CENSUS O.F INDIA 1971.

SERIES 8-JAMMU. & KASHMIR,

Part VIII-A ADMINISTRATION REPORT ON ENUMERATION

L1AMMU & KASHMIR

I I. N. ZUTSHI of the Kashmir Admlnntratlve Service DIRECTOR OF CENSUS ~ERATIONS . JAMMU .KASHMIR aaj ~van, Jammu. eOVlR.. JAMMU.~ April 10, 1971.

Messag.

1 am happy to congratulate the' State Direc.'t.or of

Census Operations, .Bhrl Janki Nath Zutshl, 'and. h~s colleagues for completing the 'census operatioD$ smoothlyI

and punctually.- These operations involve'a maJ~r teat or

organization depend~nt as they are on the vol~tary'

co-operation ot a 1fel"Y'large num~.er of honorary worke,rs •. Let me express the hope that apart trom the work.or

compiling, tbe various prescribed census table~ far. use as ... permanent record for reference, the studies that ar,e

be~ng ~ndertake~ to interp~et the census data troathe

~oint ct view of socla1 aad economic lite of the people

w~ prove useful for planning their .cu1tural and -economic life. Claapter I INTRODUCTION • - ., l~24 Hunger Cor Immortality-My Predecessor-My ~ext-in-Com~d-A Welcome Chans:e-:Nati~nal Integratio!_l-l take over-Staff Meeting-Ce,sus Conecio~~ne.. -DarJeeling Conference-Welcome Steps-Legal Powen-Cdune or ActIOn­ Training Programme-9Gnstant 'rouring-Housenumbering and H?~~isting- . Census Blue-Spot-checking-Registrar General~s Visit-Waiting for ReCords -Census Agency-Publicity-:-A Note of Caution..... Shining· ~mples-Regisiiv. General's Second Visit-Xmas Father~Inspection of Records-One Year in Oftlce -Coding-Mechanical Tabulation-Census in Non-syncmy,nous Areas-_::_Ready Response-Census of Nomadic:Elements--Second Directors' Conference -Kerala~ Hyderabad-Some Impreuions-Registrar General~1 Vilit to 'Ladakh A Ladakh Diary-Enumeration in Synchronous Areas-Training in· jammu-Supply and Distribution of Census Schedules-Census Campaign-Ideritity Cards-Mid-term Poll-Public Response-Complaints-Enumeration Concluded-Release of Provi­ sional Results-Nature of Voluntary Work-Cost of Enumenhion-Grantof Awards • I' .-Miscellaneous Matters: i) Census Emblem ii) Census Recreation Club- AcknowJec:lgements

Chapter D CENSUS PRE-TESTS & CONFERENCES 2S:'_28 Census Pretests - Conduct oC Pre-1est~ - Second P~test -~ Fint' Census Confe- rence --Second Census Conference - Special Skills":'" Training Seminars

Claapter m MAPPING 29 Distrlct & Tehsil Maps,

PREPARATORY MEASURES . • SO-53 • Functional :Units - Census Calenciar - Notification - Persoaal Contacts "

Claapter V OFFICE ACCOMMODATION & UPKEEP OF RECORDS · 34-35 Shortage of Accommodation - Move to New Premises - Permanent omc:e­ Jammu Of6.ce - Upkeep of Records

Claapter VI LOCATION CODE NUMBERS · 36-17 Handbook of Code Numbers - 1971 Code Numb... ii .,.No. Claaptal VB" PRINTING & SUPPLY OF CENSUS SCHEDULES • • 3s.:-40 Timely Supply - Supply & Distribution

Claapter vm HOUSE-NUMBERING .& HOUSE-LISTING 41-42 Importance of Numbering - Notional Maps - Quality of Maps - Census House - Complete Numbering - Some Errors - Housing Tables - Permanent' House­ numbering Claapter IX ENUMERATION 43-51 1971 Census Slip - Arrangements for Enumeration - Non-synchronous Areas- Good Experience - ·Training & Publicity - Enumeration Agency - Timely Dis­ tribution of Forms -Reserve Stock - Return of Records - Details of Supply & Distribution Claapter :x: URBAN UNITS, STANDARD URBAN AREA AND URBAN AGGLOME- RATION . , . • 52-54 Urban Units - Standard Defi.n~on - Position inJ & K - EnumeratIon 'in Two Cities - Standard Urban Area - Future . Limits - Urban Agglomeration­ Areas Included , ! Claapter XI GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE, ACCOUNTS, STORES & STATIONERY • 55-56 General Administrative - Accounts-Rules - Indents for Stores & Stationary­ Procedures - Delegation of Financial Powers-Permanent Advance - Printing Procedures-Printer's Billa etc. Claapter XD CENSUS CIRCULARS • 57-58 OTHERS WHO HELPED 59

APPBNDICES

I. Registrar General's Circular No. 37/10/68-RG dated 12.12.1968 regar- ding conduct of 1971 Census • 60-70 II. Nucleus organisation as existed on the eve of preparations for 1971 Census . • 71-72 III. State Government Order No. 3049-GD of 1969 dated 4.9.1969 placing service. of Shri J.N. Zutshi at the disposal of Government of India for appointment a. SuperinteDdent of CeDlUI Operation., J & K 75 IIi

P."No.

'lV., D.O. 'letter:No. R.M. 1800/69 daled S.9.1969 sent by the Revenue & Rehabilitation Minister of J & KiState to Shri J.N. Zutshi on the , a ••uming of hii charge as Daector of Census Operations, J & K. 74 V: .D.O., No. Cen. 23/5828-37/69 d~ted 6.9.1969 from Director of Cen.~. Operations to ail Deputy Commissioners regarding preparations for 1971 Census. • 75 VI. D.O. letter No. CMS(Genl)74/69 dated 8.9.1969 sent by Chief Minister "ofJ &: K State to ShriJ.N. Zutshi on assuming the charge of Direc- tor of Census Operations, j &: K ,. ; , 76 VII. Notification No.6/27/69-J\d.I dated IS.9.1969 regarding appointment of Shri J.N. Zutshi as Director of Census Operations & Ex-officio Superintendent,of Census Operations,J&K • 77 VIII. Census calenda~\for accessible and i!1a~cessible (snow-bou~d areas) • 78-83 IX. State Gazette Notification·No. SRO-SI9 dated 17.9.1969 appointing and conferring legal authority in terms of the Indian Census Act to District Census OfIicen,: Charge Superintendents etc. 84--85 X. Chief Secretary'. d.o. letter No. GD(Adm)S88/69-iii-Census dated 31.10.1969 regarding entries in cOnfidential rolls of officers entrusted with Census duties 86 XI. StateGovemment'. Circular No. GD(Adm)S88/69-Census dated IS.II.69. placing embargo on transfers of Census Field Agency . 87 XII. State Government's Circular No. Rev(s)68/S7 dated 7.6.1968 instructing their sub-ordinate offices not to give effect to any changes in the jurisdic­ tion of any district, tehsil, town or village after 31.12.1969 till the conclusion of the Census Operations 88 XIII. Set of drafted schedules evolved by the Registrar General on the basis of the first pre-test reports 89-95 XIV. Inaugural address of the Home Minister on the occasion of first Census Conference of Directors' of Census Operations • 96-98 XV. Sample notional map and instructions contained in the question and answer brochure issued to Enumeration Agency during house- numbering &: house-listing phase . 1-23 • (Urdu ,.mo.) . XVI. Dates and centres of training classes held during first phase In accessible areas ofthe State .99-102

