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The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing

The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing

THE FIELD DAY ANTHOLOGY OF IRISH WRITING

VOLUME v

IRISH WOMEN'S WRITING AND TRADITIONS

Edited by Angela Bourke, Siobhan Kilfeather, Maria Luddy, Margaret Mac Curtain, Gerardine Meaney, Mairin Ni Dhonnchadha, Mary O'Dowd, and Clair Wills

Cork University Press in association with Field Day Contents

PrefacelReamhrd to Volumes IV and V Lady Elizabeth Dowdall (fl. 1630-50) from: The History of the Irish Politics, 1500-2000 Confederation and the War in , 1641-9 (1882-91) 22 MARY O'DOWD, Editor Lettice Fitzgerald, Baroness of Offaly GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 (c. 1580-1658) from: County Kildare Archaeological THE POLITICAL WRITINGS AND PUBLIC Society Journal (1899-1902) 25 VOICES OF WOMEN, c. 1500-1850 Various from: Deposition evidence (1642, MARY O'DOWD, Editor 1643) 27 Introduction 6 from: Group Petition (c. 1642) 29 Richard Stanihurst (1547-1618) Rosa O'Doherty (c. 1588-1660) from: Chronicles of England, from: A Contemporary History of Scotlande, and Irelande (1577) 13 Irish Affairs in Ireland, from 1641 Royal Commission to 1652 (1879-80) 30 from: Presentments (1537) 14 Elizabeth Butler, Duchess of Ormond Eleanor Butler, Countess of Desmond (1615-84) (c. 1545-1638) from: Letter to Sir Edward from: Letter to the Commissioners in Nicholas (1651) 30 Munster (1568) 16 from: Letter to Oliver Cromwell from: Letter to the English Privy (1653) 31 Council (1580) 17 from: Letter to General Charles from: Letter to Sir Francis Walsingham Fleetwood (1653) 32 (1585) 18 from: Letter (c. 1660) 32 Micheal 6 Cleirigh (1575-1643) Elizabeth O'Hara (fl. 1691) and Others from: Letter to Kean O'Hara (1691) 34 from: Annala Rioghachta Eireann Society of Friends (The Annals of the Kingdom of from: Letter to Women's Meeting, Ireland, or the Annals of the Four (1689) 35 Masters) (c. 1636) 19 Anonymous Lughaidh 6 Cleirigh (fl. 1600) from: The Beginning, Progress and from: The Life of Aodh Ruadh End of the Westmeath Election in ODomhnaill (c. 1616) 20 Three Cantos (1723) 35 Grainne O'Malley (c. 1530-c. 1603) Katherine Conolly (c. 1662-1752) from: State Papers, Ireland (1596) 20 Letter to George Dodington (1735) 36 VI CONTENTS

Mary Delany (1700-88) Anna Doyle Wheeler (b. 1785) from: Letter to Anne Granville (1731) 37 from: Public Lecture (1829) 63 Anonymous BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 65 from: An Address from the Ladies of the Provinces of Munster and Leinster . . . (1754) 39 WOMEN AND POLITICS IN IRELAND, from: The P**** Vindicated, and the 1860-1918 Affairs of L D Set in a True MARIA LUDDY, Editor Light ... (1754) 42 Emily Fitzgerald, Duchess of Leinster Introduction 69 (1731-1814) Anonymous from: Letter to James Fitzgerald, from: Irishman (1865) 74 1 st Duke of Leinster (1755) 43 Thomas J. Haslam (1825-1917) Louisa Conolly (1743-1821) from: Women's Advocate (1874) 75 from: Letter to Emily Fitzgerald, Isabella M.S.Tod (1836-96), Emily G. Duchess of Leinster (1777) 45 Patterson and Catherine Ross Elizabeth Hastings, Countess of Moira from: To the Members of the (1731-1808) Committee for the Repeal of the from: Letter to George Townshend Contagious Diseases Acts . . . (1772) 45 (1878) 77 from: Letter to Lady Selina Forbes Anna Parnell (1852-1911) (1800) 47 from: The Land League: Tale of a John Montgomery (fl. 1780s) 47 Great Sham (c. 1906) 79 from: Letter to Elizabeth Hastings, (1866-1953) Countess of Moira (1783) 48 from: A Servant of the Queen (1938) 83 John Barter Bennett (fl. 1780) Mary E.L. Butler (1874-1920) from: A Contemporary Account from: Irishwomen and the Home of the Rightboy Movement (1787) 48 Language (c. 1900) 84 Mary O'Brien (fl. 1783-90) Edith Helen Vane-Tempest, from: The Political Monitor or the 7th Marchioness of Londonderry Regent's Friend (1790) 50 (1878-1959) Mary Birkett (1774-1817) from: Women's Indirect Influence, from: A Poem on the African Slave and Its Affect on Character; Her Trade, Addressed to Her Own Sex Position Improved by the Franchise (1792) 52 Morally and Materially (1909) 86 Mary Ann McCracken (1770-1866) Susanne R. Day (1890-1964) from: Letters to Henry Joy from: The Amazing Philanthropists McCracken (1797) 53 (1916) 88 Martha McTier (1742-1837) Hanna Sheehy Skeffington from: Letters to William Drennan (1877-1946) (1792, 1796, 1797, 1798) 56 from: Reminiscences of an Irish Lucy Fitzgerald (1771-1802) Suffragette (1975) 91 from: Address to Irishmen (1798) 59 (1868-1927) Ellen Mary Patrick Downing ('Mary') from: Women, Ideals and the (1828-69) Nation (1909) 99 from: United Irishman (1848) 60 Inghinidhe na hEireann Jane Francesca Elgee (1826-96) from: Bean na hEireann (1909) 101 from: Nation (1848) 61 Mary MacSwiney (1872-1942) Lucy O'Brien (1811-61) from: Irish Citizen (1914) 102 from: Letters to William Smith Cumann na mBan O'Brien (c. 1850-1) 62 from: Manifesto (1914) 103 CONTENTS Vll

Nora Connolly (1893-1981) Cumann na mBan 150 from: Atlantic Monthly (1916) 104 from: Statement on Pension An Anonymous VAD Restrictions (c. 1938-9) 151 from: Blackwood's Magazine (1916) 108 (1858-1941) Helena Molony (1883-1967) from: Seanad Eireann Parliamentary from: An Phoblacht (1936) 110 Debates Official Report (1927) 152 Patricia Lynch (1898-1972) Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland from: Workers' Dreadnought (1916) 112 from: Maynooth Statement (1925) 153 Margaret K. Connery (c. 1876-1956) Irish Ecclesiastical Record from: Irish Citizen (1918) 116 from: Editorial (1926) 154 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 117 Mary Immaculate Training College from: Annual (1927) 155 William T. Cosgrave (1880-1965) WOMEN AND POLITICS IN from: Letter to James Downey, INDEPENDENT IRELAND, 1921-68 Bishop of Adara and Co-Adjutor Bishop of Ossory (1925) 157 MARGARET O'CALLAGHAN, Editor SigneToksvig (1891-1983) Introduction 120 from: Eve's Doctor (1937) 158 Enid Mary Starkie (1899-1970) from: Signe Toksvig's Irish Diaries, from: A Lady's Child (1941) 135 1926-37 (1994) 160 Patricia Cockburn (1914-89) Sheila Pirn (1909-95) from: Figure of Eight (1985) 136 from: The Flowering Shamrock Siobhan Lankford (1894-1986) (1949) 161 from: The Hope and the Sadness: Irish Women Workers' Union Personal Recollections of Troubled from: Letter to Eamon de Valera Times in Ireland (1980) 137 (1937) 162 Sighle Humphreys O'Donoghue Irish Press (1899-1994) from: Editorial (1937) 164 from: Survivors: The Story of Joint Committee of Women's Societies Ireland's Struggle as Told Through and Social Workers Some of Her Outstanding Living from: Letter to the Executive Council People (1980) 138 (1937) 165 Dorothy Macardle (1899-1958) Irishwomen's Social and Progressive from: The Irish Republic: (1937) 139 League Prisoners' Defence Association from: Manifesto of IWSPL (1943) 166 Letter to the Catholic Hierarchy Hanna Sheehy Skeffington (1922) 141 (1877-1946) Maire Comerford (1893-1982) from: Electoral Address (1943) 167 from: Survivors: The Story of Hilda Tweedy (1911- ) Ireland's Struggle as Told Through from: Irish Housewife (1948) 168 Some of Her Outstanding Living Rosaleen Mills (1905-96) People (1980) " 142 from: Irish Housewife (1949) 169 C.S.Andrews (1901-88) 145 Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland from: Man of No Property: from: Letter from James Staunton to An Autobiography (1982) 146 John A. Costello (1950) 170 (1878-1972) Edna O'Brien (?1930- ) from: Revolutionary Woman: from: Girls in their Married Bliss Kathleen Clarke 1878-1972, (1964) 171 An Autobiography (1991) 148 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 174 Vlll CONTENTS

THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT IN THE Irish Women United , 1968-80 from: (1975) 213 (1932- ) JUNE LEVINE, Editor from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Introduction 177 Debates Official Report (1979) 215 Ad Hoc Committee Eileen Desmond (1932- ) from: Minutes of Meeting to Propose the from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Establishment of a Commission on Debates Official Report (1979) 216 the Status of Women (1968) 188 Rape Crisis Centre Commission on the Status of Women from: First Report (1979) 217 from: Report of the Commission on James Finucane (1957- ) the Status of Women (1972) 191 from: Girls on the Street: The (1944- ) Need for a 'Welcome' (c. 1981) 218 from: Irish Press (1970) 192 Lyn Madden (1946- ) (1940- ) from: Letters to June Levine (1982) 219 from: Irish Times (1970) 194 Mary McAleese (1951- ), Betty Purcell Mary Maher (1940- ) (1956-) and (1944-) from: Irish Times (1971) 196 from: Crane Bag (1980) 220 Irish Women's Liberation Movement BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 226 from: Irishwomen — Chains or Change? (1971) 197 Elgy Gillespie (1950- ) THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT AND from: Irish Times (1971) 198 WOMEN POLITICIANS IN THE Irishwomen's Liberation Movement REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, 1980-2000 Equal Rights for Irish Women! (1971) 199 June Levine (1931- ) FRANCES GARDINER and MARY O'DOWD, Editors from: Sisters: The Personal Story of an Irish Feminist (1982) 200 Introduction 229 Nuala Fennell (1935- ) Pat Brennan (1951- ) ' 238 from: Letter of Resignation from from: Status (1981) the Irishwomen's Liberation (1945- ) Movement (1971) 201 from: Journal of the Women's Irish Women's Liberation Movement Political Association (1988) 240 from: Statement on Nuala Fennell's Una Claffey (1947- ) Resignation (1971) 202 from: The Women Who Won: Women Mary Flynn (1946- ) of the 27th Dail (1993) 241 from: Memoir of Irish Women's (1938- ) Liberation Movement (c. 1980) 203 from: At the Cutting Edge: Cabinet Women's Liberation Movement Diaries, 1982-87 (1990) 241 from: Fownes Street Journal (1972) 205 Pat Brennan (1951- ) Maura Richards (1939- ) from: Women's Political Association from: Single Issue (1998) 207 Journal (1983) 242 Eileen Proctor (1916- ) Mary O'Rourke (1937- ) from: Letter to Irish Press (1966) 209 from: Address to the Global Forum Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland of Women (1992) 244 Statement of the Irish Episcopal (1945- ) Conference (1973) 210 from: Speech to the Colmcille Winter Mary Robinson (1944- ) School (1994) 245 from: Seanad Eireann Mary Coughlan (1965- ) Parliamentary Debates Official from: Speech to the Patrick MacGill Report (1974) 211 Summer School (1993) 247 CONTENTS IX

Nuala Fennell (1935- ) and Eileen from: Caoineadh Mhna na Lemass (1932r ) , hEireann (1983) 269 from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Mags O'Brien (1951- ) Debates Official Report (1983) 248 . from: Divorce? Facing the Issues Nuala Fennell (1935- ), of Marital Breakdown (1995) 272 (1936- ), Mary O'Rourke (1937- ) Alice Glenn (1927- ) and Nora Owen (1945- ) from: A Woman Voting for Divorce is from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Like a Turkey Voting for Christmas Debates Official Report (1986) 249 (1986) 274 Monica Barnes (1936- ) Mamo McDonald (1929- ) from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary from: Address to EEC Seminar on Debates Official Report (1986) 251 Women in Agriculture and Maire -Quinn (1950- ), Self-Employment (1984) 275 (1953-), Nora Owen Mary Cummins (1944-99) (1945- ) from: Irish Times (1995) 277 from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Monica Prendiville (1933- ) Debates Official Report (1993) 252 Irish Countrywomen's Association Second Commission on the Status of Press Release (1993) 281 Women from: Address to National Council of from: Report of the Second Irish Countrywomen's Association Commission on the Status of (1994) 282 Women (1993) 254 Olivia O'Leary (1949- ) (1948- ) and Eithne from: Sunday Tribune (1995) 283 Fitzgerald (1950- ) Mary Robinson (1944- ) from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary from: Allen Lane Foundation Debates Official Report (1993) 256 Lecture (1992) 285 Frances Fitzgerald (1950- ) Lorna Siggins (1958- ) from: Speech to the Patrick MacGill from: Mary Robinson: The Woman Summer School (1993) 257 Who Took Power in the Park Liz O'Donnell (1956- ) and Liz (1997) 287 McManus (1947- ) Kathy Sheridan (1952- ) from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary from: Irish Times (1997) 289 Debates Official Report (1993) 260 Maol Muire Tynan (1951- ) and Liz from: Sunday Business Post (2000) 292 McManus (1947- ) Eilis O'Hanlon from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary from: Sunday Independent Debates Official Report (1993) 261 (1997) 295 Marian MacGennis (1953- ) Nuala O'Faolain (1940- ) from: Seanad Eireann Parliamentary from: Irish Times (1997) 297 Debates Official Report (1993) 263 Miriam Lord (1962- ) Helen Keogh (1951- ) from: Magill (1997) 298 from: Dail Eireann Parliamentary Emily O'Reilly (1957- ) Debates Official Report (1996) 265 from: Magill (1999) 301 (1939- ) Brenda Power (1962- ) from: Debates of the European from: Sunday Tribune (1999) 304 Parliament (1994) 267 Mary Holland (1935- ) Ruth Riddick (1954- ). from: Irish Times (1999) 306 from: The Right to Choose: Ruane (1958- ) Questions of Feminist Morality from: Irish Times (1999) 308 (1990) 267 Breda O'Brien (1962- ) Nell McCafferty (1944- ) from: Irish Times (2000) 309 CONTENTS

Mary McAleese (1951- ) from: Decision of the High Court from: Reconciled Being: Love in the Attorney General (S.P.U.C.) in Chaos (1997) 311 v. Open Door Counselling Ltd and BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 315 Well Woman Centre Ltd (1986) 340 from: Decision of the Supreme THE LAW AND PRIVATE LIFE IN THE Court in the Attorney General REPUBLIC OF IRELAND (S.P.U.C.) v. Open Door Counselling Ltd and Dublin Well ALPHA CONNELLY, Editor Woman Centre Ltd (1988) 342 Introduction 320 from: Decision of the Supreme I General Court in S.P.U.C. v. Grogan and Mary Robinson (1944- ) Others (1989) 343 from: Women and the Law in from: Judgment of the European Ireland (1988) 328 Court of Human Rights in II The Family Open Door Counselling Ltd and Article 41 of the Constitution of Dublin Well Woman Centre Ltd v. Ireland, 1937 330 Ireland (1992) 343 from: Decision of the Supreme from: Decision of the Supreme Court in the State (Nicolaou) v. Court in the Attorney General v. An Bord Uchtala (1966) 330 X and Others (1992) 345 III Sexuality Thirteenth Amendment of the from: Offences Against the Person Constitution, inserted in Article Act 1861, as Amended by the 40.3.3°, 1992 346 Statute Law Revision Act 1892 331 Fourteenth Amendment of the from: Criminal Law Amendment Act Constitution, inserted in Article (1885) 331 40.3.3°, 1992 346 from: Decision of the High Court in from: Dissenting Judgment of Norris v. the Attorney General (1980) 331 Justice Denham of the Supreme from: Decision of the Supreme Court in the Attorney General Court in Norris v. the Attorney (S.P.U.C.) v. Open Door General (1983) 332 Counselling Ltd and the Dublin from: Judgment of the European WellWoman Centre Ltd (1993) 346 Court of Human Rights in VI The Unmarried Father Norris v. Ireland (1988) 334 from: Decision of the Supreme IV Contraception Court in the State (Nicolaou) v. from: An Act to Make Further and An Bord Uchtala (1966) 349 Better Provision for the Protection from: Decision of the Supreme Court of Young Girls . . . (1935) 335 in K v. W and Others (1989) 350 from: Decision of the Supreme from: Decision of the High Court in Court in McGee v. the Attorney K v. W and Another (No. 2) (1990) 351 General and the Revenue BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 351 Commissioners (1988) 335 from: Decision of the High Court in M.M. v. CM. (1993) 338 WOMEN, POLITICS AND THE STATE IN V Termination of Pregnancy , 1918-66 from: Offences Against the Person Act 1861 340 RUTH TAILLON and DIANE URQUHART, from: Article 40.3.3° of the Editors Constitution as Inserted by the Introduction 353 Eighth Amendment of 1983 340 Women's Unionist Council CONTENTS XI

from: uwuc Minute Book (1918) 355 From House Rights to Civil from: Ulsterwoman (1919) 356 Rights 1963-68 (1993) 379 from: Northern Ireland, Home and Lynda Edgerton (1945- ) Politics: A Journal for Women Public Protest, Domestic (1926) 357 Acquiescence: Women in Northern Lady Lilian Spender (1880-1966) Ireland (1986) 381 from: Diary (1921) 358 Joanna McMinn (1948- ) and Margaret Ladies' Auxiliary Ward (1950- ) from: Hibernian Journal (1931) 359 from: Belfast Women Against All the Belfast Central Women's Section of Odds (1985) 382 the Northern Ireland Cathy Harkin (1942-85) and Avila from: Resolution to the Labour Kilmurray (1952- ) Party Conference (1930) 360 from: Working with Women in Dehra Parker (1882-1963) (1985) 384 from: Women in Local Government Grace Fraser (1945- ) and Valerie Work (1927) 361 Morgan (1943- ) Elizabeth McComb (fl. 1920s) from: 'Miracle on the Shankill': Electoral Manifesto of Elizabeth The Peace March and Rally of McComb . . . (1923) 362 28 August 1976 (2000) 387 Julia McMordie (1860-1942) Marie Therese McGivern (1954- ) Electoral Manifesto of Julia from: Abortion in Northern Ireland McMordie . . . (1926) 363 (1980) 390 Dehra Parker (1882-1963) 363 London Women's Armagh Co-ordinating from: Northern Ireland House of Committee Commons Debates, Hansard (1927) 364 from: Interview with Derry Relatives Emma Duffin (1893-1979) Action Group (c. 1981) 392 from: Diary (1941) 365 Belfast Women's Collective, Women Betty Sinclair (1910-81) Against Imperialism and Derry from: Homes for Ulster: An Women's Aid Explanation of the Communist from: Spare Rib (1980) 394 Party's Policy for Northern Ireland Catherine Cleary (1970- ) (1944) 368 from: Women at War (1999) 398 Patricia Ford (b. 1921) Oonagh Marron (1956- ) from: Electoral Speech to North from: The Cost of Silencing Voices Down Constituents (1953) 370 Like Mine (1989) 400 Sheelagh Murnaghan (1924-93) 370 Pat Allen from: Northern Ireland House of from: Away with the Second-Hand Commons Debates, Hansard Analysis (1980) 402 (1966) 371 Edna Longley (1940- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 372 from: From Cathleen to Anorexia: The Breakdown of Ireland (1990) 403 Ailbhe Smyth (1946- ) WOMEN AND POLITICAL ACTIVISM IN from: Paying Our Disrespects to the NORTHERN IRELAND, 1960-93 Bloody States We're In: Women, Violence, Culture and the State MONICA MCWILLIAMS, Editor (1994) 405 Introduction 374 Joanna McMinn (1948- ) and Margaret Women in the Media Group Ward (1950 ) from: Picking Up the Pieces: A from: Belfast Women Against All the Women's Resource Pack (1983) 377 Odds (1985) 408 Catherine B. Shannon (1938- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 410 Xll CONTENTS

