सजलु महारा - िनमल महारा पाणी व ता सहा संथा

Aatmasanman Maharashtra

सजलु महारा - िनमल महारा पाणी व ता सहा संथा

Aatmasanman Maharashtra

A B Mr. Sham Lal Goyal IAS Additional Chief Secretory Water Supply and Sanitation Department Government of Maharashtra

Foreword Maharashtra state is geared for achieving 100% elimination of open defecation by 31st March 2018. With its innovative approaches, strong institutional arrangements, strong focus on behaviour change and conducive environment for learning and adaptation; the state has made its mark in the sanitation sector.

Water Supply and Sanitation, GoM has had an opportunity to work closely with UNICEF Mumbai to incorporate systematic approaches and has sought its technical support in collaboration with PriMove, the National and State KRC on Sanitation. This collaborative work has given rise to tested and proven solutions for specific issues in SBM implementation. What has worked in Maharashtra can work in other places as well with contextualization. Therefore, we thought of collating some of the good and best practices, stories of change together, to showcase how various challenges were dealt with.

This coffee-table book presents 31 best practices from various districts, particularly the erstwhile high-burden district, and their determination to pursue the universal sanitation goals. Each of them touches upon different key components of SBM work, such as planning and implementation, convergence, SBCC, IPC, supply chain management, sustainability, technology, branding, promotion, human resource, monitoring, school sanitation, MHM, and social and mass media.

Some of these best practices have originated from local community level, some at the district and state level. Their source or area of influence may have varied, but a coordinated and integrated approach has helped us to bring best out of them, and even to replicate and upscale them to other districts.

We hope the readers will appreciate this earnest effort of knowledge sharing and find it a useful resource contributing to the learning and thinking in the sanitation sector.

(Sham Lal Goyal)

C Credit

Aatmasanman Maharashtra

Published by: Government of Maharashtra and Unicef Maharashtra

Cover Photo: Mr. Sarfaraj Kazi, PriMove Pune

Design & Layout : Community Scope

Inside Photo Credit:

Mr. Jayant Deshpande, Consultant, Unicef MS Mr. Sandeep Tendulkar Consultant, Unicef MS Ms. Bharathy Tahiliani, Consultant, Unicef MS Mr. Sarfaraj Kazi, PriMove Pune Mr. Mahesh Kodgire, PriMove Pune Mr. Prakash Mhetre DPM, SBM Latur Mr. Udhav Phad IEC SBM Latur Mr. Krushnakant Khanzode, IEC SBM Chandrapur Mr. Satish Aurangabadkar IEC, SBM Aurangabad Mr. Ram Shringare IEC Consultant, SBM Washim Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale, ZSBP, SBM Jalna Mr. Bhagwat Shinde, BRC SBM Osmanabad Mr. Pandurang Shetage, Gramsevak, Kunkeshwar GP Mr. Arif Shaikh, Press Photographer

Year: February 2018

This coffee table book has been developed by Water Supply and Sanitation Department, GoM, UNICEF Maharashtra with technical support from PriMove Infrastructure Development Consultants Pvt Ltd.

D Index

1. Toilet celebration! 1 2. Sachin Tendulkar impressed with Donja’s enthusiasm and spirit 3 3. Tackling reluctance with the help of Revenue and Police departments 5 4. Inter-district deployment of HR 7 5. Engaging a skilled human resource 9 6. Engaging collective strength of women 11 7. Inter personal communication with laggers 13 8. ODF Calendar 15 9. Unique monitoring mechanism in Jalna 17 10. Supportive supervision 19 11. District Swachhata Plan 21 12. Mission 90 days - a concerted campaign 23 13. Women ambassadors in Pipalgoan 25 14. Resistance addressed through Rapid ODEP 27 15. Blend of mini- missions in Nanded 29 16. Triggering action through Students’ Courts 31 17. Selfie with pride for health 33 18. All-Women ‘Good Morning’ squads tackle resistant villagers 35 19. Maharashtra girls have a reason to smile! 37 20. Zeal and determination of a pregnant women 39 21. Welcome to Sanitation Park 41 22. Daily WhatsApp bulletins 43 23. Balancing supply with demand 45 24. Sanitation as an entry point for village development 47 25. Handling de-composed waste: pit emptying exercise - Officer leads by example 49 26. Neem Wash: Natural cleanser for two pit toilets 51 27. Pit digging drive 53 28. Dehed - A village inspired by successful school sanitation 55 29. Increasing demand through demonstrations 57 30. Finding local solutions to local challenges for operation and maintenance of sludge 59 31. Low cost underground drainage in Washim 61

E 1 Toilet celebration!

Motivated families, like the Sagare family in Halgara village, Nilanga block in Latur district, find novel ways to highlight importance of toilet use.

After realising adverse health consequences of OD, especially upon the children, Sagare couple decided to construct their own toilet adjacent to their home. As its completion coincided with their son’s 4th birthday, the couple got the idea to decorate toilet room for celebration. This was to bring home the significance of owning a toilet to get rid of OD. Posting a family photograph with the toilet, the couple got across their message widely. When the District CEO received the photo on his WhatsApp he shared it with media persons. Attracting wide publicity this novel birthday celebration, and its message, made its mark.

“Unless and until everyone in the village adopts hygienic ways of defecation, our children are not fully safer. Celebrating birthday in the new toilet was a way to spread our earnest appeal to people.”