XVII. List of snow-bound areaa '. 103-112 XVIII. Notional map prepared by the Field Agency during fint phase 113 XIX. Emblem suggested by Census Directorate 114 xx. All India Census Emblem, 115 iv

Pag,No. XXI. Summarised and simplified version of instructions on Individual Slip and Abridged Houselist 27-41 (Urdu /JtIr1i6l XXII. Schedules along with the instructions for filling them up issued by the Registrar General. India 116-lS2 XXIII. Census Circular No. 23-IV/3613-3S/70 dated 4.7.1970 regarding enumeration of nomadic elements • IS3-IS5 XXIV: Red & Blue Identity Cards for enumerators and supervisors • IS6-187 XXV. Engagement Calendar giving important Census dates 188 XXVI. Programme items broadcast by Radio Kashmir, Srinagar/Jammu in connection with 1971 Census . \ . IS9-190 XXVII•. D. O. No. Cen. 43/9703-13/70 dated 2S.11.1970 sent to editors of leading newspapers of J&K State. . 191 XXVIII. Names of the towns of J &K State. 192 XXIX. Itinerary of the tours undertaken by Director of Census Operations in connection witli 1971 Census 193 ·-200 XXX. Date and time of receipt of the consolidated provisional figures. 201

XXXI. Letter of appreciation received from the Chief Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir State 202 XXXII. District-wise distribution of enumerators and supervisors (including reserve) by broad categories . 203-204 XXXIII. Letter of appreciation issued by Director or Census Operations to ~numeration agen_cy • 205

XXXIV. Budget estimates from 1968-69 to -1971-72 206-207

XXXV. Important miscellaneous circulars 20S

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Facing or SI.No. between pages 1. Shri Bhagwan Sahay, State Governor, replying to Census questionnaire I at Raj Bhawan. Chief Minister's 2. Director, Census Operations, explaining various entries of Individual l Message­ I Inl1'oduclion Slip to Chief Minister, Shri G. M. Sadiq, on the occasion of Census I enumeration. J v

Facing or Sl. No. betw,en pages' s. .,Shri G. M. Sadiq, Chief Minister, goes through the entries in his houselist. 1, I 4. Marking a Census House Number. I

5. Main entrance. I I 6. Entrance into outer compound. I 7. Under portals of the mosque-Director and Shri Gani, Deputy Director, checking house numbers at Jamia Masjid, Srinagar. ~4-5 I 8. A training class at .. Bandipora, Kashmir.- I I I 9. Using Roll-up black-board. Training Instructor - Shri S. P. Arora. I I 10. Training in progress in Akhnoor. Jammu. Training Instructor - Shri I J. K. Nanda. , I 11. Training in progress in Kupwara, Kashmir. Training Instructor - Shri I G. M. Din. J

12. Shri Gani. Deputy Director, Census Operations, spot-checking and comparing houselists in Sonawari, Kashmir. 1 13. Director, Census Operations, alongwith Charge Superintendent on an I inspection round in Ganderbal. I ~ 6 14. Shri Gani. Deputy Director, Census Operations, with Charge I Superintendent, Pahalgam and Zonal Officer on an inspection tour in a snow-covered village. J 15. Houselisting Operation in Raj Bhawan, Jammu. Shri Bhagwan Sahay helping Census Officials to enter correct particulars in his houselist. 1 16. Operation over, Shri Sahay poses for a photograph. Standing with· > 7 him are Director of Census Operations, Shri Ram Nath. Charge I Superintendent and concerned Zonal Officer and enumerator. J

17. With 'Xmas father' - at Manasbal, Sonawari. 10 vi

Fam., (If Sl. No. b,tw"" pag,s 18. In Cherwan village near Kangan, R. G. tastes a cup of traditional 1 Kashmiri tea. I I 19. Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, India, with Census field I staff at R. S. Pora, Jammu. To his right is Shri Sharma, enumerator, with a sling, who broke his arm while on census duty. I ! 20. Going round a locality in Jammu city. I I 21. Registrar General inspecting Census records in Srinagar Office. I i 22. In Mulbeck, Ladakh. To Registrar General's right is a Ladakhi I female head of the household, which has just been enumerated, posing I with her yalk. I I I 23. At Pandras, Ladakh, going round the village. I

- I 24. On hi. way to Leh,. Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, checking the work of t 14-15 enumerators near Lamayaru. I I 25. An enumerator filling in Individual Slips ofa typical Ladakhi family. I I

26. Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, India, alongwith Shri I Gani, Deputy Director of Census Operations, visiting a Guijar Kotha near Sooamarg.

27. Registrar General alongwith Director, Census Operations, and other Census Officials at Fotula, the highest point on Leh-Srinagar road.

28. After checking enumeration work at Hemis Gumpa, Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, and other Census Officials with Lamas.

29. Census Officials photographed with Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, after inspection of Census work at Hemis Gumpa in Ladakh. With him I is Shri R. K. Takkar, Deputy Commissioner, Ladakh. I I 30. After the aged grand-father, the little ones of the family are counted. J vii

Pacing or Sl. No. b,tw,m /Jagu

31. Director, Census Operations, with training instructors before the start of the final stage of the Census Operations. 1 32. Census Officials ready to start from Census headquarters for final I check of enumeration. I I J 33. Charge Superintendent, Shupiyan, leading Deputy Director, Census I Operations, Shri Gani, and, enumerators for a spot-check in a snow-bound block. I I 34. Deputy Director, Census Operations, Shri Gani, cross-checking an I Individual Slip with a woman respondent. ~ 16-17 35. Director, Census Operations, on spot-check inspection in a locality in Shupiyan town.

36. Director, Census Operations, addressing enumerators at R. S. Pora, Jammu. S7. Director, Census Operations, with Deputy Commissioner, Kathua and other Census Officials at a training centre in Kathua. Training Inspector - B. L. Bhan. SB. Training in progress in Udhampur. Training Instructor - Shri B. L. Tiku. 39. The Chief Minister, Shri G. M. Sadiq, going through the entries of his Individual Slip which DCO is explaining. 1 40. Census Officials call on the Chief Minister, Mr. G. M. Sadiq, at I his residence in Jammu to enumerate the members of his household. I Later the Chief Minister autographed the picture. I 41. Census records being cheked by Director, Census Operations, at Dada. I With him are Charge Superintendent and Zonal Officers. I

42. Deputy Commissioner, Baramulla, Shri Rizvi, on a revisional round ~ 20-21 I of the town. With him is Shri A. M. Kalloo - Training Instructor. I 43. Director, Census Operations, with Shri Parmanand, Deputy Commi­ I ssioner, Dada, cross-checking Individual Slips with EDPS. I I 44. Last-minute check of new Census houses at the enumeration stage. I 45. Shri H. U. Kamili, former SCO being hosted by Census Recreation Club at Census Headquarters. J SI.J((!. 46. Deputy Director, Census Operations, with Census Officials going. round for final check in a crowded locality of city.

47. A respondent says ~we are .. quite. happy ',with the.-work.ofthe..CeDIu.-~ Officials'. 1

48. On the night or 2/3 April, Dinctor of _ Census. Operations,., with ,I 20+-21· Census Officials .on: revisional round in. the. Dal . Lake..area,-SJ"inapr.

