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O Pequeno Livro Da Dissertação O Pequeno Livro da Disserta¸c~ao Recursos e sugest~oespara realizar uma tese sem dor Paulo J. S. Gil, Ana F. C. Relvas Instituto Superior T´ecnico IST vs. 1.1, Dez. 2015 Conte´udo Pref´acio ix Lista de Figuras xi Lista de Tabelas xiii 1 Introdu¸c~ao 1 1.1 Para que serve este documento . .1 1.2 Organiza¸c~aodeste trabalho . .3 2 Vou iniciar uma tese, e agora? 5 2.1 Tese = proposi¸c~ao . .5 2.2 Os orientadores parecem malucos e muitos s~ao . .5 J´atem orientador? . .5 O orientador tem mais que fazer. .6 O orientador costuma saber umas coisas. .6 O orientador como mentor. .7 2.3 Aqui quem manda sou eu! . .7 2.4 A que horas fecha a secretaria? . .7 2.4.1 Aspectos a considerar . .8 2.4.2 Modelos e regras dispon´ıveis . .8 3 Come¸carcom o p´edireito 11 3.1 Di´ariode bordo . 11 3.1.1 Escrever e produtividade . 11 3.1.2 Usar papel nos tempos que correm? . 12 3.1.3 Informa¸c~aoa incluir no di´ario. 12 3.2 Objectivos claros . 13 3.2.1 Esmiu¸caros objectivos . 13 3.2.2 Researh question ............................ 14 3.2.3 Exemplo . 14 3.3 Estrutura do trabalho . 15 3.3.1 Estruturar o trabalho . 15 A organiza¸c~aodo trabalho faz-se no in´ıcio.. 15 Do geral para o particular. 15 iii iv Conte´udo Estrutura. 15 Como estruturar? . 16 O documento da tese tem a mesma estrutura que o trabalho. 16 Estruturar o documento de tese ou o trabalho? . 17 3.3.2 Estimar o tempo . 17 3.4 Organizar o trabalho . 18 Organizar desde o in´ıcio´ea ´unicamaneira eficaz. 18 3.4.1 Organiza¸c~aono computador . 18 Organize as pastas no computador. 18 Sugest~aode estrutura de pastas. 19 Pastas apenas de leitura e pastas de resultados gerados. 20 3.4.2 Nomes de ficheiros e pastas . 20 Use nomes informativos. 20 3.4.3 Se n~aotratar da informa¸c~ao,ela tratar´ade si . 22 Curador da informa¸c~ao. 22 Comente os seus programas profusamente. 22 Inclua um cabe¸calhonos ficheiros de dados. 22 N~aodeite nada fora! . 24 Novas vers~oescom nomes diferentes. 24 3.4.4 Fa¸ca backups frequentes! . 24 3.5 Ferramentas de Suporte . 25 3.5.1 Software Carpentry........................... 25 3.5.2 Outras ferramentas de suporte . 26 Esbo¸care estruturar. 26 Acumula¸c~aoe organiza¸c~aode informa¸c~ao. 26 3.5.3 Editores de texto. 27 Substitutos do Notepad e muito mais. 27 Guerra de editores de texto. 27 3.5.4 T~aosimples e t~ao´uteis . 28 Gest~aode ficheiros. 28 Onde est´ao %#&@*! do ficheiro?! . 28 Copiar e copiar, colar e colar. 28 Durma tranquilo. 28 Onde encontrar recursos? . 29 3.5.5 E n~aomenos importante . 29 Que aplica¸c~oesusam pessoas similares? . 29 As comunidades online s~aoum recurso excelente. 29 Atalhar caminho. 29 Quando tudo o mais falha. 30 Coda. 30 3.6 Escreva a Introdu¸c~ao ASAP 1 ......................... 30 Escreva a Introdu¸c~aono in´ıcio. 30 Existem v´ariasvantagens em escrever a Introdu¸c~aono in´ıcio: 31 Conte´udo v E n~aoobrigar´aa rever mais tarde? . 31 Antes de escrever a Introdu¸c~ao.. 31 3.7 Word vs. LATEX................................. 32 Editores do tipo WYSIWYG (como o Word). 32 Word, pr´ose contras. 32 LATEX, pr´ose contras. 33 Recursos para Word e conversores. 34 Distribui¸c~oes de LATEX: como instalar e usar. 34 Como aprender LATEX?..................... 35 Sugest~oese recursos de LATEX: . 