Diagnóstico Da Produção De Sementes E Mudas No Estado Do Amazonas

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Diagnóstico Da Produção De Sementes E Mudas No Estado Do Amazonas INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DE FLORESTAS TROPICAIS DIAGNÓSTICO DA PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES E MUDAS NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS MARIANA CONDÉ MARQUES Manaus, AM Março, 2019 MARIANA CONDÉ MARQUES DIAGNÓSTICO DA PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES E MUDAS NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS ORIENTADORA: DRA. ISOLDE DOROTHEA KOSSMANN FERRAZ Coorientadora: Dra. Yêda Maria Boaventura Corrêa Arruda Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências de Florestas Tropicais. Manaus, AM Março, 2019 ii Relação da banca julgadora Dra. Fátima Conceição Márquez Piña-Rodrigues Universidade Federal de São Carlos Dr. Gil Vieira Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dra. Maria Cristina Figueiredo e Albuquerque Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso iii iv “Em princípio, o que quero dizer é que cada pessoa escolhe se vai sair do torno triturada ou com um polimento brilhante”. Elisabeth Kübler Ross, M.D. v Agradecimentos “A gratidão é a memória do coração” e gravados em meu coração estão pessoas tão queridas que tornaram esta árdua caminhada mais alegre. Minha profunda gratidão ao Pai Criador por ter concedido vida, luz e tantos encantos. Se consegui chegar até aqui é porque o meu pai, Frederico, me ensinou o valor do estudo e minha mãe, Mônica, me ensinou a acreditar em mim. Meus irmãos, Carolina e Marcelo, são meus guardiões de boas memorias da infância e confidentes de todas as horas. Nicolas, meu peixinho do mar, que vem me ensinando as belezas possíveis de encontrar em amar. Alice, minha mana e conselheira. Extensivamente sou grata à toda família Condé e Marques, em especial meus avós Agostinho e Maria José, Sebastião e Therezinha, por terem dado início a uma história que hoje faço parte; graças a vocês podemos compartilhar tanto carinho e felicidades em família. Sou também muito grata e feliz por poder ter pessoas no mundo inteiro que posso chamar de amigos. Foi por causa da amizade de muitos que continuei seguindo em momentos difíceis, atravessei marés e tempestades e passei a depositar mais confiança em mim mesmo. Marian e Leandro, pela acolhida em Manaus e constante esforço por fazer daqui um lar. Aos amigos do NMD por me acolher nesta irmandade. Celle, Mat e Barrbara, as melhores companhias, risadas, bolos de cenoura e muito amor sempre. Queridos do Eco da Sapopema pelo axé de sempre, muita gratidão por aprender com vocês o baque virado. Agradeço muito aos amigos do Laboratório de Sementes e herpetólogos agregados por fazerem do meu dia a dia um constante aprendizado, sempre com alegria e guloseimas. À minha orientadora, Dra. Isolde, pela confiança e incansáveis horas de reunião. À Yêda pela coorientação e apoio. Ao querido Gê, por ser sempre tão prestativo, solícito e disposto em auxiliar. Muito grata a todos que me auxiliaram em campo: Caio nos mais longos deles, Neyde, Bia, Itamara, Semirian, Marcelle, Bárbara. Muitíssimo grata! A todos os produtores que aceitaram fazer parte deste trabalho, sem todos vocês, não seria possível chegar até aqui. Agradeço também ao CNPq pela bolsa de estudos e à FAPEAM pelo apoio financeiro. Finalmente, ao PPG CFT pela oportunidade de cursar mestrado no meio da Amazônia. vi Resumo O cenário global político ambiental e o comprometimento do Brasil em restaurar extensas áreas aumenta a preocupação com o fornecimento de materiais para implementação desses projetos. Para conhecer a situação da produção de sementes e mudas no Amazonas, fizemos um levantamento dos produtores do estado com visitas aos locais de produção e aplicação de formulário. Os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva. A produção de sementes e mudas no estado do Amazonas ainda é incipiente quando comparada com a necessidade de provisionamento para compromissos de restauração assumidos pelo Brasil. Para atingir essa finalidade, uma base de dados atualizada e consistente se torna necessária, que pode se originar de informações do Renasem. A quantidade produzida ainda não é significativa, porém pode ser aumentada usando a mesma infraestrutura e número de produtores. Uma mudança do enfoque de produção de espécies nativas com potencial de restauração será necessária para que seja essa a principal destinação do material de plantio. Dessa maneira, o setor econômico produtivo de sementes e mudas precisa ser expandido, porém ainda depende de incentivos externos para operação, principalmente no quesito financeiro. Palavras chave: Amazônia, propagação vegetativa, cadeia produtiva da restauração, Renasem, produtores de sementes e mudas vii Abstract The global environmental policy scenario and Brazil’s commitment to restore extensive areas increases the concern about provision of material for implementation of these projects. To understand the situation of the production of seeds and seedlings in Amazonas state, we did a survey of producers in the state with visits to places of production and application of form. The data obtained were analyzed based on descriptive statistics. Seed and seedling production in the state of Amazonas is still incipient compared to provisioning need for restoration commitments in Brazil. To this end, a data base updated and consistent is required, that could stem from Renasem’s record information. The quantity produced is not yet sufficient to re-establish floral richness of the Amazon. A shift to focus on production native species with restoration potential will be needed for this to be the major destinations of planting material. Thus, economic, production-related sector of seed and seedling needs to be extended, however seems to depend on external incentives for operation, specially regarding financial performance. Key words: Amazon, plant propagation, productive chain of restoration, Renasem, seed and seedling producers viii Sumário Lista de Figuras ....................................................................................................... ix Introdução ................................................................................................................. 8 Objetivos ................................................................................................................. 13 Geral................................................................................................................................13 Específicos ......................................................................................................................13 Capítulo 1 ................................................................................................................ 14 Abstract ...........................................................................................................................15 Introduction ......................................................................................................................16 Methods ...........................................................................................................................18 Results ............................................................................................................................20 Discussion .......................................................................................................................25 Literature cited .................................................................................................................41 Figures and Table ............................................................................................................44 Supplementary Information 1 ...........................................................................................52 Capítulo 2. ............................................................................................................... 59 Abstract ...........................................................................................................................60 Introduction ......................................................................................................................61 Methods ...........................................................................................................................63 Results ............................................................................................................................65 Discussion .......................................................................................................................67 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................72 Tables and Figures ..........................................................................................................76 Appendix 1.......................................................................................................................80 Appendix 2..................................................................................................................... 100 Síntese ................................................................................................................... 105 Referências Bibliográficas................................................................................... 107 ix Lista de Figuras Capítulo 1 Figure 1: Location of the Seed Suppliers and Nurseries registered at Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) in Amazonas state.......................................................................... 45 Figure 2: Number of bottlenecks (in parentheses) allocated in ten
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