WOMEN AND POLITICS IN NORTHERN Joan Carson (1935- ), Mary Nelis IRELAND, 1993-2000 (1935- ), Eileen Bell (1943- ) and Jane Morrice (1954- ) MARY O'DOWD, Editor from: Official Report of the Introduction 412 Northern Ireland Assembly, Rosemary Sales (1947- ) Hansard (2000) 453 from: Women Divided: Gender, BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 458 Religion and Politics (1997) 415 Bernadette McAliskey (1947- ) from: Speech to Clar na mBan Conference (1994) 420 Bronagh Hinds (1951- ) Women in Irish Society, from: Women Working for Peace 1200-2000 in Northern Ireland (1999) 423 Kate Fearon (1970- ) MARIA LUDDY, Editor from: Women's Work: The Story GENERAL INTRODUCTION 461 of the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition (1999) 427 PROPERTY, WORK AND HOME: WOMEN Northern Ireland Women's Coalition AND THE ECONOMY, c. 1170-1850 Constitution (1996-2000) 431 Suzanne Breen (1967- ) MARY O'DOWD, Editor Mandarin Mayhem (1999) 432 Introduction 464 Carol Coulter (1949- ) Aife, Daughter of Diarmait Mac from: Feminism and Nationalism Murchada (fl. 12th century) 472 in Ireland (1998) 434 Derbforgaill, Daughter of Diarmait RickWilford (1947- ) and Yvonne Mac Murchada (fl. 12th century) 472 Galligan (1955- ) Basilia fitz Gilbert [de Clare] from: Gender and Party Politics (fl. 12th century) 473 in Northern Ireland (1999) 436 Anonymous Dawn Purvis (1966- ) from: The Constitutions of the Female Future (1999) 441 Council of Cashel (1172) 474 O Connor (1946- ) from: The Magna Carta Hiberniae from: Cast Out by Original Spin (1216) 474 (2000) 442 from: The Decision of the Judges MargeretWard (1950- ) on Gavelkind (1606) 474 from: The Northern Ireland Assembly from: Statute Rolls of the and Women: Assessing the Gender Parliament of Ireland: First to the Deficit (2000) 444 Twelfth Years of the Reign of King Liz Walsh (1958- ) Edward the Fourth (1471) 475 Women at War Driven by Politics from: Register of Wills and Inventories not Passion (1998) 446 of the Diocese of Dublin in the EilishRooney (1948- ) Time of Archbishops Tregury and from: Women in Politics: A Northern Walton 1457-1483 (1898) 476 Angle (2000) 448 from: Narrative of the Trial of Alice Inez McCormack (1946- ) Kyteler (1324) 477 from: Democracy, Citizenship and from: Records of Armagh Participation (1997) 449 Ecclesiastical Court (1520) 478 Brid Rodgers (1935- ) from: Chancery Pleadings (c. 1600-35) 479 Speech to the 25th Annual Conference Marriage Agreement (1560) 488 of the National Women's Council Fynes Moryson (1566-1630) of Ireland (1998) 452 from: An Itinerary Containing His CONTENTS Xlll

TenYeeresTravell Through the from: Letter to Emily Fitzgerald, Twelve Dominions ... (1617) 488 Duchess of Leinster (1794) 506 Luke Gernon (fl. 1620) Arthur Young (1741-1820) from: Illustrations of Irish History from: A Tour in Ireland, with and Topography, Mainly of the General Observations of the Present Seventeenth Century (1904) 489 State of that Kingdom (1780) 507 John Dunton (1659-1733) Edward Wakefield (1774-1854) from: Teague Land; Or, A Merry from: An Account of Ireland, Ramble to the Wild Irish (1698) 490 Statistical and Political (1812) 509 Susan Montgomery (d. 1614) Edward Synge (1691-1762) from: Letter to John and from: The Synge Letters: Bishop Margaret Willoughby (1606) 492 Edward Synge to His Daughter William Montgomery (1633-1707) Alicia, Roscommon to Dublin from: The Montgomery Manuscripts 1746-1752 (1996) 510 (1869) 493 Anonymous Alice Stonier (fl. c. 1600-50) from: Faulkner's Dublin Journal from: Staffordshire and the Great (1771) 511 Rebellion (1964) 494 from: Dublin Evening Post (1795) 511 Barnabe Rich (c. 1540-1617) from: Dublin Evening Post (1796) 511 from: A New Description of Irelande from: Faulkner's Dublin Journal (1610) 495 (1771) 512 Anonymous from: Dublin Evening Post (1791) 512 from: The Calendar of the Ancient Mary Leadbeater (1758-1826) Records of Dublin (1891) 496 from: Cottage Dialogues Among the James Carroll (fl. 1600) Irish Peasantry (1811) 512 from: Propositions Concerning the from: Letters to Elizabeth Keeping of the Streets of the City Shackleton (1818, 1820) 515 of Dublin . . . (1634) 497 Anna Maria Hall (1800-81) and Samuel Jane Pottinger (fl. 17th century) Carter Hall (1800-89) from: Letter to Captain Edward from: Ireland: Its Scenery, Character, Pottinger (1677) 498 etc. (1840) 516 Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick William Carleton (1794-1869) (1625-78) from: The Emigrants of Ahadarra from: Some Specialities in the Life (1848) 518 of M.Warwick (1848) 499 Amhlaoibh 6 Suileabhain (1780-1838) Richard Boyle (1566-1643) from: Cinnlae Amhlaoibh Ui from: The Lismore Papers (1886) 500 Shuileabhain (The Diary of Elizabeth Butler, Duchess of Ormond Humphrey O'Sullivan) (1928-31) 520 (1615-84) Anonymous from: Letters to Captain George from: First Report of His Majesty's Mathew (1668, 1669, 1670, Commissioners for Inquiring into 1672) 501 the Condition of the Poorer Classes Emily Fitzgerald, Duchess of Leinster in Ireland (1835-6) 522 (1731-1814) Catherine Alexander, Countess of from: Correspondence of Emily, Caledon (1786-1863) Duchess of Leinster (1949-57) 503 from: Friendly Advice to Irish Mothers Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Shannon on Training Their Children (1839) 524 (1728-1807) Asenath Nicholson (c. 1794-1855) from: Letter to Viscount Henry from: Annals of the Famine in Boyle (1791) 505 Ireland (1851) 525 Henry Fitzgerald (1761-1829) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 526 XIV CONTENTS

THE ECONOMY FROM 1850 Helen Chenevix (c. 1870-1963) from: Presidential Address to the MARY E. DALY, Editor 57th Annual Meeting of the Irish Introduction 530 Trade Union Congress (1951) 561 Mary Carbery (1865-c. 1945) Trade Union Women's Forum from: The Farm by Lough Gur from: Make Sure You Get Equal Pay: (1937) 531 A Guide to the Anti-Discrimination John Millington Synge (1871-1909) (Pay) Act (c. 1975) 562 from: In Wicklow, West Kerry and Irish Congress of Trade Unions Connemara (1905) 533 from: The Women's Charter (1988) 564 Frank O'Connor(1903-66) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 565 from: An Only Child (1961) 534 Margaret Irwin (d. 1940) from: Home Working in Ireland: Report of an Inquiry (1909) 536 WOMEN AND EMIGRATION FROM Betty Messenger (1929- ) IRELAND FROM THE from: Picking up the Linen Threads: SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Life in Ulster's Mills (1978) 539 Anonymous MARIA LUDDY, DYMPNA MCLOUGHLIN, from: Commission of Inquiry into Editors the Civil Service (1932-5) 542 Introduction 567 from: Report of the Commission on Rose Geoghegan (fl. 1607) the Status of Women (1972) 546 from: Letter to Philip III, King of BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 547 Spain (1607) 569 Morina Mahun (fl. 1629) from: Letter to the Infanta Isabella THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN IRELAND, (1629) 570 1800-2000 Marguerite Preston (fl. 1647) from: Letter to General Preston MARIA LUDDY, Editor (1647) 571 Introduction 548 Anonymous Anonymous from: Narratives of the Witchcraft from: Women's Union Journal (1890) 550 Cases 1648-1706 (1914) 571 Delia Larkin (1878-1949) Mary dimming (1790-1815) from: Irish Worker (1911) 550 from: Mary Cumming's Letters Louie Bennett (1870-1956) Home to from America from: Irish Citizen (1918, 1919) 551 1811-1815(1982) 573 Cissy Cahalan (1876-1948) Mary Anne Wynne (fl. 1840) from: Irish Citizen (1919, 1920) 554 Letters (1840) 576 Mary (1864-1928) Anonymous from: The Linen Industry in the from: Petition of Mary Keleher North (1924) 555 and Johanna Keleher (1848) 577 Helena Molony (1883-1967) A.C. Buchanan (fl. 1865) from: Reservation (A) to from: Minute Book, Limerick Poor Memorandum 1 of the Final Report Law Union (1865) 577 of the Commission on Trade Union Anonymous Reorganisation (1939) 558 from: Belfast News Letter (1883) 578 Saidie Patterson (1906-81) from: Report of Mr. Vere Foster's Irish from: Speech (1940) 558 Female Emigration Fund (1884) 579 Betty Sinclair (1910-81) Nora Prendiville (1868-1907) and from: Women and the War (1942) 559 Alice Nolan (1869-1910) CONTENTS XV

