbol of the most humble among them, succeed when they thought given and received. Mishiikenh, slowest of could not? all creatures, represented speed and communication between beings. Nevertheless, the little Zhasgkoonh was determined to dive. Undaunted he disappeared The island home grew in size. The waters into the waves. The onlookers smiled. They waited subsided, the animal beings brought grasses, for the muskrat to emerge as empty handed as flowers, trees and food bearing plants to the Sky- they had done. Time passed. Smiles turned into woman. Into each she infused her life-giving breath worried frowns. The small hope that each had and they lived. nurtured for the success of Zhasgkoonh turned into (adapted from Ojibway Heritage by Basil Johnston, by permission of the author)

15 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 16 When Nokomis Annie finished the story, her The first stars were beginning to sparkle Noodin asked, “Nokomis is that in June? I Waaban hopped on his bike. Noodin and grandchildren began to shuffle restlessly. in the night sky when Nokomis Annie started remember going to the strawberry farm with Ziigwan said their goodbyes and scurried off to to share her dream, “The Miskwaadesi my class to pick strawberries in June.” brush their teeth and change into pajamas. “Gosh, I love that story,” said Noodin. “I family and turtle cousins have lived in the remembered the turtle in the story, but I did not waterways and wetlands of Turtle Island “Yes, that is right Noodin,” said Nokomis “Goodnight my grandchildren,” said Nokomis know that turtles could teach us so much! Are there since Creation. As keepers of stories and Annie with a smile. “Miskwaadesi also told Annie. “Tomorrow will be a busy day.” other things we can learn from Turtle Teachings, knowledge about the nibi and wetlands, they me about thirteen challenges for each moon. Each of the children said their goodnights and Nokomis?” Noodin asked. have responsibilities to communities and to The first challengeis something we do daily, crawled into bed, looking forward to the exciting the Creator. Turtles live very long lives and and that is to give thanks for all that exists “I am so happy you asked that. As a matter of day ahead. tell the stories of wetlands and waterways. in Creation. Her second challenge asks us fact, just the other night I had a dream about an Miskwaadesi asked me, who will take to understand Turtle Teachings, such as the old turtle. This turtle’s name was Miskwaadesi. She over those responsibilities when the turtles calendar she carries on her back and the spoke to me about her turtle troubles,” Nokomis are gone? There are fewer of them to fulfil Creation Story. The rest of the challenges will Annie explained. the responsibilities given by the Creator,” help us to show respect for Mother Earth. That Nokomis Annie said quietly. will help to make the world a better place! As you can see my grandchildren, there are She paused for a few moments with her many things to learn from Miskwaadesi. eyes closed, remembering the words and Walking in her footsteps may be challenging, the sad voice of the old turtle. “Miskwaadesi but it is important so we can learn that there reminded me about a traditional Turtle are different ways of knowing.” Teaching. Her shell is our calendar. In my dream, she used her claws to draw a turtle “Wow, Nokomis, there is a whole lot to shell in the soft sand at the edge of the marsh. learn,” Waaban said as he yawned. “But She then cut the shell into thirteen parts, which gosh, I am tired! This has been such a great represent the thirteen full moons of every year. day and I am looking forward to learning With each changing moon, there are different more about Miskwaadesi and what her seasonal activities. For example, during challenges can teach us,” said Waaban. Odemiin Giizis, which is Strawberry Moon, “We should get ready for bed,” Nokomis we gather strawberries.” Nokomis explained. Annie said.

17 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 18 ONTARIO’S TURTLE FAMILIES AND SPECIES AT RISK CHAPTER 3 - EKO-NSING GINJIGAN

“Good morning Nokomis,” said Noodin and playing down by the creek,” Noodin said excitedly. Ziigwan, as they bounced into the brightly lit kitchen “I like that it is called the turtle that carries the sunset for breakfast. on its back. It sure does have a lot of red, orange, and yellow on its shell and I like the stripes on its “Good morning my children! Did you sleep well?” neck and feet!” he exclaimed. their Nokomis asked. Ziigwan jumped in, “Those turtles like to sit on With a big smile Noodin gave his Nokomis a big the big logs which stick out of nibi.” Nokomis Annie hug and pulled out a chair to sit beside her while nodded her head in agreement. Ziigwan sat down across from them. “What are you working on today?” he asked. Nokomis Annie was Looking at the poster Noodin added, “I have sitting at the kitchen table with her journal, a poster seen snapping turtles on the edge of the road. Mom decorated with turtles, and a few pamphlets beside said that they were trying to lay their eggs. I always her cup of tea. wondered why they wanted to put their eggs along a road instead of someplace safer.” “Here children, take a look at this poster from the Toronto Zoo. It shows turtles and it is in our language. Nokomis Annie smiled at Noodin and said, “I Can you recognize any of the turtles in the poster? I remember seeing some of them when I was young. thought about what Miskwaadesi said to me and I We used to go down to the big marsh and the other wondered about the turtles that are disappearing,” wet places in the summer to pick medicine plants. In Nokomis Annie said to her grandchildren. the fall, we dug roots there as well. For many years, Uncle Buddy trapped zhashkoonh and amik in the “Oh Nokomis, look! There is Miskwaadesi. I saw big marsh with his grandfather. They knew almost that beautiful turtle here last summer when we were every trail and waterway through the cattails. I think

19 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 20 that he knows about some of the other turtle species “Nokomis, this poster says that seven turtle life form is able to change the place where it lives, that lived around here. He always talked about a species in Ontario are at risk. What does that its habitat, at will. Changes within a community turtle that carried a map on its back. We will have to mean?” asked Noodin. happen, but they take place over long periods of go and talk to him about Miskwaadesi. I remember time so the life forms can adapt. That means we Uncle Buddy saying that he knows when it is time to “Here are some pamphlets that talk about Species cannot move an animal or plant to someplace new prepare for hunting season when he no longer sees at Risk” said Nokomis Annie. “I was reading them and expect it to survive. After thousands of years of Miskwaadesi basking in the sun. This is because and thinking about what it means to be at risk or watching, listening, and thinking about the world Miskwaadesi is one of the first turtles to dig down threatened. I wrote down some ideas in my journal. around us, we Anishinaabeg have come to an into the mud at the bottom of the ponds to begin its Do you want to hear them?” The children nodded understanding that all life forms are interdependent. winter sleep.” their heads with excitement. That means that everything is connected together.” Nokomis Annie finished her thought and then “There is supposed to be room for everyone and Nokomis Annie looked over at the poster Noodin paused for a moment. was holding, “Now that I think about it, I have not everything. That is biodiversity. Turtle history is a part “Imagine that! A winter without a coat? They seen the pretty little turtle with the stars on its back of our history. If a life form disappears, the entire ”Wait Nokomis,” said Ziigwan. “I noticed would have no way to keep warm and nothing for a long time. They used to be in the big marsh, community suffers and it will never be the same something interesting the other day while walking to to eat! Zoogpo covers everything in the winter,” out by the bay. I remember them laying their eggs again,” explained Nokomis Annie. the pond. The milkweed plants caught my eye and agreed Ziigwan. in the soft gravel near the edge of the marsh, just I noticed that all around them were beautiful orange She continued speaking, “You know, my Nokomis Annie nodded in agreement and sipped at the beginning of Odemiin Giizis.” The children butterflies! Are butterflies connected to everything?” grandchildren, my Auntie Sadie once told me that no her tea. She thoughtfully continued, “As they travel continued looking at the turtle posters, wondering she asked. south, the monarch sleeps in oyamel mitigook, what turtle eggs looked like. “Yes,” answered Nokomis Annie. “Ziigwan, do which look like our spruce mitigook. However, these you remember last summer when we found that mitigook are being cut down for wood and soon pretty monarch butterfly? The young monarch only there may be no place for monarchs to spend their eats milkweed leaves, so if these plants are sprayed winters. There may come a time when those beautiful with pesticides, there will be no food for the young butterflies do not dance in our fields.” Ziigwan’s eyes monarchs. This butterfly goes all the way to Mexico quickly filled with tears thinking about the loss of in the fall because it cannot survive Canadian butterflies. She treasured a pair of beautiful butterfly winters with the ice and snow.” earrings she was given as a little girl from Nokomis Annie. This gift sparked Ziigwan’s love for butterflies. “It sure is cold here in the winter,” Noodin said to Ziigwan. “Good thing I have my winter coat. But Noodin understood his sister’s feelings and butterflies do not have coats!” wondered, “How do other plants and animals survive in the winter, Nokomis?”

21 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 22 “Some plants and “Nokomis, listen to this! Many of the Species at animals can adjust to Risk in Canada are found around bodies of nibi. seasonal weather changes. Our brothers the deer, The pamphlet says over seventy percent of the grow an extra coat of fur for the winter,” explained wetlands in our Great Lakes watershed have been Nokomis Annie. “Some, like bears, find shelter drained, yet many of our fish used for food begin many medicine plants that depend on amik to create “Nokomis, it is not only turtles that are important. underground in caves. Others must move away, like as eggs in a wetland. Wow! Wetlands are a great wetlands to help them grow and stay healthy.” We will have to find out about nibi, wetlands, geese and ducks in the fall, or leave behind a seed place to grow! We all need to worry about the communities, and more if we are to have a good for next season, just as some plants do.” loss of wetland habitat. I never realized how many Noodin and Ziigwan continued listening to their understanding of how we are all connected. This is plants and animals are dependent on our nibi,” said Nokomis. They wondered where they might find going to be a big challenge!” exclaimed Noodin Nokomis continued, “Many animals, plants, Ziigwan. Noodin shook his head in agreement with medicine plants around the lake. with a smile. and elements are under stress or ‘at risk.’ It is his sister. important that science acknowledges how fragile “Our turtle brothers and sisters tell us that wetland Nokomis Annie gave her grandson a big our ecosystems are. First Nations people have “When you think about it,” said Nokomis Annie, communities are also at risk. Turtles have the role hug. “You are right, my boy! I am so glad that understood this for thousands of years, or as some “our wetlands are important for our health and and responsibility in wetlands to keep nibi clean. you are here to help us. Now I understand why say, ‘since the beginning of time.’ This is why we wellness too. This is true because they clean our They do this by looking after animals that die and by Miskwaadesi has come to see me. There is a lot of are asked to be respectful of other life forms.” water and many of our medicine plants grow around eating some of the insects that grow and reproduce work to be done!” Nokomis Annie sipped her tea. Ziigwan opened the wetlands. My Okomisan spent a lot of time harvesting in the wetland. When I see turtle species on a poster Toronto Zoo’s Species at Risk pamphlet on the table. healing plants from the marsh near our home. I still go like this from the Toronto Zoo, it makes me sad. It there when I need to make medicinal teas. There are is not just turtles who are at risk, but it is the entire wetland community. Animals, like our First Nation communities, all depend upon one another,” said Nokomis Annie.