Mr. Ajay Sagare, GP Halgara, block Nilanga, district Latur

2 3 Sachin Tendulkar impressed with Donja’s enthusiasm and spirit

On December 19, 2017, Donja, a village from Paranda block in Osmanabad district, was all set to welcome a special guest - the cricket icon, Rajya Sabha member, Bharat Ratna and SBM Brand Ambassador Sachin Tendulkar. Men, women, and children awaited in keen anticipation to give a hero’s welcome to Tendulkar, who was visiting the village for the first time after adopting it under the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) in November 2016.

Along with wanting to personally meet the legendary cricket star, the villagers also wanted him to see the progress of projects inspired after he took interest in their village. Donja, with a population of over 2,800, “Remember that achieved ODF status shortly after Tendulkar adopted it. In their cleanliness always starts facilitation visits UNICEF and PriMove representative found the from oneself. If every villagers receptive to new ideas. Mr. Sarfaraj Kazi appreciated the individual inculcates habit determination of villagers as he greeted Mr. Tendulkar on behalf of of cleanliness, then the these two organisations. family and the village will remain clean and hygienic. Planning and tendering process for other major projects - a water As a brand ambassador of scheme to provide potable water to all houses, a new school building SBM I feel happy that Donja with sewage system, and concrete roads - has also been completed. villagers have maintained Deeply concerned with issues related with children and education, Tendulkar also visited aanganwadi centre and felicitated bright girl their personal and students, besides playing cricket with school children. community environment With his earnest interest in the efforts in Donja and his willingness to clean and neat.” support, Tendulkar’s visit sparked immense motivation across the district. Mr. Sachin Tendulkar

4 5 Tackling reluctance with the help of Revenue and Police departments

Active convergence with Revenue and Police departments played a decisive role in expediting progress in two stagnant blocks - Ambad in Jalna and Ahmedpur in Latur.

Jalna teams planned a strategy of positive incentive in consultation with Tahsildar Mr. Bharaskar and the Revenue Department.

Incentives were offered in appreciation of positive behaviour of families having and using a toilet, such as waiving of processing charges for their documents and delivery of Pher Utara (planting certificates) at their doorsteps. Talathi office stamped documents in two colours - green ink for people having a toilet, and red ink for people not having a toilets - stressing upon urgency of construction.

Latur teams involved Police department in awareness meetings “I feel proud that I could and monitoring. To facilitate community acceptance Mr. Pujari, PSI contribute in SBM in my deputed his staff with SBM teams. While he himself visited some of administrative authority. It the villages to explain significance of sanitation to people. With his authority he could influence people to accept positive sanitation was an opportunity to go practices. beyond the call of duty.”

Contributing best in them the two departments gave boost to Mr. Bharaskar, Tahsildar, campaigns in the respective districts. block Ambad

6 7 Inter-district deployment of HR

Every district has its hard spots. For Sangli it was Jat, a high burden block with more than 50% of the district’s target, when rest of the nine blocks were fast heading towards ODF.

With 42% households without a toilet facility, and only 38 out of total 116 GPs declared ODF, Jat posed a real challenge for the district. To bring the block on par with rest of the areas, Sangli decided to bring teams from other blocks who had by now achieved their targets. Experienced human resource, who had already tested success, pumped in energy in the campaign and within one and a half month Jat cleared its backlog. In the process of achieving its goal, Sangli gave birth to a new approach of effective HR deployment to hit the hard spots.

This idea was then replicated to help the districts struggling to achieve their targets.

The 10 out of total 33 rural districts, who had become ODF by March 2017, played a key role in inter-district deployment of HR. “This was a positive First a 12-member team was drawn from each of the 10 districts, they initiative of cross learning were oriented and then placed in the target districts for a period of and exchange of ideas that one month. Thus Sangli team went to Osmanabad block in district has advanced sanitation Osmanabad , and so on. process in challenging All expert teams worked with the local teams in the host districts to areas.” refine the plans and enhance the quality of their implementation. Working in the most difficult blocks, they demonstrated success. This Mr. Parmeshwar Halge, collaborative activity increased toilet construction in the chosen District HR Consultant, ZP areas and boosted the spirit of the host district. Parbhani

8 9 Engaging a skilled human resource

One of the key building blocks of a campaign is to engage a skilled human resource, like the team of Master Trainers and Motivators in the districts of Marathwada and Chandrapur. Careful identification, comprehensive training, and ample space for cross learning, has developed this team into a robust force shaping and sustaining the sanitation campaigns in their districts.

Potential candidates for these roles were selected from among government functionaries, working at various levels with the Department of Water and Sanitation. Their track record in promoting sanitation and efforts in making ODF villages formed the sole criteria for their selection. A meticulous selection process led to form a team of 34 Master Trainers and 71 Motivators from 9 districts. The 5-day training on ODEP (Open Defecation Elimination Planning), along with field work, equipped the team to take on the ground level challenges. “ODEP training equipped me to While ODEP Master Trainers are a ready resource on all sort of play my role of motivator for technical knowledge concerning sanitation, the Motivators are convincing people to change adept at community mobilisation and communication for their old habits. My work gave behavioral change. In the periodic meetings, Master Trainers and me an opportunity to contribute Motivators are eager to listen to each other, as they get to newer insights from each other. On field they have extended their hands by for societal development.” developing a team of 373 Champions, local level frontline workers. Mr. Uttam Tarachand Ade, Pace and quality of implementation has considerably improved with Gramsevak, Panchayat Samiti this skilled human resource active in every district. Kalamnuri, district Hingoli

10 11 Engaging collective strength of women

Being primary caretakers of young children and household hygiene, women are key stakeholders in the sanitation campaign. However, SBM teams in Nanded realised that they are not able to reach them as effectively as they should. Involvement of Aanganwadi and ASHA workers helped only to an extent, but did not ensure entry within each and every family.

