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317913-000 12345678901 A TECHNICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL WATER HEATER SYSTEMS Printed in the U.S.A. 0210 317913-000 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 l. Introduction To Commercial Water Heating Pages 1234567890Index1 Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 2-3 12345678901 12345678901 What is Hot Water? ........................................................................................................................ 3-4 12345678901 Evaluating Water ............................................................................................................................ 4 12345678901 12345678901 ll. Principles of Sizing 12345678901 Hot Water Demand ........................................................................................................................ 5 12345678901 12345678901 Profiles of Operation ...................................................................................................................... 5-6 12345678901 12345678901 lll. Equipment Performance 12345678901 Recovery Capacity Tables .............................................................................................................. 6-7 12345678901 Storage Capacity And Tank Efficiency ............................................................................................7 12345678901 12345678901 Gas and Oil - Fired Tank Type Heaters .......................................................................................... 8 12345678901 Electric Tank Type Heaters ............................................................................................................. 8 12345678901 Auxiliary Tank (Unfired)................................................................................................................... 8 12345678901 Heater Recovery Plus Storage Tank Equals Demand .................................................................. 8 12345678901 12345678901 Heater Recovery And Storage Tank Performance Comparison ................................................... 9 12345678901 When Using Electricity to Heat Water ............................................................................................10 12345678901 Estimating Water Heating Costs ................................................................................................... 10 12345678901 12345678901 lV. System Types And Application 12345678901 Design Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 11 12345678901 12345678901 System Types ................................................................................................................................. 11 12345678901 Tank Type Water Heater Systems Using Gas, Oil and Electricity .................................................. 11-12 12345678901 Creating The Successful System ..................................................................................................13 12345678901 12345678901 Sizing Without Prepared Information ............................................................................................. 13-14 12345678901 One Temperature System .............................................................................................................. 14 12345678901 Two Temperature System .............................................................................................................. 15 12345678901 Field Assistance............................................................................................................................. 15 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 This guide is different than most produced by the water heating industry. Instead of just referring you 12345678901 to prepared sizing information the guide shows you how it’s done. Then, when new model heaters are 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 introduced or applications are different, you will have the information necessary to proceed on 1234567890Foreword1 your own with confidence. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 You will learn how to evaluate water characteristics which could affect system life and 12345678901 performance, develop a profile of system operation to establish demand and recovery periods, 12345678901 12345678901 size energy and storage requirements to meet system demands and, all told, create a 12345678901 successful commercial water heating system. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 1234567890I. Introduction1 to Commercial Water heating 12345678901 12345678901 Parameters 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 A water heater is an appliance for supplying hot water for residential or commercial use other than 12345678901 space heating. The maximum outlet water temperature for a water heater is 210°F ( 98.5°C). 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 Water heaters are sometimes called boilers and may be so labeled. This is because the gallon 12345678901 12345678901 capacity of the tank and/or the energy input is above a level for which some codes require ASME 12345678901 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) construction. Essentially the requirement applies 12345678901 12345678901 when the water-containing capacity is in excess of 120 gallons or the heat input is above 200,000 12345678901 Btuh (58.6 kw). Caution, some local inspectors interpret the code to mean including 120 gallons 12345678901 12345678901 and 200,000 Btuh. The “boiler” requirement can cause cost escalation or system rejection if not 12345678901 taken into consideration by the system designer. One way that more expensive heater costs are 12345678901 12345678901 often avoided is by combining several “smaller” heaters into a system instead of one large unit. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 The term water heater and water heating system is used interchangeably in this technical guide. 12345678901 The water heating system may consist of one or more water heaters installed individually at 12345678901 12345678901 points-of-use or manifolded together to form a central system. Some systems are comprised of 12345678901 water heater(s), with or without storage, hot water storage tanks, circulating pump, related piping 12345678901 12345678901 and controls. 12345678901 2 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 The major objective of this presentation is to promote the design of energy-efficient commercial water 12345678901 heating systems through proper sizing, equipment recommendations and system selection. Properly 12345678901 12345678901 designed commercial and industrial water heating systems are essential to the health and well being of 12345678901 the community. Some activities would have to suspend operations or risk serious health and comfort 12345678901 12345678901 problems if they do not have the quantity of hot water at the temperature needed during the time it is 12345678901 required. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 Therefore, the key to proper water 12345678901 heating system design is to identify 12345678901 12345678901 the quantity, temperature and time 12345678901 characteristics of the hot water 12345678901 12345678901 requirement. Also, space available 12345678901 for equipment should be noted. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 But first, a knowledge of water and 12345678901 its characteristics is necessary in 12345678901 12345678901 order to effectively design a water 12345678901 heating system. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 1234567890QUANTITY1 1234567890TEMPERATURE1 1234567890TIME1 & SPACE 12345678901 SYSTEM CONCEPTS 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 What is Hot Water? 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 Hot water is water to which heat energy has been added . .as more heat is added the water becomes 12345678901 hotter. This water temperature guide shows typical water heating system design temperatures. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 In practice, the system designer will establish the temperature or temperatures of hot water needed 12345678901 12345678901 for the various activities through consultation with the user or their representative. It is also necessary 12345678901 for the system designer to know the coldest entering water temperature in order to determine temperature 12345678901 12345678901 rise. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 * The average temperature of the hot and cold water mixture applied to the body. 12345678901 The hot water being normally obtained from the commercial water heating system at 140°F. 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 3 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901
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