Noodin sat very quietly, thinking about his grandmother’s words, “What is Miskwaadesi’s next challenge for us?” he asked.

Nokomis Annie reflected onMiskwaadesi’s words, as she recalled the third challenge from her dream: “Who are the turtles in Ontario and what do they look like? Where can you find them?”

Noodin and Ziigwan excitedly jumped up out of their chairs as their grandmother repeated Miskwaadesi’s words.

23 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 24 NEIGHBOURS AND FRIENDS CHAPTER 4 - EKO-NIIWING GINJIGAN

After a morning spent with their grandmother, Every life form, no matter how small or large, Noodin and Ziigwan went outside for a bike needs food, water, shelter, and space. All things ride to the nibi with Waaban. It was a hot exist within a web of interdependence. If the day and perfect for a swim! Nokomis Annie web is damaged or changed, all life forms are packed a delicious picnic lunch of fried fish affected.” Nokomis Annie enjoyed explaining these and bannock for the children. Once they were relationships to her grandchildren, just like her down at the nibi, Waaban unpacked the picnic Okomisan explained to her long ago. lunch for everyone to enjoy. After a quick swim, the children gathered up all of their belongings The grandchildren continued listening with and headed back to Nokomis Annie’s house. interest. “Living within this web over thousands At home, the children began asking Nokomis of generations, First Nations people have come Annie more questions about Miskwaadesi. to understand some of the delicate relationships that are necessary for life to continue in balance. “Nokomis, what is Miskwaadesi’s fourth Imagine the berries that ripen to feed the bear challenge?” Waaban asked. before a long sleep. We too depend on the berry harvest to feed us over our long winter. This is all His grandmother answered, trying to clearly part of our Traditional Knowledge passed down recite the old turtle’s words, “Who are my friends from one generation to the next. We give thanks and neighbours in the wetlands? How are they to the sun and understand that the sun provides related?” energy which all life forms need.”

“Nokomis, there are so many different animals “I knew that already,” exclaimed Ziigwan. “I and plants in the world. How does anyone learned in my science class that animals who eat understand all the relationships in a wetland?” plants are called herbivores! They get their energy asked Ziigwan. from the sun too!” she said with excitement.

“I wonder that too,” said Waaban, as he sat in Nokomis Annie continued speaking. “Some his favourite chair on the porch. animals get their energy by eating other animals. What are these called, Ziigwan?” Nokomis Annie replied, “There are many animals that are part of the web of life which “That is a carnivore,” she answered. “Omnivores support Miskwaadesi. I remember my Okomisan eat both plants and animals to get their energy,” she explaining the many ways things are connected. said proudly.

TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 26 “Good job, my girl!” exclaimed Nokomis Annie. “The relationships between animals are similar to the relationships between First Nations clans. We understand that our doodemwan or clans have interconnected responsibilities based on their original instructions given by the Creator. We must acknowledge that our First Nations communities function best when clans work together for the health of all. These understandings are thousands of years old and they are very important to Our People,” Nokomis Annie explained. The children stretched their legs while contemplating the wisdom of First Nations. This made them think about their own doodemwan.

Nokomis continued. “The Anishinaabe Nations are divided into clan groupings. Anishinaabe clans are inherited through their fathers. Traditionally, these clans have special characteristics and responsibilities within the community. Clans also serve as a system of traditional government. Today there are five recognized clans including the crane, bear, marten, turtle and fish,” Nokomis Annie explained.

“Each of these clans hold different traditional roles. The Crane clan’s traditional responsibility is leadership, the Bear clan’s is defense, sustenance falls under the Marten clan, learning under the Fish clan, and

medicine under the Turtle clan’s responsibilities. This and to their family members they had outside of the is the community model we followed representing city! The children understood the importance of their the five needs of people and the five functions of family ties. It was also exciting to learn that clan society in Anishinaabe traditional teachings. Later, members are not always blood related and that one other clans were added.” can meet new clan members in all sorts of places, even in the city. Noodin wondered aloud if all First Nations people use the clan system. His Nokomis answered, The summer had come to an end and Nokomis “My friend Jan, from the community of Tyendinega, Annie was going to miss her grandchildren when explained to me that the Haudenosaunee People they went back to school. However, Nokomis Annie are also divided into clan groupings. The three had faith that Ziigwan and Noodin were leaving main clans are Turtle, Bear, and Wolf. Clans sit with knowledge that they would share with their together for ceremony in specific areas of the classmates and friends. They had made so many longhouse. Haudenosaunee clans are inherited plans to help Miskwaadesi that Nokomis Annie through their mothers.” could hardly wait for them to come back to continue their work! These clan relationships helped Ziigwan and Noodin understand their connection to Wasauksing

27 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 28 HEALTHY HABITATS CHAPTER 5 - EKO-NAANANING GINJIGAN

During a visit to the marsh, Nokomis However, the food must be nutritious and healthy, Annie stopped to observe changes in the nibiish drinkable and clean, and the shelter must the season. She placed an offering of protect creatures from weather and predators. Every asemaa at the edge of nibi, sat down plant and animal needs enough space to find food, on her favourite rock, and closed water and shelter. He also explained that shelter her eyes while she focused on the includes a place to be cared for. Shelter is more than sounds of the community. When a house, it is a home! Nokomis Annie first sat down, there were few sounds coming from the There is an understanding in Creation that each marsh. After she had settled down plant and animal on Aki has its own special place. on that old Mishomis rock, the Nokomis Annie thought about her needs and animals went back to their work realized that because humans were the last created, and she heard their sounds again. they depend upon every other member of Creation.

Nokomis Annie remembered The sun was warm on Nokomis Annie’s back when she was a little girl, helping and she was starting to nod off when she sensed her grandfather catch minnows in something watching her. She opened one eye slowly the marsh. There were many things and there at her feet sat Miskwaadesi! The old turtle’s to look at and listen to at the nibi shell was wet and sparkling in the afternoon sun. such as bineshiinh singing and “Aaniin Nokomis, it is good to see you today. I was mogkii croaking. It was a place full hoping that you would come by,” said Miskwaadesi. of life! Her grandfather talked to her about the marsh and the wonderful Nokomis Annie told the old turtle that she was gifts it had to offer. He talked about grateful for all of the sights and sounds of life in how much it was needed. Nokomis the wetland. Miskwaadesi nodded her ancient Annie’s grandfather told her that all head in agreement. living things have four basic needs— food, water, shelter, and space.

29 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 30 readily shared themselves with you. Those first humans agreed and showed their gratitude every morning by offering their asemaa, prayers, and thanksgiving to Gzhe Minidoo,” explained Miskwaadesi.

The old turtle continued, “As time went by, the humans became forgetful. They were so busy enjoying the gifts of Creation that they forgot to be grateful. Gzhe Minidoo looked down upon all of Creation and was very disappointed to see that humans were not showing gratitude. The Creator decided to destroy Aki and everything on it. The Migizi understood the Creator’s thoughts and spoke up in defence of humans who were young and weak. The Migizi asked that humans be given another chance. The Creator sent Migizi to fly over all of Creation, from east to west, looking for a lodge where humans were showing thanks and gratitude. The Creator promised to spare Creation if good news was brought back. At dawn the next day, the Migizi set out on his journey across Turtle Island, flying from east to west, searching for signs The old turtle spoke again in her quiet voice, of thanks. At the very last village, in a tiny lodge “It is your responsibility to be thankful for the gifts at the end of the trail, the Migizi saw a thin plume that have been given to you. This reminds me of a of smoke rising up to the sky. The smoke was from very old teaching from long ago. After the Creator the asemaa which an old Nokomis and Mishomis placed on their morning fire. The elderly couple was thought everything into existence and placed all were given the responsibility to provide humans offering a prayer of thanksgiving, speaking to all the the elements, plants, and animals on Aki, the with food and to make sure that nibi stayed clean different plants, animals, elements, and helpers that Creator gave each their responsibilities. Then, when and healthy,” explained the old turtle. Miskwaadesi surrounded them. The Migizi flew back to the Sky- everything was ready, the Creator created humans,” paused briefly to observe a beautiful, red dragonfly world to report to the Creator that he had found a said Miskwaadesi. zip across the pond. couple who remembered to be grateful. The Creator “My turtle ancestors shared this story with me. They “All that the Creator asked of you, the youngest was pleased and promised to spare Creation as talked about how much the humans depended on of Creation, was that you show gratitude and give long as there was evidence of thanks and gratitude.” us. We, the older brothers and sisters of Creation, thanks for the other members of Creation who so Miskwaadesi took a deep breath and closed her eyes.

31 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 32 each member of the turtle family is unique and has a special place, responsibility, and role. Sometimes, more than one turtle family will live in a wetland,” said Nokomis Annie.