from: From Dublin to New Orleans: WIDOWS IN IRELAND, 1830-1970 The Journey of Nora and MARY CULLEN, Editor Alice (1994) 579 Anonymous Introduction 609 from: Irish Monthly (1914) 580 Royal Commission Reverend Jeremiah Newman (1926-95) from: First Report from His from: (1956) 581 Majesty's Commissioners for Commission on Emigration and Inquiring into the Condition of the Other Population Problems Poorer Classes ... (1835) 611 from: Report of the Commission on W. Neilson Hancock (1820-88) Emigration and Other Population from: Journal of the Dublin Problems 1948-1954 (1955) 583 Statistical Society (1855) 613 Margaret Collins (b. c. 1927) Anonymous from: Across the Water: Irishwomen's from: Census of Ireland (1871) 614 Lives in Britain (1988) 584 Eileen Proctor (1916- ) from: Models for Movers: Irish Women's from: Women, Wives, Widows (1971) 615 Emigration to America (1990) 586 Eileen Murphy (fl. 1987), Joyce O'Connor BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 588 (1947- ) and Helen Ruddle (fl. 1987) from: The World of Widowhood . . . (1988) 616 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 618 WOMEN OF THE HOUSE IN IRELAND, 1800-1950 EDUCATION IN IRELAND BEFORE 1800 CAITRIONA CLEAR, Editor MARGARET MACCURTAIN, Editor Introduction 589 Mary Leadbeater (1758-1826) Introduction 619 from: Letter to Elizabeth (1824) 596 Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh (c. 1600-71) Annie M.P. Smithson (1873-1948) Obit of Margaret O'Carroll (1661) 622 from: Myself- and Others (1944) 597 Lord Deputy Leonard Grey and the PeigSayers (1873-1958) Council of Ireland from: Peig (1954) 598 from: Petition to Thomas Cromwell Ellice Pilkington (1871-1936) (1539) 623 from: The United Irishwomen: Their Alice Thornton (1627-1707) Place, Work and Ideals (1911) 600 from: The Autobiography of Mrs Florence Mary McDowell (1888-1977) Alice Thornton of East Newton, from: Other Days Around Me (1966) 601 Co. York (1875) 624 Maire Ni Ghuithin (1909-c. 1988) Maire MacNeill (1904-87) from: Bean an Oileain (1986) 603 from: Maire Rua Lady of Leamaneh Commission on Vocational Organization 603 (1990) 625 from: Report of the Commission Anonymous on Vocational Organization from: Cabra Convent Annals (1943) 604 1647-1912 (1912) 626 Nan Joyce (1940- ) from: Methods of Erecting, from: Traveller: An Autobiography Supporting and Governing Charity (1985) 605 Schools ... (1721) 628 Mary Healy (1912-95) Edward Synge (1691-1762) from: For the Poor and for the from: The Synge Letters: Bishop Gentry: Mary Healy Remembers Edward Synge to His Daughter Her Life (1989) 606 Alicia, Roscommon to Dublin, BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 607 1746-1752 (1996) 629 xvi CONTENTS

Anne Donnellan (c. 1700-62) on Intermediate Education from: The Correspondence of (Ireland) (1899) 659 Samuel Richardson (1750, 1752) 633 Katharine Tynan (1861-1931) Elizabeth Vesey (c. 1715-91) from: Twenty-five Years: from: Bluestocking Letters (1926) 635 Reminiscences (1913) 661 Nano Nagle (1718-84) 637 Anonymous from: Letter to Eleanor Fitzsimons from: Irish Catholic Directory (1769) 638 (1880) 662 Teresa Mulally (1728-1803) Central Association of Irish from: Rules Observed in the School Schoolmistresses for Poor Girls which Began May from: Memorial to the Intermediate 1766, in St. Mary's Lane (n.d.) 638 Education (Ireland) Commission Dorothea Herbert (c. 1769-1829) (1899) 663 from: Retrospections of Dorothea Anonymous Herbert 1770-1806 (1929-30) 639 from: Statement of the Proceedings Mary Bewley (1753-1834) from 1892 to 1895 in Connection Letter to Ann Shannon (1786) 640 with the Movement for ... Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849) (1895) 664 from: Letters for Literary Ladies Alice Oldham (1850-1907) (1795; rev. ed. 1798) 641 from: New Ireland Review (1897) 665 Anonymous BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 666 Licence to a Papist Schoolmistress at Thurles, County Tipperary (1799) 644 from: Report of the Society for Promoting the Comforts of the EDUCATION IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY Poor (1800) 644 IRELAND BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 645 SUSAN PARKES, Editor Introduction 667 Molly Keane (1904-96) EDUCATION IN NINETEENTH- from: A Portrait of the Artist as CENTURY IRELAND aYoung Girl (1986) 669 Dervla Murphy (1931- ) ANNE V. O'CONNOR, Editor from: Wheels Within Wheels (1979) 670 Introduction 647 Alice Taylor (1938- ) Commissioners of National Education, from: To School Through the Fields Ireland (1988) 671 from: Second Book of Lessons for Polly (1944- ) the Use of Schools (1831) 655 from: All of Us There (1983) 672 from: Manual of Needlework for the Kate O'Brien (1897-1974) Use of National Schools (1873) 655 from: University Review (1955) 674 from: Second Book of Lessons for Edna O'Brien (?1930- ) the Use of Schools (1831) 656 from: The Country Girls (1960) 675 from: Special Reports on Convent Mary Colum (1884-1957) Schools in Connection with the from: Life and the Dream (1928) 676 Board of National Education Enid Mary Starkie (1898-1970) (1864) 656 from: A Lady's Child (1941) 677 Anonymous Tom Dunne (1942- ) from: Fraser's Magazine (1874) 658 from: The Collected Essays of Margaret Byers (1832-1912) Maureen Wall (1989) 678 from: Report of the Commissioners BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 679 CONTENTS XV11

PHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTIONS OF from: Letter Regarding St Bridget's EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY IRELAND Orphanage (1857) 699 Bird's Nest ROSEMARY RAUGHTER, Editor from: 36th Report (1895) 700 Introduction 681 Anonymous Anonymous from: Irish Monthly (1878) 700 from: A Letter to His Excellency from: Irish Monthly (1887) 702 Earl Camden, President, the BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 703 Right Hon. Lord Yelverton, the Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor . . . (1795) 684 HOSPITALS IN IRELAND Teresa Mulally (1728-1803) ELIZABETH MALCOLM, Editor from: An Address to the Charitable of St. Michan's Parish (1766) 685 Introduction 705 from: Letter to Archbishop Troy Member of the Order of Mercy (c. 1802) 685 from: Life of Catherine McAuley, Theodosia Blachford (1745-1817) Founder and First Superior of the from: Account of Mrs. Blachford Institute of Religious Sisters of Copied from a Manuscript in Her Mercy (1890) 711 Own Handwriting (c. 1825) 687 KM. Cummins (fl. 1957) Edward Tighe ('Melantius') (1740-?) from: Some Chapters in Cork from: Letters Addressed to Mrs. Medical History (1957) 712 Peter Latouche (1793) 687 Dr Steevens' Hospital Anonymous from: Minute Book (1717-1906) 713 from: A Brief Record of the Female from: 14th Annual Report of the Orphan House, North Circular Commissioners for Administering the Road, Dublin (1893) 688 Laws for the Relief of the Poor in Ireland House of Refuge (1861) 713 from: Annual Report (c. 1803) 689 M.E. Francis (1859-1930) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 690 from: North, South, and Over the Sea (1902) 714 OctaviaWilberforce (1888-1963) PHILANTHROPY IN from: The Autobiography of a NINETEENTH-CENTURY IRELAND Pioneer Woman Doctor (1989) 715 Dr Steevens' Hospital MARIA LUDDY, Editor from: Minute Book (1717-1906) 716 Introduction 691 from: Casebook (No. 6) of Dr. Browne of Alicia Walshe (Mother Catherine) Meath County Infirmary (1822) 716 (1773-1854) from: Ballygawley Dispensary Medical from: Mother Catherine's Diary Register, County Tyrone (1853-9) 717 (1812-25) 694 from: Census of Ireland (1852) 718 Belfast Charitable Society Matilda Jane Barter (fl. 1842) from: Minute Book (1828) 695 Letter to the Governors and Elizabeth Grant (1797-1885) Guardians of St. Patrick's from: The Highland Lady in Hospital, Dublin (1842) 719 Ireland: Elizabeth Grant of Westmoreland Lock Hospital Rothiemurchus (1991) 697 from: Patients' Register (1857-68) 720 Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849) C.S.Andrews (1901-88) from: Letter to Central Relief from: Dublin Made Me: An Committee (1847) 698 Autobiography (1980) 721 Margaret Aylward (1810-89) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 721 XV111 CONTENTS

WORKHOUSES MOUNTJOY FEMALE PRISON AND THE TREATMENT OF IRISH FEMALE DYMPNA MCLOUGHUN, Editor CONVICTS IN THE NINETEENTH Introduction 722 CENTURY Clogher Board of Guardians from: Minute Book (1849) 727 RENA LOHAN, Editor Limerick Poor Law Union Introduction 752 from: Minute Book (1852, 1854) 727 Annejellicoe (1823-80) Anonymous from: Transactions of the National from: 8th Annual Report of the Association for the Promotion of Commissioners for Administering Social Science (1862) 755 the Laws for the Relief of the Poor Delia Lidwill (fl. 1850-76) of Ireland (1855) 728 from: Letter to John Barlow, Director from: Irish Quarterly Review (1859) 729 of Convict Prisons (1872) 756 Delia Lidwill (fl. 1850-76) John Barlow (fl. 1865-71) from: 14th Annual Report of the Irish from: Letter to Convict Directors Poor Law Commissioners (1861) 730 (1865) 757 South Dublin Union Delia Lidwill (fl. 1850-76) from: Guardians' Minute Book (1860) 732 Letter to the Director of Convict Laura Stephens (fl. 1900) Prisons (1864) 757 from: New Ireland Review (1900) 732 Irwine Whitty (fl. 1863-4) Women's Committee of National from: Letter to Delia Lidwill (1864) 758 Union of Public Employees Anonymous from: Women's Voices: An Oral from: Penal Record of Mary History of Northern Irishwomen's Shannon, Regd. 1633 (1873) 758 Health (1992) 734 John Barlow (fl. 1865-71) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 735 from: Letter to Under-Secretary (1871) 759 Mountjoy Female Prison from: School Timetable (1858) 759 MAGDALEN ASYLUMS, 1765-1992 Irwine Whitty (fl. 1863-4) from: Letter to Delia Lidwill (1863) 760 MARIA LUDDY, Editor Sister Magdalena Kirwan (fl. 1884-5) Introduction 736 from: Royal Commission of Enquiry Anonymous on Penal Servitude (1884-5) 760 from: A Letter to the Public on an Charles F. Coffin (1823-1916) Important Subject (1767) 737 from: Notes on Prisons, from: Registers of the Magdalen Reformatories, Gaols, etc. Through Asylum, Leeson Street, Dublin Ireland and Great Britain (1871) 761 (1766-98) 738 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 763 Sisters of Charity from: Annals (1854-82) 740 Thomas N. Burke (1830-82) Women's Writing, 1700-1960 from: Lectures on Faith and Fatherland (1874) 744 GERARDINE MEANEY, Editor Anonymous GENERAL INTRODUCTION 765 from: Abstract Report and Statistical Sketch of the Magdalen Asylum, THE PROFESSION OF LETTERS, High Park, Drumcondra (1881) 745 1700-1810 Patricia Burke Brogan (1932- ) from: Eclipsed (1992) 747 SIOBHAN KILFEATHER, Editor BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 751 Introduction 772 CONTENTS XIX