Deciding to engage women’s collectives in the district, Mr.Ashok Shingare CEO ZP, invited SHGs in all 16 blocks in Nanded district for a one-day gathering on 09 August 2017. Over 7000 women from 1500 SHGs came together to ally with the on-going sanitation campaign.

With status update of the district, thought provoking presentations by practitioners like “Women’s SHGs have played important role in Mr. Bhaskar Perepatil, Patoda in Aurangabad, spreading the sanitation coverage in Nanded. We and an appeal to join in, women got inspired to use their collective strength towards a must recognise and admire their initiative.” greater cause. They contributed in elevating the district campaign, by carrying the Mr. Kailas Gaikwad, ODEP Master Trainer and sanitation messages to over one and a half Extension Officer (Panchayat), block Ardhapur, lakh households in 400 GPs. district Nanded

12 13 Inter personal communication with laggers Reasons for not having a toilet can vary with persons, which calls for With a clear emphasis on meaningful a personal dialogue. communication, these household contact drives succeeded in creating Hence, ahead of 2 October 2016, district sanitation teams stirred up a connect with families leading to rural Maharashtra with a 42-day long focused drive - ‘Bhetigathi, positive actions. Exceeding the set Swacchatesathi’ - that is personal visits to promote sanitation. target, this drive covered over 19 lakh households across the state, Aimed at clarifying doubts and concerns, the visits were specifically including far flung Gram Panchayats. meant for the households that did not have toilets at that time. Setting to reach 18 lakh families, which was the state’s target of toilet The state overreached its target by construction for the FY 2016-17, the drive started on 22 August 2016. constructing total 19,17,554 toilets in the FY 2016-17. It was marked as a state-level initiative in every sense. Political leaders, administrative officials, and functionaries from line departments joined hands with the district teams.

Three stimulating activities formed the heart and soul of the household visits. Firstly, a dialogue with families to understand their “Bhetigathi Swacchatesathi perception and concerns, secondly, handing over a request letter to was a meticulously planned build a toilet along with explaining its social and health benefits, and executed initiative to and thirdly, placing a sanitation sticker on the house based on its strengthen involvement of status. people and other Made in three categories - Fantastic (having and using toilets) - stakeholders in the sanitation Medium / 50:50 (having and not using toilet) - Risky (not having campaign.” toilet) - the sticker messages were pasted on all households in the village and served as reminders to attain or maintain a desired Mr. Sachin Adsul, District IEC change. Consultant, SBM Pune

14 15 ODF Calendar

Reviewing campaign’s progress, Hingoli district team realised that success lies in focusing all energies at correct place and correct time. But it is easier said than done, with multiple stakeholders, different phases, and range of activities that shape the campaign.

The team found a solution - an ODF Calendar that charts where to work and when to work, among other things.

Developed as a simple excel sheet template, ODF calendar is a tool to plan, implement and monitor district’s ODF Campaign.

Planning is made with a bottom up approach by deciding the tentative date / month to make each GP ODF in consultation with the local community. The date confirmed by ODEP Gram Sabha is considered final and recorded in the calendar. Accordingly a timeline is marked for each block, with a proper backward planning for activities and human resource needed to build up local momentum through behavioural change and implementation for each GP. Activities are aligned with all major days and local festivals that are also marked on the calendar. The calendar presents the complete activity picture of the district at a glance, and also indicates state of activities at a place, helping district team to plan their meetings to boost up the process. For monitoring purposes block-wise lists are segregated and used by concerned people.

Keeping all stakeholders on the same page, ODF calendar has helped Hingoli to achieve more results in a less time span.

“ODF Calendar proved to be a leading light for the district and block teams in achieving their targets timely and appropriately.”

Mr. Arun Rasal, Divisional Coordinator, WSSO, Mumbai

16 17 Unique monitoring mechanism of Jalna

By now it is widely accepted that awareness on toilet construction should go hand-in-hand with its usage. Taking one step further Jalna district developed and used a unique monitoring mechanism to monitor - toilet construction (output) and toilet usage (outcome) - concurrently.

Building on the already existing daily monitoring mechanism, Jalna district introduced use of social networking based review mechanism to update daily progress. Regular weekly review with block level sampark adhikari and monthly review with CEO, helped in timely identification of needs and corresponding planning. Motivators and master trainers reviewed block wise progress in their fortnightly meetings and planned needed actions to address challenges. Involvement of elected representatives in their respective constituencies and other stakeholders facilitated community engagement in pursuing sanitation goals.

This way district SBM teams improved speed and quality of their monitoring and covered 43% backlog within a span of just ten months. Jalna was declared 100% ODF in October 2017.

“Tracking output and outcome simultaneously proved effective in ensuring quality construction of toilets and subsequently their usage.”

Mr. Himanshu Kulkarni, M&E Consultant, Jalna

18 19 Supportive supervision

Water and Sanitation Support Organisation (WSSO), Maharashtra engaged Riddhi Foundation (RF) as the key resource agency for the third party evaluation of SBM (G) with support from UNICEF.

One of the important activities of RF, which has immensely helped district teams, was their village visits. Every month, focusing on high burden districts, RF teams selected two Gram Panchayats - one each with good and poor performance. A sample of 10 households in each GP was drawn to assess the status of sanitation on various parameters. The detailed report identified implementation gaps, flagged up issues for future attention, and noted minute observations on areas to improve. Based on their field visits RF also presented an overall assessment on time frame required to reach the district’s goal before district and state authorities.