49. Director of Census Operations with Mr. Siraj-ud-Din, Charge Superintendent, Srinagar Municipality; on revisional round in Srinagar on. the night of 2/3 April, 1971. CHIEF MINISTER JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Message

Conducting ot census is a stupendous taslt calling tor devoted 1«>rk by a larse body ot men aa allO able organisation and leadership at all levels. !be Census Organisa­ tion in J &:: It has done a thorough 30b and J I am glacl to kilow, was able to oomplete the provisional data much a.head ot manr states in the country. I congratulate the Director ot the' Census Organisation, .Mr. J .... Zuts~, his otficers and men on this acft1evement. ~ Jammu-Tawi ( G.H~q ) April 21,~71. Shri Bhagwan Sahay, State Governor~ replying to Census questionnaire at Raj Bhawan. (Photograph was autographed by the Governor to commemorate the successful conclusion of 1971 Census enumeration)

D.C.O.~ explaining various entries of Individual Slip to Chief Minister, Shri G. M. Sadiq, on the occasion of census enumeration. CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

HaDger for lmiDortaUfy predecessor, Mr. Habib Ullah Kamili, now A Census Superintendent*, towards the a member of the State Public Servi~ close of his term, reaches a stage when Commission, who held the charge of he begins to sound and behave like a Census Organisation in Jammu and Kashmir bore. He has a lot to say about himself for as many. as_ nine years. ' Starting from and what he regards, his achievements. scratch (there was no Census in 'our Doubtless the work of enumeration of State in 1951), he built a fine working population, with its multifarious attendant organisation. Almost single-handed,. he tasks in such a vast and populous country covered the whole operation from, the as India, is no bed of roses. But that is initial stage of training to the final ':stage no reason why those in charge should of enumeration. ,With the o~ration ..ssume that their successors hereafter must successfully concluded, he tumed his depend heavily on their unsolicited advice. attention to the tabulation of the data Speaking from personal experience, I find received and writing various repOrts. I that soon after the II!dividual Slips come have benefitted greatly not only from the flooding in, an eloquent testimony to -an fact that Mr. Kamili left behind him a S.C.O's mental abilities as well as physical knowledgeable Census Organisation (Appen­ stamina, he clamours for and expects praise. dix-II) on who,se cooperation and assis~nce It is in that. mood that he writes his I drew liberally, but also .. because --ih; Administration Report. In it are 'recounted reports written by him deal exhaustively the different ordeals he has gone through. with the historical background al well as This is all right but a substantial part main sociological features of Jammu and of it is devoted to telling the next o~e Kashmir. I feel my burden somewhat in the Census lineage how to go about lightened as there is no need for me to his job in future. Evidently, a retiring traverse the ground already covered by S.C.O. wants to be fully alsured that my predecessor. during the next decennial Census, his successor will closely tread his foot-steps My Nat-ia-CommlUld and quote his Administration Report by 3. I consider myself particuLarly chapter and verse. This insatiable hunger fortunate that at least a year before I for immortality, embarrassing as it is to assumed charge as Supe,:,intendent of his unknown successor, does not earn him Census Operations, an officer of versatile any pos!humous- fame. On the contrary,­ ability and diligence had been holding the he runs the risk of being treated as a fort at the headquarters in Srinagar. I kind of Census ghost. refer to Shri Abdul Gani, my next-in­ command. He had left nothing to c;hance My Predeee8.or • The present designation is Director 0( 2. This is not to say that I do not Census Operations but every Director continues to feel immensely indebted to my immediate be Ex-officio Superintendent of Census OperatiODl. 2 and workecJ' out e~ry PQssible detail creed, language or region, a national before-hand/for the success of the operations undertaking of such gigantic proportions in hand. as Census was carried out successfully under a uniform procedure, voluntarily and A Welcome Change Oil a pre-fiXed date &om one end of. the country to the, other. We naturally feel 4. I must admit that, when first proud for having played a part in it. mooted, the prospect or- my deputation as S.• C. O. did' not quite fascinate me. I take over I rather felt depressed with the thought 6. I took o'ver the charge of my new that after an exciting term of s~veral years at responsibilities on September 5, 1969 State's top public relations job, I would be (Appendix-III). I was told by the .chief facing a long spell of un-relieved toil and Secretary that the necesSary notification of drudgery. Looking in retrospect, however, the Ministry of Home Affairs would follow. 1 can say that my.retreat to the sequestered The officiating S. C. O. and his staff had and quiet waters of Census has d~ne me no knowledge of this order or at any rate a great deal of good in many ways. At they did not expect me to take over last, I am at peace with myself and my without a formal appointment letter. In world. I look with satisfaction at the order to set their minds at rest and show results which I and my colleagues have that I was not an usurper of any sort, achieved. These are evidently of a the first step taken by me was to send long-standing value and not e_phemeral like the following telegram to the Registtar most of public relations work. Most General :- important of all, I have begun to trust "REGGENLIND my own word! NEW DELHI NO. CEN. 42/5658/69 IN TERMS OF National Integration MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS LETTER NO. F. 28/233/68-PUB. I(Pt.} 5. 'Let me also say that even though HAVE REPORTED' TODAY 5TII operating from the remote Himalayan SEPTEMBER 1969 AFTERNOON AS recesses of the country, we have derived SUPERINTENDENT .cENSUS OPE­ the greatest satisfaction from the fact that RATIONSJ&K FORMAL CHARGE under the able stewardship of our Registrar C.) REPORT BEING SUBMITTED General, Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, I.A.S., SEPARATELY we and our colleagues in other States and territories of India have worked ,as J. N. ZUTSHI a· closely-knit team on a common pro­ KASHCENSUS" gnt.~e of work, with common objectives and based on a common approach. It 'Waiting for confirmation of my appoint­ would not be an exaggeration to say that ment, I avoided signing any papers but apart from its other uses~ Census today spent the time in getting acquainted with is making 'a significant contribution to the the staff and discussing our future cause of national integration. It is programme. I am glad to say that the heartening indeed that in spite of the instructions issued by the Registrar General, oft-repeated talk about differences of caste, India vide hi. circular No. 37/10/68-RG 3 dated 12.12.1968 (Appendix-I) gave Darjeelbag Coaf'ereDce me a preCise, picture '

Marking A Census House Number. Main Entrance

Entrance into outer compound

Under portals · of the mosque-D.C.O. & Shri Cani, Deputy Director, checking house numbers at Jamia Masjid, Srinagar. A Training Class at Bandipora, Kashmir.

Using Roll Up Black-board Training Instructor -Shri S. P. Arora Training in progress m Akhnoor, Jammu. Training Instructor-Shri J. K. Nanda