Mary Davys (1674-1732) Elizabeth Griffith (1727-93) from: The Fugitive; Or, from: A Series of Genuine Letters The Country Ramble (1705) 777 Between Henry and Frances from: Familiar Letters, Betwixt (1757-66) 796 a Gentleman and a Lady (1725) 778 from: The History of Lady Barton, Sarah Butler (fl. before 1716) a Novel, in Letters (1771) 797 from: Irish Tales; Or, Instructive Frances Sheridan (1724-66) Histories for the Happy Conduct from: A Journey to Bath (1765-6) 799 of Life, etc. (1716) 782 Letters from Frances Sheridan to Mary Monck (c. 1677-1715) Samuel Whyte (1759-62) 802 from: Marinda: Poems and Margaret Bingham, Lady Lucan Translations upon Several (c. 1740-1814) Occasions (1716) from: Verses on the Present State of 'An Elegie On A Favourite Dog' 787 Ireland (1768) 806 'On A Romantick Lady' 788 Charlotte Forman (1715-87) 'To Marinda. A Puerperium' 788 from: Letter to JohnWilkes (1768) 808 Mary Barber (c. 1685-1755) from: Letter to Earl of Hillsborough from: Poems on Several Occasions (1768) 810 (1734) from: Letter to JohnWilkes (1769) 810 'To the Right Honourable John Charlotte Brooke (1740-93) Barber, Esq; Lord Mayor of from: Reliques of Irish Poetry (1789) 811 London, on Committing One . . . 788 from: 'War Ode' 811 'An Apology written for my Anne Fuller (d. 1790) 812 Son to his Master, who had from: The Son of Ethelwolf: An commanded him to write . . . 789 Historical Tale (1789) 813 'A Letter written for my Daughter, Regina Maria Roche (1764-1845) to a Lady who had presented her from: The Children of the Abbey with a Cap' 789 (1796) 814 'Conclusion of a Letter to the Rev. Elizabeth Ryves (1750-97) Mr. C—' 790 from: The Hermit of Snowden; Constantia Grierson (c. 1705-32) Or, Memoirs of Albert and Lavinia from: Poems on Several Occasions (1797) 817 by Mary Barber (1734) Henrietta Battier (1751-1813) 'Verses Occasioned by Mrs. Barber's from: Protected Fugitives, A Son Speaking Latin in School, to Collection of Miscellaneous Less Advantage than English' 791 Poems (1791) 818 'To the Hon. Mrs. Percival' 792 'Burlesque on a Letter Written by Laetitia Pilkington (c. 1707-50) a Lawyer, to a Very Young Girl at from: Poems by Eminent Ladies School, and Sent by a Very Ragged (1755) Old Woman' 819 'The Petition of the Birds to 'A Song, by Desire, in Honour Mr Pilkington, on His Return of Free-Masonry' 819 from Shooting' 792 'An Elegy on the Death of the 'Carte Blanche' 793 Author's Child' 820 'A Song' 793 from: The Lemon, a Poem, by Patt. 'A Song' 794 Pindar, in Answer to a Scandalous 'To the Hon. Colonel D—NC— Libel, Entitled The Orange . . . BE' 794 (1797) 820 Charlotte MacCarthy (fl. 1745-68) Ellen Taylor from: Justice and Reason, Faithful from: Poems by Ellen Taylor, Guides to Truth (1797) 794 the Irish Cottager (1792) XX CONTENTS

'On Seeing the Print of a Female from: The Irishwoman: A Comedy in Figure in a Weeping Attitude, Five Acts (1819) 866 Leaning on an Urn' 822 Marguerite Power, Countess of 'Written by the Barrow Side, Where Blessington (1789-1849) She Was Sent to Wash Linen' 822 Journal of a Week of a Lady of 'Written to a Fellow Servant, Who Fashion (1822) 870 Went to Dublin to Get a Place, or from: Grace Cassidy; Or, the to Visit Her Friends' 823 Repealers (1833) 873 Elizabeth Hamilton (1758-1816) Selina Bunbury (1802-82) from: Letters of a Hindoo Rajah (1796) 824 from: Cabin Conversations and Mary Alcock (c. 1742-98) Castle Scenes: An Irish Story from: Poetical Writer (1799) 825 (1827) 876 'A Receipt for Writing a Novel' 826 from: The Abbey of Innismoyle: A Anonymous Story of Another Century (1828) 880 from: Poems on Several Occasions. Anna Maria Fielding, Mrs Hall By a Lady, a Native of Newry (1800-81) (1807) from: Tales ofWomen's Trials (1835) 884 'Ode to Newry' 827 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 893 Mary Balfour (1780-1819) from: Hope: A Poetical Essay (1810) 'Nancy of the Branching Tresses' 828 IRELAND/HERLAND: WOMEN AND 'Go De Sin, Don De Sin, Nach LITERARY NATIONALISM, 1845-1916 mBainean Sin Dho' 829 ANTOINETTE QUINN, Editor 'Under a Drawing of Sappho Hanging Her Lyre upon a Willow, Introduction 895 and Preparing to Leap . . .' 829 Lady Wilde Qane Francesca Elgee) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 829 (1821-96) 900 from: Poems (1871) 'To Ireland' 901 WOMEN'S NARRATIVES, 1800-40 Mary Kelly ('Eva') (1826-1910) 901 from: Poems by 'Eva' of RIANA O'DWYER, Editor 'The Nation' (1909) Introduction 833 'The Patriot Mother' 902 Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan Ellen Mary Patrick Downing (?1776-1859) ('Mary') (1828-69) from: The Wild Irish Girl: A National from: Nation (1846) Tale (1806) 849 'Our Vow' 902 Mary Leadbeater (1758-1826) from: United Irishman (1848) 903 from: Cottage Dialogues Among the Ellen O'Leary (1831-89) Irish Peasantry (1811) 858 from: Lays of Country, Home and Dialogue X Servitude 858 Friends (1891) Dialogue XIV Housekeeping 859 'To God and Ireland True' 904 Dialogue XXIII The Garden 860 Emily Lawless (1845-1913) Dialogue XXIV The House 861 from: With the Wild Geese (1902) Dialogue XXX False Report, and 'After Aughrim' 904 Slander 862 'Dirge of Munster Forest, 1581' 905 Dialogue XXXI Wise Recollections 863 Fanny Parnell (1848-82) Dialogue XLIX Charring 864 from: A Treasury of Irish Poetry (1900) Dialogue LIV Death 865 'Post-mortem' 905 Olivia Owenson, Lady Clarke (1852-1932) (c. 1785-1845) 865 from: The Gaol Gate (1906) 906 CONTENTS XXI

Rose Kavanagh (1860-91) Rosa Mulholland (1841-1921) 959 from: Rose Kavanagh and Her from: The Hungry Death (1891) 960 Verses (1909)- Charlotte Riddell (1832-1906) 'St. Michan's Churchyard' 910 Out in the Cold (1899) 966 Katharine Tynan (1861-1931) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 973 from: Collected Poems (1930) 'The Dark Rose' 910 Ethna Carbery (1866-1902) IDENTITY AND OPPOSITION: WOMEN'S from: The Four Winds of Eirinn (1902) WRITING, 1890-1960 911 'The Passing of the Gael' GERARDINE MEANEY, Editor. Alice Milligan (1866-1953) from: Poems (1954) Introduction 976 'The Dark Palace' 912 Emily Lawless (1845-1913) '• 980 Maud Gonne MacBride (1866-1953) from: Grania: The Story of an from: Dawn (1904) 913 Island (1892) 981 Eva Gore-Booth (1870-1926) 918 Moira O'Neill (1863-1955) from: Poems (1929) from: More Songs of the Glens of 'Lament of the Daughters of Antrim (1921) Ireland' 919 'Never Married' 985 'To Maeve' 919 'Her Sister' 986 Winifred M. Letts (1881-1972) Katherine Cecil Thurston (1875-1911) from: More Songs from Leinster from: Max (1910) 986 (1926) Dorothy Macardle (1899-1958) 'Deirdre in the Street' 920 from: Earthbound (1924) 997 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 920 (1894-1963) The King of Spain's Daughter (1947) 1001 WOMEN'S FICTION, 1845-1900 Rosamond Jacob (1888-1960) from: The Troubled House (1938) 1007 MARGARET KELLEHER, Editor Mairin Cregan (1891-1975) Introduction 924 from: Curlew's Call (1940) 1011 Frances Browne (1816-79) Olivia Manning (1908-80) from: Granny's Wonderful Chair from: A Visit (1939) 1019 (1856) from: The Danger Tree (1977) 1022 The Story of Fairyfort 930 Elizabeth Shane (1877-1951) Margaret Brew (fl. 1880-91) from: Collected Poems (1945) from: The Chronicles of Castle 'Fiddlin' Kate' . 1024 Cloyne; Or, Pictures of the Katherine Arnold Price (1893-1989) Munster People (1884) 935 from: Scrapbook for Fannie Gallaher (fl. 1880-8) (1950) from: Katty the Flash: A Mould of 'The Land' 1024 Dublin Mud (1880) 939 'The Special Constables' 1025 Mary Anne Hoare (c. 1818-72) from: The Dublin Magazine (1952) from: Shamrock Leaves; Or, Tales 'ForTammuz' 1025 and Sketches of Ireland (1851) 944 from: The Dubliner (1963) Annie Keary (1825-79) 'Curithir and Liadain-II' 1026 from: Castle Daly: The Story of an Blanaid Salkeld (1880-1959) Irish Home Thirty Years Ago (1875) 951 from: An Experiment in Error May Laffan (c. 1850-1916) (1955) from: Flitters, Tatters, and the 'Arachne' 1029 Counsellor (1879) 956 'Miranda' 1029 XXU CONTENTS

