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EVALUATION of CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES: Iraq Field Study Report

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EVALUATION of CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES: Iraq Field Study Report Evaluation of Child Friendly Spaces Iraq Field Study Report: A MoLSA-Implemented CFS in Domiz Refugee Camp March 2014 Janna Metzler1, Abduljabar Atrooshi2, Emad Khudeda2, Delkhaz Ali3, & Alastair Ager1 1Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; 2UNICEF Iraq; 3Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for the Government of Iraq Acknowledgements This study was funded by UNICEF and facilitated through a research collaboration between World Vision International, Columbia University and partners that – as a major strand of a prioritized Child Protection Working Group agenda – is addressing the impact of Child Friendly Spaces through a series of field evaluations. The work reported herein was conducted in collaboration with the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for the Government of Iraq and UNICEF. The authors are grateful for the technical support and collaboration of the research team, particularly Saji Thomas, Maki Noda, Abduljabar Atrooshi, Delkhaz Ali, and Emad Khudeda. Thanks to our data collection team for their dedication in the field: Lava Mahmood Kalash, Abaid Hassan Saado, Naheda Mohammad Nazeer, Lilav Khalil, Jala Ahmed Suliman, Diyar Abdulrahman Ramazan, Shiraz Abdul Aziz al Khalil, Shireen Ahmed Ahmed, Isra Mohammed and Hevin Suliman Ali. The support of Susan Garland of the Columbia Group for Children in Adversity in administering the award from UNICEF that facilitated the work of the Columbia University is also gratefully acknowledged. Many thanks to Diala Dabbas of the Columbia University Middle East Research Centre in Amman who facilitated the field training of the research team in Amman. All photographs courtesy of UNICEF Iraq EVALUATION OF CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES: Iraq Field Study Report Summary In a three-year collaboration, World Vision International and Columbia University, now joined by UNICEF and Save the Children, are seeking to document the protective and restorative effectiveness of Child Friendly Spaces (CFSs), identify good practice in CFS design and implementation, and contribute to the development of better monitoring and evaluation tools for CFS programming. Facilitated through this research partnership, this study was conducted in Domiz Refugee Camp located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in collaboration with the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Government of Iraq and UNICEF. This study marks the third evaluation completed as part of this collaboration and the first in the Middle East region responding to the crisis in Syria. This study built upon a structured review of the evidence-base for CFSs in emergencies (Ager, Metzler, Vojta, & Savage, 2013) as well as on learning from previous work, conducted in Ethiopia and Uganda (Metzler et al., 2013a, 2013b), particularly with respect to the selection of survey measures and in the use of mobile phones in data collection. It additionally piloted new measures to assess community awareness of resources, the coping mechanisms of children, and the reasons behind children not attending CFS programming. Unlike earlier studies, however, CFS implementation began several months before the evaluation and no baseline data was collected. The resulting cross-sectional design of the evaluation therefore relied solely on comparison between CFS attenders and non-attenders to infer impact. The study randomly selected participants from the catchment area of the CFS, collecting survey data from interviews with 294 caregivers of children aged 7 to 11 (135 of whom were attending CFS and 159 of whom were not) and with 185 children aged 12 to 16 (54 of whom were attending CFS and 131 of whom were not). The CFS programme provided a range of psychosocial activities as well as promoting life skills, hygiene, child rights, mine awareness, and vocational activities. Evaluation tools were selected to assess impact with respect to three key areas: (1) the protection of children from risk, (2) the promotion of children’s psychosocial wellbeing, and (3) supporting caregivers and communities in strengthening systems of child protection. The evaluation indicated that the CFS was successful with respect to a number of the program’s objectives. The proportion of children attending CFS who were from vulnerable households (defined in terms such as sharing a tent with another household, having four or more children in the household under the age of ten years or having a single parent heading the household) was similar to the proportion not attending. Caregivers of children attending and not attending CFS reported similar levels of protection concerns, with the three most frequently reported - not being able to return home, kidnapping, and not being able to return back to school – being shared concerns irrespective of attendance status. However, caregivers of children attending CFS were less likely to report risks regarding separation from family and friends, child labor, nightmares, trafficking, and tension within the family. Caregivers of children attending CFS reported one concern more frequently than caregivers of EVALUATION OF CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES: Iraq Field Study Report 1 non-attenders: verbal sexual harassment. This appears to be related to the context of children walking across the camp to attend the CFS. Caregiver stresses related to lack of shelter or loss of property were reported at similar levels irrespective of CFS attendance. However, reported stresses regarding safety were lower – and reported stresses regarding lost livelihood and lack of food higher – amongst caregivers of children attending CFS compared to those of caregivers of children not attending CFS. One explanation of these associations is that while a child’s attendance at CFS may reduce caregiver concerns regarding safety, this may be at the expense of a child being able to supplement household labour in compensation for lost livelihoods and shortages of food. Impact on community awareness of child protection mechanisms was indicated by the widespread awareness of the Child Protection Unit, established by MoLSA in tandem with CFS programming, as a resource to support, protect and care for children. Attainment of some targeted outcomes was not demonstrated, however. For example, there was little evidence of attending CFS having an impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of children. The study indicated that programming could be usefully strengthened to ensure appropriate opportunities are taken to support children’s psychosocial wellbeing. Those attending the CFS would benefit from awareness of wider community-based resources and consideration should be given to the CFS serving as a hub for resource persons from non-governmental organizations, community groups and children’s families to promote their activities and potential supports. These findings are from a single study in a specific setting with a cross-sectional (rather than pre- and post-) design and as such are not presented as generalizable to other contexts. Learning from this and the first two studies will inform subsequent evaluations in the planned series, with a view of developing an evidence base from which broader lessons related to CFS design, implementation and evaluation can be drawn. EVALUATION OF CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES: Iraq Field Study Report 2 Background Little robust evidence exists related to outcomes and impacts of Child Friendly Spaces (CFSs) even though it is one of the most widely used interventions in emergencies for child protection and psychosocial support (Ager, Metzler, Vojta, & Savage, 2013; Global Protection Cluster, Global Education Cluster, INEE, & IASC, 2011). World Vision International and Columbia University began a three-year collaboration in 2012 seeking to document the protective and restorative effectiveness of CFSs, identify good practice in CFS design and implementation, and contribute to the development of better monitoring and evaluation tools for CFS programming. The first structured evaluation was conducted in 2012 with Somali refugees in Buramino Refugee Camp near the Southeast border of Ethiopia (Metzler et al., 2013b). The second was completed in 2013 with Congolese refugees in Rwamwanja Resettlement Center in Western Uganda (Metzler et al., 2013a). The findings of both evaluations demonstrate, with important cautions and conditions, encouraging evidence of the effects of CFS on child well-being and the function these programs may have within formal and informal community child protection systems. This third structured evaluation of CFS was completed as part of this collaboration, which now involves UNICEF and Save the Children. UNICEF provided funding and technical assistance in supporting this evaluation. It was the first study in this series to be conducted in the Middle East region. The evaluation built upon the previous studies in the choice of survey measures and in the use of mobile phones in data collection. It additionally piloted new measures to assess the coping mechanisms of children and the reasons behind some children not attending CFS programming. Intervention As a result of ongoing and escalating conflict in Syria, large numbers of refugees have been crossing borders into neighboring countries, including Iraq. With the threat of U.S. involvement in response to the use of chemical weapons in Syria, neighboring countries documented a surge of refugees at their borders in August 2013 (UNHCR, 2013). This evaluation was conducted during the months of August to October 2013 in Domiz Refugee Camp located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. As of October 2013, nearly 200,000 refugees
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