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Corvallis Plant Materials Center 2011 Progress Report of Activities

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Corvallis Plant Materials Center 2011 Progress Report of Activities Corvallis Plant Materials Center 2012 Progress Report of Activities September 2012 3415 NE Granger Avenue ▪ Corvallis, OR 97330 ▪ Tel: 541-757-4812 ▪ FAX: 541-757-4733 Web site: http://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov Contents with and without a legume, big deervetch Page (Lotus crassifolius), to determine which rate Plant Technology Development 1 and composition performed better and/or Plant Genetic Studies and Releases 5 proved to be more cost-efficient while still Partnerships with Other Agencies 7 Special Projects and Activities 9 effectively stabilizing disturbed sites. A Technology Transfer 11 longer-term goal of this study is to Facilities and Equipment 12 determine whether the BLM and FS should About the Corvallis PMC 13 develop various legume seed availability for land rehabilitation. PLANT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT The roadbed was seeded in fall, 2009. Permanent 1-m2 plots were established and Overall, 40 new or ongoing studies and cover and density counts were taken in associated seed or plant increases were 2010 and reevaluated on August 4, 2011. conducted in 2011-12. In terms of general As would be expected, blue wildrye cover production, more than 35,900 container appeared to be higher in 2011 than 2010, plants, 300 camas bulbs, and 5,105 pounds though this difference was not statistically of common seed were grown. In addition, significant. Blue wildrye plant density was 550 cuttings and 305 pounds of seed of also greater at the 30 lb/acre rate but was PMC releases were produced this year. less in 2011 than 2010, while cover did not Cascade Seeding Trial vary with seeding rate. Thus, the 15 lb/acre rate of blue wildrye may be sufficient to provide adequate soil cover and provide a cost saving for restoration compared to a 30 lb/acre rate. Deervetch density and cover were greater at the higher 30 lb/acre seeding rate. The presence of deervetch did not significantly affect blue wildrye cover. Only cover estimates were reevaluated during August, 2012. Data for 2012 has not yet been analyzed; however, a majority of the roadbed had good cover of blue wildrye, Vegetation establishment on BLM Cascade roadbed seeding big deervetch, and/or other volunteer trial in 2012. Lane Co., OR. seedlings in all treatment plots. The NRCS Oregon Plant Materials Program Field Trial: Native Cover Crops for entered into an interagency agreement with Vineyards the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Forest Service (FS) on the west side of The Corvallis PMC staff seeded a new Oregon in 2008. The NRCS, BLM and FS native cover crop field trial at a vineyard in have an interest in developing native plant Cottage Grove, OR on Nov 1, 2011. The seeding recommendations and mixes for purpose of the field trial is to evaluate the various erosion control purposes. The establishment and longevity of a number of objective of this study was to look at native species for use as vineyard cover different broadcast seeding rates (15 or 30 crops. Northwest Maritime Germplasm lb/acre) of blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus) Roemer’s fescue (a new Corvallis PMC 1 release of Festuca roemeri) was seeded on forbs should be seeded first with over- 14 vineyard rows, alternating with “Shade seeding of the missing component during and Sun Mix” red creeping/Chewings fescue one or more following years, or whether (Festuca rubra var. rubra/Festuca rubra var. grasses and forbs should be seeded commutata) as a standard; fescues were together without further seed additions. seeded with a Truax pull-type broadcast Results will help define the best seeding seeder with covering chains. Two additional method to achieve the most cost-effective shorter rows were hand seeded with and diverse native plant community. lanceleaf selfheal (Prunella vulgaris var. In fall of 2007, nine one-acre plots were no- lanceolata) and springbank clover (Trifolium till seeded to one of three treatments: 1) wormskioldii), native wildflowers that may Grasses-First, 2) Grasses & Forbs, or 3) benefit vineyards or nearby cane berries by Forbs-First. Plots were mowed and the attracting native pollinators and beneficial missing components (either grasses or insects. Small plots (50 cm x 50 cm) were forbs) were no-till drilled into the plots during evaluated for plant density and cover on fall, 2010. In the Grasses-First plots, the July 31, 2012. seeding row was concurrently sprayed with Northwest Maritime Germplasm Roemer’s a 10-inch width of 2% glyphosate at seeding fescue appeared to have comparable (or time to kill some existing vegetation and better) establishment than the standard open up space for the forbs to establish. creeping red/Chewings fescue mix, The Grasses-First plots have become very especially in the shaded rows with more densely and heavily vegetated with grasses mature vine canopies. The lanceleaf up to 5-6 ft tall. Forb establishment is barely selfheal showed great first year perceptible in these plots. The Grasses & establishment, creating more than 50% Forbs plots have also become fairly cover and competing well with