Appointed in March 2014, RF’s objective assessment has drawn attention to several minute points, which otherwise get missed out in routine reporting and monitoring. With its supportive supervision RF has contributed in fine-tuning review and planning processes, and improved progress within the districts.

“The ground assessment and analysis presented in the district progress cards by Riddhi Foundation has helped the districts in planning future strategies to achieve sanitation goals in time.”

Dr. Satish Umrikar, Director, WSSO

20 21 District Swachhata Plan

Being the key administrative unit leading the sanitation Oversight and monitoring mechanisms campaign district becomes the critical node of planning. ensure regular daily and weekly monitoring However, with multiple diversities within the area and and setting reporting systems, concurrent multiple levels of program implementation, it is challenging online and offline data entry, monitoring of for districts to evolve and execute a suitable plan specific to quality of construction, involvement of their needs. Therefore, to enable districts to devise their own elected representatives, and third party strategy based on local needs, DWSS in collaboration with monitoring. WSSO, UNICEF and PriMove introduced the concept of District Swachhata Plan (DSP). Based on the district-wide approach and a clear strategy, a comprehensive activity plan DSP is created through a workshop process and with and financial plan is developed, along with participation of district leadership and SBM teams, who play assigning clear roles and responsibilities. a key role in its execution. Workshop facilitates assessment of present status - enabling factors as well as bottlenecks in DSPs provided a concrete plan for making the district - to develop a district-wide approach in setting the district ODF in stipulated time, and also realistic targets. SWOC analysis enables them to think upon guided on effective implementation. Its strategies to strengthen enabling factors and addresses execution has proved to be beneficial for the bottlenecks, and accordingly a strategy is planned. districts.

These three strategic pillars are - demand management, “By identifying our strengths and demand response mechanism and oversight and monitoring. opportunities, we could devise District Swachhata Plan to Demand management entails generation, articulation and overcome the weaknesses and consolidation of demand. tackle the threats, and chalk out a Demand response mechanism ascertains back end services, demand-supply based strategy for including supply chain and processing of applications, making the district ODF.” effective fund flow mechanism including convergence of government schemes, and capacity building events, among Mr. Madhukar Wasnik, Dy CEO others. (WATSAN), Beed

22 “Everyone on ZP office participated in the Mission to make it a success. I appreciate their spirit. People’s positive response was an encouraging factor.”

Mr. Anand Rayte IAS, Former CEO, ZP Osmanabad

23 61%

Mission90Days Sanitation Coverage till 2nd July 2017 a concerted campaign 90% Osmanabad District Sanitation Coverage After Mission 90 Days Seemingly impossible things become achievable in a mission mode, provided it is conceived, planned, coordinated and monitored well like the Mission 90 Days in Osmanabad, which accelerated the district’s sanitation coverage from 61% to 90% in just three months.

The Mission was conceptualized by the CEO, and the District Sanitation Team from Sangli, a successful ODF district in Western Maharashtra, raised 5000 toilet units through a systematic one-month drive in Osmanabad and demonstrated results of a focused approach.

Implemented during 2 July to 2 October 2017, Mission 90 Days pulled together able human resources from all departments in Osmanabad Zilla Parishad. Total 233 people were divided in 51 teams; each was assigned a specific constituency in every block with a fixed reporting format.

Working in consultation with local communities every team devised need-based plans and joined the locals in its implementation. All required activities, from motivation to construction to monitoring, were going on simultaneously and systematically across the district. Problems related either with procurement or skilled labour or any other matter were addressed there and then. Regular reporting, done in the weekly meetings at the district level, joined the local processes together to create the district’s picture, its progress and challenging areas.

While the field level activities were in full swing, district level promotional activities boosted the environment by making Swachh Bharat mission a common goal. No religious and cultural activity falling in the period was spared to turn into an opportunity to spread sanitation messages. Community initiatives were felicitated whole-heartedly. Local media was involved in spreading the inspiring stories of people that made the Mission possible.

Through effective convergence of human resource and their systematic deployment, Mission 90 Days was able to expedite toilet construction and usage successfully.

24 25 Women ambassadors in Pipalgoan

District sanitation teams in Chandrapur had a tough time getting across villagers in Korpana block in Chandrapur. Adivasi dominated Korpana is governed by PESA. With their distinct community culture and consensus decision making, any impetus for change would have to come from within. Thanks to women’s collective in Pipalgoan, who regarded sanitation as their priority? Pipalgoan was the first village to become ODF, among 51 GPs and 97 villages in Korpana block.

In April 2016 Mr. M. D. Singh, CEO, Chandrapur in his visit to Pipalgoan appealed to the women to spread the message in surrounding villages, to which women agreed. Total 70 women were ready to support the district teams. Appreciating their initiative, the CEO appointed them as Brand Ambassadors for the block and they were entrusted with the responsibility for convincing the communities. A systematic plan was “With their confidence and motivation drawn to engage women’s teams in various villages, women in Pipalgaon deserved to be at along with taking care of their stay arrangements and the helm of sanitation campaign. So I offering a token honorarium of Rs. 300 per day per decided to make them the brand woman. ambassadors for their Korpana taluka. Women ambassadors from Pipalgaon knew how to They made the change happen.” communicate with their own people, and their involvement helped to abate the initial resistance. In Mr. M.D. Singh IAS February 2017 Korpana block was declared ODF. Former CEO, Chandrapur

26 27 Resistance addressed through Rapid ODEP

Although the overall progress of Osmanabad was which informs people about the adverse health promising, it was concerned about the uneven coverage effects of OD - a perquisite to change the within the district. Owing to various reasons some areas mindset and shifting of social norm. were still hard to cover and needed special attention. Already racing against the time to achieve its goal, the Facilitating local involvement and mobilisation district wanted a strategy that will be short-spanned yet around sanitation, Rapid ODEP helped Block effective. A solution was found in the Rapid ODEP. Lohara and Washi of District Osmanabad to tackle the rigid areas. The same strategy was ODEP - Open Defecation Elimination Planning - is adopted by Block Sillod, Kannad of District otherwise a three-day process facilitating communities Aurangabad and Block Aundha N. of District to develop their own plans toward becoming an ODF Hingoli. village. Keeping the spirit and objective the same, Rapid ODEP was formulated with three key stimulating activities.