36 Modelos de tese em LATEX.................... 37 3.8 Gest~aobibliogr´afica . 37 3.8.1 Revis~aobibliogr´afica. 37 Gest~aode bibliografia. 37 Busca de bibliografia. 38 Algumas bases de dados espec´ıficasde artigos. 39 O que fazer com os artigos? . 39 Outras fontes. 41 3.8.2 Como citar? . 42 Citar tudo mas mesmo tudo? . 42 Cita¸c~aode conhecimento consolidado. 42 Para que serve uma refer^enciabibliogr´afica?. 43 Gest~aode refer^encias. 43 Formato de bases de dados bibliogr´aficasBibTEX. 43 Gest~aode refer^enciasbibliogr´aficas.. 44 Estilos. 44 Que estilos e como os automatizar? . 45 Ainda a ter em conta. 46 Como referir trabalho anterior no contexto de uma revis~ao bibliogr´afica?. 47 4 Escrever e comunicar 49 4.1 Estrutura e organiza¸c~aoda tese . 49 4.1.1 Do geral para o particular . 49 Organizar as ideias. 49 Esbo¸cara tese. 49 4.1.2 Estrutura . 50 Princ´ıpio,meio e fim. 50 Nomes. 50 4.2 A import^anciada ortografia e do estilo . 51 4.2.1 Para que servem as regras de escrever? . 51 A ortografia e estilo s~aomais importantes do que pensa. 51 O estilo faz toda a diferen¸caem Ci^encia.. 52 vi Conte´udo Estilos h´amuitos; como decidir? . 53 4.2.2 Elementos de estilo e como o melhorar . 53 Elements of Style ........................ 53 A unidade da escrita ´eo par´agrafo.. 53 Deixe o suspense para Alfred Hitchcock. 55 Omita palavras in´uteis. 55 Recursos para escrever. 56 4.2.3 Quest~oes t´ecnicasda escrita . 56 Matem´atica:as equa¸c~oes fazem parte das frases. 56 Outras quest~oesmatem´aticas.. 57 Constantes e unidades f´ısicas. 57 Nomenclaturas e acr´onimos.. 57 Resumos de trabalho anterior. 58 4.2.4 Revis~ao,revis~ao,revis~ao. 58 Revis~aoprofunda. 58 T´ecnicade escrever coordenada com revis~ao. 59 4.3 Escrever uma boa introdu¸c~ao . 59 5 Eu quero mesmo fazer esta tese. Mesmo. Mesmo? Mesmo! 63 5.1 Motiva¸c~ao. 63 O que ´ea motiva¸c~ao? . 63 Motiva¸c~ao= energia interna que nos faz superar. 63 Qual o melhor tipo de motiva¸c~ao? . 63 Como posso estar motivado se detesto a coisa que estou a fazer neste momento? . 64 Qual ´ea sua motiva¸c~ao?. 64 5.2 Tem problemas? Optimo!´ . 64 At´eos cientistas mais extraordin´ariossentem dificuldades. 65 O problema n~ao´eo problema. 66 5.3 O que leva pessoas inteligentes a terem comportamentos est´upidos .... 66 At´ea pessoa mais inteligente do mundo comete erros. 66 Os dois tipos de intelig^encia. 66 Como medimos a intelig^encia?. 67 Como lidamos com desafios e fracasso? . 68 Quais s~aoos resultados? . 68 Vai escolher acreditar que n~aoexiste fracasso, apenas feed- back?........................ 68 O que fazer? . 68 5.4 A arte de evitar a experi^encia:procrastina¸c~ao. 69 Porque procrastinamos? . 69 Como procrastinamos? . 69 Conhe¸caa sua procrastina¸c~ao.. 70 Como lidar com a procrastina¸c~ao? . 70 Conte´udo vii 6 Como ser mais produtivo. 73 6.1 Ser mais produtivo ´euma escolha pessoal . 73 6.2 Gest~aoda aten¸c~ao . 73 Multitasking n~aofunciona . 73 As interrup¸c~oesdestroem a produtividade. 74 6.3 Duas estrat´egiaspara treinar a sua capacidade de aten¸c~ao. 75 Desligue as notifica¸c~oesde email. 75 Mas ´e-meimposs´ıvel desligar o email, o meu caso ´eespecial! 75 T´ecnicado tomate. 76 Evite trabalhar em grandes tarefas na mesma parte do dia. 76 N~aointerrompa.
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