Training in progress in Kupwara, Kashmir. Training Instructor-Shri G. M, Din 5

7. Shri G. M. Din. Tabulation Officer, transfers of Census Field ,Staff assisted by Shri Mohd. Yousuf. (Appendix-XI), some departments Statistical Assistant chose exactly this time to make transfers. We intervened in ~very The execution of training programme case and succeeded in some. How­ entailed long and hectic journeys to be ever, we ran into real trouble when undertaken by our staff. Some had to towards \ the end of _, the month, travel on pony and foot. One or two of as many as 9 Charge Superinten­ the instructors suffered nervous breakdown dents in Kas~mir and 7 in Jammu but the job was pushed through and com­ found themselves under orders of' pleted on 19th December, 1969 and 28th promotion or transfer. On my January, 1970 in Kashmir and Jammu urgen, pleading ,with th~ Chief regions respectively. Out of the total Secretary, however, action on these' 7,160 field and supervisory personne~, 6,658 orders' was deferred. attended the classes. The issue of a sample notional map and instructions ii) We' /discovered all too suddenly contained in the brochure in question and that! some enumerators working in answer form in Urdu proved of considera­ J~mmu city were only Hindi-knowing. ble help in thorough training of the field As 'our forms etc., were in Urdu, staff (Appendix-XV). replacements became necessary. Additional classes had to be held Constant Touring for their training. 15. Throughout this period, I and the Deputy Director were constantly on tQur iii) Compl_~.!~_!S were received that in supervising the programme. We spoke'to some case-Ii the blocks allotted to crowded classes at various centres explain­ enumerators were too unwieldy ing why it was important to take an and large. Also that some enu­ accurate population count every ten years merators were deaf or d~mb. and assess, along with it, how far the Suitable action was taken in each country had progressed economically and case. socially. We took advantage of the facili­ ties offered by Radio Kashmir, Srinagar/ iv) We found Samba tehsil in Jammu Jammu to publicise the programme. Be­ region without a Charge Superin­ sides our own talks broadcast by the Radio, tendent. The vacancy was filled it put out a number of instructive items only towards the middJe of February, in its various broadcasts as shown in Appen­ 1970. The officer admitted frankly dix-XXVI. that being new to the job, 'he would not be in a position to Hoase-numbering" Hoase-Osting implement the programme by the scheduled date unless the Census 16. As the date of start of house­ Department gave him a big helping numbering and houselisting (lst February, hand. Thereupon we launched 1970) came nearer, some altogether un­ "Operation Samba" , completing expected problems confronted us. These the job on the due date-the are referred to briefly here:- operation was so-called because of i) Despite the embargo placed on the name of the town and almost 6

Ipilitary-like moves of our teams But the paint used for writing numbers, bve! the area. I discovered, varied from locality to locality and did not in all cases appear to be v) In the city of Srinagar, the supply of standard quality. Perhaps the reason of boats for Census work in the for this is that the amount of Rs. 5/­ Dal lake area became an irksome which we pay to the enumerator to question of procedure and took purchase the material including a brush time to. be thrashed out. Similarly, is too meagre according to prevailing it took a good deal of mediation market prices. I, therefore, made the on our part to settle the question following two suggestions to the Registrar of demarcation of jurisdiction bet­ General :- ween the Forest and Revenue Departments in places like Beerwa, a) We should adopt a uniform all-India Handwara and Kupwara etc. Census colour in future. Blue is suggested because it would be vi) Some confusion arose owing to indicative of our aims which are the fact that numbers in the entirely peaceful in character• .' In Persian script are written from plural, the term would give some right to left. This matter was idea of the hardships ~hich have settled by our telling the enume­ to be suffered by the Census rators that so long as they did Organisation. not leave any structure unnumbered b) Since at present we get all our and showed the correct number supplies of forms and paper from of Census houses in it, it did not the Registrar General's Office under matter which way the numbers were put. Fortunately such ins­ satisfactory arrangements, these should in future include supply of tances were few. painting material as well. This vii) Lastly, we came across cases where would ensure quality as well as an enumerator, a teacher holding competitive prices. an M. A. degree had been asked to work under a supervisor who Spot-Checking was a mere Patwari and an under­ 18. As the work of house-numbering matriculate at that. This created and house-Jisting was in progress, we lot of heart-burning and a demand arranged teams to conduct spot-checking was made that the enumerator so that the margin of error in this phase, should at least be given a more vital to thorough and accurate enumera­ respectable designation. I agreed tion, is reduced to the minimum, if not immediately and started addressing altogether eliminated. They visited every them thenceforth as Cenlus Field Tehsil Headquarter and did the checking Officials. in six villages selected at random in the Tehsil. Correcting whatever errors they Cen... Blue noticed, they explained by practical 17. After preparation of notional maps, examples to all concerned how the numbering of houses started in right houselists and establishment schedules earnest in both Jammu and Kashmir. should be filled in ·correctly. Shri Cani, DDCO, spot-checking and comparing !lOuselists In Soria_wari, Kashmir.

DCO, along with Charge Superintendent on an inspection round in Canderbal, Shri Cani, DDCO, with charge supdt., Pahalgam and zonal officer on an inspection tOclr in a snow-covered village House-listing operation in Raj Bhawan~ Jammu. Shri Bhagwan Sahqy helping census Q/ficials to enter correct particulars in his house-list.

OPeration over, Shri Sahay poses for a Photograph. Standing with him are DCO, Shri Ram -Nath, Charge Superintendent and concerned zonal Q/ficer and enumerator. 7

Regi.trar GeDeraI'. VUlt are missing in Baramulla. Code num~ 19. The Registrar General of India, do not tally' in the case of Akhnribr Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, paid a visit to tehsil. Enumerators' of two zones inJarn~u the State on February 26, 1970. He city have: just started filling in the hous~ came first to Jammu. He had thus an lists although it i~ now the third we~'k opportunity of seeing some of our work of March. Entrief against Institutioll~l at first-hand. This he did in some border HouseJ:J.old have n~t been made. correctly villages in Ranbirsingh Pora. Next day by enumerators in .R. S. P,ora 'and sO on. as he was waiting to fly for Srinagar In a contingency of this sort, I ~ve (he could not make t4is journey due to learnt ,from experience, it is best not to bad weather), he visited a congested lose one's nerve. After aU, even the locality in Jammu city. He rounded up worst' situations. Can be _got over .'. by his tour by making a surprise check in putting in renewed effort. All such cases, an unfrequented a.rea opposite the Bahu I decided, would be thoroughly looked ~nto Fort. On return to his headquarters, he in the office arid \ steps taken to effect wrote to me the following demi-official corrections. H<>~ever, I found later that letter :- while the records certainly needed to be scrutinised minutely, there was not· m.uch "My dear Zuubi, ground for .the initial alarm. For instance, I had a safe journey back to Delhi, the confusion about code numbers was \hough the -flight was quite bumpy. solved when we -discovered that they I am glad that I had the opportunity were the same which we had issue4 to see the hOUle-numbering and house-listing before revising them subsequently. No work in Jammu area: It is a pity that we villages were' "mining. Actually there could not visit Srioagar. I am impreaed by were sotne additions due to recent settle­ the dedication and hard work of yourseli' and your colleaguea in the Census Office which has ment of some villages considered pre­ undoubtedly contributed to the good quality viously as 'bay chirag'. Entries against of house-numbering and house-listing in the Institutional Households needed correctioli areas that I had the opportunity to visit. in . some cases. but this presented only a Please convey my best wishes to our colleagues minor problem. and the State Govenunent. officiala who have been 10 cooperative .... ~ ...... " Ceasa. AgeDey Kind regards, Youn sincerely, 21. According to prevalent practice, Sd/- the entire operation of Census has to be A. CHANDRA SEKHAR" carried thtVugh under the aegis and with the cooperation of Deputy Commis­ Waiting for Record. sioners and Tehsildars. Having an agency 20. Waiting for the records from the of our own to do this work would prove District and Tehsil headquarters is an too costly. As it is, during the present agoDlsmg time for the head of the times the Deputy Commissioners and Census OrganJsation. Are they ready? Tehsildars have a lot of other important Are they complete? Are they' reliable? jobs to perform. With their hands fully tied These questions keep repeating in an with law and order problems, food pro­ S.C.O·s mind. Meanwhile alarming curement,. intensive agricultural production reports keep pourfug in. Twenty villages and miscellaneous work of diverse kind., 8

