BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Saat Ini Keberadaan

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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Saat Ini Keberadaan BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Saat ini keberadaan media massa sudah menjadi sebuah bagian yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari masyarakat dan media massa sendiri dapat menjangkau massa dengan jumlah yang besar. Salah satu media massa yang sangat dibutuhkan masyarakat adalah televisi. Televisi bersifat audible dan visible yaitu dapat dilihat dan dapat didengar serta terdapat program-program yang dihadirkan televisi mulai dari berita, Talk Show, Reality Show, Infotaiment, Variety Show dan program-program lainnya. Program tersebut lalu menyatu untuk menarik perhatian khalayak dan khalayak tersebut yang menentukan program apa yang mereka pilih sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing khalayak tersebut. Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi media massa juga mengalami perkembangan dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi tersebut. Dengan adanya perkembangan media massa tersebut terjadi integrasi antara satu media dengan media lain yang disebut konvergensi media. Konvergensi media menggabungkan beberapa media tradisional seperti radio, televisi, koran, majalah, dan film yang digabungkan menjadi sebuah paket baru yang disebut new media yaitu internet. New media mengarah pada kehadiran media yang dianggap baru dari sebelumnya yaitu dari era media cetak, seperti majalah sebagai media konvensional menjadi blog sebagai media baru (New Media). Contoh new media lainnya saat ini adalah menonton dengan sambungan internet atau yang disebut video streaming bahkan kini video tersebut dapat diunduh secara gratis. Di Indonesia sendiri telah terdapat teknologi video streaming dan pengunduhan video, pengguna internet di Indonesia yang melakukan pengunduhan dan menonton secara streaming yaitu sebanyak 23%. (http://telkomspeedy.com). 1 2 Dengan adanya teknologi tersebut kini khalayak dapat menonton tayangan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Bersamaan dengan hal itu muncul Hallyu Wave yaitu berkembangnya industri hiburan Korea Selatan ke bernagai negara tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Hallyu Wave tidak hanya meliputi boyband dan girlband serta drama korea namun saat ini program Variety Show Korea juga sudah mulai mencuri perhatian khalayak di Indonesia. Salah satu program Variety Show Korea adalah program Variety Show Running Man. Di Indonesia sendiri khalayak dapat menonton program Variety Show ini dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang berkaitan dengan konvergensi media yaitu menggunakan teknologi pay TV (televisi berbayar), streaming dan mengunduh setiap episodenya. Running Man merupakan sebuah Variety Show dari Korea Selatan yang berasal dari channel SBS Good Sunday. Episode pertama Running Man disiarkan pada tanggal 11 Juli 2010. Dalam Variety Show ini para pemain diberikan beberapa misi di setiap episode yang mengharuskan mereka berlari, oleh karena itu nama dari Variety Show ini adalah Running Man. Gambar 1.1 Pemain Variety Show Running Man (Sumber: www.google.com diakses pada tanggal 10 Agustus 2014 pukul 15.34) 3 Pemain-pemain tersebut diantaranya: Yoo JaeSuk, Ji SukJin, Kim JongKook, Kang HeeGun(Gary), Ha DongHoon(Haha), Song JiHyo, dan Lee GwangSoo. Terdapat aktor Song JoongKi yang dahulu merupakan pemain tetap di program Variety Show Running Man. Setiap episode program Variety Show Running Man biasanya didatangakan satu atau lebih bintang tamu yang ikut bermain bersama para pemain tetapi juga terdapat beberapa episode yang tidak terdapat bintang tamu. Alasan peneliti memilih program Variety Show Running man antara lain pertama Variety Show Running Man menjadi Variety Show Korea pertama dan satu-satunya yang ditayangkan di stasiun televisi nasional Indonesia. Saat ini penonton Running Man Indonesia dapat menonton program Variety Show Running Man yang ditayangkan di salah satu stasiun televisi swasta yaitu Rajawali TV dan program tersebut akan tayang setiap hari sabtu dan minggu pukul 16.30 WIB. Alasan kedua, penonton program Variety Show Running Man sendiri tidak hanya dari Korea saja namun terdapat banyak penonton yang berasal dari negara-negara lain. Hal tersebut terlihat ketika para pemain program Variety Show Running Man mengunjungi beberapa negara seperti Thailand, Hongkong, Vietnam, Australia dan tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Pada episode di luar negeri tersebut, terlihat antusiasme dari para penggemar yang menonton program Variety Show Running Man yang berada di luar negara Korea itu sendiri. Para pemain Running Man sendiri datang ke Indonesia untuk para penggemar program tersebut dalam rangka berpartisipasi pada Asian Dream Cup 2014 yaitu acara yang diselenggarakan pada Senin, tanggal 2 Juni 2014 di Gelora BungKarno (GBK), Jakarta. Acara ini merupakan sebuah pertandingan sepak bola antara tim All Stars Indonesia melawan tim All Stars Korea. All stars sendiri terdiri dari pemain bola internasional ternama, para aktor dan pemain Running Man sendiri pada tim All stars Korea. 