“I am pleased your Auntie Jan knows so much about my turtle family!” said Miskwaadesi. “Those of us who wear the colours of Miskwaadesi only like to Nokomis Annie remembered the story and thanked Miskwaadesi for bringing it eat plants and seeds, tiny water plants, little minnows, back to her memory. snails, tadpoles, worms, and sometimes little insects found along the shore,” the old turtle shared. The turtle continued her teaching, “The Old People say that is why humans need to begin the day with a prayer of thanks, acknowledging all other “My family can only live in marshes, ponds, and members of the great community which work together to make life possible. bays that have rocks and logs where we can bask When Migizi flies from east to west every morning as the sun rises, it gathers up in the sun to soak up its warm rays. I did not start humankind’s prayers and takes them to the Creator.” making nests until I was ten years old. When it was time to lay eggs, I returned to my nesting area near This teaching helped Nokomis Annie to understand the importance of the shoreline. My hatchlings climbed out of the nest gratitude and thanks for Creation. It was important that she also teach this to her and hurried back to the nibiing. When they hatch grandchildren so they could continue giving thanks to the Creator for the world they need to find shelter in the water and plants to around them. be safe from the herons, raccoons, and big fish who like to eat them.” Nokomis Annie thought about the “My Auntie Jan is Turtle clan,” Nokomis Annie explained to Miskwaadesi, eggs she saved last year by placing a protective “She knows a lot about turtles. She told me that turtle families have specific covering over them. She hoped that most of those needs for food, water, shelter, and space. Some of their needs are similar, but turtle babies survived.

33 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 34 Miskwaadesi continued to explain to Nokomis Annie, “One of the responsibilities carried on by my turtle babies is to ensure that nibi in the marsh is clean and safe. We are also responsible for bringing the message of changing seasons to other animals and plants which live in the wetlands. The Painted turtle is one of the first turtles to hibernate in autumn. I think that is why my shell has those pretty, fall leaf colours on it! I still need plenty of space to live, sunning logs, and rocks to warm my body after the long winter. I communicate with the Creator and all other plants and animals in the wetland.”

“Did you know that if my environment is healthy, some of my cousins can live to be over one hundred years old?” Miskwaadesi asked. “However, many of my family members are not living as long anymore. Changes in the marsh are making it difficult for us. You know, Nokomis Annie, when you were a little girl, you could not sit on that Mishomis rock where you are sitting now because it was under nibi! The marsh has been shrinking in size and that means every living thing has less space to live. Where did all the nibi go?” Miskwaadesi asked in a troubled voice. “The nibi is warmer than it used to be and it is Nokomis Annie thought about Miskwaadesi’s not as good to drink. I am trying hard to keep nibi words as the old turtle slipped quietly into nibi. She clean but there used to be many more turtles to help. watched as Miskwaadesi swam out of sight, leaving Now there are only a few cousins and myself. We behind ripples in the water and time to think about cannot keep up with all the work that must be done.” the teaching which was shared. She wondered what Miskwaadesi blinked, snapped at a damselfly that happened to the nibi. Where did it go? What might landed near the edge of nibi, and slowly turned happen if Miskwaadesi and her turtle cousins are away from the shore. gone? How are we to keep our obligation to Gzhe Minidoo? Who will keep nibi clean in the wetland? “My fifth challenge asked you to find out what She got up slowly and walked back to the house. turtles need to survive. What does a healthy habitat Nokomis Annie had a lot to think about. look like? Do you think the habitat in your community is healthy for you and me?” Miskwaadesi asked.

35 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 36 TURTLE STORIES CHAPTER 6 - EKO-NGODWAACHING GINJIGAN

Noodin and Ziigwan were back from the city to “Nokomis, I am having trouble getting to sleep. visit with Nokomis Annie over the winter holidays. Will you tell us a story about the animals and the There was snow in the bush and the snow banks plants?” asked Noodin. along the roads were getting high. Noodin was looking forward to using the old aagimog and Nokomis Annie had her old journal tucked under spending some time on Uncle Buddy’s trap line. The her arm. She settled down in the big rocking chair swamps and marshes were frozen and it was time and opened her journal to a page where she had to set traps on the muskrat push-ups. After supper, drawn a turtle’s shell. She looked at the drawing for Noodin eagerly looked in the shed for all the a few moments thoughtfully and started to speak in equipment he needed for the morning when Uncle her quiet, calm voice. “Winter time is Atsokanan. Buddy arrived. Everything was ready for their big This is the time of stories and teachings,” she began. adventure! It would be fun to travel over the frozen “Our People say that we should wait until the snow marsh and the swamp without getting wet feet. is on the ground and the plants and animals are sleeping before we begin telling stories about them.” When it was time for bed, Noodin had trouble falling asleep because he was so excited about the “Yes Nokomis, I remember. Can you share a next morning! He turned over and over on the beds. story about the animals that live in the marsh? I am looking forward to going out with Uncle Buddy “Nokomis, Noodin will not settle down. I cannot tomorrow. It will be the first time I have been out on go to sleep. He will not stop rolling around and the marsh in the winter time,” said Noodin. making noise!” complained Ziigwan. Nokomis Annie nodded and was quiet for a Nokomis Annie came into the room. “What is few moments while she gathered her thoughts. “I happening in here?” she questioned. can remember the stories that my Mishomis used to

37 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 38 Nokomis Annie recalled one of her favourites her trembling in fear that it was otter returning to catch grandfather used to tell. the turtle for lunch. At that time, mishiikenh did not wear a hard shell as it does today and she had no “One time when Aki was new, Nanaboozhoo way of protecting herself from danger. She heard was out walking along the banks of a small stream someone coming along the path, making loud naming all of Creation. His stomach was rumbling grumbling and rumbling sounds, just like thunder! and grumbling and he was looking for something Quickly, the timid mishiikenh pulled her head back to eat. He just finished eating a small handful of into the shade of the hollow log before she was ripe odemiinan. As he walked, he sang a song of seen. Her little heart beat like a dewegan.” thanksgiving to the leader of the berries for giving its life to feed him. Still, his stomach rumbled and “She was so shy and used to hiding away grumbled because Nanaboozhoo needed more because the other animals always made fun of her. than a sweet snack!” At that time long ago, the little mishiikenh had a very hard time getting around safely. She had four legs, “The rumbling and grumbling sounds got louder. a beautiful tail, a long neck, and pretty face, but The sounds woke a small green mishiikenh, who her body looked as though something was missing.” was hiding inside a hollow log nearby. The timid Nokomis Annie paused for emphasis and continued mishiikenh peeked out her head from inside the log, with the story.

tell us in the winter time when we were small. He and my Okomisan lived in a two-room log house. We used to sleep in one room and the other room was our kitchen. The wood stove in the kitchen kept us nice and warm in the winter time. There was always a line of mittens and socks drying behind the stove. I also remember a big table and benches to sit at, and a cupboard for our food and dishes. In the day time, we rolled up the mattresses and sat on them like a couch. We went to bed when it got dark, used a coal oil lamp for light in the house, and carried our nibi from the well down the road. There was always a pot of giishkaandag-niibiishaaboo on the stove and fresh bannock to eat. At night, when we were all tucked into our blankets, my grandfather would tell us stories about Nanaboozhoo and the animals and plants. Do you remember who Nanaboozhoo is?” asked Nokomis Annie.

“Of course we do! We love stories about him!” exclaimed Ziigwan.

39 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI “The little green mishiikenh did not like to come looking for his giigoonh supper. The sun was shining the shadows of the mitig and spotted a fine rainbow “‘Come on out and share some giigoonh with out during the day because the hot summer sun down on Nanaboozhoo’s back as he paddled the trout resting in the shade of the mitig roots. Carefully, me,’ invited Nanaboozhoo. The little mishiikenh burned the soft skin on her back. She had to hunt for jiimaan back to shore. He was just about to give Nanaboozhoo aimed his spear and sent it through could smell giigoonh and it smelled so good! food in the early morning and just before nightfall. up when the little green mishiikenh crept out of the the nibi. Before you could blink, he was holding She carefully looked to the left, and then to the Life was very hard for the shy mishiikenh. When hollow log and offered to help. a fat trout on the end of his spear. Nanaboozhoo right. There was no one else around. Cautiously, she was looking for food, she had to be alert and placed the trout in the bottom of the jiimaan and mishiikenh took a step out of her hiding place and listening for the sounds of danger. Nanaboozhoo “‘Nanaboozhoo, Nanaboozhoo,’ called the soft tried again. After a few moments he caught enough scurried over to the fire to nibble on somegiigoonh .“ passed very close by the old hollow log but he did voice of mishiikenh. ‘If you want to catch giigoonh, giigoonyag for a feast!” not notice the little mishiikenh who watched him. go down to the bend in the stream where the big “Nanaboozhoo looked down at the little green Along the shore, Nanaboozhoo found an overturned beautiful mitig hangs over the nibi. Look under the “Nanaboozhoo returned the jiimaan back to mishiikenh and noticed the stripes on her body. ‘Little bark jiimaan. How inviting it looked! This gave mitig roots and you will find lots ofgiigoonh .’ the stream bank where mishiikenh rested. Then, mishiikenh, why were you hiding in the log?’ he Nanaboozhoo an idea. He would catch some Nanaboozhoo made a fire for his feast. Soon, the asked. Mishiikenh blushed and told Nanaboozhoo “‘Ah-ho,’ said Nanaboozhoo. ‘Gchi- miigwech, giigoonh and have a feast!” air around him was filled with the wonderful smells how embarrassed she was to have no way of little mishiikenh! I will try there.’ Nanaboozhoo of giigoonh cooking. Delicious! Nanaboozhoo protecting herself. She spoke about the other animals “He got into the jiimaan and paddled up the turned the jiimaan downstream. He paddled right looked around, trying to spot the little mishiikenh teasing her, poking her with sticks, and scratching stream. He had his spear ready, but he could not down to the bend and there stood a great old black who had helped him catch his supper. He found the her with their claws when they played games.” see any giigoonh swimming. Where were the willow mitig with its branches tickling the surface of little mishiikenh, still hiding in the hollow log.” giigoonh, he wondered? His stomach still grumbled the nibi. The branches made little ripples as the nibi “Nanaboozhoo sat by the fire for a few moments loudly. He paddled around and around the stream flowed past.Nanaboozhoo pulled the jiimaan into deep in thought. He was grateful to mishiikenh for her help and he wanted to honour her. ‘I have an