· Census work at their hands is bound to ensure that it does not sdund like official go by default. Neither persuasion nor propaganda. High sounding sermons should admonition proves of much avail in such be avoided as far as possible. People are cases. What should one do in such fed up with sermons. Talk st~ight to circumstances? I found the answer in them about 'what they have to do at building adequate pressure of public a particular time and they respond in opinion for the Census programme. If a magnificent manner. every individual wants his house to be numbered and accounted for in the Shining Esamples Census records, be they houselists, establishment schedules, or the enume­ 24. Whether it was as a result of ration slips, the official machinery has strong public opinion which we had built no alternative but to move with the throughout the State in support of Census public demand and give the Census Operations or our constant personal contacts work the attention it deserves. or the persuasive tone of our lehen, the fact is that most of the District Census PabUdty Officers and Charge Superintendents gave us their unstinted cooperation at the expense 22. Realising that without strong and of their equally pressing jobs awaiting dis­ effective publicity, our work was bound posal. I shall quote a few examples~ On to suffer by default, we put out from being told to postpone Census training classes the' Radio a continuous campaign in the in view of the impending visit of a Deputy shape of short duration inserts during Minister to his area, the Tehsildar of peak listening time. As these items were Bashohli wired back: "Unable comply brief and buSiness-like, they made an with orders (.) Census work more impor­ n immediate impact on the public mind. tant....•. • Similarly, in Udhampur, finding They also lent some urgency to the task that staft' in the local. Veterinary Unit in hand.' I and my colleagues realised had been avoiding performance of Census this all too happily in the course of our duties, the Charge Superintendent did extensive tours. Wherever we went we not hesitate in sending them a formal asked the villagers and passers-by whether notice for the start of proceedings under they had heard of Census. They in­ the Census Act. This brought forth a variably replied in the affirmative adding, howl from the concerned Head of Depart­ to our immense delight, that Census ment who incidentally argued that animals people had already been to their area were not less important than human beings. for numbering the houses and collecting But the job was done in a satisfactory detailed information about their households. manner. In Doda, the Deputy Commissioner Even women and children, whom we supervised the operations personally to met, appeared to be fully abreast of ensure tbat all remote and far-flung areas our activities. are covered by the programme fully. In Kashmir, I received encouraging reports A. Note of CautioD about the pains taken by the Deputy 23. While referring to the need of Commissioner, Anantnag, and his Charge adequate publicity, I feel compelled to Superintendents in ensuring that every sound a note of caution. It must not be phase of the programme is completed in overdone and every care must be taken to time. As I watched the fine performance 9 of Charge Superintendent, Ganderbal, I A somewhat aggressive type of woman, was convinced that he had become al­ obviously the head of the Census house­ most a crusader for the Census cause. hold, came forward. Administrators of both Municipalities in Jammu and Srinagar which continue to Lady 'we do. This is our shop. be cities with complex problems did not We sell bread and live up­ disappoint us. stairs' R.G. 'have you been listed?' Registrar GeDeral's SecoDd Visit Lady 'yes' 25. As we were preparing for the final. stage of Census-general enumeration-the R.C. 'even the women-folk ?' Registrar General, although pressed for Lady 'yes, everybody' time due to heavy engagements at the headquarters in Delhi, paid us another R.G. 'the children too?' visit which lasted from 4th to 7th of Lady 'yes, every child' May, 1970. He flew first toJammu where he inspected the houselisting record and R.G. 'has census any utility' for also saw our staft"under S/Shri S. P. Arora you ?' and B. L. Tiku at editing and sampling Lady 'it definitely has. By counting work. His discussions concerning census the »C?pulation you can assess of Army personnel with Army authorities the amount of aid which helped in clarifying a number of impor­ you should send to our State' tant points. From Jammu, he motored R.G. 'do you think it is inade- upto Srinagar stopping en route at Ramban quate ?' and Banihal to check house-numbering. At Banihal he closely questioned the Lady 'No, not at all, but part of Charge Superintendent about the steps for it would disappear in the accurate count of gujjars and other noma­ way .... .' dic population. On reaching Srinagar, At this stage the woman got out her he was kept busy by a number of official samovar and from it she poured· out a engagements. He utilised the intervening cup of boiling salt-tea commonly drunk in breaks in touring the valley to check these mountaineous parts. 'Please have it' house-listing in remote areas. Returning she told him 'and see how good our bread from Sonamarg on 5th May, 1970 which tastes' . The Registrar General obliged and becomes fully accessible only towards the was greatly impressed by the manner in beginning of June, he stopped at a way­ which an illiterate peasant woman in a side village near Cherwan where he saw remote village had freely expressed her some people gathered and having tea in ideas about Census and then cap it by a a shop. Approaching them, he asked spontaneous gesture of 'warm' hospitality. whether the Census people had visited the village. He got back the answer X-mas Father 'yes, twice' . The following interesting 26. A little later when he was at conversation followed:- Mansbal, he met a bearded old man who R. G._ : 'do you both live and work looked like an X-mas father. The R. G. here ?' could not resist but exchanging a few 10

