Contando Histórias: Fixers Em Sarajevo

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Contando Histórias: Fixers Em Sarajevo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Universidade Estadual de Campinas Contando histórias: fixers em Sarajevo Andréa Carolina Schvartz Peres Orientador: Prof. Dr. Omar Ribeiro Thomaz Supervisor Estágio Sanduíche: Prof. Dr. Muhidin Mulalić (IUS - Sarajevo, BiH) FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA DO IFCH - UNICAMP Bibliotecária: Cecília Maria Jorge Nicolau CRB nº 3387 Peres, Andréa Carolina Schvartz P415c Contando histórias: fixers em Sarajevo / Andréa Carolina Schvartz Peres. - - Campinas, SP : [s. n.], 2010. Orientador: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz. Co-orientador: Muhidin Mulalic. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. 1. Jornalismo – Bósnia- Herzegovina. 2. Etnologia. 3. Bósnia- Herzegovina – História. 4. Sarajevo (Bósnia- Herzegovina) – História – Cerco, 1992- I. Thomaz, Omar Ribeiro. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Human as. III.Título. Título em inglês: Telling stories: fixers in Sarajevo Palavras chaves em inglês (keywords) : Journalism – Bosnia and Herzegovina Ethnology Bosnia and Herzegovina – History Saravejo (Bosnia-Herzegovina ) – History – Siege, 1992- Área de Concentração: Antropologia Social Titulação: Doutor em Antropologia Social Banca examinadora: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz, Amnéris Ângela Maroni, Paula Montero, Heloisa Buarque de Almeida, Sebastião do Nascimento Data da defesa: 20-12-2010 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Antropologia Social SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos .............................................................................................................. 7 Resumo .......................................................................................................................... 9 Notas gráficas e de pronúncia ...................................................................................... 11 Notas sobre o uso de idioma estrangeiro no texto, abreviações e grafia dupla ............. 13 Nota sobre os nomes das pessoas ............................................................................... 16 PREÂMBULO ............................................................................................................... 17 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 21 Apresentando o fixer ........................................................................................................ 22 O fixer no jornalismo internacional ................................................................................... 25 A guerra na Bósnia e Sarajevo ........................................................................................ 27 Organização da tese ........................................................................................................ 35 PARTE 1 – CONSTRUINDO AS QUESTÕES .............................................................. 37 Capítulo 1. Entre Balcanismo e Civilização ...................................................................... 39 1.1. Imagem dos Bálcãs .................................................................................................. 39 1.2. Questão nacional na ex-Iugoslávia e na Bósnia-Herzegóvina ................................... 48 Capítulo 2. Sobre o método. Localizando os fixers no debate antropológico, ou Por uma antropologia do trabalho de campo .................................................................................. 71 O antropólogo no trabalho de campo ............................................................................... 72 Entre o informante e o intérprete...................................................................................... 73 Tradução e mediação cultural .......................................................................................... 78 PARTE 2. Contando a história: fixers em Sarajevo ....................................................... 85 APRESENTAÇÃO. Sobre a pesquisa de campo ............................................................. 85 Chegando a Sarajevo ...................................................................................................... 85 Encontrando os fixers ...................................................................................................... 88 Aprendendo idiomas ........................................................................................................ 96 Sobre a autoctonia, ou a origem dos muçulmanos da Bósnia ........................................ 102 A pesquisa ..................................................................................................................... 104 5 CAPÍTULO 1. Jornalistas ............................................................................................... 109 Perguntas ...................................................................................................................... 110 Correspondentes internacionais e fixers ........................................................................ 113 Em Sarajevo .................................................................................................................. 125 Elogio ao jornalismo internacional .................................................................................. 128 Aprendendo com os profissionais .................................................................................. 133 Objetividade, neutralidade e verdade ............................................................................. 134 Uma vida diferenciada durante a guerra ........................................................................ 143 Histórias ......................................................................................................................... 145 Quando o fixer vira a história ......................................................................................... 149 Mídia local e controle da mídia ...................................................................................... 151 CAPÍTULO 2. A guerra .................................................................................................. 175 Guerras na Bósnia ......................................................................................................... 176 O cerco .......................................................................................................................... 205 CAPÍTULO 3. Mas por quê? ......................................................................................... 241 Ex-Iugoslávia ................................................................................................................. 241 A guerra como obra de outros ....................................................................................... 257 Mas afinal, isso é Bálcãs................................................................................................ 276 CAPÍTULO 4. Sarajevo hoje: rock versus turbo-folk....................................................... 281 CAPÍTULO 5. Na Republika Srpska ............................................................................... 293 Lugares.......................................................................................................................... 298 A guerra ......................................................................................................................... 306 APÊNDICE: Sobre o Kosovo, pela televisão .................................................................. 330 CAPÍTULO 6. Quem é quem ......................................................................................... 337 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ........................................................................................... 361 BIBLIOGRAFIA .............................................................................................................. 373 FILMES CITADOS ......................................................................................................... 388 APÊNDICE .................................................................................................................... 389 I. Relação dos entrevistados .......................................................................................... 390 II. Mapas ........................................................................................................................ 394 III. Fotografias ................................................................................................................ 399 IV. Músicas e textos originais ......................................................................................... 429 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à International University of Sarajevo (IUS), especialmente ao programa “Strategic Analysis and Risk Assessment” da Faculdade de Artes e Ciências Sociais (FASS) dessa universidade, ao meu supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhidin Mulalić e aos professores e funcionários dessa universidade, que me deram todo o apoio que precisei durante a pesquisa de campo, especialmente ao Professor Mehmet Can, ao então co-reitor Emir Hadţikadunić, à Azra, ao Mirsad, ao Šerif, à Sabiha, ao Jasmin, à Sadina, ao Amir, ao Enes e ao Bakir. Agradeço muito à Capes, que me ofereceu a bolsa de estágio sanduíche, e à Fapesp, que proporcionou que eu realizasse todo o restante do doutorado com bolsa de estudos. Agradeço à Associação de Jovens Lingüistas e Tradutores (Udruženje mladih lingvista i prevodilaca), onde tive minhas aulas de bósnio em Sarajevo com a professora Sandra Zlotrg. E à professora
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