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Patterns of Epipelic Diatoms and Oxygen Distributions in Stream Sediments Taher Nejadsattari Iowa State University

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Patterns of Epipelic Diatoms and Oxygen Distributions in Stream Sediments Taher Nejadsattari Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 Patterns of epipelic diatoms and oxygen distributions in stream sediments Taher Nejadsattari Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Fresh Water Studies Commons Recommended Citation Nejadsattari, Taher, "Patterns of epipelic diatoms and oxygen distributions in stream sediments " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9938. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9938 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MICROFILMED 1992 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mi 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9223952 Patterns of epipelic diatoms and oxygen distributions in stream sediments Nejadsattari, Taher, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Nejadsattari, Taher. All rights reserved. UMI 300N.ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Patterns of epipelic diatoms and oxygen distributions in stream sediments by Taher Nejadsattari A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department; Botany Major: Botany (Aquatic and Wetland Ecology) Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1992 Copyright © Taher Nejadsattari, 1992. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Seasonal periodicity 6 Depth distribution 8 Movement 11 Distribution of light and oxygen in sediment 12 Summary 16 MATERIALS and METHODS 19 Study site 19 Field sampling of sediments for epipelic algae 21 Physicochemical parameters in situ 25 Measurement of oxygen profiles in situ 25 Processing the samples 27 Making permanent mounts 27 Diatom burn mounts 28 Counts of algal cells 28 RESULTS and DISCUSSION 31 Physicochemical Analysis 31 1987 31 1988 31 Population dynamics of epipelic diatoms 33 Depth Distribution of Epipelic Community 1987 47 Distribution of diatoms 1988 65 iii Distribution of diatoms in sandy sediment 1988 65 Distribution of diatoms in silty sediment 1988 69 Depth distribution 1989 77 Viable cell distribution in stream sediment 100 Distribution of dissolved oxygen in stream sediment 106 CONCLUSION 123 LITERATURE CITED 125 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 135 iv LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Per cent depth distribution of Navicula decussis in day time and nighttime 1987 48 Table 2. Per cent depth distribution of Navicula viridula in daytime and nighttime 1987 49 Table 3. Per cent depth distribution of Navicula radiosa in daytime and nighttime 1987 50 Table 4. Per cent depth distribution of Nitzschia palea in daytime and nighttime 1987 51 Table 5. Per cent depth distribution of species of diatoms in daytime and nighttime 1988 67 Table 6. Per cent depth distribution of species of diatoms from silty sediments in daytime and nighttime 78 Table 7. Per cent depth distribution of species of diatoms in daytime and nighttime 1989 84 Table 8. Cell division rates of diatoms from different depths of sediment incubated in growth chamber 103 Table 9. Population density of Navicula radiosa in aerated and anaerobic cores 119 V LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Map of South Skunk River including bear Creek, with sampling site 20 Figure 2. Sampling core with assembly device 24 Figure 3. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and PPFD in 1987 32 Figure 4. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and PPFD in 1988 34 Figure 5. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and stream velocity and PPFD in 1989 35 Figure 6. Changes in population density of Amphora ovalis 1989 37 Figure 7. Changes in population density of Cvmbella naviculiformis 1989 38 Figure 8. Changes in population density of Gvrosiama attenuatum 1989 39 Figure 9. Changes in population density of Navicula crvptocephala 1989 40 Figure 10. Changes in population density of Navicula cuspidata 1989 41 Figure 11. Changes in population density of Navicula radiosa 1989 42 Figure 12. Changes in population density of Neidium dubium 1989 43 Figure 13. Changes in population density of Nitzschia palea 1989 44 Figure 14. Relationship of population of Navicula radiosa and Nitzschia palea to current velocity 46 Figure 15. Depth distribution of Navicula decussis and Nitzschia palea on June 30, 1987 52 Figure 16. Depth distribution of Navicula viridula and Nitzschia palea on July 24, 1987 53 Figure 17. Depth distribution of Navicula radiosa and Nitzschia calea on Auaust 6. 1987 54 Figure 18. Depth distribution of Navicula viridula and on August 20, 1987 55 Figure 19. Depth distribution of Navicula decussis and Nitzschia oalea on September 3, 1987 56 Figure 20. Deoth distribution of Navicula decussis and Nitzschia oalea on September 17. 1987 57 Figure 21. Schematic view of plexiglass cores in stream sediment 61 Figure 22. Depth distribution of Navicula viridula and Nitzschia palea from 3 cores on Julv. 1987 63 Figure 23. Deoth distribution of Navicula decussis and Nitzschia oalea after incubation 64 Figure 24. Distribution of Cvmbella naviculiformis and Navicula crvotocechala on Mav 5. 1988 70 Figure 25. Distribution of Surirella ovata and Navicula radiosa on May 5. 1988 71 Figure 26. Distribution of Cvmbella naviculiformis and Navicula crYDtocenhala on Mav 19. 1988 72 Figure 27. Distribution of Surirella ovata and Navicula radiosa on Mav 19, 1988 73 Figure 28. Distribution of Cvmbella naviculiformis and Navicula radiosa on June 3. 1988 74 Figure 29. Distribution of Surirella ovata and Navicula radiosa on June 3. 1988 75 Figure 30. Distribution of Surirella ovata. Cvmatopleura solea and Navicula crvDtoceohala in siltv sediment on May 19, 1988 81 Figure 31. Distribution of Surirella ovata. Cvmatooleura solea and Nitzschia oalea in silty sediment on June 3, 1988 82 Figure 32. Per cent of Cvmbella naviculiformis population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 92 vii Figure 33. Per cent of Navicula crvptocephala population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 93 Figure 34. Per cent of Navicula radiosa at different depths of sediment on June 1989 94 Figure 35. Per cent of Navicula cuspidata population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 95 Figure 36. Per cent of Neidium dubium population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 96 Figure 37. Per cent of Gvrosicma attenuatum population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 97 Figure 38. Per cent of Surirella ovata population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 98 Figure 39. Per cent of Nitzschia palea population at different depths of sediment on June 1989 99 Figure 40. Growth rates of cells of diatoms recovered from different depths of sediment 105 Figure 41. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 1, 1989 110 Figure 42. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 5, 1989 111 Figure 43. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 9, 1989 112 Figure 44. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 13, 1989 113 Figure 45. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 17, 1989 114 Figure 46. Distribution of dissolved oxygen during daytime in sun, shade and nighttime in stream sediment on June 21, 1989 115 Figure 47. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 25, 1989 116 Figure 48. Distribution of dissolved oxygen and diatom cells in stream sediment on June 29, 1989 117 viii Figure 49. Distribution of Dissolved oxygen and algal cells in two light regimes 118 Figure 50. Distribution of Navicula radiosa
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