41 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 42 idea!’ exclaimed Nanaboozhoo. He picked up a known as Miskwaadesi. She would walk with great round, gray siniis from the edge of the stream and he dignity and pride, thanks to Nanaboozhoo!” set the siniis on the little turtle’s bare back. It fit nicely. Nanaboozhoo took a stick and carefully carved “‘Gchi-miigwech Nanaboozhoo!’ said the siniis so it would fit over top and under the little Miskwaadesi happily.” mishiikenh like a coat. Nanaboozhoo showed “‘Gchi-miigwech to you Miskwaadesi, for your mishiikenh how to put her legs through the holes on kindness has been repaid today! You will walk the sides of the siniis. He helped her stick her tail out from this day onward with a new covering on of the back and her long beautiful neck and head your back. It will be called your shell. The out of the front. She could no longer scurry and run sections I have carved on your shell are a about because the siniis was quite heavy. Now she calendar for everyone to see. There are had to learn to crawl and move slowly. The little large sections to represent the thirteen mishiikenh cried tears of joy and felt gratitude as she full moons every year, and the smaller moved in her new shell.” sections represent the number of days “Nanaboozhoo then took out his paint brush between each full moon. You have and his paints. ‘Come here little mishiikenh. You earned this for showing me such have such beautiful stripes. I will paint the colours kindness on this day.’“ of the sunset on your back if you sit still.’ Mishiikenh “Nanaboozhoo went on trembled with excitement. She dragged her shell his way, rubbing his full stomach over to Nanaboozhoo’s side and sat patiently while because of the kindness of a little green he tickled her back and belly with the paintbrushes. mishiikenh! Miskwaadesi went on her Nanaboozhoo took a sharp stick and carefully way, wearing a new covering with scratched out thirteen large sections for each moon, dignity and a heart filled with gratitude.” and to honour each day of the moon, he marked out twenty-eight smaller sections on the back of siniis. He The sound of soft snoring made painted the edges of the shell with colours. The little Nokomis Annie look over at the sleeping turtle was now covered with green, brown, yellow, children as she finished her story. She red, and orange stripes. When Nanaboozhoo was remembered Miskwaadesi’s words which done, the little mishiikenh carried her shell down described the challenge: “My sixth challenge to the stream to look at her new covering. How asks you to listen to teachings and stories beautiful she looked! The shell was as hard as the about mishiikenh.” Nokomis was excited to siniis had been and now she would not have to hide share the stories that she knew and stories she away in fear. This little mishiikenh would now be would learn with her grandchildren on their visit!

43 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE FAMILIES OF THE WORLD CHAPTER 7 - EKO NIIZHWAACHING GINJIGAN

Nokomis Annie was sleeping in her favourite rocking chair when she woke up suddenly. She had been watching Aboriginal People’s Television Network. Noodin and Ziigwan were back in the city after their winter holidays in Wasauksing. They kept very busy during their visit and Nokomis Annie was tired! She had fallen asleep and dreamt about Miskwaadesi talking about the various challenges.

45 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 46 “Youth need to remember the sea turtle and its life journey home,” she said out loud. Nokomis Annie understood how strong the sea turtle’s call to return home was.

Nokomis Annie thought back to when she was younger and had to move to the city to go to school. It was so hard for her to be away from home. She remembered how she used to sit outside at night and look up at the stars, thinking about home and the family and friends that she missed. She was so lonely for home then and realized that sea turtles must feel that way too.

Imagine, she thought, walking into the sea as a tiny baby turtle and spending the next twenty years swimming through the oceans, far from home. How happy that turtle must be when it returns to the beach where its life began, so it can lay its eggs and begin the cycle of life over again!

Nokomis Annie remembered reading about turtles caught in fish nets and beaches being turned into parking lots, hotels, and resorts. She thought it must be confusing for turtles to travel to their birth place and not find their home.

This made her think about something a teacher once told her. She was learning about animals and her teacher said that the turtle is one of the few animals that has a home on its back. She The television was still on and it was playing a The sea turtle story is a journey of many kilometres thought a lot about this. The turtle may have a special show about turtles. It showed images of baby and years. The baby turtle hatches from its egg and house on its back, but a home is more than just sea turtles hatching on the sandy shores of Australia. swims through the seas and oceans of the world. shelter—it includes food, a special place to live This reminded Nokomis Annie of distant brothers and It comes back to lay eggs on the very same beach sisters, the Aborigines, and their connection to turtles. it was born, instinctively finding its way home. This It seemed that Indigenous people worldwide had reminded Nokomis Annie of young people who many teachings about turtles. often journeyed from her community to find a job, go to school, or find their own path.

47 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 48 in, clean nibi, and shelter too. This was the moment jelly fish in the ocean near Nova Scotia. Nokomis and spent some time reading and thinking about sea Nokomis Annie began to realize that that Nokomis Annie realized that there is no place Annie was happy to hear that fishermen were turtles, comparing them to fresh water turtle species. Miskwaadesi and her turtle relatives have so much like home, even for turtles! helping the rescue of turtles trapped in nets. Nokomis Annie was excited to share this new knowledge to share! Humans must try very hard to Scientists have found these same turtles near the information with her grandchildren. change destructive behaviours so that turtles around The television show explained that sea turtles Island of Trinidad in the Caribbean Ocean-a the world will survive for generations to come. are under great stress with the loss of habitat and journey of over 3 000 kilometres! It made her sad Nokomis Annie explained to the librarian that pollution of ocean nibi. Plastic bags and rings to think about the terrible difficulties turtles must turtles have been around for 225 million years and That night, Nokomis Annie went home thinking floating in thenibi cause many turtles to die when overcome to survive in today’s world. that worldwide, many turtles are in danger from loss about the importance of wetland conservation. She they mistakenly eat the plastic, thinking it is food. of habitat. The librarian was very surprised when she thought about turtle species around the world and Later that day, Nokomis Annie walked through the learned this new information. their need for help. Suddenly the world seemed so “This is so sad!” Nokomis Annie exclaimed out wet slush to the school to ask for help to find out more much smaller to her. If everyone worked together, loud. “We have similar problems that affect our turtles about Miskwaadesi’s seventh challenge, ”find out they could help make a big difference. here in our wetlands too.” about turtles located around the world.” The librarian helped Nokomis Annie search for information on sea The television show continued talking about a turtles and tortoises. She found an interesting website sea turtle called the leatherback who feeds on

49 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 50 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER CHAPTER 8 - EKO-NWAACHING GINJIGAN

After learning about turtles from around the world, Miskwaadesi’s words blazed in Nokomis Annie’s Nokomis Annie was excited to learn about turtles heart. She called the Friendship Centre to find out close to home. All winter, she hoped Miskwaadesi if they knew about Josephine’s visit. Those at the would visit her in a dream. It was in the early months Friendship Centre said Josephine and the Water of spring when Nokomis Annie finally heard from her Walkers were coming soon and they planned friend Miskwaadesi. to stop in the community. Josephine would speak about her walk around the Great Lakes, focused on “Nokomis, the Spirit of nibi has spoken to me,” her concerns about the health of nibi. She began said the turtle. “It is telling me that Elder Josephine her very special journey in 2003. At that time, Mandamin is coming. Go and meet her. She has she spoke to the kwewag in her community and a message for you. Josephine has thought about encouraged them to join her Great Lakes Water the seven generations that came before us and she Walk. On this walk, they would pray for the nibi is thinking about the seven generations to come. and teach others about the importance of nibi. Josephine is honouring the nibi and the Spirit of nibi. She will arrive soon with her group of Water Nokomis Annie went to bed early that night. Walkers. Listen to what they have to share and take She was looking forward to meeting this wonderful their message home to your community. When you woman from Manitoulin Island! walk for the nibi, you will be walking for me and for all that live in our nibi. Listen to Josephine’s message When and Nokomis Annie got to the Friendship and then you will understand my eighth challenge: Centre, there were many people gathered to Walk for the nibi, walk for the turtle, walk for welcome Josephine and her Water Walkers. It was yourself, and your future.” inspiring to hear her message about the importance of nibi. Josephine asked everyone to remember to

51 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 52 pray daily for nibi and her gentle, motivating words needed for all life to exist. She also explained that listening to the Red-winged Blackbirds. Miskwaadesi touched all! all people need to be concerned about local nibi peeked out from under some floating duckweed. use. This would build awareness of how much nibi is Nokomis Annie continued feeling honoured being used or wasted. “Aanii Miskwaadesi. It is so good to see you. after meeting Josephine Mandamin, the Elder Mino giizhigad! I met Josephine Mandamin, the who journeyed around all of the Great Lakes. Nokomis Annie remembered some of the facts wonderful Elder you told me about. Josephine and Josephine’s message was a reminder to everyone Josephine talked about. Nokomis Annie was the Water Walkers have been walking around about the importance of fresh nibi for all people, surprised to learn that over forty million people live the Great Lakes watershed, carrying a bucket of not just First Nations. within the beautiful Great Lakes watershed. This nibi to remind everyone about the importance of helped her realize why Josephine was worried about nibi. I spoke to her about the challenges you have After this visit, Nokomis Annie realized that nibi. People surrounding the Great Lakes have clean shared with me. Josephine reminded me that turtles Josephine took her responsibilities as an Elder and fresh nibi available to them but some have need clean and healthy nibi, just as we do. She very seriously. Josephine reminded First Nation taken it for granted. Nibi that flows underground thought that if the women and children got together, communities about the traditional responsibilities has become sick with the pollution of industry and they could walk around the wetlands and nibiing that women have as nibi keepers. She shared population. Many people do not understand that in their communities. By carrying a bucket of nibi with Nokomis Annie the understanding that nibi is they have an effect on those living downstream. They peoples living along the shores and rivers of the to symbolize its sacred nature, the walk would let precious and sacred. It is one of the basic elements must make sure that the nibi they send downstream is Great Lakes watershed have carried within their everyone know that there is a serious concern for clean and healthy. hearts an ongoing responsibility for nibi. The need nibi. Josephine hoped that any litter or garbage to keep nibi clean and healthy was understood. found would be picked up, so when the turtles Nibi is essential for survival and health because It is nibi that cleanses and heals body, mind, and awoke from their winter sleep, they would find a everything is related to nibi. First Nations people spirit, and everything depends on nibi for continued cleaner and healthier place to live. She reminded living in Ontario were aware of nibi pollution in the life. There is a connection between nibi and all life everyone that women have a responsibility to care Great Lake when settlers began polluting the nibi. forms, gifted to humans by Creation. for nibi, just as the turtles do. Miskwaadesi, I am so Since the beginning of time, the Anishinaabeg inspired. What is my next challenge?” The old turtle Nokomis Annie remembered Elders speaking of blinked in the bright sunlight. the need to keep nibi clean and pure for the sake of the seventh generation yet to come. Ceremonies “Nokomis, your ninth challenge is to look at how include nibi for its healing and nourishing power. much water you use. Honour the nibi Spirit for its The First Nations people of Turtle Island believe that gifts by protecting it. Nibi for drinking, washing, nibi is sacred and it is the life-blood of our First cooking, and bathing is becoming scarce. Many Mother, Aki. There is a need to come together people use too much and do not consider the effects with all people living in the watershed and of their use on wetlands and the creatures that live in share awareness of Aki’s freshwater. them. My turtle family members and friends cannot live in a wetland if nibi is not plentiful and healthy.” Josephine’s words were still rippling through Nokomis’s Miskwaadesi swam away under the duckweed, thoughts as she went to bed. leaving Nokomis Annie to her thoughts. The old Before she knew it, she was woman knew that her use of nibi had changed dreaming about sitting by the over time, but she was determined to make positive marsh in the early morning, changes for the future.