words with him. Coming back to his problems have been resolved such u arranging favourite topic, he enquired from the X-mas suitable accommodation for ollr office here as father whether the place had been num­ well as in Jammu. We have established fine rapport with the State Government and District bered. 'It has been' he replied and added Census Officials and Charge Superintendents 'every place hu been numbered including individually. Intensive publicity of our pro­ water'. The R. G. was somewhat intri­ grammes has created the necessary amount of gued by this answer but had a hearty Census consciousness among the people in con­ laugh when I explained that the Census sequence of which Census in Jammu and Kashmir is regarded as a nation-building Organisation had put numbers on boats activity of foremost importance. too and that may be what made the old Among the tasks relating to the 1971 man think that we had been operating Census, editing and sampling of houselists has on water as well. been nearly completed while coding is in prog­ ress. As soon as the machines are received, IDspectioD or Record. we will Btart punching the cards for which the requir_rd nuIIiber of personnel have been 27. Next day he visited the new already trained and are in position. On the Census Office at 19-Karan Nagar. He Social Studies side, the first 1971 Census Towll spent considerable time in examining the Study was brought out recently. Along with houselists and the way they were being it, four studies pertaining to 1961 Census -Badwani, Khanaid, Parole, Kharbu-have also edited. As in Jammu, the record had been completed. Similarly, the delineation of been neatly arranged in pads (marked Standard Urban Area for the cities of Srinagar red for rural and black for urban) each and Jammu after a prolonged controversy has with a separate index of code numbers. been finalised in consultation wilh the State Later at a staff meeting, the preparations Government and Town &. Country Planning Organisation, Government of India. We have for the final phase were reviewed; the put in a lot of effort giving thorough training R. G. promising to pay a visit to Ladakh to our Field Agency in Census tenns and during the period of enumeration. procedures and preparing them fully for the final and vital phase of enumeration. I have ODe Year in Oflice already informed you about the steps that we have taken to safeguard against non-enumeration 28. On September 5, 1970, I completed or double-enumeration of our nomadic popu­ one year in office as Director of Census lation. Regarding timely supply of Census forms and schedules to all areas, an elaborate arrange­ Operations, Jammu & Kashmir. I thought ment has been worked out. I have no doubt the occasion fit for sending a brief report that the entire operation will go through to Registrar General about the jobs smoothly. accomplished during this period. The In sending you this brief report about report reads as under:- the work of the Census Organisation, Jammu & Kashmir, for the last one year, I claim no credit for myself-it is all the result of team­ "Dear Shri Chandra Sekhar, work. Everyone of us takes immense satisfaction 1 have completed today one year of my term from the fact that we are part of a big u Director of Census Operations, Jammu and national undertaking, guided and inspired by Kashmir. On this occuion, I am glad to be you, to whose success we must contribute able to report to you that the targets set for our very best. the year have been fully achieved. We have With kind regards, successfully concluded house-numbering and house-listing in accessible areas and are now Yours sincerely. in the final stages of enumeration in the non­ Sdl accessible areu. Besides this, quite a few other (J. N. Zutshi)" 9 of Charge Superintendent, Ganderbal, I A somewhat aggressive type of woman, was convinced that he had become al­ obviously the head of the Census house­ most a crusader for the Census cause. hold, came forward. Administrators of both Municipalities in Jammu and Srinagar which continue to Lady 'we do. This is our shop. be cities with complex problems did not We sell bread and live up­ disappoint us. stairs' R.G. 'have you been listed?' Registrar General's Second Visit Ladf 'yes' 25. As we were preparing for the final stage of Census-general enumeration-the R. G. : 'even the women-folk ?' Registrar General, although pressed for Lady 'yes, everybody' time due to heavy engagements at the headquarters in Delhi, paid us another R.G. 'the children too?' visit which lasted from 4th to 7th of Latfy 'yes, every child' May, 1970. He flew first toJammu where he inspected the houselisting record and R.G. 'has census any utility for also saw our staff under S/Shri S. P. Arora you ?' and B. L. Tiku at editing and sampling Lady : 'it definitely bas. By counting work. His discussions concerning census the population you can assess of Army personnel with Army authorities the amount of aid which helped in clarifying a number of impor­ you should send to our State' tant points. From Jammu, he motored R. G. 'do you think it is inade­ upto Srinagar stopping en route at Ramban quate ?' and Banihal to check house-numbering. At Banihal he closely questioned the Latfy 'No, not at all, but part of Charge Superintendent about the steps for it would disappear in the accurate count of guiiars and other noma­ way ..... ' dic population. On reaching Srinagar, At this stage the woman got out her he was kept busy by a number of official samovar and from it she poured out a engagements. He utilised the intervening cup of boiling salt-tea commonly drunk in breaks in touring the valley to check these mountaineous parts. 'Please have it' house-listing in remote areas. Returning she told him 'and see how good our bread from Sonamarg on 5th May, 1970 which tastes'. The Registrar General obliged and becomes fully accessible only towards the was greatly impressed by the manner in beginning of June, he stopped at a way­ which an illiterate peasant woman in ,IJ., side village near Cherwan where he saw remote village had freely expressed h" some people gathered and having tea in ideas about Census and then cap it by a shop. Approaching them, he asked spontaneous gesture of 'warm' hospitality. whether the Census people had visited the village. He got back the answer X-mas Father 'yes, twice'. The following interesting 26. A little later when he was at conversation followed:- Mansbal, he ·met a bearded old man who R.G. 'do you both live and work looked like an X-mas father. The R. G. here ?' could not resist but exchanging a few 10

words with him. Coming back to his problems have been resolved such as arranging favourite topic, he enquired from the X-Itlas suitable accommodation for our office here as father whether the place had been num­ well as in Jammu. We have established fine rapport with the State Government and District bered. 'It has been' he replied and added Census Officials and Charge Superintendents Cevery place hiS been numbered including individually. Intensive publicity of our pro­ water'. The R. G. was somewhat intri­ grammes has created the necessary amount of gued by this answer but had a hearty Census consciousness among the people in con­ laugh when I explained that the Census sequence of which Census in Jammu and Kashmir is regarded as a nation-building Organisation had put numbers on boats activity of foremost importance. too and that may be what made the old Among the wks relating to the J971 man think that we had been operating Census, editing and sampling of houselillts has on water as weI], been nearly completed while coding ill in prog­ ress. As soon as the machines are received, Inspection of Records we will .tart punching the cards for which the required number of personnel have been 27. Next day he visited the new already trained and are in position. On the Census Office at 19-Karan Nagar. He Social Studies aide, the first 1971 Census Town spent considerable time in examining the Study was brought out recently. Along with houselists and the way they were being it, four studies pertaining to 1961 Census -Badwani, Khanaid, Parole, Kharbu-have also edited. As in Jammu, the record had been completed. Similarly, the delineation of been neatly arranged in pads (marked Standard Urban Area for the cities of Srinagar red for rural and black for urban) each and Jammu after a prolonged controversy has with a separate index of code numbers. been finalised in consultation with the State Later at a staff meeting, the preparations Government and Town & Country Planning Organisation, Government of India. We have for the final phase were reviewed; the put in a lot of effort giving thorough training R. G. promising to pay a visit to Ladakh to our Field Agency in Census terms and during the period of enumeration. procedures and preparing them fully for the final and vital phase of enumeration. I have One Year in Office already informed you about the steps that we have taken to safeguard against non-enumeration 28. On September 5, 1970, I completed or double-enumeration of our nomadic popu­ one year in office as Director of Census lation. Regarding timely supply of Census forms and schedules to all areas, an elaborate arrange­ Operations, Jammu & Kashmir. I thought ment has been worked out. I have DO doubt the occasion fit for sending a brief report that the entire operation will go through to Registrar General about the jobs mnoodUy. . accomplished during this period. The In sending you this brief report about report reads as under:- the work of the Census Organisation, Jammu & Kashmir, for the last one year, I claim no credit for myself-it ill all the result of team­ "Dear Shri Chandra Sekhar, work. Everyone of us takes immense satisfaction I have completed today one year of my term from the fact that we are part of a big as Director of Census Operations, Jammu and national undertaking, guided and inspired by Kashmir. On this occasion, I am glad to be you, to whose success we must contribute able to report to you that the targets let for our very best. the year have been fully achieved. We have With kind regards, successfully concluded house-numbering and house-listing in accessible areas and are now Yours sincerely, in the final stages of enumeration in the non­ Sdl accessible areas. Besides this, quite a few other (J. N. Zutshi)" •