'Art' 1029 Factors which Influenced Early 'Owl' 1029 Women-Writers of Fiction (1944) 1087 'Images' -1030 Elizabeth Bowen (1899-1973) Patricia Lynch (1898-1972) Why Do I Write? (1948) 1095 from: The Bookshop on the Quay Disloyalties (1950) 1097 (1956) 1032 Janet McNeill (1907- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1043 Seed, Root and Stem (1957) 1099 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1101

INSCRIBING VOICES: TWENTIETH- CENTURY INTERPRETING THE PAST: WOMEN'S MEMOIRS HISTORY AND WOMEN HISTORIANS, BRIONA NIC DHIARMADA, Editor 1840-1945

Introduction 1046 MARY O'DOWD, Editor Una Ni Fhaircheallaigh (1874-1951) Introduction 1102 from: Smuainte ar Arainn Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan (Reflections on Aran) (1902) 1047 (c. 1776-1859) Neili Ui Bheaglaoich (1908-91) from: Woman and Her Master from: Carraig a' Duin (1989) 1049 (1840) 1105 Peig Sayers (1873-1958) Elizabeth Owens Blackburne from: Machnamh Seanmhna (An Old (c. 1845-94) Woman's Reflections) (1939, from: Illustrious Irishwomen, Being 1980) 1054 Memoirs of Some of the Most Eibhlis Ni Shuilleabhain (1911-71) Noted Irishwomen . . . (1877) 1107 from: Letters from the Great Sarah Atkinson (1823-93) Blasket (1978) 1059 from: Essays (1895) 1108 Una Ni Mhaoileoin (d. 1994) from: Mary Aikenhead: Her Life, from: Le Gra 6 Una (With Love from Work and Friends, Giving a History Una) (1958) 1061 of the Foundation of the ... Roise Rua, Bean Ui Ghrianna (1879-19?) (1879) 1110 from: Roise Rua (1988) 1064 Alice Stopford Green (1847-1929) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1067 from: The Making of Ireland and Its Undoing, 1200-1600 (1908) 1112 Eleanor Hull (1860-1935) AESTHETICS AND POLITICS, 1890-1960 from: A History of Ireland and Her People to the Close of the Tudor GERARDINE MEANEY, Editor Period (1926) 1113 Introduction 1069 Helena Concannon (1878-1952) Emily Lawless (1845-1913) from: Daughters of (1922) 1113 from: A Note on the Ethics of Nancy Power (1889-1963) Literary Forgery (1897) 1073 from: Classes ofWomen Described in Lady Gregory (1852-1932) the Senchas Mar (1936) 1115 from: Ireland, Real and Ideal (1898) 1077 Mary Donovan O'Sullivan from: The Felons of Our Land (1900) 1079 (1887-1966) Kate O'Brien (1897-1974) from: The Use of Leisure in Old from: Farewell Spain (1937) 1080 Galway(1939) 1116 Mainie H. Jellett (1897-1944) Constantia Maxwell (1886-1962) An Approach to Painting (1942) 1085 from: Country and Town Under B.G. MacCarthy (1904-93) the Georges (1940) 1117 CONTENTS XX111

Mary Hayden (1862-1942) (1962- ) from: Charity Children in from: The Portable Virgin (1991) 1200 Eighteenth-Century Dublin Angela Bourke (1952- ) (1942-3) 1118 Inion Ri an Oileain Dhorcha (1991) 1203 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1120 (The Daughter of the King of Dark Island) 1209 Mary Morrissy (1957- ) from: Mother of Pearl (1996) 1214 Contemporary Writing, 1960-2001 Maeve Brennan (1917-93) from: The Springs of Affection (1997) 1219 CLAIR WILLS, Editor (1959- ) GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1123 from: One Day as a Tiger (1997) 1222 Evelyn Conlon (1952- ) CONTEMPORARY FICTION from: Telling: New and Selected Stories (2000) 1227 RUTH CARR, Editor BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1229 Introduction 1130 Maire Mhac an tSaoi (1922- ) An Bhean 6g (1948) 1139 CONTEMPORARY WOMEN (The Young Woman) 1140 PLAYWRIGHTS Brophy (1929-95) ANNA MCMULLAN AND from: In Transit (1969) 1141 CAROLINE WILLIAMS, Editors Juanita Casey (1925- ) from: The Horse of Selene (1971) 1143 Introduction 1234 Irish Murdoch (1919-99) Maura Laverty (1907-66) from: The Sea, the Sea (1978) 1144 from:Tolka Row (1950) 1247 Mary Beckett (1926- ) Mairead Ni Ghrada (1896-1971) from: A Belfast Woman (1980) 1148 from: An TriaiVOn Trial (1964/1965) 1249 Molly Keane (1904-96) Margaretta D'Arcy (1934- ) and from: Good Behaviour (1981) 1150 John Arden (1930- ) Maeve Binchy (1940- ) from: The Little Gray Home in the from: Dublin 4 (1982) 1152 West (1972) 1253 Maeve Kelly (1930- ) Geraldine Aron (c. 1948- ) from: Necessary Treasons (1985) 1155 from: A Galway Girl (1979) 1256 Frances (1947-91) Christina Reid (1942- ) from: No Mate for the Magpie from: Tea in a China Cup (1983) 1258 (1985) 1160 Mary Elizabeth Burke-Kennedy (1945- ) Anne Devlin (1951- ) from: Women in Arms (1984) 1260 from: The Way-Paver (1986) 1164 Anne Devlin (1951- ) (1960- ) from: Ourselves Alone (1985) 1263 from: The Birds of die Innocent Charabanc Theatre Company (1983-95) Wood (1988) 1173 from: Somewhere Over the Balcony MoyMcCrory (1953- ) (1987) 1266 from: Bleeding Sinners (1988) 1177 Clare Dowling (1968- ) Linda Anderson (1949- ) from: Burns Both Ends (1992) 1267 from: Wildish Things (1989) 1186 Marina Carr (1964- ) Clare Boylan (1948- ) from: The Mai (1994) 1269 from: Concerning Virgins (1989) 1189 Eilis Ni Dhuibhne (1954- ) Eilis Ni Dhuibhne (1954- ) from: Dun na mBan Tri Thine from: Eating Women is Not (The Women's Fort is on Fire) Recommended (1991) 1193 (1994) 1272 XXIV CONTENTS

Marie Jones (1952- ) from: Spring in Henry Street (1996) from: Women on the Verge of HRT 'Penelope' 1304 (1995) 1274 'The Day You Come' 1305 Gina Moxley (1957- ) 'Goat' 1305 from: Danti-Dan (1995) 1276 Deirdre Brennan (1934- ) Emma Donoghue (1969- ) from: I Reilig na mBan Rialta (In the from: Ladies and Gentlemen Nun's Graveyard) (1984) (1996) - 1279 'Geanmnaiochta Naofa' (Holy Paula Meehan (1955- ) Purity) 1308 from: Mrs Sweeney (1997) 1280 from: Scothanna Geala (Bright Maeve Ingoldsby (1947- ) Blossoms) (1989) from: Kevin's Story (2000) 1283 'An Dara Seans' (The Second Elizabeth Kuti (1969- ) Chance) 1308 from: Treehouses (2000) 1284 from: Thar Cholbha na Mara (Beyond BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1286 the Rim of the Sea) (1993) 'Maighdeanacha Mara' (Mermaids) 1309 Catherine Byron (1947- ) CONTEMPORARY POETRY from: Settlements (1985) 'The Black and Tans Deliver Her NUALA Ni DHOMHNAILL, Editor Cousin's Son' 1310 Introduction 1290 from: The Fat-Hen Field Hospital Nuala Archer (1955- ) (1993) from: Whale on the Line (1981) 1297 'Shears' 1310 'Hunting the Sloth' 1298 'This Was HalaV 1311 'Whale on the Line' 1298 Louise C. Callaghan (1948- ) Leland Bardwell (1928- ) from: The Puzzle-Heart (1999) from: Dostoevsky's Grave (1991) 'The Palatine Daughter Marries a 'Husbands' 1299 Catholic' 1311 'On Mistaking a Jesuit Lecture for a 'Elegy' 1312 Poetry Reading' 1299 Siobhan Campbell (1962- ) Sara Berkeley (1967- ) from: The Permanent Wave (1996) from: Facts about Water (1994) 'Gran Sees Death in a Dream' 1312 'Facts about Water' 1300 'My Father Teaches Me to Make 'Blue Tuesday' 1300 Scrambled Eggs' 1313 Eavan Boland (1944- ) 'Testing the Green' 1313 from: The Journey and Other 'Councillor' 1313 Poems (1987) 'The Cave' 1313 'Mise Eire' 1301 from: The Cold that Burns (2000) from: Outside History (1990) 'Reading Philip Larkin makes me sad' 1314 'The Black Lace Fan My Mother 'Ballroom' 1314 Gave Me' 1302 'The fabulist' 1315 'The Achill Woman' 1302 'Milk' 1315 'Distances' 1303 'I'll tell you my poem about killing from: In a Time of Violence (1994) a pig' 1315 'That the Science of Cartography is Rosemary Canavan (1949- ) Limited' 1303 from: The Island (1994) Rosita Boland (1965- ) 'Serpula Lachrymans' 1316 from: Muscle Creek (1991) 'Visitation' 1316 'Naming My Daughter' 1304 'Towards Minane' 1317 'The Woman and the Knife-Thrower' 1304 'His Sexuality, Almost Forgotten' 1317 Eva Bourke (1946- ) 'Sea Widow' 1317 CONTENTS XXV