53 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 54 WATER: OUR BUSINESS CHAPTER 9 - EKO-ZHAANGCHIING GINJIGAN

One spring afternoon, Nokomis Annie was walking Nokomis Annie sat down beside Miskwaadesi. along the road by the marsh. The sun shone warmly on She told the old turtle what the community was doing her face and the sky was bright blue. The bugs were to learn about the different turtle species. Nokomis not biting yet, so it was a good day for a walk. Annie spoke about Josephine Mandamin, the Water Walkers, and how the kwewag in the community Nokomis Annie was happy to findMiskwaadesi organized a nibi walk for the youth. All the children basking on a large, moss covered log. It was the first took turns carrying buckets of nibi around the wetland time Nokomis Annie had seen her since she went to while singing songs for nibi. The youth were learning the bottom of the marsh to sleep for the winter. The old to protect the sacred resource. turtle seemed to be enjoying the beautiful spring day. Miskwaadesi blinked slowly. Nokomis Annie She was thinking a lot about Miskwaadesi, ever noticed a few tears forming at the corners of the since the kwewag of the community met and planned old turtle’s eyes. She seemed to nod her head with their nibi walk. Nokomis Annie was certain that grateful approval. Miskwaadesi would approve of the turtle posters they created and their walk around the marsh. “Nibi is so important to my turtle family and friends.” said Miskwaadesi. “I spend almost all of “Aaniin Miskwaadesi. It is so good to see you my days and nights in nbiing. The elements of nibi, today,” said Nokomis Annie. sun, air, and earth are all a part of our lives. I sleep under the ice of the nbiing for six moons of the year. “Ho-wah! Aaniin Nokomis Annie. I have just woken I am surrounded by nibi when I am swimming and from my winter sleep. It is a nice afternoon to sit by the when I am looking for dinner. I need fresh and clean nibi and soak up some sun to warm my body after a nibi every day for my life.” long, cold winter.” The old turtle’s quiet voice seemed stronger than before.

55 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 56 The nibi looked so inviting to Nokomis Annie and how important they are for both Miskwaadesi, downstream, so the nibi was not disturbed. We Miskwaadesi. “I have to be careful with my use on the beautiful spring afternoon. She thought that herself and all living things. always had a little bit of asemaa to place as an because my nibi comes from a well and I do not Miskwaadesi must enjoy the water when it looked offering at the edge of the nibi. My Okomisan said want it to run dry. It is so tasty, cold, and clean! I like this. The little nibi bugs swam around, a few Nokomis Annie started to think about the amount that the asemaa was to say miigwech to the nibi know it keeps me healthy!” minnows dashed between nibi plants, while some of nibi her Okomisan used when she lived in the and to honour it.” tiny tadpoles wiggled in the shallow nibiing. bush without running nibi. She fondly remembered The old turtle reminded Nokomis Annie to place her childhood summers at her Okomisan’s little Miskwaadesi continued listening to Nokomis her asemaa as an offering every day to offer her Nokomis Annie thought about Miskwaadesi’s house. Nokomis Annie spoke to the turtle about Annie. “My Okomisan said we needed to take care personal prayers, “Remember, your ancestors dependence on the nibi. It was as important as some of her memories, “I remember spending a of nibi because it is important for our health. We did have lived in the watersheds of Turtle Island and air for breathing! She thought about the elements lot of time with my Okomisan when I was small. not waste any nibi in those times. I remember that prayed for its health for thousands of years,” said We used to carry nibi from the creek to use in the she gave me a little cup of nibi for my toothbrush. Miskwaadesi. “They were very careful to keep nibi house. She taught me to fill my bucket by scooping She had an outhouse that was behind the house, clean. Kwewag are responsible for nibi and this is away from the nibi. When it was time to bathe, we taken very seriously. Their ceremonies, prayers, and would use a basin to scrub our hands and face actions teach children how important nibi is.” and a round tub for a bath in the winter time. She always respected nibi Miskwaadesi continued, “Too much nibi is wasted and reminded me to look and polluted and it cannot clean itself quickly after the creek and be enough. Every drop of this sacred resource saved grateful for the good, provides life for plants and animals. Can you help cold nibi that came the nibi, Nokomis?” challenged Miskwaadesi. to us. My Okomisan “Now that you know how much water you use, understood that nibi come back down to the nibi. Listen to the mogkii. is alive and that it What are they saying? Look at the little creatures in has a Spirit. I think and around the nibi, then record what you see. This that my Okomisan is your tenth challenge.” was a good keeper Miskwaadesi snapped at a buzzing fly and of nibi! She had suddenly plopped into the nibi. The minnows and a very small nibi tadpoles swam for cover as the ripples spread out footprint on the earth. around her shell. As she swam away, the ripples Mine is much bigger reminded Nokomis Annie that everything humans than hers was.” Nokomis do causes a ripple on Aki, affecting everything else Annie was uncomfortable in Creation. Thinking about her water use, Nokomis with this realization as Annie completed the ninth challenge, and now she she continued speaking to was excited for the next!

57 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 58 FROG FRIENDS CHAPTER 10 - EKO-MDAACHING GINJIGAN

Nokomis Annie went to find her rubber boots Waaban was excited to learn about mogkiig in standing in the corner of the closet. A home-made his language. He loved mogkiig! net and a small white basin were sitting by the door. Waaban was cheerfully walking down the Nokomis Annie told Waaban that she was asked overgrown path. It was a bright spring afternoon in to take some of the students out for a short walk Wasauksing and it was time to count the mogkiig. down to the edge of the nibi every afternoon for the next week to listen for mogkiig. “The students “Aaniin Waaban,” smiled Nokomis Annie. are going to listen to the calls and practice filling “What a beautiful day! Look at the mog’kii in forms to tell the Zoo about the mogkiig they poster I picked up at the Band Office. It hear. They are really excited to be included in the is from the Toronto Zoo. It shows all the FrogWatch program.” mogkiig that we might see in Ontario.” Waaban looked at all of the materials they Waaban looked excitedly at his needed waiting by the door. “Hey, I like that basin Nokomis as she continued, “There you found,” he said. was also a mogkiig call CD from the Toronto Zoo. They have recorded “It is white so we will be able to see all those all of the different mog’kii calls. I little swimmers that we catch with our net,” said listened to it last night. It is in our Nokomis Annie. Anishinaabe language! Did you know “I brought my bug book and some giishkaandag- that the children at the school are going to niibiishaaboo in case we get thirsty,” said Waaban. listen to it this week in their language class?”

TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 60 “I am anxious to see if I can find some medicine Nokomis Annie helped Waaban look in the plants near the shore because I used all the wetland to understand what each insect meant in medicines picked last year. Let’s get going!” said relation to nibi cleanliness. The Toronto Zoo had Nokomis Annie. sent them a ‘Wetland Report Card’ which explained how to check the nibi oxygen levels and cleanliness Waaban and Nokomis Annie walked down the according to the types of insects found. path to the road and turned towards the shimmering nibi. Nokomis Annie brought asemaa and she spoke Working together, they had their ‘Wetland Report about the importance of placing an offering to thank Card’ finished quickly. They found many insects, and honour the nibi. Together they set their nets, which was good news, because it meant that the basins, and notebooks on the big Mishomis rock that wetland was fairly healthy! Maybe this spring it waited for them at the edge of the marsh. would need a litter cleanup, followed by nibi testing. From the far side of the marsh came the ‘peep, Soon they were busy scooping marsh nibi into the peep’ of the Spring Peepers, singing a song of joy basin to look for signs of life. The sun shone down and thanksgiving for the return of spring. Nokomis on the pair as they worked with lots of laughter and Annie and Waaban were excited to see the marsh chatting. Waaban was busy taking pictures to send waking up! to his cousins, Noodin and Ziigwan in the city. As they scooped, they counted the tiny insect babies Nokomis Annie thought about some of the that they saw. teachings her Elders taught her when she was spring to return to the waterways is the Red-winged “Of course I can Nokomis! I will also listen to young. When another season of life begins in Blackbird. The male Blackbirds arrive when there is the mog’kii calls CD so I am ready for next week. the watershed, one of the very firstbineshiinh of still ice on the ponds and waterways. Some of the I can already sing like a Spring Peeper. Peep! Peep! Old People say that it is this bird’s call that wakes up Peep! Each week a new frog sings its song for us” those little Spring Peepers and encourages them to start Waaban exclaimed. climbing out of their mud beds to join the new season. “This is going to be fun, listening for mogkii while Another teaching Nokomis Annie remembered we are out walking for our health. I really like the says that when the Spring Peepers start to call, it return of spring! The weather is nice for walking,” is time to take the spiles out of the maple mitigook said Nokomis Annie. because sap season is coming to an end. Science shares the accuracy of this teaching. When the She sat on the Mishomis rock for a few moments temperature is warm enough in the waterways and longer, listening to the sounds of spring before she wetlands, the first frog singers come out. This is when and Waaban began their walk home. Nokomis the sap in the maple mitigook begins to get cloudy Annie remembered Miskwaadesi’s eleventh and the sweetness fades from the sap. challenge: “Come down to nbiing, Nokomis Annie. Bring your family with you. Show them how “Waaban, next week when we come back, can to help the mishiikenyag. Tell the Elders where we you bring your iPod and digital recorder to record lay our eggs so our nesting sites can be protected. some of the sounds of spring in our wetland?” asked Come to nbiing, Nokomis Annie, and visit with me Nokomis Annie. She gently returned the insect and my relatives. Count all of the turtle species in babies to nibiing and rinsed out the basin. your wetland.”