With 'Xmas father' at Manasbal, Sonawari 11

CodiDg expected to complete by 15th December, 1970. But late in September, considering 29. House-numbering and house-listing that population in Jammu and Kashmir in the accessible areas having been con­ is small in size, it was decided that cluded on 28th February, 1970, the tasks coding of houselists and establishment awaiting our attention were as follows. schedules should be done on a 100% Firstly, the schedules prepared by the basis so as to obtain a, complete Census Field Agency during the opera­ picture of the socio-economic conditions tions had to be received and arranged in the State. This resulted in ~me in an orderly manner, then checked and upset to our time-table but with more edited for purposes of coding. One of hands being sanctioned by the Registrar the basic documents yielded this time G~neral, the work of the . section was comprised the notional map. These have not allowed to fall into arrears. been put in specially prepared files for future reference. There is no village, mohalla Mechanical Tab1llatioD or ward in Jammu and Kashmir for which a map has not been prepared by 30. 1971 Census marks a definite the Census Organisation nor any structure advance on previous decennial censuses which has not been marked with' a both in methodology and content. It is number. The quality of these maps has for the first time that resort is being been commented upon separately in had to mechanical tabulation. At the Chapter-VIlI of the Report. Editing of State level, coded data was transferred houselists and establishment schedules on cards with the aid of punching was taken in hand in the middle of machines which was subsequ~t:ltly fed into October, 1970. Common but occasional computer at the Registrar General's Office. mistakes discovered in the houselists are The process guarantees accuracy as well listed below:- as promptness in drawing up tables of i) failure to use abbreviations to the diverse data gathered by the Census indicate presence of more than one Field Agency. Consequently one of the household in a Census house new sections set up during t~e present Census was the Punching Cell at Srinagar ii) entering household particulars in consisting of II Punch Operators. The the case of non-residential houses strength of the Cell was raised to 31 to iii) failure to indicate correctly Census cope with the work of punching about house numbers in the case of a 293,000 additional cards following the building containing multiple Census decision to code the houselists on a 100% houses basis. The machines took several months in transit from Poona \to Srinagar but it These were set right during the course gave us time to train the Punch Ope­ of editing. Using our knowledge of rators thoroughly. That the staff, mostly local conditions, we evolved a set of raw matriculates or under-graduates uniform corrections and coding of the became efficient for their jobs, was due schedules proceeded in right earnest from mainly to the timely help extended to May, 1970. According to initial instruc­ us by Shri S. C. Sharma, Assistant tions, it had to be 20% in the case of Registrar General (Mechanical Tabulation both rural and urban areas which we Unit) in training the staff and equip- 12 ping the section with the required our own simplified version of instructions number of machines. for filling up the Individual Slip, Abridged Houselist and other schedules. Census in Non-s)'Dchronous areas These were written in simple Urdu and 3!. The records from accessible areas made illustrative by prevalent local being taken care of and put under examples and printed in the form of a process, we turned our attention to non­ brochure (Appendix-XXI). synchronous areas (Appendix-XVII) where Census Operations had to be Census of Nomadic Elements completed by 3rd October, 1970 before 33. A problem of some complexity the passes would get snow-bound. As which we were required to deal with before, we pressed the services of our in the non-synchronous areas was the own staff for imparting training directly' accurate count of nomadic elements such to the enumeration agency. In all 63 as gujjars, bakarwals, forest labour etc. training camps were alTanged. Both I Because of the floating character of these and the Deputy Director of Census elements who move with their flocks into Operations tried to be present at as the forests from early May to September many training centres as time and in 'search af pastures, it was feared that circumstances would permit. We made some of them may be missed in the it a point to be available especially at count or enumerated twice when they centres set up in far-flung areas which migrate to warmer regions in winter included Doda, Bhaderwah, Mendhar, months to other parts of the State. The Gurez and Ladakh. Of these, the visit matter was discussed in great detail with to Gurez involved an arduous journey. the State authorities, especially the con­ The Bandipore-Gurez road ascending to cerned Deputy Commissioners and the ~ height of 11586 feet at Rajdhani pass Forest Department. Accordingly a plan can be negotiated only on a 4 x 4 gear. was evolved constituting every forest area But for the difficulty of approach, the into a separate Census Block in charge of Gurez valley with its superb natural a forest official who, for purposes of scenery could prove a big tourist attraction. Census, was placed under the concerned Touring in the snow-bound areas some­ Charge Superintendent. Everyone present times proved a challenge to our physical in these blocks was to be counted in the endurance. This happened when I and normal course along with the inhabitants Gani had to do most of the ascent to of other non-accessible areas of the Bimbergali pass on the way to Mendhar, charge but anyone so counted and on foot, in pouring rain. It was only moving out from a forest block was to some months later when we again did be issued a Certificate of Enumeration this road in a jeep that we realised how to safeguard against the possibility of he impressive had been our earlier performance. or she being counted elsewhere again. The entry under 'last place of residence' Ready Response in the Individual Slip served as an 32. We found everywhere a ready additional check against double enume­ response; the Field Agency traversing ration of any such individual. The fairly long distances to benefit from the measures adopted are detailed in Census instructions imparted. We brought out Circular No. Cen. 23-iv/36l3-38/70 dated 13

4-7-1970 sent to all Charge Superinten­ and Mysore and my itinerary included dents and District Census Officers, re­ visits to Trivandrum and Bangalore. produced at Appendix-XXIII. I may mention here that both the Chief Minister Kerala as Minister-in-Charge of Forests and the 36. During the Conference, I was Chief Secretary wrote - personal demi­ lucky to be put up as a co-lodger with official letters to all concerned to extend Shri T. Vedantam, Director of Census full cooperation to the Census Department Operations, Andhra Pradesh. As we used in taking full and accurate count of to visit the falls together for a bath, we the nomadic population. came to know each other quite intimately and became good friends. Later I drove Succe•• lul Effort along with him and his family to Trivand­ 34. As a result of collective endeavour rum down to Kanyakumari where the put in by various departments and keen last session of the Conference was held. interest evinced by the Chief Conservator They took good care of me showing the best of Forests, the plan evolved by us went that was to be seen in South India. off extremely well causing satisfaction This became a voyage of discovery for all-round. In this connection, some me as I had never been to these parts apprehensions about non-enumeration of before. I returned from the tour quite nomadic population had been expressed by dazed by the sheer bigness of South Indian the now banned Plebiscite Front in a institutions. If one looks at the unique representation made to the Chief Secretary. South-Indian temples alone, one might However, after its Secretary had seen for rightly regard it as an experience of a himself the enumeration of bakarwals and life-time. We in Kashmir consider our­ gujjars in Bhaderwah tehsil, he did not selves fortunate in having been blessed hesitate to acknowledge the efforts made by a kind and bountiful nature but there by the Census Department in this behalf, is no dearth of beautiful spots in South publicly. India as my journey through the lush countryside of Kerala convinced me. What Secoud Director.' Couf'erence they, however, seem to lack is variety. 35. The Second Census Directors' The one predominant shade of colour Conference was held in Courtallam in there appears to be green. Similarly our Tamil Nadu between 18th to 21st June, mountains in Kashmir look real and massive 1970 followed by a one-day session in while theirs appear somewhat frail and shy. Kanyakumari, the confluence of three Same about the trees. They grow in the seas at the farthest southern end of the country. Courtallam turned out to be a South like ladders and without branches refreshing spot and watching the rain-laden of any kind, typical of a tropical climate. clouds escape from the Western Ghats, Rice is the principal crop here but it I was reminded of Gulmarg in Kashmir. appears to grow along with a lot of weeds. Courtallam is famous for its many water­ Nothing like the terraced cultivation in falls where tourists and others bathe Kashmir with rows of plants arranged in night and day. As a. follow-up study, after the deliberations of the Conference attractive goemetrical patterns against the concluded, we toured parts of Kerala back-drop of snow-capped mountains! 14

