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The Harold Porter National Botanical Garden in the Kogelberg Biosphere

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The Harold Porter National Botanical Garden in the Kogelberg Biosphere The Harold Porter National Botan ical Garden in the Kogel berg Biosphere Reserve lead the way with thei r innovative community environmental education programmes by Phakamani M' Afrika Xaba, Harold Porter Garden National Botanical Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Betty's Bay Two and half years ago the then National Botanical Institute (NBI) board approved a community-focused pilot project, the Overberg Useful Indigenous PlantsProject (OUPP). Initiallythe project fell under the South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI's) Urban Conservation Programme and it was later moved to the Environmental Education Directorate. Based in the fynbos biodiversity 'hot spot', the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve World Heritage Site (which was also the first UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in South Africa), our project operates from the only coastal botanical garden in South Africa: SANBI's Harold Porter National Botanical Garden (NBG). This ambi­ ABOVE LEFT: Inspirational rock art from the Linton plate at the iZiko South African Museum. tious pilot project is aimed at securing ABOVE RIGHT, TOP: The landscape plan of the KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden at Harold Porter NBG. the sustained and meaningful involve­ Picture courtesy of iZiko. ment of historically disadvantaged com­ munities in the conservation of the ABOVE RIGHT: A drawing on one of the storyboards in the KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden at Harold Porter NBG exceptionally rich biodiversity of the showing a KhoiSan man making string from Struthiola myrsinites. Drawing: Chris Burlock. Overberg area. The project has expanded into many 'sub-projects'all with the common objec­ Greening Programme in the Overberg help of the WWF-SA, at Kirstenbosch tives of conservation through aware­ and the planting of indigenous street NBG. Work started in 2004 on a simi­ ness, education, skills training, job trees on Kleinmond Main Road. lar garden at Harold Porter NBG, with creation and promoting the sustainable plants that were used by the KhoiKhoij use of the environment. These include The KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden Khoekhoe and SanjSoaQuan people the KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden at The first SANBI Useful Plants Garden who earlier inhabited the area. (The Harold Porter NBG, the Environmental began as a muthi garden (medicinal term KhoiSan is a collective term used Education Garden-based School Visits plants garden) at the KwaZulu-Natal for both groups by anthropologists). Programme, the establishment of the NBG and was then expanded into a The KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden Vuk'zenzele Indigenous Community fully fledged, traditional useful indige­ (KUPG) at Harold Porter NBG is used Nursery in Kleinmond, the develop­ nous plants garden with plants used by as an educational tool for a variety of ment of indigenous, waterwise, useful rural Nguni people for crafts, weaving, programmes for schools and local resi­ plant gardens in domestic and public medicine, food and recreation (includ­ dents including unemployed members spaces in Kleinmond and Betty's Bay, ing beer). The concept was then devel­ of historically disadvantaged commu­ the initiation of the Schools Outreach oped on a much larger scale, with the nities. The garden has certainly made 198 December 2006 Veld&Flora people aware of the fynbos and the need for its conservation. It has also shown how plants can be used sustainably for income generation, and has encouraged water conservation through the devel­ opment of waterwise gardens. Roger Oliver, a horticultural student at Harold Porter NBG at the time, played a piv­ otal role in assisting with the research, planning and implementation of this project. The landscape design of the useful plants garden is inspired by the Linton plate rock art painting which is on dis­ play at the iZiko South African Museum in Cape Town. The organic shapes used in the design continue the over­ all Harold Porter NBG theme. Wooden poles used for bed edging are laid out with gentle curves that slow the pace of the visitors, in order to enrich the visual and educational impact of the demon­ stration garden. Different types of rocks used by the KhoiSan are arranged in the Garden to form the shape of the head of the KhoiSan man as designed in the land­ scape plan. The paths are arranged ABOVE: Lesley-Ann Williams conducting an Environmental Education Garden-based Programme at Harold to resemble the body, torso, legs and Porter NBG. Photo: P. Xaba. arms. The KhoiSan Useful Plants Garden features plants that were used for food, medicine, craft, construction, tools at Harold Porter NBG) co-ordinated