61 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 62 TURTLE TALLY CHAPTER 11 - EKO-MADAACHING-SHI-BEZHIG GINJIGAN

The loud ringing of the phone startled Nokomis and listening for signs of spring while they walk,” Annie. Ziigwan was calling from the city and she Nokomis Annie explained. “You will be surprised sounded very excited. “Nokomis, guess what with some of the things they saw and heard as the Noodin and I found when we were looking at marsh and the wetland awakened this spring. Red- the Toronto Zoo’s Adopt-A-Pond website at school winged Blackbirds, Mallard Ducks, frogs, and even a yesterday? They need communities to go out and couple of moose down by the open area in the little watch for turtles. It is called Turtle Tally. The website bay were spotted. I am sure they would welcome asked that we go walking and look for turtles in some more eyes and ears,” said Nokomis Annie. June. This is around the time when they lay their eggs,” said Ziigwan.

“Nokomis, can we visit and take a walk with you to the wetland? Maybe we will find some of Miskwaadesi’s friends,” exclaimed Ziigwan excitedly. “Uncle Buddy is coming out to the reserve from the city and he said that he will bring us if it is okay with you.” This idea was very exciting for the children. They hoped Nokomis Annie would say yes!

Nokomis Annie was so happy to hear from her grandchildren. It was always nice when they came to visit. She missed them, especially during the long winter. Soon the children would be visiting for the summer.

Nokomis Annie exclaimed, “How kind of Uncle Buddy. If it is okay with your mom, it is okay with me.” Her grandchildren were always welcome.

“The kwewag of the ‘Friends of the Turtle’ walking group have been out every afternoon and on some evenings too. They are looking

63 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 64 Ziigwan copied the Turtle Tally information from This sounded like a great idea to Nokomis Annie like and where we like to live. This information will ”Good morning, my children! Miskwaadesi came the website to read to her Nokomis. “We need to as she said goodbye to Ziigwan. Nokomis Annie help you protect us.” to me in a dream and asked me to check on her go and watch for signs of turtles, basking in the started getting things ready for her grandchildren’s family members and where they are living. Get ready, It seemed as if the old turtle had heard sun, while looking for places where they might lay arrival. The sleeping bags and extra pillows were we have lots to do today!” said Nokomis Annie. Ziigwan’s phone call. Nokomis Annie listened eggs. We can even look for signs of turtle nests. I taken out of the closet and hung outside in the fresh carefully to the soft voice of the old turtle so that Nokomis Annie explained to Ziigwan and Noodin can bring a pair of binoculars and a copy of the air. She decided to bake a big pan of bannock and she would remember what was said. She pictured the responsible and respectful way of interacting Turtle Tally form. We should bring the turtle poster fry up some fresh fish on Friday for their supper. She Miskwaadesi sitting on the edge of the wetland, with plants and animals in nbiing and the wetland. too! Noodin says that he is bringing his new rubber knew how much her grandchildren loved this meal! calling to her and her grandchildren. Nokomis Annie She also pulled out the turtle poster from the Toronto boots just in case we need him to go looking right Nokomis Annie called Waaban and asked if he wanted to do the challenge the best she could! Zoo. The poster displayed all eight Ontario species into the nibi. We must copy down what we see and would like to come over for dinner as well. She went of turtles, which helped to explain the differences then send the information to the Toronto Zoo website. to bed early that night, eagerly looking forward to When Noodin and Ziigwan arrived, they were between each species, making it easier to identify They will take our information and add it to the Turtle everyone’s arrival. excited to hear what their Nokomis had planned for them in the wetland. “The Turtle Tally says to report Tally results. This will help save turtles!” Ziigwan That night, Miskwaadesi came to Nokomis the weekend! It was a beautiful day and they were turtle nests too,” said Nokomis Annie. “We want explained. “Then we can add what we see to our Annie in her dreams to remind her of the eleventh going to be outdoors all day. Staying at Nokomis to make sure we are aware of turtle behaviours to community map!” Ziigwan was very excited to help challenge. “Go to the nibi. Count the turtles. You Annie’s house was fun because there was so much understand how to help them.” her community. must be quiet to see the turtles. Learn what we look space to play. Their weekends in the city were very different than their visits with Nokomis Annie.

65 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 66 Once Nokomis Annie, Noodin, and Ziigwan had their binoculars, snacks for the journey, and Turtle Tally forms ready, they were on the way to Miskwaadesi’s wetland. When they arrived, they quickly realized how quiet they must be in order to spot any wetland creatures. intently into the pond and noticed something that “I wonder what we will see today?” said looked like a rock sitting on top of a log. our Turtle Tally forms what we see.” Noodin quickly Noodin. A couple of chipmunks scurried away recorded the type of turtle. quickly at the sound of his voice. “Nokomis! What is that?” Ziigwan asked excitedly, but in a hushed voice. Nokomis Annie They continued their walk through the wetland, “Shhh, you are going to scare everything away!” quickly looked through her binoculars and spotted a sharing knowledge about the different plant species said Ziigwan. basking turtle with a yellow neck. they could identify, and the special places they Nokomis Annie smiled and appreciated how needed in order to grow. Ziigwan and Noodin ”That is a Blanding’s turtle, my child,” answered dedicated her grandchildren were to helping the began to realize how many different types of plants Nokomis Annie. “My father called this the turtle Turtle Tally program. As they walked further into the and animals there were living together. They were with the sun under its chin. He is sitting on that log wetland, they stepped with care. Ziigwan looked also grateful for this special time with their Nokomis to absorb heat from the sun. This is very exciting! and grateful for the turtles who shared this special Blanding’s turtles are a threatened species, place. according to the turtle poster we have. We must be quiet and not disturb him. Noodin, write down on On the way home that night, Nokomis Annie and her grandchildren helped a turtle cross the road. This made them think about the challenges turtles must overcome. In her dreams that night, Nokomis Annie heard Miskwaadesi give directions for the twelfth challenge, “Nokomis Annie, help my turtle relatives by doing something else for turtles.”

Nokomis Annie woke the next morning determined to make a difference!

67 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 68 WHAT ELSE CAN WE DO? CHAPTER 12 - EKO-MDASSWI-SHI-NIIZHWAACHING

Nokomis Annie decided it was time to get active! She would need to call upon Noodin, Ziigwan, and Waaban for some ideas. She wondered what else they could do to help turtles and their wetland homes. They would need to tell others about what they saw living in the wetland. She would invite Elders to come with them to speak about the medicine plants, traditional places, and the importance of turtles.

69 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 70 Nokomis Annie would begin by mapping her share what they learned with Chief and Band The group walked down to the community. She knew that this was important Council. They needed much more help to get all the wetland and broke up into groups because the sacred spaces and special places work done! to walk the shoreline. This would would be respected and protected for future ensure the most thorough clean generations. A clean up of the waterways and Nokomis Annie decided to tell Ziigwan and up. Everyone carried a garbage the shoreline would be a great idea too, thought Noodin right away about the plans she had for the bag, along with a bucket for Nokomis Annie. She would put out garbage boxes day. With so much to do, they had to get right to recyclable litter. Noodin and and recycling bins. Turtle crossing signs must also be it! Cleaning the wetland was first on the list and Ziigwan went with Nokomis put up to help protect turtles on their way to nesting Nokomis Annie knew that Ziigwan, Noodin, and Annie and three other groups areas. Water should be tested to ensure it will be Waaban would do a great job! went in different directions to start safe for future generations to come. Most importantly, the clean up. “Invite your friends to take part in our very special Nokomis Annie and the children would have to project today,” encouraged Nokomis Annie as she Noodin and Ziigwan were gathered all of the outdoor clothing she could find so excited Nokomis Annie could and quickly filled a backpack with a delicious lunch. barely keep up with them. “Hey It was going to be a long day! slow down, you two! If we go too quickly, we might miss some Everyone gathered at Nokomis litter that needs to be picked up!” Annie’s house to walk to the Their Nokomis was right! There shoreline together. Children from were many little pieces of litter the community came to help, and fishing line which were easy along with their parents. to miss, but could make a big Nokomis Annie thought difference to the creatures living in it was nice to see the wetland. parents as excited as their children. “Hey guys! I will make it my responsibility to pick up all of these bottle caps and plastic rings! I heard that these can be developing an appreciation for the land and a greater understanding very harmful to turtles and other and responsibility of the importance of taking care of Aki. species living in the wetland,” said Noodin with concern. Before they knew it, their section of the wetland looked as clean as it could be! Noodin and Ziigwan were proud of the work they “Yes, that is a great idea completed and Nokomis Annie was happy to see their wetland looking Noodin! I will be in charge so beautiful. The group came together once everyone was finished of cans and bottles. We can working to enjoy lunch. The local paper came to report on the good recycle them when we get back work of the community. What a successful day and what a wonderful to Nokomis’s house later” said story the children could tell when they got back to school! Nokomis Ziigwan. Nokomis Annie was Annie was sure that this was the beginning of a special new task that proud that her grandchildren were the community would continue for years to come.

71 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 72 CELEBRATION CHAPTER 13 - EKO-MDASSWI-SHI-NSWI GINJIGAN?

