Video Processing and Its Applications: a Survey
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 4, July- August 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 Video Processing and its Applications: A survey Neetish Kumar1, Dr. Deepa Raj2 1Department of Computer Science, BBA University, Lucknow, India 2Department of Computer Science, BBA University, Lucknow, India Abstract of low quality video. The common cause of the degradation A video is considered as 3D/4D spatiotemporal intensity pattern, is a challenging problem because of the various reasons like i.e. a spatial intensity pattern that changes with time. In other low contrast, signal to noise ratio is usually very low etc. word, video is termed as image sequence, represented by a time The application of image processing and video processing sequence of still images. Digital video is an illustration of techniques is to the analyze the video sequences in traffic moving visual images in the form of encoded digital data. flow, traffic data collection and road traffic monitoring. Digital video standards are required for exchanging of digital Various methods are present including the inductive loop, video among different products, devices and applications. the sonar and microwave detectors has their own Pros and Fundamental consumer applications for digital video comprise Cons. Video sensors are relatively cost effective installation digital TV broadcasts, video playback from DVD, digital with little traffic interruption during maintenance. cinema, as well as videoconferencing and video streaming over Furthermore, they administer wide area monitoring the Internet. In this paper, various literatures related to the granting analysis of traffic flows and turning movements, video processing are exploited and analysis of the various speed measurement, multiple point vehicle counts, vehicle aspects like compression, enhancement of video are performed. classification and highway state assessment [5]. There are many issues and challenges still exist related to the video processing inclusive of security issues, and those are briefly discussed in this paper. A video signal is a sequence of 2D images, captured onto the image plane of a video camera from a dynamic 3D Keywords: Video processing, compression, recognition, scene. Basically in color scene, the color value obtained at security any point in a video frame records is the reflected light at a particular 3D point in the observed scene. It is well known that light abide of an electromagnetic having the 1. INTRODUCTION wavelength range between 380nm to 780nm in which the The first development of video technology is for human eye is sensitive. The grasped color of light lean on mechanical television systems that were soon replaced by its spectral content (i.e. its wavelength composition) e.g. cathode ray television systems (CRT). After the “Red” light has its energy concentrated near 700nm while advancement of new display devices, the technological “White” appears if the light has equal energy across the aspect of video processing gets broader. With the entire visible band. In general, “Spectral color” is nothing emergence of new media, mobile media and social media, but light having very narrow bandwidth. On the other hand, micro video as a new form of network video, the “Achromatic” light is synonymous to the white light [12]. transmission case came into being. Transmission of videos Illuminating sources radiate an electromagnetic wave in different network mode became very popular nowadays. including the sunlight, TV monitors, bulb & so on [2]. The For transmission purpose, it is desirable to occupy less sensed color of an illuminating light source lean on the bandwidth of the medium and less time for transmission. wavelength range in which the energy is emitted. Additive Video communication using video phone, video streaming, rule is followed by the Illuminating: i.e., the sensed color of and video broadcasting has become more and more several mixed illuminating light sources depends on the attractive with the fast pace of development in the wireless sum of the spectra of all the light sources. industry in present era. In order to transmit such rich multimedia content, it is desirable to occupy less 2. LITERATURE SURVEY bandwidth, the size of the original video signal must be reduced by some compression technique, without degrading V. Kastrinaki et al. suggested the applications of video video quality or data loss. To get rid of such hurdles, video sensors in traffic management and monitoring with the help compression techniques provide efficient solutions to of video processing and analysis methods. They represent video data in a more compact and robust manner recommended an overview of image processing and so that the storage and transmission issues of video can be analysis tools used in these applications and relate these realized in cost effective way. Digital video has become a tools with complete systems for specific traffic necessary part of everyday life. A part from compression it applications. It is based on the automatic lane finding is well known that video enhancement as an alive topic in methodology. There are basically three solutions for their video processing has received much concentration in recent three purposes, first, to classify image-processing methods time. The aim behind it, is to improve the visual appearance used in traffic applications. Second, to provide the pros and of the video, or to provide a better transform representation. cons of these algorithms. Third, from this unified Accomplishing video enhancement understands the cause consideration, struggling towards evaluation of Volume 6, Issue 4, July – August 2017 Page 98 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 4, July- August 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 shortcomings and general needs in this field of active 3. VIDEO COMPRESSION STRATEGIES research [5]. Alain Traimu et al. worked on color image and The straightforward form of video compression is to video processing. Multiple area of present scopes like color perform two dimensional images coding separately on each vision, perception, and interpretation, acquisition systems, frame of a video temporal sequences. The JPEG baseline consumer imaging applications, and medical imaging standard has widely adopted as a means of video applications, issues, controversies, and problems of color compression. In this application, the video compression image science have analyzed by them. The science of color technique has become to be known as motion JPEG [3-5]. imaging may be defined as the study of color images and the application of scientific methods to their measurement, generation, analysis, and representation. It includes all 3.1 MPEG-1 video coding standard The MPEG-1 video coding standard is universal in terms of types of image processing, including optical image functionality. The MPEG-1 video algorithm has been production, sensing, digitalization, electronic protection, refined with respect to the JPEG and H.261 activities. encoding, processing, and transmission over Crucial features equipped by MPEG-1 constitute frame communications channels. They presented an extensive based random access of video, fast forward/fast reverse overview of the up-to-date techniques for color image (FF/FR) searches through compressed bit streams, reverse analysis and processing [6]. playback of video and edit ability of the compressed bit stream. The basic MPEG-1 video compression technique is Yunbo Rao and Leiting Chen [1] described about the Video based on a Macroblock structure, motion compensation and enhancement. According to them video enhancement is the the conditional replenishment of Macroblocks. The MPEG- most important and difficult components in video research. 1 algorithm processes the frames of a video sequence by The motive behind the video enhancement is to improve block based methodology [7-8]. the visual appearance of the video, or to provide a better transform representation compared to earlier for future automated video processing, such as analysis, recognition, 3.2 MPEG-2 video coding standard MPEG goes on its typical attempt with a second phase detection, segmentation,, surveillance, automatic traffic (MPEG-2) in 1991, to provide a video coding solution for control systems, criminal justice systems. Brief survey of applications, which was originally lacking in the MPEG-1 the existing techniques of video enhancement, which can be standard. Specifically, MPEG-2 was given the charter to classified into two broad categories: (i) Self-enhancement implement video quality not lower than NTSC/PAL and up and (ii) Frame-based fusion enhancement have performed to CCIR 601 quality. Digital cable TV distribution, by them. Finally they are able to describe the advantages networked database services via ATM, digital VTR and disadvantages of algorithms of image/video applications and satellite and terrestrial digital broadcasting enhancement. They have described recent developments, distribution were seen to benefit from the increased quality methods of video enhancement and point out promising expected to result from the new MPEG-2 standardization directions on research for video enhancement for future phase. research. S. Ponlatha and R. S. Sabeenian compared the different video standard and concluded that there is a 3.3 MPEG-4 video coding standard constant improvement in video