Moya Cannon (1956- ) Patronage 1330 from: Oar (1990) 'The Family Photograph' 1331 'Oar' 1318 Kerry Hardie (1951- ) "'Taom'" 1318 from: A Furious Place (1996) 'Hills' 1318 'The Young Woman Stands on the 'Nest' 1319 Edge of Her Life' 1331 Roz Cowman (1942- ) 'May' 1332 from: The Goose Herd (1989) 'The Husband's Tale' 1332 'Mrs Rochester' 1319 'Ship of Death' 1332 'Taking the Veil' 1319 'Interlude' 1332 'Logic' 1320 Anne Le Marquand Hartigan (1937- ) 'The Twelve Dancing Princesses' 1320 from: Immortal Sins (1993) Moyra Donaldson (1956- ) 'In that Garden' 1333 from: Snakeskin Stilettos (1998) 'Gentian Oven' 1333 'What She Might Pray' 1320 'Taboo' 1333 'A Modest Ghost' 1320 Anne Haverty (1959- ) 'Snakeskin Stilettos' 1321 from: The Beauty of the Moon (1999) 'Kali' 1321 'Lines from Malaya' 1334 'Poem Found in a Castle' 1321 'Ladies Waiting Room,Thurles Station' 1334 'Songs for Bones' 1321 'An Alternative Life' 1335 'Infidelities' 1322 'The Big House' 1335 Katie Donovan (1962- ) 'She Dreamed of a Washing Machine' 1335 from: Watermelon Man (1993) 'The Beauty of the Moon' 1336 'Moon' 1322 Rita Ann Higgins (1955- ) 'Woman's Solstice' 1323 from: &Witch (1988) Mary Dorcey (1950- ) 'Almost Communication' 1336 from: Moving into the Space from: Witch in the Bushes (1988) Cleared by Our Mothers (1991) 'It Wasn't the Father's Fault' 1337 'Words without Echo' 1324 'Some People' 1337 'Because She Carried Flowers' 1324 from: Philomena's Revenge (1992) Katherine Duffy (1962- ) 'His Mother Won't Die' 1338 from: The Erratic Behaviour of 'Misogynist' 1338 Tides (1998) Tess Hurson (1955- ) 'Weatherwitch' 1324 from: Vivarium (1997) 'The Great Stretch' 1325 'Mere Mere' . 1338 'The Snow Queen in Spain' 1325 'Independence Day' 1339 'Questioning Seal-Woman' 1325 'The Abominable Snowman' 1339 Martina Evans (1961- ) Biddy Jenkinson from: All Alcoholics are Charmers from: Baisteadh Gintli (1986) (1998) 'Triad' 1339 'Limbo' 1326 'Mani' 1340 'One Evening in July' 1327 'Non Serviam' 1340 'Christmas Days' 1327 'Eiceolai' 1340 'The Smell' 1328 'Leanbh Lae' 1340 Catherine Graham (1964- ) from: Uisci Beatha (1988) from: The Watch (1998) '"Codail a Laoich"' 1341 'The Sweater' 1328 'Pianta Cumainn' 1341 'I Thank You Burt Bacharach' 1329 from: Dan na hUidhre (1991) Vona Groarke (1964- ) 'Dan na hUidhre' 1341 from: Shale (1994) 'Comhairle an Scribhneora Don 'The Idea of the Atlantic' 1329 Dan' 1342 XXVi CONTENTS

Rita Kelly (1953- ) '"Would You Jump into My Grave as from: An Bealach Eadoigh (The Quick?"' 1357 Improbable Road) (1984) from: Dharmakaya (2000) 'Ar M'eiri dom ar Maidin . . .' 'Mother' 1357 (On Rising in the Morning . . .) 1342 Maire Mhac an tSaoi (1922- ) from: Fare Well/Beir Beannacht from: An Cion Go Dti Seo (What (1990) There Is until Now) (1987) "The Patriarch' 1343 'AthDheirdre' (No Second Deirdre) 1358 'Briseann an Ghrian Tri Rosamh na 'An Chead Bhrog'(The First Shoe) 1358 Maidine' (The Sun Breaks Through 'A Fhir Dar Fhulaingeas . . .' (Man the Haze of the Morning) 1344 for Whom I Endured . . .) 1359 Catherine Phil MacCarthy (1954- ) 'Codladh an Ghaiscigh' (The Hero's from: The Blue Globe (1998) Sleep) 1359 'The Moment It Stopped' 1345 Aine Miller (1938- ) 'Charms' 1346 from: Goldfish in a Baby Bath (1994) 'Spring Cleaning' 1346 'Da' 1360 'Lucy's Song' 1346 'Visitation' 1361 Joan McBreen (1944- ) Sinead Morrissey (1972- ) from: A Walled Garden in Moylough from: There Was Fire in Vancouver (1995) (1996) 'The Nest' 1347 'Finding My Feet' 1362 'Someone Should Tell My Mother' 1347 'The Juggler' 1362 'On Hearing My Daughter Play Joan Newmann (1942- ) '"The "' 1347 from: Coming of Age (1995) 'Veronica' 1348 'All Your Eggs' 1363 Medbh McGuckian (1950- ) 'Cats and Lies' 1363 from: On Ballycastle Beach (1988) from: Thin Ice (1998) 'A Dream in Three Colours' 1348 'Breadman' 1363 'The Dream-Language of Fergus' 1349 'Mary and the Spikenard' 1363 from: Marconi's Cottage (1991) Colette Nic Aodha (1967- ) 'The Man with Two Women' 1349 from: Baill Seirce (Love Spots) (1998) 'The Book Room' 1350 'An Rang' (The Class) 1364 'Marconi's Cottage' 1350 'Doirse' (Doors) 1364 Caitlin Maude (1941-82) Maire Aine Nic Gearailt (1946- ) from: Caitlin Maude, Danta (1984) from: 6 Ceileadh an Bhreasail 'Treall' (Caprice) 1351 (Since Hy-Brasil Was Concealed) 'An La ar Maraiodh an Mhuc' (1992) (The Day the Pig Was Killed) 1351 '6s Tu a Mheall' (Since You 'Geibheann' (Captivity) 1352 Bewitched) 1365 Maighread Medbh (1959- ) Eilean Ni Chuilleanain (1942- ) from: Tenant (1999) from: The Magdalene Sermon and 'The Wail' 1352 Earlier Poems (1991) 'Fit for Pigs' 1353 'Pygmalion's Image' 1366 Paula Meehan (1955- ) 'The Liturgy' 1366 from: The Man Who Was Marked 'Street' 1367 by Winter (1991) 1354 'The Informant' 1367 'The Leaving' 1355 from: The Brazen Serpent (1994) 'The Pattern' 1355 'Fireman's Lift' 1367 'The Man Who Was Marked by from: The Girl Who Married the Winter' 1356 Reindeer (2001) from: Pillow Talk (1994) 'A Capitulary' 1368 CONTENTS XXV11

Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill (1952- ) from: When You Need Them (1989) from: Feis (Carnival) (1991) 'Saffron' 1379 'Ceist naTeangan' (The Language 'Aquamarine' 1379 Issue) 1368 Mary O'Donnell (1954- ) Mairin Ni Dhomhnallain (1914-2001) from: Reading the Sunflowers in from: Sin Mar a Bhi (How Things September (1990) Were) (1997) 'Antarctica' 1380 'Combha' (Empathy) 1369 from: Spiderwoman's Third Avenue 'An File Thall' (The Poet Across the Rhapsody (1993) Sea) 1370 'Eve's Maternity' 1380 '' (Donn) 1370 'Daughter' 1381 Colette NiGhallchoir (1950- ) Sheila O'Hagan (1933- ) from: Idir Dha Ghleann (Between from: The Troubled House (1995) Two Valleys) (1999) 'The Troubled House' 1381 'Dealan an Aoibhnis' (The Spark of Mary O'Malley (1954- ) Joy) 1371 from: Where the Rocks Float (1993) 'Briongloid den Bhuachaill Ban' (A 'Where the Rocks Float' 1382 Dream of the White-Headed Boy) 1371 Caitriona O'Reilly (1973- ) 'Colscaradh na Naou hAoise Deag' from: The Nowhere Birds (2001) (Divorce; 19th Century Style) 1372 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' 1385 'Slan leis an Ghleann' (Farewell to the 'Octopus' 1385 Glen) 1372 'A Lecture Upon the Bat' 1386 Aine Ni Ghlinn (1955- ) Evangeline Paterson (1928- ) from: An Cheim Bhriste (The from: Lucifer, with Angels (1994) Broken Step) (1984) 'Jehanne' 1386 'An Cheim Bhriste' (The Broken 'Armaments Race' 1387 Step) 1373 'Bringing the Water Hyacinth to from: Gairdin Pharthais (The Africa' 1387 Garden of Paradise) (1988) 'Dispossessed' 1387 'Ospidal' (Hospital) 1374 'Knitting Woman' 1387 'Coilltiu' (Afforestation) 1374 'Pyotr' 1388 'Cuair' (Curves) 1374 Angela Patten (1952- ) 'Phintealadar na Ballai Ban' (They from: Still Listening (1999) Painted the Walls White) 1375 'Emissary' 1388 Brid Ni Mhorain (1951- ) 'Mornings on the Highway' 1389 from: Ceiliuradh Cre (The 'Marriage' 1389 Celebration of Clay) (1992) 'Abandonment Blues' 1390 'An Naomh agus an Crann Almoine' 'The Country of Becoming' 1390 (The Saint and the Almond Tree) 1376 Janet Shepperson (1954- ) 'Oiche na dTri Rithe' (Night of the from: The Aphrodite Stone (1995) Three Kings) 1376 'Iconostasis' 1391 Julie O'Callaghan (1954- ) 'Fog' 1391 from: Edible Anecdotes and Other Eithne Strong (1923-99) 1391 Poems (1983) from: Sarah, in Passing (1974) 'Beauty Parlor' 1377 'Statement to Offspring' 1392 from: What's What (1991) from: My Darling Neighbour (1985) 'Pep-Talk To Poets from Their Sales 'Necessity For Reverence' 1392 Manager' 1377 'Dance To Your Daddy' 1392 'Auschwitz' 1378 'Bottoms' 1393 'Matinee' 1378 from: An Sagart Pine (The Pink Clairr O'Connor (1951- ) Priest) (1990) XXV111 CONTENTS