As Nokomis Annie sat by the nibi speaking to needs to work together. I really enjoyed sitting, Miskwaadesi, she reflected on the many challenges before the blackflies woke up, listening to the songs given. She thought about all they learned and the of the frogs and toads as they raised their voices great adventure she shared with her grandchildren. in thanksgiving for the arrival of another spring. My daily walks down to the marsh and the wetland have Nokomis Annie said, “I have learned about given me more energy! I especially enjoyed learning the eight Ontario turtle families in this part of Turtle with my beautiful grandchildren Noodin, Ziigwan, Island and how much help they need to continue and Waaban. It was a special occasion when we living here. I discovered a whole new world of life walked together, looking for signs of turtles in the in the marsh down the road from my little house. I wetlands. We also showed our respect by picking up remembered stories and teachings that were shared garbage in the marsh and planned how we could with me when I was a little girl. This helped to help our turtles survive right here in Wasauksing.” create a better understanding of how everything

73 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 74 Miskwaadesi nodded her head in approval of “Everyone felt great when the wetland clean-up I looked and I was sure it was you Miskwaadesi. “Everyone brought their favourite food to the Nokomis Annie’s work. was complete. The youth brought down wooden It looked like you were smiling and then I waved feast, while the children set up all of the tables for benches they made and set them up at the edge of to you. I paused for a moment and said a special the Elders to sit at. It was a great opportunity for the Nokomis Annie continued, “I will never forget the marsh near the Elders’ Lodge. Future visits can gchi-miigwech to you for all your guidance. After community to get together and discuss all of their meeting Josephine Mandamin and her story of the now be done comfortably with this new seating our clean up, everyone went to the Band Hall for accomplishments! Our children shared their stories Water Walk. She is such an inspiration to all of us! contributed by the youth. Now the Elders can the feast. We were feasting our connections to the of the Thirteen Moons, prompted by the calendar There are so many gifts which we have been given go and sit next to the nibi to enjoy the sights and turtle in celebration of all that you have shared!” hanging in the Band Hall donated by the Toronto in Creation. I am grateful to you, Miskwaadesi, sounds, Miskwaadesi,” Nokomis Annie said proudly. Nokomis Annie explained. Zoo. Everyone mingled and laughed. Then an Elder for opening my eyes, my ears, and my heart to the “Just as we finished cleaning up, one of the little girls offered a prayer of thanksgiving to the Creator for joys of nibi and the wetlands that are home to our from the school came to tell me that she saw a turtle “Please tell me about your feast,” encouraged the food, the community, and Eskakimig-kwe. The turtle relations.” sitting on top of a log over by the muskrat push-up. Miskwaadesi. “This celebration was your thirteenth Elder exclaimed ‘Wiisniin,’ once the prayer of and finalchallenge .”

75 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 76 thanks was completed.” Nokomis Annie gently made a commitment to become your Oshkabewis. I laughed, remembering the great time she had at will share turtle stories and teachings with others. the feast. Gchi-miigwech Miskwaadesi, to you and your family, for helping me see, listen, think, and act in Nokomis Annie continued to tell Miskwaadesi a new way!” about the feast, “Everyone enjoyed sharing their experiences working through your challenges. The children who helped me with the project received special certificates from the Toronto Zoo for helping with the Turtle Tally program,” she explained. Nokomis Annie then paused for a moment.

“This experience taught me to understand how much one person can do to make a change in the community. I will continue working for mishiikenyag and nibi. After experiencing all of these challenges, I will think about ways that I can conserve nibi so that there will be more in the wetland and the watershed for everyone to share. I will write letters to the Band Office and to the newspaper about turtles and their needs for clean and healthy habitats. Then our whole community will know about our special places, the places that provide us with clean water, medicine plants, animals to feed us, and the places which are home to Miskwaadesi and her relatives.”

Nokomis Annie promised, “My evening walks will continue year round. While I am walking, I will think of you, Miskwaadesi, and your family. I have

77 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 78 GLOSSARY

Please note all language words used in this book are written in the dialect spoken on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. They are in the double vowel written form as translated by Shirley Ida Williams who is an Anishinaabe language Professor of Emeritus at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario Canada.

Aagimog (ah-KEE-mowg) - snowshoes Kwewag (KWAY-wug) - women Aaniin (AH-neen) - greetings or hello Maang (mung) - loon Aki (AH-kee ) - Earth Mandamin (man-DAA-min) - corn, kernel of corn Amik (AH-mick) - beaver Manitoulin Island (man-i-TWO-lynn eye-land) - In the Ojibway language this Anishinaabeg (ah-NISH-in-naw-beg) -Ojibway pluralized means Spirit Island and is considered sacred by the Odawa, ANISHINAABE MORNING PRAYER Asemaa (say-MAW) - Traditional Tobacco Ojibway and Potawatomi nations known as People of the Three Atsokanan (AT-so-canan) - legends that are told in the wintertime Fires, the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world TRANSLATION Bannock (BAN-nuck) - traditional baked bread Migizi (MEG-ee-zee) - eagle Berry Moon - June “Odemin Giizis” Miigwech (MEE-gwetch) - Thank you Great Spirit, Biidaaban (bee-DAW-bin) - the coming dawn Mino-giizhigad (minnow-GEE-she-gad ) - It’s a nice day Kitchi-manidoo! Bineshiinh (bin-NAY-she) - bird Mishee Mackinakong (mi-SHEE MACK-ina-gong) - Place of the Great Turtle’s back Dewegan (duh-WAY-gun) - drum Mishomis (mi-SHOW-miss) - Grandfather Today I give thanks so that I may see and once more, a new day. Doodemwan (doh-DEM-wan) - their clans Mishiikenh (mi-SHE-ken) - turtle Miigwetch noongwa wabdaamaa miinwaa ngoding giizhigak. Eko-mdaaching Ginjigan (echo-MDAW-shing GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter ten Mishiikenyag (mi-SHE-ken-yug) - turtles (plural) Eko-mdaaching-shi-bezhig Ginjigan (echo-MDAW-shing she-BAY-zhig Mishomis (mi-SHOW-miss) - Grandfather Thank you for all the things you put on earth GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter eleven Miskwaadesi (miss-SQUAW daisy) - Painted turtle Miigwetch kina gego gaa-miishiyaang, Eko-mdaaswi-shi-niizhwaaching (echo-MADAW-sway-shin-NEEZH-waa-shing) Mitig (MI-teeg) - tree - Chapter twelve Mitigook (MITT-tee-guck) - trees so that original beings could serve themselves. Eko-mdaaswi-shi-nsing Ginjigan (echo-MADAW-sway-shin-sing GEEN-jih-gan) Mogkii (MOKE-kee) - frog - Chapter thirteen Mogkiig (MOKE-keeg) - frogs (plural) kina kiig gaa-tooyin aw sa Nishnaabe wii-miigkadaawsod. Eko-naananing Ginjigan (echo-na-NANING GEEN-jih-gan) Nanaboozhoo (nana-BOW-zhow) - Demi-god of the Anishinaabe people who Thank you for the 4 directions that go by, - Chapter five is part man and part spirit with human-like characteristics, a trickster Eko-ngodwaaching Ginjigan (echo-NGOD-WAA-shing GEEN-jih-gan) Nibi (ne-BEH) - water Miigwetch newining nekyaa mebimiseg, - Chapter six Nbiing (nee-BING) - in the water thank you for the animals so that we can eat, Eko-niiwing Ginjigan (echo-NEE-wing GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter four Nbiish (nee-BEESH) - water, an amount of water Eko-niizhing Ginjigan (echo-NEEZH-ing GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter two Nokomis (NO-co-miss) - Grandmother Miigwetch wesiinyag gii-miishiyang wii-wiisiyang, Eko niizhwaaching Ginjigan (echo NEEZHWA-shing GEEN-jih-gan) Noodin (NO-din) - the wind thank you for the birds that we hear them sing, - Chapter 7 Ntam Ginjigan (tam-GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter one Eko-nsing Ginjigan (echo-NSING GEEN–jih-gan) - Chapter three Odemin Giizis (o-DAY-min GEE-sis) - Strawberry Moon, calendar month similar to June Miigwetch bineshiiyag noodoonogwaa nagamwaad, Eko-nwaaching (echo-NWAA-shing) - Chapter 8 Odemiinan (o-DAY-min-an) - strawberries (plural) thank you for the water to cleanse our bodies, Eko-zhaangchiing Ginjigan (echo-ZHAN-shing GEEN-jih-gan) - Chapter nine Okimisan (OAK-ih-miss-an) - her Grandmother Elder (EL-der) - First Nation community recognized and accepted Pow Wow (pow-wow) - First Nations cultural gathering similar to a festival with Miigwetch nbi biinaakizigoyang, Traditional Knowledge holder/practitioner music, dancing, food, artwork and Traditional teachings and thank you for the work you gave us! Eshkakimig-kwe (SHKA-kee-me-kway) - Earth Mother Siniis (sin-EE-sis) - small stones Gchi-Miigwech (gchee-MEE-gwetch) - thanks very much or many thanks Thirteen Moons (thur-teen moons) - Reference to Anishinaabe lunar calendar Miigwetch gii-miizhiyang noiiwin! Giigoonh (gee-GONH) - fish Turtle Island (turtle island) - name of North America used by Give us peace in our hearts, so that we can work together well, Giigoonyag (gee-GONH -yug) - fish (plural) First Nations communities based on Creation stories Giishkaandag-niibiishaaboo (GEESH-can-dawg nee-BEESH-shah-bo) Waaban (WAA-bun) - East (used in the story as a character name) Miinshinaag mina-de’ewin, wii-mina nokiitaadiyang, - cedar tea Waabizhesh (WAAB-i-shesh) - marten Giizis (GEE-sis) - the Sun Wausauksing (WAAH-sock-sing) - First Nation community located on help us to walk our culture well, help us to live well in a healthy way. Gzhe Minidoo (gazhay minnow-DOUGH) - Good kind spirit Parry Island, Ontario Canada naadimooshingaag wii-ni-mosaadimaang. Haudenosaunee (HO-den-oh-SHOW-knee) - Iroquois Nation, Wiigwaas (WIG-wass) - birch bark People of the Longhouse Wiisniin (WEE-si-nin) - you eat Thank you Great Spirit, Thank you, Thank you! Heartberries (heart berries) - strawberries Zhasgkoonh (ZHAASG-koneh) - muskrat Miigwetch Kitchi Minidoo! Miigwetch! Miigwetch! Ho-wah (HO-waa) - greeting, exclamation of surprise Ziigwan (ZIG-wan) - Spring (used as a girl’s name in this story) Jiimaan (JEE-man) - canoe Zoogpo (ZOKE-poh) - snow (by permission of Shirley Ida Williams)