4 Disamping itu, pemain Variety Show Running Man akan datang kembali ke Indonesia pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2014 yang bertajuk “RACE START SEASON 2”. Dengan demikian program Variety Show Running Man menjadi program Variety Show Korea pertama yang datang untuk shooting episode Running man maupun melakukan fanmeeting di Indonesia. Hal tersebut membuat Running Man menjadi salah satu topik berita di program televisi Indonesia yaitu Entertainment News di NET TV. Selanjutnya jika dibandingkan dengan program Variety Show lainnya, program Variety Show Running Man menduduki posisi nomor satu pada beberapa artikel media on-line di Indonesia seperti: Gambar 1.2 Artikel Media Online tentang Running Man Sumber: http.iwantobehepi.wordpress.com diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014 pukul 19.34) 5 Gambar 1.3 List Top Rated Kshow-online Sumber: Kshow-Online.com diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014 pukul 19.43) Gambar 1.4 Artikel pogram Variety Show Korea di Facebook Sumber: facebook.comKpopIdolFanFictionposts449482365101155 diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014 pukul 20.04) 6 Jika dibandingkan program salah satu program Variety Show Korea lainnya seperti 1 Night 2 Days yang merupakan kompetitor program Variety Show Running Man, program Variety Show 1 Night 2 Days memiliki pengikut akun twitter yang tidak sebanyak program Variety Show Running Man. Penulis menelusuri penyuka program Variety Show 1 Night 2 Days di Indonesia dan terdapatlah akun twitter dan Facebook program Variety Show 1 Night 2 Days sebagai berikut: Gambar 1.5 Akun twitter @1N2Dindo Sumber: https://twitter.com/1N2D_indo diakses pada tanggal 20 September pukul 21.06) Gambar 1.6 Fanpage Facebook 1 Night 2 Days (Sumber: facebook.compages1night-2days-1박-2일-Fans- Indonesia162038183855212 diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014 pukul 20.55 7 Gambar 1.7 Fanpage Facebook Running Man Sumber: https://id-id.facebook.com/RunningManIndonesia diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014 pukul 20.53) Berdasarkan gambar diatas, terlihat bahwa jumlah pengikut akun twitter penyuka program Variety Show Running Man lebih banyak dari pada jumlah pengikut akun twitter penyuka program Variety Show 1 Night 2 Days. Serta like fanpage program Variety Show Running Man lebih banyak yaitu sebanyak 1.345 like sedangkan like fanpage program Variety Show 1 Night 2 Days sebanyak 550 like. Dengan banyaknya peminat program Variey Show Running Man muncul sebutan bagi penyuka program Variety Show Running Man yang disebut Runners (Running Man Lovers). Di kota-kota besar di Indonesia sendiri terdapat fanbase program Variety Show Running Man yang ditunjukan dalam akun twitter. Berikut beberapa akun twitter Runners di beberapa kota di Indonesia: 8 Gambar 1.8 Akun twitter @RunnerRMSby Sumber: https://twitter.com/search?q=%40Surabayarunners&src=typd diakses pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2014 pukul 21.32) Gambar 1.9 Akun Twitter @Malangrunners Sumber: https://twitter.com/search?q=%40malangrunners&src=typd diakses pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2014 pukul 21.35) 9 Gambar 1.10 Akun Twitter @Runners_Medan Sumber: https://twitter.com/search?q=%40medanrunners&src=typd diakses pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2014 pukul 21.40) Gambar 1.11 Akun Twitter @RMbdgindonesia Sumber: https://twitter.com/RMbdgindonesia (diakses pada tanggal 20 Agustus 2014 pukul 16.24) Menurut data diatas, jumlah pengikut akun twitter @Rmbdgindonesia paling banyak dari pada akun twitter penyuka program Variety Show Running Man di kota-kota lainnya. Jumlah pengikut akun twitter @Rmbdgindonesia sudah berjumlah 3.474 followers. 10 Dengan adanya paparan diatas terlihat bahwa program Variety Show Running Man memiliki banyak penggemar yang memilih menonton program tersebut. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan teori uses and gratifications dimana menurut teori ini khalayak memiliki peran yang aktif untuk memilih media (media massa) mana yang ingin khalayak tersebut konsumsi. Sejalan dengan penelitian ini penonton program Variety Show Running Man sebagai khalayak mengalami hal yang sesuai dengan teori tersebut dan oleh karena itu peneliti memilih teori uses and gratification sebagai landasan teori. Teori uses and gratification juga menjelaskan bagaimana khalayak menggunakan suatu media massa untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Terdapat tingkat kebutuhan dasar menurut Maslow yaitu Kebutuhan Fisiologis, Kebutuhan Keamanan, Kebutuhan Cinta, sayang dan kepemilikan, Kebutuhan Esteem serta Kebutuhan Aktualisasi Diri. Tingkat kebutuhan tersebut lalu digolongkan kembali oleh Katz dan Gurevitch menjadi lima kategori yaitu kebutuhan kognitif, kebutuhan afektif, kebutuhan integratif personal, kebutuhan integratif sosial dan kebutuhan pelepasan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut setiap individu memiliki motif atau dorongan yang berbeda-beda.
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