'An Fear Nach Stopfaidh' (The Year of from: Mary the Mother and Her the Grass) 1393 Impact on Irish Politics (1979) 1426 from: Aoife Faoi Ghlas (Aoife under Dorothy Nelson (1948- ) Lock) (1990) from: In Night's City (1982) 1430 'VI. An Guna Geal' (The White Dress) 1394 Mary Maher (1940- ) Breda Sullivan (1945- ) Why We Should Oppose the from: After the Ball (1998) Referendum (1982) 1431 'Bone'; 'What I Remember . . .' 1395 Nell McCafferty (1944- ) Aine Ui Fhoghlu (1959- ) Golden Balls (1983) 1433 from: Aistear Aonair (Lonely Road) Emily O'Reilly (1957- ) (1999) Ann Lovett: A Teenage Pregnancy 'An bhfuair tii an Grant i mbliana?' Could Not Have Gone Unnoticed (Did you get the Grant this year?) 1396 (1984) . ' 1435 'Togha Carad' (Best Friends) 1396 Nell McCafferty (1944- ) 'Aithri' (Confession) 1397 from: The Death of Ann Lovett (1984) 1437 'An Yank i mBun Raite' (The Yank in Joanne Hayes (1959- ) Bunratty) 1397 from: My Story (1985) 1439 EndaWyley (1966- ) Mary Holland (1935- ) from: Eating Baby Jesus (1994) from: Why the Flynn Case is so 'Orpheus Speaks' 1399 Important (1985) 1444 'Wedding Gift' 1399 Maire Ni Bheaglaoich (1947- ) Ann Zell (1933- ) from: Out of Ourselves: The Lives from: Weathering (1998) of Irish Lesbians and Gay Men 'Claiming'; 'Communication'; 1400 (1986) 1446 'Changeling' 1401 Irish Women's Abortion Support Group 'Lament for a lost fragment of from: Feminist Review (1988) 1448 Antrim coast ammonite' 1401 Kate Shanahan (1957- ) 1450 'Cist burial' 1401 from: Crimes Worse than Death (1992) 1451 'The last occupant of my house' 1402 Mary Holland (1935- ) 'No quarrel with the wind' 1402 Girl on a Nation's Conscience (1992) 1452 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1402 Nuala O'Faolain (1940- ) Putting Reality Before Idealism on the Abortion Issue (1992) 1454 (1958-96) THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: THE from: Interview with Eamonn POLITICS OF SEXUALITY, 1965-2000 Casey (1993) 1456 Lia Mills (1957- ) URSULA BARRY AND CLAIR WILLS, Editors from: Another Alice (1996) 1461 Introduction 1409 Maureen Gaffhey (1947- ) Monica Carr (1922-97) from: The Way We Live Now from: Irish Independent (1965, 1967) 1415 (1996) 1462 Angela MacNamara (1931- ) Carol Coulter (1949- ) from: Living and Loving (1969) 1416 from: 'Hello Divorce, Goodbye Mary Maher (1940- ) Daddy' (1997) 1465 from: DesertedWives (1970) 1419 Breda O'Brien (1962- ) Joan Conway from: Compassion Ousts Ideology from: Too Late for Me (1971) 1421 in Abortion Debate (2000) 1470 Rosita Sweetman (1948- ) Mary Holland (1935- ) from: On Our Backs: Sexual Attitudes from: Report on Abortion Reeks of in a Changing Ireland (1979) 1424 Hypocrisy (2000) 1472 Mary Holland (1935- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1473 CONTENTS XXIX

WOMEN IN THE NORTH OF IRELAND, Anonymous 1969-2000 from: Abortion in Northern Ireland: The Report of an International ANNE CRILLY, HAZEL GORDON AND Tribunal (1989) 1509 EILISH ROONEY, Editors Eileen Hay (1953- ) Introduction 1476 from: Women in Ireland in the Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (1947- ) 1990s: Workers' Education from: The Price of My Soul (1969) 1484 Association: Women's Studies Maire Drumm (1919-76) and Marie Branch Conference Report (1990) 1510 Moore (1939- ) Hazel Gordon (1946- ) from: Patriot Graves: Resistance in from: Women in Ireland in the Ireland (1972) 1486 1990s: Workers' Education Nell McCafferty (1944- ) Association: Women's Studies from: The Peace People at War (1980) 1487 Branch Conference Report (1990) 1511 Ellen Cutler (1902-1980) Brenda Murphy (1954- ) from: Passing the Time: Folklore A Curse (1991) 1512 and History of an Ulster Maggie Thompson (1958- ) Community (1982)- 1490 from: And the Blue Sky Made it Bridget Bond (1925-90) all seem Possible (1992) 1513 from: Lifetimes -A Study of Rhonda Paisley (1960- ) Protest (1982) 1491 from: Feminism, Unionism and Sally Dougan (1946- ) 1493 'the Brotherhood' (1992) 1515 from: Only the Rivers Run Free: Eileen Doherty (1942- ) Northern Ireland: The Women's from: Bloody Sunday in Derry: War (1984) 1494 What Really Happened (1992) 1516 Anne-Marie Reilly (1952- ) 'Ann' (1956- ) from: Leaving (1985) ; 1495 from: In Search of a State: Anne Noble (c. 1920- ) Catholics in Northern Ireland The Riot (1985) 1497 (1993) 1519 Eimear O'Reilly (1951- ) Mary McAleese (1951- ) Supergrass Campaigners: A Common from: In Search of a State: Bond?(1986) 1498 Catholics in Northern Ireland Anonymous (1993) 1520 from: Between the Lines - Living in Sandra Brown (1953- ) Belfast (1986) 1500 from: May the Lord in His Mercy Margaret Curran (1929- ) be Kind to Belfast (1993) 1522 The Widow's Tale (1987) 1501 Brenda Ferguson (1961- ) Aine (1949- ) and Eibhlin (1952- ) from: May the Lord in His Mercy Nic Giolla Easpaig . 1501 be Kind to Belfast (1993) 1525 from: Girseacha i nGeibheann (1985) Rhoda Watson (1929- ) (Sisters in Cells: Two Republican Pictures in My Heart (1994) 1526 Prisoners in England) 1502 Ruth McCance (1969- ) Hester Dunn (1944- ) from: Not Enough of a Catholic (1994) 1527 from: Strip Searches (1985) 1505 Edwina Stewart (1934- ) Sinead Nic Shrabhog (1948- ) from: Further Afield: Journeys Strip Search (1989) 1506 from a Protestant Past (1996) 1530 Linda Anderson (1949- ) Susan McKay (1957- ) Gang-Bang Ulster Style (1989) 1507 from: Interview wih Roisin Mairead Farrell (1957-88) 1507 McAliskey (1997) 1533 from: I am of Ireland: Women of Rest in Peace (1997) 1536 the North Speak Out (1989) 1508 Pat Turner (1951- ) XXX CONTENTS

The Tale of His Shirt (1998) 1539 Mary Cullen (1929- ) Jean Bleakney (1956- ) from: Telling it Our Way: Feminist from: The Ripple Tank Experiment History (1985) 1599 (1999) Nuala O'Faolain (1940- ) In Memoriam 1539 from: Irish Women and Writing in Paula Cunningham (1963- ) Modern Ireland (1985) 1601 from: A Dog Called Chance (1999) Ailbhe Smyth (1946- ) Poem 1540 from: The Floozie in the Jacuzzi Susan McKay (1957- ) (1989) 1605 from: Northern Protestants: An Maria Luddy (1958- ) and Cliona Unsettled People (2000) 1540 Murphy (1957- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1543 from: Women Surviving: Studies in Irishwomen's History in the 19th and 20th Centuries (1989) 1608 FEMINISM, CULTURE AND Belinda Loftus (1945- ) CRITIQUE IN IRISH from: Mirrors: William ill and Mother Ireland (1990) 1609 MAIRE Ni ANNRACHAIN, Editor Clara Connolly (1948- ) Introduction 1546 Communalism: Obstacle to Social Helen 6 Murchu (1938- ) Change (1991) 1612 from: An Ghaelige agus an Eoraip Patricia Coughlan (1948- ) (Irish and ) (1983) 1549 from: 'Bog Queens': The Briona Nic Dhiarmada (1957- ) Representation of Women in the from: Ceistna Teanga: Diosairsa na Poetry of John Montague and Gaeilge, an Fhiliocht, agus Dioscursa . Seamus (1991) 1616 na mBan (The Language Question: Sinead O'Connor(1966- ) Gaelic Discourse, Poetry and from: People Need a Short, Sharp Women's Discourse) (1992) 1555 Shock (1992) 1618 Mairin Nic Eoin (1956- ) Eavan Boland (1944- ) from: B'aitleo Bean (1998) 1563 from: Continuing the Encounter BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1577 (1993) 1620 Carol Coulter (1949- ) from: The Hidden Tradition: FEMINISM, CULTURE AND Feminism, Women and CRITIQUE IN ENGLISH Nationalism (1993) 1623 CLAIR WILLS, Editor Sabina Sharkey (1957- ) from: Ireland and the Iconography Introduction 1578 of Rape: Colonisation, Constraint Edna O'Brien (?1930- ) and Gender(1993) 1626 from: Mother Ireland (1976) 1587 Elizabeth Butler Cullingford (1948- ) Mairin de Burca (1938- ) 1588 from: Seamus and Sinead: From Analysis of the Midnight Court 'Limbo' to Saturday Night Live by (1980) 1589 Way of Hush-a-Bye Baby (1994) 1630 Pat Murphy (1951- ) and Claire Edna Longley (1940- ) Johnston (1940-1987) from: The Living Stream: Literature 'Maeve': Interview with Pat Murphy and Revisionism in Ireland (1981) 1591 (1994) 1637 Margaret Ward (1950- ) Laura O'Connor (1959- ) from: Unmanageable Revolutionaries: from: The 'War of the Womb': Women and Folklore and Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill (1983) 1595 (1998) 1639 CONTENTS XXXI

Claire Connolly (1967- ) Gretchen Fitzgerald (1943-2001) from: The Politics of Love in The from: Repulsing Racism (1992) 1661 Wild Irish Girl (2000) 1645 Ronit Lentin (1944- ) Bronwen Walter (1947- ) from: Racializing (Our) Dark from: Outsiders Inside: Whiteness, Rosaleen (1999) 1663 Place and Irish Women (2001) 1648 Deepa Mann-Kler (1969- ) BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1652 from: Emerging Irish Identities (2000) 1666 Susan Knight (1947- ) from: Where the Grass is Greener ETHNICITIES (2001) 1668 Pamela Lupembe (1974- ) CLAIR WILLS, Editor from: Metro Eireann (2001) 1671 Introduction 1656 BIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1673 Margaret McDonagh (1957- ) from: Moving Stories (1992) 1658 INDEX TO VOLUME V 1674

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