Firstly, identifying the pending families through reading the village list, secondly a trigger activity, that is a session at the OD site, and thirdly, preparing a community plan and forming a local committee for its follow-up.

Before the launch of Rapid ODEP, a taluka level workshop “In the high burden Sillod block, IHHL cum demonstration was organised with Sarpanch, Gram Sevak, and Liaison Officers of the villages that lagged coverage reached 82% after rapid behind. ODEP.”

Resistance mostly comes out of ignorance. In this sense, Mr. Prakash Dabhade, BDO Block triggering activity at the OD site is the crux of Rapid ODEP, Sillod, District Aurangabad

28 29 Blend of mini- missions in Nanded Breaking the bigger overwhelming targets down into smaller manageable tasks may well be a standard management lesson, but how do you do it? Nanded offers valuable lessons.

When the District SBM team, under the leadership of Mr. Ashok Shingare, CEO, brainstormed on ways to achieve their targets, Nanded team decided to classify GPs based as their status of implementation. A separate approach and plan was formulated for each section of GPs, along with assigning independent teams to pursue them.

Three missions specifically focused at GPs with small backlog of construction: ‘Mission 181’ addressed at 181 GPs where less than 50 toilet constructions were left, ‘Mission Fast Track 75’ for 155 GPs where around 75 constructions were pending, and ‘Mission Fast Track 100’ for 90 GPs where around 100 constructions were pending.

Two missions focussed on difficult spots: ‘Mission Dus Ashwmedh’ addressed at 130 GPs with the highest backlog, and ‘Mission Force Phoenix’ at 88 GPs that had least progress in the district.

With five mini-missions, in a span of eight months - from April to November 2017 - the district successfully cleared more than 50% of its backlog by constructing over 1 lakh 40 thousand toilets and getting out of its former status as a high burden district.

“Series of missions - each one systematically planned and executed - culminated into astonishing results, besides winning people’s trust.”

Mr. Ashok Shingare IAS CEO Nanded

30 31 Triggering action through Students’ Courts Osmanabad District

In the last lap of total sanitation many villages in Bhoom block, Osmanabad district faced hurdles because of recurrent defaulters. In their daily monitoring visits the ‘Good Morning Squad’s would invariably catch some persons unwilling to abandon old ways of going out in open. When the usual ways of 190 persuading them failed, the villages took recourse to Students’ villagers were punished by Courts. Students’ Courts for open defication. An idea conceived by Mr. Waghmare, the Extension Officer in Bhoom, a Students’ Court is a panel of judges with 8-9 school children in the village. The Court heard the cases of defaulters once a week, on a fixed day, time, and place. The punishment was offered in the form of service to clean a specific area, like school, temple, road etc. in the village or a monetary fine. The Court also 6 sought an assurance from rule-breakers to construct and/or use toilet in a stipulated time. Grampanchayats from the district became ODF after this activity Students who had a toilet at their home, and were using it, were considered eligible to be on the panel. Most of the times the persons presented before the Court were either family members “It was less offending to face or relatives or neighbours of the children in the panel, who children, yet their punishments accepted their punishment either out of guilt or shame. had an emotional impact and A constructive way to counter refusal, Students’ Courts expedited triggered required action." ODF compliance, especially in its last phase which is always a challenge to ensure sustainability. Neighbouring 02 blocks also A villager from Dandegaon GP, replicated the idea to achieve their goals. Bhoom block, Osmanabad

32 33 Selfie with pride for health

After attaining almost one-third coverage in a speedy manner, the sanitation campaign in Vasmat block, from Hingoli district in Aurangabad division, became slow.

In order to give it a momentum, and also to bring home the urgency of implementation, ZP CEO Mr. Hanmanlu Tummod, introduced the idea of building ’20,000 toilets in 200 hours’.

Ahead of the campaign launch, district and block teams made village visits to help households to decide location of their toilet and keep all supplies and labor ready for the day. The campaign appealing to 19,984 to construct a toilet and to post a selfie with it - aroused curiosity in villagers as intended.

Campaign was launched on 5 June 2017 with proper “After ‘Selfie for health’ sanitation back-end preparations: a team of 1000 district and campaign made headway in Vasmat block level functionaries was duly oriented about the block. I appreciated the spirit of block campaign goal, ground level pre-planning, and teams and hope other blocks too follow monitoring, while 7000 masons and labor and 50 their path.” material suppliers were informed and made available.

Mr. Hanmanlu Tummod IAS Prior to this campaign only 38 out of 119 GPs in Vasmat were declared ODF. Post the campaign sanitation CEO ZP Hingoli coverage increased by 20.67%; from 51.40% to 72.06%. The construction could not reach the 20000 mark, but new 8500 toilet units got ready in the campaign period. Seven GPs attained complete coverage.

34 35 All-Women ‘Good Morning’ squads tackle rigid villagers

Mornings started much early for the 21 women functionaries in Osmanabad Zilla Parishad since July 2017, as they left their homes by 4 am to do the task they had taken upon them. All of them were part of all-women ‘Good morning’ squads, a strategy devised by district SBM team, with women’s own initiative, to address the rigidity of a few Gram Panchayats to eliminate OD.

