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COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE Volwne XIII, Number 20 November 7 Consortium of Social Science Associations COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE Volwne XIII, Number 20 November 7. 1994 SOCIAL SCIENCE TOUTED AT WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE Lionel 'Skip' Johns, Associate Director for MEETING ,t5 Technology, outlined for PCAST the administration's focus on the development of dual use technology for The first meeting of the President's Committee of the defense and commercial sectors. He also asserted Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST), held the need for greater support for social and behavioral on October 25-26, featured a wide-ranging update on science research to focus on the problems society faces federal science efforts, a discussion in which the social in urban areas and education. He noted the and behavioral sciences figured prominently. The 18 forthcoming availability of a comprehensive Federal member panel chaired by John Young, former CEO of Researr.h and Development database that will provide Hewlett-Packard, was appointed by President Clinton access to a listing of government funded projects in last spring and is largely dominated by physical and science and technology. In addition, the White House natural scientists. (seep. 3 for a list of PCAST has produced an on-line system for the Internet using membership) the Mosaic software to provide access to the White House and all government agencies. John Gibbons, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), outlined Johns also discussed the Clean Car project, for the committee the administration's research and Information Superhighway, and increasing educational development policies, which reflect both new priorities technology in the nation's classrooms, eliciting in the post-Cold War era and the continuing pressures comments from PCAST members about the need for to reduce the budget deficit. Gibbons also reported evaluation research on all these projects. Johns that the nine committees of the inter-agency National responded that OSTP has a project to produce metrics Science and Technology Council (NSTC) will release to measure the success or failure of these innovations. strategic plans by the end of the year. The committees PCAST member Judith Rodin asserted that it was are: health, safety and food; information and important to study technology transfer from communication; national security; civilian industrial fundamental to applied problems. She argued for technology; education and training; international more case studies analyzing these models. science; engineering and technology; transportation; and fundamental science. (continued on page two) In describing their respective portfolios, the four Associate Directors of OSTP all noted areas where the social and behavioral sciences are playing roles that INSIDE UPDATE••• are significant and can be expanded. M.R.C. Greenwood, Associate Director for Science, focused •Conference Highlights Social Science Research on the report &ience in the National Interest (see and Policymaking Update, August 8). Greenwood specifically referred •Martin Neil Baily Named to the Council of to the re-emergence of the social and behavioral Economic Advisors sciences as part of the changing mission of scientific •NSF Joins in Effort to Integrate Science and policy in the post-Cold War era. She stated that the Humanities Studies NSTC committees have under consideration 15 of the •GAO: Rural Development Programs Need 18 recommendations produced by the report. Of Overhaul particular interest to the NSTC are improving the •Reception Honors New Justice Research and infrastructure (a report is due soon), expanding Statistics Directors cooperation with the private sector, improving •Featherman to ISR, SSRC Seeks New President participation and access in science, and enhancing •Sources·ofResearch Support: Arms Control and science education and public literacy. Disarmament Agency 2 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE November 7, 1994 Jane Wales, Associate Director for National global change. Issues of population, poverty, inter­ Security and International Affairs, took note of the and intra-generational equity, environmental justice, changing agenda in these areas. Her bailiwick now and cultural conditions, are integral parts of the global includes three areas: 1) the traditional security area environmental change agenda requiring more research, where the nonproliferation issue dominates, and, most Watson declared. Equally important is further work importantly, the disposition of what she called "loose on risk assess~t and risk management. Watson nukes;" 2) the new security agenda that focuses on wants to consult with the social science community to developing strategies for science and technology identify other issues and produce more useful research. cooperation; and 3) the economic security agenda He told PCAST that the social sciences have whose purpose is to create markets and remove advantages because the research costs are often less barriers to trade. than the funding required for research in the natural and physical sciences. The change of the present national security strategy from containment to integration hasrled to a Watson also declared that the Federal government focus on six countries -- Russia, China, India, South machinery for environmental research does not require Africa, Argentina, and Brazil -- for increased S&T institutional changes, such as the proposed National cooperation, Wales announced. She also expressed Institutes for the Environment. He argued instead for interest in examining the origins of civil stability and culture changes in federal agencies, particulary the the prevention of civil breakdown. She said more Environmental Protection Agency. knowledge is necessary about how societal stresses create instability and how conflict originates. Another Advising the President item, Wales noted, was producing increased research on how science and technology can build a sustainable After hearing these presentations, PCAST global society. proceeded to a broader discussion ofhow it can fulfill its mission of giving advice to the President. The Challenge in the Environment panel focused on large broad areas such as education, the environment, health, international affairs and This last issue also interests Bob Watson, investment across these and many other areas. Associate Director for Environment and Natural Resources. He noted that more social and behavioral In this general discussion the impact of the social science research must be conducted on sustainable sciences stood out more clearly. Shirley Malcolm global change. He argued that the research funded so talked about "sustainable human development," far has been disappointing, declaring: "The research quality of life, demographic changes, social summits, agenda in the social sciences has failed," in the area of political will, as part of the S&T agenda. Murray Gell-Mann noted such issues as the need to exaffiine the impact on society of the information revolution, CONSORTIUM OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS the greening ofthe economy, mental health, and the Executive Director: Howard J. Silver origins of conflict as within the purview of the science Government Affairs: Susan Persons advisers. He also noted the paucity of social scientists Public Affairs: Michael Buckley on the PCAST itself. Administrative Officer: Karen Carrion Although the panel concluded its two-day meeting President: William Julius Wilson without a definitive sense of how it will proceed, it The Consortium ofSocial Science Associations represents was clear that the social and behavioral sciences had more than 185,000 American scientists across the full range affected their future agenda. of the social and behavioral sciences, functioning as a bridge between the research world and the Washington community. Update is published fortnightly. Individual subscriptions arc available from COSSA for $60; institutional subscriptions, $120, overseas mail, $120. ISSN 0749-4394. Address all inquiries to COSSA, 1522 K Street, NW, Suite 836, Washington, D.C. 20005. Phone: (202) 842-3525, Fax: (202) 842-2788 November 7, 1994 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE 3 CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS r SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND POLICYMAKING //) THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOWGY The recent conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management held October Chairs 28-30 in Chicago heard several presentations John H. Gibbons, Asst. to the President for Science and concerning social science research and its connection Technology to policymaking. COSSA Executive Director Howard John A. Young, Fonner President and CEO, Hewlett-Packard Silver attended the meeting and his report follows. Members HEALTH CARE REFORM HURT BY TIME Nonnan R. Augustine, Chainnan and CEO, Martin Marietta LAGS IN RESEARCH AND POWER OF CBO Corporation Paul Starr, Professor of Sociology at Princeton Francisco J. Ayala, Professor of Biological Science, Professor University and author of the award winning book The of Philosophy, University of California, Irvine Social Transformation ofAmerican Medicine, was a Murray Gell-Mann, Professor, Santa Fe Institute, Professor of key adviser to the Clinton administration as it Theortetical Physics, California Institute of Technology developed and unsuccessfully sold its health care reform plan. According to Starr, President Clinton David A. Hamburg, President, Carnegie Corp. ofNew York and senior administration officials were well-versed in John P. Holdren, Professor of Energy, University of health policy research. In an administration with California,
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