the Learning Programmes: Forest Ecology, and charms. Plants include katstertjie collective efforts to develop an interest­ Useful Plants and Map Orientation. The (little eat's tail) Struthiola myrsinites ing and informative interpretation of the 2005 April floods delayed the develop­ which is used to make string and rope, garden. There are eleven 'storyboards' ment of the programme, but all three water mint Mentha aquatica used to with information about biodiversity and are up and running now and fur­ cure colds and flu, oval-leaf buchu the KhoiSan way of life, delightfully ther programmes are being developed. Agathosma serratifolia used to alleviate illustrated by Chris Burlock, a local Admirably assisted by the Goldfields stomach complaints, fever and colds, environmental activist. Individual plant Environmental Education Centre staff and aasbossie (bait bush) Coleonema labels also contain information about at Kirstenbosch NBG, we are also train­ album the aromatic leaves of which are individual plants, including scientific, ing assistant education officers, all used for potpourri and by fishermen to family and common names in isiXhosa, recruited from the local community, remove the smell of bait and fish from Afrikaans and English. The garden also who will be able to run the programmes their hands, hence the common name. displays a rusting steel statue of a San in three local languages: isiXhosa, Other popular plants include isiCakathi man done by Simba, a Zimbabwean Afrikaans and English. Agapanthus africanus which is used for artist. The interpretation of this garden Our two-year intern Lesley-Ann postnatal disorders, Kaapse bergaal­ was sponsored in memory of Malcolm Williams is currently developing a new wyn Aloe succotrina used as a purple and Terry-Ann Chapman by their family learning programme for the KhoiSan dye, and the brown wild sage Salvia and friends. Useful Plants Garden as part of her africana-Iutea which is used to allevi­ But beware! Many of the plants are studies with Rhodes University's ate coughs, colds and fever. The garden highly toxic and we highly recommend Environmental Education Participatory includes fynbos plants that were used that people contact a qualified medi­ Certificate Course. by the early European settlers, such the cal practitioner before using any of the waboom (wagon tree) Protea nitida, the plants. The Vuk'zenzele Indigenous roots of which were used to make ink. Community Nursery Useful indigenous 'filler plants' dem­ The Environmental Education A partnership between the Kleinmond onstrate how to add colour or shape to Garden-based Programme community, Overstrand municipality create an aesthetically pleasing garden. This programme makes use of the and SANBI was forged to establish a Our information on the plants was Harold Porter NBG and all its resources community indigenous nursery in the sourced from publications and through to inspire and enable people to take historically disadvantaged community interviews with local people who still use responsibility for their environment. of Kleinmond. This project hopes to the plants. Jane Forrester (horticultur­ The Harold Porter NBG has three gar­ expose the community to the rich fyn­ ist and part-time interpretation officer den-based Environmental Education bos biodiversity on their doorstep, and December 2006 Veld&Flora 199 to help unemployed people, through The Durban University of Technology skills development and training, to (DIT) provides structured and accred­ develop a viable nursery business. ited horticultural and business skills From the beginning the community training for project participants. Be nursery was designed and implement­ Landscaping is also providing further ed by staff members chosen by the horticultural training. Vuk'zenzele development committee. The Vuk'zenzele committee have All facilities in the nursery were con­ registered a Section 21 Company to structed with the help of staff members facilitate management and administra­ as part of the training and empow­ tion and eventually the Vuk'zenzele erment process. The nursery is the team hopes to support sustainable eco­ proud owner of a potting shed, potting nomic initiatives that also conserve the bench, a 'hardening-off shade struc­ environment. ture, a large cold frame (for cuttings) Plants cultivated by Vuk'zenzele are and media storage bays. The project is sold to Harold Porter NBG's sales nurs­ funded by SANBI's Greening the Nation ery, schools in the Outreach Greening Programme*. Programme and to commercial and SANBI staff mentor project partici­ private organisations and individuals. pants, from teaching them to identify The nursery also produces vegetables plants, passing on horticultural skills and seedlings for sale at low prices to and assisting with marketing, to general the community. Some of the plants exposure in the horticultural industry. they grow include the cancer bush or uNwele Lessertia jrutescens, pigs LEFT TOP:
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