Dividing themselves in three teams the women headed for the identified villages to reach there by 5 am. before the villagers got out to relieve in open. They caught people relieving in open despite having access to toilets, and also imposed fines on over 500 villagers. While they streamlined the needed support to those willing to construct toilets.

Focusing on the hard to convert 23 Gram Panchayats in three blocks - Osmanabad, Washi and Tuljapur - “Early visits to various villages were the women squad members brought in a change of taxing, however Mostly villagers take our mindset in the people and contributed their bit in making Osmanabad free from OD. All of them interactions in a positive manner and worked in various departments and came together agree to alter their old habits.” just to boost the district’s progress. They resumed their official work after completing their morning Ms. Indu Mohan Kanmuse, Senior Asst. drives. SBM, ZP Osmanabad

36 37 Maharashtra girls have a reason to smile!

Making Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) an integral part, SBM lays deserving importance on this otherwise taboo topic that not just impacts health and wellbeing, but also education and overall development of girls and women in our country. While the Ministry’s guidelines are fairly clear on what needs to be done, Maharashtra offers a model to translate them effectively on ground.

After releasing State MHM Guidelines in May 2016, Government of Maharashtra in collaboration with UNICEF has rolled out MHM programme in seven districts in the state - Jalna, Osmanabad, Aurangabad, Thane, Sindhudurg, Sangli and Ratnagiri.

Led by head of the district administration and implemented by School Education Department in convergence with other line “Convinved with the importance departments, the state MHM programme goes beyond of MHM I instantly agreed for this providing facilities for washing and disposal in school. initiative when Dr. Tanulata Attention is paid to the minutest details, from planning, Dhanke approached me. IEC/BCC material, selection of resource group, training of Convergence of various trainers to monitoring. Going beyond information the program departments helped us to emphasises on equipping girls with correct knowledge, providing support to enable them to adopt appropriate overcome challenge of taking hygiene practices and attitude towards MHM. Aimed at MHM to every girl in the district.” reaching out to every girl - school going, irregular, out-of- school - around 12 years, this programme means to make their Mr. Uday Choudhari IAS natural biological transition smoother. Former CEO ZP Thane

38 39 Zeal and determination of a pregnant women

All Ms Sushila Khurkute wanted was a toilet of her own. Yet, the desire of this 30 year lady, from Nandgaon village in Jawhar Taluka from Palghar district, touched many hearts and fetched her many accolades - from becoming the face of Maharashtra’s Open Defecation Elimination Project to receiving the Swachh Shakti award from the Prime Minister on the occasion of International Women’s Day.

Sushila, mother of two, knew well the plight of pregnant women with no accessible toilet facility. Like her many women don’t eat enough to avoid inconvenience of going out in open to relieve them at odd hours. Deciding to get out of this hell, Sushila, in her third pregnancy, took a decisive step.

Identifying a spot in front of her home she started digging a toilet pit, when she was already into seventh month of her pregnancy. All on her own, as her husband, Hanumant, a daily wage earner was away to earn for family.

Sushila’s efforts didn’t go unnoticed and received deserving attention from the system. Appreciating her Palghar, the then CEO Ms Nidhi Chowdhary provided her a mason and all necessary tools for construction, along with declaring her face of ODF programme. Leading by example Sushila motivated her own villagers, before she travelled to Gandhinagar, Gujarat to receive the award.

“I salute the indomitable spirit, determination and dedication of Nari Shakti on the International Women's Day.”

Mr. Narendra Modi, Prime Minister, India (During his address on international women's day, 8th March 2017)

40 41 Welcome to Sanitation Park

Sanitation Park was a novel way of attracting people to see and to learn more about sanitation. Four blocks made it a part of their campaign - Jalna and Bhokardan, in Jalna district and Mul and Pombhurna in Chandrapur district.

Set up in the open spaces near block offices, Sanitation Parks were no less than any amusement park. Everything related with sanitation was on display: from hand wash stations, Aanganwadi toilets and urinals, various models of IHHL including types of walls and screens, soak pits, gobar gas plant to vermi-composting.

Government functionaries presented with each of the exhibits imparted technical “Water and sanitation parks, in Pombhurna and information in simple manner. This Park was Mul, were set up with inspiration from Mr. Sudhir conceived a one-stop solution to people’s Mungantiwar, Finance, Planning & Forests queries, ranging from material or location for Minister, GoM. Many villagers visited these parks, a toilet, to measurement specifications and which have contributed in technically functioning. appropriate and sustainable toilet Widely publicised through mass media and constructions.” informal networks, the Sanitary Park attracted curious crowds, including families. Mr. Deorao Bhongle, Visiting villagers satisfied their queries and President, returned motivated. Zilla Parishad Chandrapur

42 43 Daily WhatsApp bulletins

Campaign activated more work, and more work generated more field stories around sanitation initiatives. Sensing a communication opportunity, Mr. Kumar Khedkar, IEC Consultant, GoM, converted select stories into a daily bulletin and circulated them through WhatsApp groups. Mr. Milind Vyawhare, IEC consultant in Nanded, joined him in its execution and managed its production since its inception in 2015.

Circulated through over 1000 WhatsApp groups, formed at block and district levels, with range of stakeholders from SBM teams, officers, elected representatives to local leaders, the bulletin reaches to a wider audience. So far over 1140 bulletins have been posted attracting more than 9 lakh listeners.

