DomesticationDomestication ofof aa traditionaltraditional EuropeanEuropean medicinalmedicinal plantplant –– exampleexample ofof AlchemillaAlchemilla alpinaalpina aggagg .. At our starting point there was a public campaign against wild collected plants Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Genus Alchemilla Family Rosaceae
A. alpina agg. A. vulgaris agg . Ecological indiactors and plant communities Habitat = Alpine meadows
Seslerietalia (Blue Sesleria grass) Nardion (Mat-grass) Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Collection sites Alchemilla alpina agg . – an aggregate of different species During collection of accessions
we learned the reason for that unpleasant quality often claimed by quality control Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Seed production Very special conditions for germination
Snow cover is pre-requisite Alchemilla alpina Propagation M ethods Comparison
5 0 46 4 5 crop output failures of plants 4 0
3 5
3 0
2 5
2 0
15 10 10 5 4,9 5
0 dividing of roots seed propagation Comparison of propagation methods
Dividing of roots = 46% failures
Seedlings = 10 % failures In-vitro propagation Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Phytochemical variability
Cultivar R Cultivar E Wild coll.
Front
Start Alchemilla alpina Tannin Content (after Glasl)
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5 Tannin [% ]
1
0,5
0 Wild collected 1 Wild collected 2 Cultivar 12 Cultivar Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Inbreed necrosis Erwinia infection Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Progress in cultivation
1997 (3rd year) 1999 2000 2001 Screening of harvesting techniques Development of a special harvesting technology for field crop of low growing plants The solution: Multiplying of simple lawn-mower Domestication strategy
1. Studies of the natural habitat: botany, soil, climate, growing, natural distribution and propagation 2. Collection of the wildly grown plants and seeds; establishment of a collection; phytochemical investigation (screening) 3. Plant propagation: vegetatively or by seeds, plantlet cultivation; (biotechnology: in vitro propagation) 4. Genetic improvement: variability, selection, breeding; phytochemical investigation, biotechnology (in vitro techniques) 5. Cultivation treatments: growing site, fertilisation, crop maintenance, cultivation techniques 6. Phytosanitary problems: pests, diseases 7. Duration of the cultivation, harvest, post-harvest handling (technical processes, solar energy); phytochemical control of the crop produced 8. Economic evaluation and calculation
C. FRANZ, B. MICHEL. Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076, 1995 - 1996 Final report Volume IV Case studies Field cultivation
2001 2002
3rd year Just planted
2nd year Alchemilla alpina - Spacing test Second Year
30 28,4 40x40 352 g crude herbal material/qm, weeding by maschine possible 20x20 625 g crude herbal material/qm, weeding only by h and 25
20 17,4
15 13,2 11,8
10
6,7
5
0 0 1st cut 2nd cut 3rd cut Tryal with cultivation on plastic film to evaluate expenditure of hand labour in ecologic farming Improved quality pays
Wild collected
cultivated Main reason for starting the domestication project
Purity of crude medicinal herb Variability of contents Introduction to organic cultivation
Obstacles
Germination rate Propagation procedure Harvesting Domestication of Alchemilla alpina was time consuming
Collection of accessions Eco - geographical data
Cultivation method
10 years Harvesting techique
Propagation Project Participants
Stekly Günter
Schneider Ernst
Rödel Gerhard
Gidekel Manuel INIA Carillanca Temuco, Chile
Brunner Peter Index Salus Ltda Villarrica, Chile Franke Rudolf Project publications
Schneider E., Stekly G., Brunner P. Domestikation von Bergfrauenmantel (Alchemilla alpina agg.) Zeitschrift für Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen 4:134 -140(1999)
Stekly G, Rödel G, Eberlein H, Dallinger J, Schneider E, Franke R. Entwicklung eines Erntegerätes für Kulturen von Bergfrauenmantel Poster, Fachtagung Heil- und Gewürzpflanzen, 12.-15.11.2001, Bad Neuenahr- Ahrweiler
Stekly G, Rödel G, Eberlein H, Dallinger J, Schneider E, Franke R. Entwicklung eines Erntegerätes für Kulturen von Bergfrauenmantel (Alchemilla alpina agg.) Zeitschrift für Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen 7-Sonderausgabe:203-207(2002) Thank you for your attention
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