79 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 80 THE WAYS OF KNOWING PARTNERSHIP CHAPTER IMAGE TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION PROGRAMME EXPLANATIONS

The Toronto Zoo’s Ways of Knowing Partnership Turtle Island Conservation programme shares the hopes and goals of First Nation partners in our commitment to the preservation of wild life and wild places for those yet to come. The Turtle Island Conservation programme at the Toronto Zoo partners with Anishinaabe and Haudenosaunee First Nation communities, in the province of Ontario, Canada to incorporate Traditional Knowledge into turtle and wetland conservation programming. COVER IMAGE It was important to me to emphasize two main It was in this image I strived to reflect wholesome The intention of this partnership is to bring together Keepers of Traditional Knowledge, Elders, First Nation topics, a cultural and content identity, in the cover interconnectedness that is a gentle and spiritual community members and Turtle Island Conservation programme team members to support community cultural and natural history priorities incorporating Traditional Knowledge while building awareness with non-Aboriginals. illustration. My feelings about this image were practice. My main focus here was the central that it had to be reflective of the content, but also figure of the person making the offering. The key The programme employs First Nation youth and is guided by a First Nation Advisory group. All teachings and representative of the key information and characters element is the heart which is directly connected to knowledge remain with our partner communities for their decisions on how it is to be used. who share knowledge with us in this book. the hand which is offering the tobacco. The hand is Miskwaadesi is the focal point, and her wisdom had connected to the turtle, fish, and water reinforcing Mission to be portrayed clearly. acknowledgment of the inter-dependence between Turtle Island Conservation partners with First Nation Communities to preserve cultural and natural landscapes. the species. I deliberately painted the rays of sunlight I opted to create a scene where the reoccurring as connection lines that are touching everything. Vision characters, some of whom play vital roles in the Preservation of First Nation Ways of Knowing will be utilized to preserve Traditional Knowledge to guide Anishinaabe traditional teachings of the book, would CHAPTER 2 communities for generations to come. be depicted listening intently to Miskwaadesi. Even Every creature has its medicine and its own the loon seen off to the very left appears eager to be teachings. Each teaching is always given to us from Our Objectives are: included, perched as if on tiptoes stretching closer to the heart. I wanted to depict the turtle with the heart 1. To foster respect for self, community, Mother earth and the Creator. hear what Miskwaadesi has to say. Nanaboozhoo showing figuratively within its belly shell (plastron) 2. To recognize and record significant landscapes valued by First Nations communities. holds a central position in the image as he is both reminding us that teachings are always from the 3. To integrate traditional ways of knowing with western science to monitor, protect, respect and restore landscapes. an important cultural figure to theAnishinaabe 4. To integrate language, art, and crafts to sustain traditional ways of knowing and living. heart, and given directly to our own. The spiral people as well as a personal favourite of mine. 5. To facilitate understanding of the diversity of First Nation culture and way of knowing among non-Aboriginals encloses and points toward the heart reflecting the focus of these emotions and their importance. For further information and companion resources available from this programme please visit: CHAPTER 1 The Morning Prayer in my opinion is one of the www.turtleislandconservation.com CHAPTER 3 most important ceremonial practices conducted www.torontozoo.com/adoptapond/FrogWatchOntario.asp I wanted to convey the urgency and attention this by First Nation people. It is at this time that we www.torontozoo.com/adoptapond/TurtleTally.asp chapter reflects on species conservation. Extinction give thanks for everything we are about to receive is far more than just loosing something forever. It Or write to: during the course of the day, and give thanks to is a direct reflection of our ignorance, cruelty, and Turtle Island Conservation, Toronto Zoo all that continues to sustain our well being and our selfishness that begins a chain reaction within an 361A Old Finch Avenue livelihoods. This acknowledgment not only develops entire ecosystem. Nothing creates more sadness Toronto, ON Canada M1B 5K7 a perception of our place amongst the living T 416 393-6362 for me than to realize that the selfishness, of some populaces of this earth, but helps remind us that we F 416-392-4979 people, who think their overindulgent life styles take live co-dependently. [email protected] precedence over the very earth that created them.

81 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 82 The internal decorations are symbolic of the the bright white of the eggs in the ground which is a over her breasts and heart, as a gesture of caring CHAPTER 11 abundance of life these species have, and are pure indication of the healthy and abundant landscape while depicting the concept of “Mother Nature” in I was thinking about “Stackable turtles” when drawn from the local environments they call home. that the turtle lives in. I included the Loon in this image the female form. We even see the womb bearing I was considering the concept of “Tallying the The connection lines connect them with the land, for a symbolic reason as I was taught that the Loon is life- in this case a turtle which supports the concept numbers”. Like many other things we stack for yet their bodies are not as decorated as the one the protector of children. Sitting on top of the log is both of women and water as the fetus is carried and the sake of numerical clarity, I recalled that turtles firmly on the land mass. This was symbolic of the a symbol of the relaxed and peaceful environment, guarded by a water sac. themselves could be viewed as “stacked” upon one dependence that these creatures have to the land, as well as a Loon guardian for the turtle’s children. another. This gave way to a comical image of a yet there are those that are being driven to extinction The fish is a representation of the food chain and co- CHAPTER 9 “Babushka Doll” made up of turtles in my creative due to loss of habitat and are slowly becoming dependence of each species with one another. This image focuses solely on the water while mind. I also wanted to share another message about disconnected and fading away. The vibrant reds providing an introspective moment to value the fundamental dependence on water and show in this image stand out in stark contrast to the blues CHAPTER 6 its fundamental importance, our use of it, our that Life was given to us by water which allows us seen throughout the series of images produced for Storytelling and Oral Traditions have always dependence on it, and lastly our responsibility for it. and all living things to grow and multiply this project as a reminder that perhaps it should played a key role in the culture of First Nations This image is a simple one visually highlighting the remain just as visibly important in our own minds. people. To me it is the heart of perpetuating the most common gesture humans take with water which CHAPTER 12 culture so I wanted the fire to be the main source is the cupping of hands beneath a falling cascade The focus of this image is to depict a special bond CHAPTER 4 of the image, as well as the smoke turtle design. of liquid. It’s such a simple gesture and yet it isn’t between Human and Turtle. When a friend is hurt The title of this chapter made me re-think a basic Symbolically these images represent the essence of unlike praying with our hands as they are raised to we often ask them “what can I do?” Reflecting on fact of life: Our neighbors whatever species they life that propels First Nations cultural values forward. our faces while in deep thoughts of our proceeding this, I wanted to create an image where the Human may be are ALSO our friends. It’s easy to forget It is also the element that gathers the community actions. This is such a simple gesture yet striking engages the Turtle with the same inquiry “What can that fact in our modern day living as we constantly around much like oral traditions. in that it might soon come to an end if we are not we do?” Turtle and Human are connected by the block ourselves from our neighbors with fences careful with our resources. There may come a time universe in a more enlightened way rather then with and walls, where “privacy” has become an issue CHAPTER 7 when the simple task of washing our face or freely words. I wanted to convey that knowledge is the key even in political debates. We forget that nothing is enjoying the pleasure of quenching our thirst will be The Sacred Circle’s teachings remind us of the; way we can help, by educating ourselves utilizing actually independent of anything. The commonly looked upon as a past luxury with envy and regret unity of our world, ethnicities and cultures, as well the wisdom of the Turtle and by learning ways of held contemporary outlook is to view nature and if we do not take action towards the preservation of as life stages, seasons and plays a key role in the conserving them. the natural world as something to be exploited and our water now. understanding of our relationships with the world. As disconnected from ourselves, is uneducated and an image that represents all the turtles that exist in CHAPTER 13 simply an incorrect perception. Our livelihoods our entire world, I thought it would be important to CHAPTER 10 This illustrated image was created with the intent depend on interconnected values of everyone incorporate this symbol as the key element that sets Frogs and Turtles enjoy more than just of sharing visually as much awe and joy as a working together in a community. Be it human and/ the stage for the image to unfold upon. The turtles environmental connections they are also close celebration can. The central figure of the turtle is our or non human, we are all related to one another in chosen for this chapter image relate to the traditional friends in an ecosystem that depends on each other focus. Around the turtle all the water folk are creating some way. In this image I wanted to capture a very colors within the circle: Yellow Belly Slider, Red Ear for survival. Both are environmental indicators and a dazzling celebratory dance presentation of life. intimate friendship between the inhabitants of the Slider, Black Tortoise and Albino Sea Turtle. their health and abundance in a specific ecosystem Colors were kept light hearted to emphasize this wetlands, and their connection’s to one another. can indicate the overall health or danger of an joyous occasion. CHAPTER 8 ecosystem. They become key factors and facilitators CHAPTER 5 in keeping those ecosystems alive and well. My I wanted to highlight the First Nations traditional A good habitat is one that can provide any image focused on this connection and relationship to responsibility of women as Keepers of the Water. species with all that it needs: Shelter, Food, and each other. Their poses indicate a circular, cyclical I drew association both physically in form while abundance. These things let all creatures thrive and whole form where each is dependant, a part of, utilizing the figure of a woman. Her hair and peacefully, with the capacity to create families of and completing the other. body merge with the flowing wavy patterns of their own. I wanted the focal point of this image to be the ripples in the water. The nurturing quality of the water connects the female figure, with arms 83 WALKING WITH MISKWAADESI TURTLE ISLAND CONSERVATION 84 BERNICE GORDON ARTIST BIOGRAPHY

Born and raised in Toronto, Canada Bernice Gordon has been drawing since she was two and a half years old. While growing up she developed a passion for animals, science fiction, cartoons, and ancient cultures. These subjects of interest have become the center stage for her images and illustrations.

Bernice is a graduate of the Sheridan Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning in Ontario and uses a wide variety of mediums to express all of her interests visually, sometimes merging the traditional with contemporary.

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