A typical bulletin is two-minute long, and contains inspiring stories from across districts with bytes by concerning officers, teams, and stakeholders. With daily updates on interesting field happenings, this one of its kind of official bulletin has not only created a dedicated audience but has also linked various efforts together.

"Maharashtra is the pioneer state in India to transmit radio bulletin through social media. It has shown positive results in the state. Encouraged by this, states like Tamilnadu and Gujarat have also adopted radio bulletin transmission through social media. "

Mr.Kumar Khedkar, IEC Consultant, WSSO Maharashtra

44 45 Balancing supply with demand

Rising momentum of the SBM campaign resulted in increased demand for toilet construction. In response Chandrapur district developed a decision support tool to systematise its supply chains in order to meet the set targets.

The first step was to deconstruct annual targets into pragmatic goals to decipher sense of urgency. For instance, as per AIP 2015-16, the district planned construction of 45295 toilets in 184 GPs, which meant construction of 124 toilets per day, and subsequent provisions for needed human and financial resources. Then, reviewing demand and supply arrangements in every block separately, the district estimated quantum of material required for construction of IHHLs, and put together list of material suppliers and masons in the respective areas. Marking this information together on block- wise maps, a district map was created indicating strength of supply chain in existence vis-a-vis the demand. Alongside, issues with the existing supply chain management were understood and addressed through discussions with concerned stakeholders. This mapping tool helped district officials in brining needed efficiency in supply management in a short span.

46 47 Sanitation as an entry point for village development

Community approaches to sanitation are not only leading to ownership of ODF agenda, but also giving a fillip to an overall development of village. Stories of two villages best illustrate this remarkable phenomena of transformation.

After attaining ODF status on October 2, 2015, Loladgoan in Beed district, local motivator Mr. Rajwardhan Ghodke, focused on management of solid and liquid waste measures. The village has developed an underground drainage system, which will divert wastewater for irrigation. Various water conservation measures, like construction of bunds and trenches, are underway by accessing resources from public and private sources. So far, over 1 crore have been invested in creation of community assets.

Naigaon in Jalna district declared ODF on July 2016. Leading the community action Mr. Avinash Rathod, Village Sarpanch, has invested over 2 Crores in developmental works by accessing funds from various schemes. Series of initiatives to strengthen infrastructure - setting bio-gas plants and magic pits for solid and liquid waste management, LED lights for street lamps, solar power plant for street lighting, water filtration system for an assured clean drinking water, and renovating Aanganwadi Centre - are taken in this village, now also recognised as a ‘Smart Village’.

“Process of uplifting the sanitation status of village and achieving ODF status, builds the confidence of villagers in planning work in other areas, such as water conservation, education, women health, and drinking water.”

Mr. Namdev Nanaware IAS Former CEO, ZP Beed

48 49 Handling de-composed waste: Officer leads by example

Demonstration is an effective method to address a deep seated stigma. And when this comes from a top official, it is more than effective in impressing a desired practice.

On March 3, 2017, Mr. Rajesh Kumar IAS, Principal Secretary, WSSD, GoM, visited Khirdi, a GP in Khultabad block from Aurangabad district. With majority villagers having and using two-pit toilets, the village had already made headway in sanitation campaign. For some families, it was time to clean their closed pits, but the hesitation to handle the de-composed waste was evident.

Mr. Rajesh Kumar IAS decided to take the lead and actually extracted the well compost manure from one of the pits. Placing the black soil over his palm he showed it to villagers and asked them to smell it, just to weed out doubts and psychological barriers in their minds.

Widely covered by the media, this incidence imbibed an important message - it is perfectly safe and clean to handle decomposed faecal manure.

50 51 Neem Wash: Natural cleanser for two pit toilets

Along with using the toilets it is all-important to maintain them hygienic; free from dirt and odour. Naturally people turn to available disinfectants or detergents in the market. But these chemical products 43 are harmful for microbes useful for de-composting the waste in case of two pit toilets. Grampanchayat using Neem Wash Parbhani Zilla Parishad has found an alternative and safer cleanser for two-pit toilets. It is Neem Wash - a perfectly organic, low cost, locally made and branded product. supplied by Through R&D, the district Sanitation Team has standardised the solution and popularised it in 1,935 families from 43 GPs. It is made readily available through self-help-groups, who are trained in its production. A 51 one-litre concentrated solution costs Rs. 10 per bottle. SHGs The diluted solution is spread all over the toilet and rinsed with water after half an hour. It is simple to use, easy to get, cost-effective and harmless.

“I am thankful to ZP parbhani for inventing this low-cost neem wash, which is easily available at the village level and helps to keep toilet clean and hygienic.”

Ms. Shilabai Khating, Gram Panchayat Sayal Khating, block & district Parbhani

52 53 Pit digging drive

Concerned with the slow process in Latur block, CEO Mr. Manik Gursal IAS decided to infuse a competitive spirit and leap towards the finish line.

His appeal ‘to dig 8000 pits in 8 hours’ captured the imagination of the block level team. Dividing themselves into 20 teams they covered 67 GPs and organised meetings before the drive was launched.

These meetings were meant to identify households for toilet construction and to mark the areas for digging. GPs were also informed to keep required digging equipments and labour ready. With prior preparations in place, drive was launched on 26 July 2017. District teams visited village after village to encourage the villagers, who crossed the desired target. Total 8,230 pits were ready by the end of the day. “This campaign helped in attitudinal change and Taking inspiration, adjacent block gave the much needed boost to the sanitation Nilanga also announced a drive and movement across the district.” got made 11000 pits in three days from 3-5 August 2017. Mr. Balaji Shivaji Puri, Dy CEO (WATSAN), ZP Latur

54 55 Dehed - A village inspired by successful school sanitation

A few months ago- before the Upper Primary Zilla Parishad school in Dehed, a small village in Bhokardan block of Jalna district adopted DHAAL (Daily Hand-washing for an Alimentary Life) - a programme promoted by UNICEF - sanitation facilities were in a poor state. A single water storage tank, with just 3 taps for 320 students, was used for drinking as well as cleaning. It was used as a public water facility after school hours - as the school gate was missing and the village water tank adjacent to school was non-functional.