weeds. The dominated by grasses, but are less dense springbank clover plants were abundant, but than the Grasses-First plots, and many very small (less than 1 inch tall), so did not native forbs have established. The Forbs- create much cover the first year, but we’re First plots have far shorter stature and less hoping they will take off this winter and vegetation (biomass) than the other compete better with weeds by next year. treatments and grasses are now Plots will be evaluated for density and cover establishing in these plots. These plots still again in summer of 2013. contain a dominant non-native forb composition. Grassland birds, including a nest full of baby sparrows, have more commonly been found in these shorter stature plots than the remainder of the site. Because of this observation, numerous variable-sized plots were sprayed with a broad spectrum herbicide and seeded with forbs during fall, 2010, to attempt to provide more nesting habitat for grassland birds. Detailed vegetation plots were evaluated during July, 2012 and a technical summary Lanceleaf selfheal plot in vineyard cover crop field planting, or scientific publication will be published Cottage Grove, OR, July 2012. during 2013. Hutchinson Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) Seeding Trial Currently, there are no best management practices established for restoring diverse native Willamette Valley prairies. The objective of the Hutchinson WRP Seeding Trial is to determine whether grasses or 2 Common Scientific Technology name name Issues Tall Glyceria striata Seed yields, mannagrass moisture management Meadow barley Hordeum Seed retention, brachyantherum harvest techniques, diseases Prairie Koeleria Adaptive genetic junegrass macrantha variation, turf potential Foothill Nassella lepida Seed production Joe Williams (left) and Annie Young-Mathews evaluating needlegrass technology Hutchinson seeding trial. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Timing Seed Production, Germination and and Rate on Seed Production of Two Establishment Studies Native Grasses The major challenges facing the widespread The rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization increase and availability of native grasses can have a major impact on the seed yield and forbs are unknown seed production of native grasses. Maximizing seed yields is techniques and inherent low seed yields for important for commercial viability. To this many species. To address these end, two new experiments were initiated in bottlenecks, the PMC conducts studies and the fall of 2009, one with meadow barley evaluates seed production and (Hordeum brachyantherum) and the other establishment methods. Topics include with Roemer’s fescue (Festuca roemeri). fertilization, post harvest residue The experiments compared fall application management, harvest methods, seed (20 lb N/acre) alone and in combination with dormancy, processing, and germination, spring applications at different rates (50 vs. and control of annual grasses and broadleaf 75 lb N/acre) and different times (February, weeds. Fourteen species of native grasses March, and April). The meadow barley are currently being evaluated (see table). experiment was conducted once and the Roemers fescue was repeated in 2011. Native Grasses under Increase or Study Common Scientific Technology For the meadow barley experiment, name name Issues variation within and among treatments was Lemmon’s Achnatherum Harvest methods, needlegrass lemmonii stand establishment, too great to be conclusive. However, there seed dormancy was a trend toward higher seed yields with California Bromus Volunteer seedlings, February applications of 50-75 lb N/acre, so brome carinatus production, control Western panic Dichanthelium Production methods this is the recommended rate until further grass acuminatum tests can be conducted. Split N application var. in the fall and spring appeared to have fasciculatum similar results to spring-only applications. California Danthonia Establishment, seed oatgrass californica dormancy, High N rates (75 lb/ac) are not adaptation recommended in March if seed is going to Tufted Deschampsia Adaptation be harvested mechanically without hairgrass cespitosa (inundation, salinity) ecotypic variation swathing, as this can lead to higher rates of Blue wildrye Elymus glaucus Seed shattering lodging and inaccessible seedheads. Sand fescue Festuca Seed yield, rust, ammobia harvest techniques Our results suggest that optimum seed California Festuca Production methods yields of Roemer’s fescue can be obtained fescue californica and sensitivity to forms of residue by applying 50 to 75 lb N/ac in late February management to early March, either alone or as a split Roemer’s Festuca roemeri Seed fill, longevity, application with 25 lb N/ac in the fall (late fescue low yields, rust disease October to early November). However, total Red fescue Festuca rubra Seed yields application rates of 75 to 100 lb N/ac are likely to increase lodging and make direct combining and seed stripping more difficult. 3 Effects of Scarification and Cold-moist Stratification on Seed Germination of Big Deervetch Big deervetch (Lotus crassifolius) is a deep- rooted, perennial legume that can be used for erosion control and restoration in the Pacific Northwest, USA.
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