DHAAL activities created awareness and interest about school sanitation among teachers, SMC members, and children.

First a ‘tip-tap’ model of hand-washing, a makeshift device made from a plastic bottle, a pen and spring, was used to attract children towards cleaning and inculcate habit of washing hands before meal and after toilet use. “With support from Unicef, we were able to build a hand From its existing funds, supplemented with voluntary contributions wash station of 16 taps. This by teachers, the school raised a fabricated entrance gate and a has inculcated the habit of proper hand-washing station made out of kaddapa with 16 taps hand washing among among other. GP also provided a functional water facility to villagers students and the villagers, by repairing the 3000-litre water tank adjacent to school. and has helped in reduction Successful school sanitation, particularly children’s activities of disease incidences.” around health and hygiene, reinforced urgency of eliminating OD practice among villagers. Within two months the village changed Mr. Ramesh Ingle, itself and was declared ODF. HM, Dehed ZP School

56 57 Increasing demand through demonstrations

Along with creating awareness on health implications of OD, Nanded SBM team also decided to increase people’s know-how on technical aspects of a two-pit toilet by raising its demo models in villages.

This initiative was rolled out by Mr. Ashok Shingare, CEO, Nanded, by taking two key stakeholders into confidence - Providers of technical services and material for construction and village Sarpanch.

While meeting with service providers and material suppliers was aimed at ascertaining standard and reasonable rates of supplies and services, the meeting with Sarpanch was to encourage them to have a demo model in their village.

Post these meetings, SBM teams visited villages with service providers, who satisfied people’s queries regarding technical aspects as well as cost and space requirements for different materials and “This initiative, rolled out by model. Demo models were raised in villages willing to initiate Hon CEO, created dedicated construction. teams of technical service providers in each block, who In addition to upgrading people’s knowledge about a facility they educated people about were going to use, this initiative also ascertained appropriate design and quality of construction, which was equally crucial. various models.”

As anticipated, this initiative allowed people to make informed and Mr. Gangadhar L. Ramod, self-motivated decisions, which was reflected in increased demand Dy. CEO WATSAN, and sustained usage of the facility. Zilla Parishad, Nanded

58 59 Finding local solutions to local challenges for operation and maintenance of sludge

Sindhudurg, the first district in the coastal Maharashtra to completely eliminate OD, is also ahead in finding ways for toilet management challenges. Kunakeshwar Gram Panchayat in Devgad block, for instance, has turned a maintenance challenge into a business opportunity.

In this tiny village with 510 households, 189 are two-pit toilets, while 321 have septic tank. Owing to high water tables over 60% households preferred to have septic tank toilets, knowing well that they will need mechanical emptying from time to time. After about two years the villagers had to confront this problem on an urgent basis, and also to realise that finding a service is not as easy as they had thought. “With local septage management service we feel Local resident Mr. Dilip Mumbarkar came forward to set up his own more equipped in to sustain system to offer services for emptying tanks with a vacuum truck for his sanitation movement. After own village and also those around. Employing four local youth to his efficient septage aid he set up a reliable system for suctioning and treating septage. management, SLRM is the This service costs Rs. 3000-4000 per tank depending on its size. next step towards Extracted sludge is emptied into a large and closed pit in the local community sanitation.” farm. Every layer of sludge is covered with cowldung or goatshit. In about six months this waste gets decomposed into a rich manure that Mr. Pandurang Shetage, has demand from local mango growers. Gramsevak, Kunkeshwar GP

60 61 Low cost underground drainage in Washim

It is unnecessary to reinvent the wheel to get desired sanitation solutions. Some best practices that get buried in the passage of time just need a revival, as done by Mr. Ruchesh Jaivanshi IAS, CEO, Washim district.

After taking charge in 2014 he decided to focus on the problem of poor drainage systems in villages. Conventionally open channels are built at the roadside to drain wastewater and rainwater. Over the period the channels get damaged due to traffic of carts and other automobiles, and “Mr. Eknath Dawale IAS become breeding grounds for germs due to stagnated water and sludge. and his team of engineers Around a decade ago in 2001, concerned with the same problem, Mr. had deeply studied the Eknath Dawale IAS, the then CEO of Washim, had explored the idea of an problem and evolved a underground drainage system. Entrusting his engineers in ZP Office and solution for management taking a few villages into confidence, he had found a permanent solution of wastewater. Besides to this problem. other benefits, cost of buried drainage is three This underground system had a main PVC pipeline carrying the times less than the open wastewater laid below 60 cm from the surface. Every household was drain system. I was fully connected to this line and a chamber was made at a central place where convinced after I saw the pipelines from various lanes came together. The drain outlet opened system in Tarhala village away from the main village into a large percolation pond. in Mangrulpeer block.” When Mr. Jaivanshi visited some of these villages he found the system was working well. Villagers were happy because system worked well and Mr. Ruchesh Jaivanshi IAS required low maintenance. Roads were clean and wide. Convinced with Deputy Secretory, this solution Mr. Jaivanshi extended it to 60 Gram Panchayats in 6 blocks in Water Supply and the district. Sanitation Dpt, GoM

62 63