Hyderabad Director, Shri H. L. Kalla, Tabulation Officer and Masood Ahmed, Statistical 37. I had an opportunity of paying Assistant, in-charge Mapping Section. It a second visit to _ South India, thanks was wise on the part of Masood to have again to Shri Vedantam. An invitation prepared a map of the Leh-SHnagar came from him for me to meet his Urdu­ route _ showing all intermediary stations knowing staff. I went and spent four and passes, along with their altitude. days with him and his colleagues in The easy availability of such a simple Hyderabad. I addressed a large meeting document on a long and arduous journey of enumerators and supervisors in the helps the traveller not only in finding a Corporation Han and met local editors sense of direction but preparing him for and officials doing Census work. the hazards he has to experience on the Some impressions way; additionally it familiarises him with the names of the places situated en route. 38. Although my stay in Hyderabad Needless to say those of us who were was all too brief, I saw enough to be visiting Ladakh for the first time found impressed by the composite culture and the map highly instructive. tolerance of the people. The social, ethnic and religious streams of India all seem A Ladakh Diary to mingle here. The old passes along with the new. If one marvels at the 40. Although I have never been used fading glory of the Golconda fort, one is to keeping a diary, I did on the Ladakh also struck by the tremendous potential tour maintain a record of daily events of the Nagarjuna Sagar dam. If one is from which some excerpts ate reproduced fascinated by seeing the exquisite marble below:- pieces in the Salar Jung Museum, one is 11th September equally delighted by going round the Nehru Zoological gardens-a recent creation. One, There is a alight drizzle as we leave Srinagar, of course, missel the Nizam, the curious bound for Leh. I have never been to this part of the State before. Last time when Gani and bundle of contradictions he was ! I tried to make for Kargil, we had to come back. It was a similar drizzle then and a Registrar General'. Visit to Ladakh bridge near Kulan had got washed away plUJ 39. The operations in the non-synchro­ a bulldozer had got bogged down in mud. nous areas were drawing to a close when It must be raining in Zojila now. Another disappointment in store for us? Well, let us Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, proceed any way...... The paddy fields arc expressed a desire to visit Ladakh to see lush and green. We reach Prang where Teh­ for himself how enumeration of the popu­ aildar of Ganderbal is waiting with a crowd­ lation in such a far-flung and difficult area possibly his enumerators and supervisora. R.G. was being undertaken and whether is. served the traditional Kashmiri salt-tea along WIth green walnuts and maize. He gets busy remoteness and difficult topography of the in inspecting the schedules which the enumera­ district were affecting these operations in tora have brought along. He finds the work up any way. He arrived in Srinagar on II th to the standard. We are all happy about it. September, 1970 and the same day proceeded We rest for the night at Kangan in a bungalow to Kangan and stopped for the night there. belonging to Upper Sind Hydro-Electric Project made available for our use by the courtesy of The party accompanying him included be­ the Chief Engineer...... The drizzle appears sides myself, Shri Abdul Gani, Deputy to have stopped completely. In Cherwan village near Kangan, R. G. tastes a cup qf traditional Kashmiri tea Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General~ India, with Census field staff at R. S. Pora, Jammu. To his right is Shri Sharma, enumerator, with a sling, who broke his arm while on Census duty.

Going round a locality zn Jammu city. Registrar General inspecting Census records In Srinagar Office.

- ..

In Mulbeck, Ladakh. To Registrar General's right lS a Ladakhi female head of the household, which has just been enumerated, posing with her yalk.

At Pandras, Ladakh, going round the village. On his way to Leh, Shri A. Chandra Sekhar checking the work rif enumerators near Lamayaru.

An enumerator filting in individual slips rif a typical Ladakhi family. . Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, India, alongwith Shri Gani DDCO visiting a Gujjar K otha near Sonamarg.

Registrar General alongwith DCO and other census qfjicials at Fatula, the highest point on Leh-Srinagar road.

After checking enumeration work at Remis Gumpa.. Shri A. Chandra Sekhar.. and other census qfjicials with Lamas. Census 4ficials photographed with Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, after inspection of census work at Hemis Gumpa in Ladakh. With him is Shri R.K. Takkar, Deputy Commissioner, Ladakh.

After the aged grand-father, the little ones of the family are counted. 15

12th September: appears never-ending...... There are halts on the way for inspections but it is all dusty and We all Ihave and dress early and are ready barren...... not a blade of graas growing for the day'. joumey which takes UlI to Kargil anywhere...... 5 p. m. : KARGIL. An oasis past the Zojila at an altitude of 11576'. R. G. in a desert, poplars, willows and appricot trees is meanwhile wholly immersed in a discUlilion in profUliion and green paddy fields growing with local inhabitants about flora and fauna up in terraces. We stay for the night in the Dak of the place. He haa alao had a long talk Bungalow. which is alwaya overcrowded••••.•••• with the Chief Engineer about the varioUli The Charge Superintendent introduces his bottle-necks which have delayed the completion Zonal Officers. IUpervison and enumerators. of the project...... We leave Kangan at They in return preaent their records for scrutiny. 8.30 a. m. quite apprehensive about the move­ I make a brief speech...... There are lot ment of convoya. No one can give any precise of mosquitoes here. It is allO quite hot. information about theae convoya lave one piece Sleep comes fitfully...... The effect of the of good advice: take your time not your life. joumey...... dry nose and mouth and a As we begin the aacent to Sonamarg where dull headache ...... we are to be met by Shri S. P. Arora who haa been conducting training centres in Ladakh 13th Septeaaber : for the lut two months, we pass through some We start for Leh and are lOon going on a really superb scenery. However, the R. G. surface which looks like lunar soil; soft, crunchy haa his mind fixed elsewhere. This becomes with lot of little rocks thrown here and there. evident loon aa now and then he asks UlI to Far away there are snow-capped peaks which atop at way-side villages 10 that he might talk shine in the moming light. It all makes it to the gujjar people who reside in this area. look eerie as if we are on a different planet Inevitably he looks for the Census Number on ...... We reach Mulbeck. Nice little village, every odd looking structure aa proof that good vegetation...... R. G. visits a few house­ CensUli boys have been there and in ten cases holds and compares the entries in the Individual out of ten the number is there. I tell R. G. Slips. No mistake at all. In commemoration it i.' quite a surprise to me...... Arora with of this visit, a picture is taken with the his assistant, Yaqub. S. A., join UlI at Sonamarg members of a Buddhist family and everybody from where begins the mystical land of Ladakh. present, including a yak. The journey becomes Both look lun-lanned and happy. We ask really tough aa we do the Namikila pass about the convoya and road. Nothing to fear. (12200'). Range after range of miserable­ We are soon doing the farnoUli Zojila but looking hills comes into view and round and don't feel it at all. Only the driver points round we go like a top...... There is Itill Fotulla to a place here or there saying this is where (13432') to be negotiated ...... We take an abbre- a bUll fell down or so-and-so disappeared in a viated break-faat on the road-side...... Luckily land-slide. At last we are on the top where the opposite convoy just passes through ...... we take pictures and have some tea...... We are greatly relieved and resume the joumey As we proceed further towards Kargil, the restored in body and spirit...... There comea road improves. All round there are mountains Fotulla...... the highest point on this road.•••••..• looking green and pink. The sky is a vast patch I am thrilled by the idea that I am standing of purple blue...... It all lookllike a paint­ firmly on the mother earth at the same ing...... R. G. is a much travelled man but height at which a plane fliea over Banihal ...... saya he has never leen anything 10 majestic Masood with his camera records the event. and stupendous before. We reach Pan Dr.... CenaUli at 14000 feet ...... We ask queations Villagers are busy crushing grain. R. G. checks from passing travellers...... Indeed they have the houselists and Individual Slips of the village. heard about CensUli and been counted in the He finds them in order and pats the concerned village below ...... Descending and going round enumerator and supervisor. We go to the next and round once more, we sight the monastry ltation, Drass, where we stop for lunch. R. G. at Lama Yaru-a cluster of yellow structures meets the local officials and the Charge perching on a sheer c1ifF...... Here the Superintendent. He Bees the records and is mountains take a different shape...... The satisfied with the good quality of work ...... rocks have been cut into Shiva-like images by Mter lunch we are on the road again which the action of winds which blow strong in this 16

area...... Here and there we come acrOll sweeter and more JUICY than in the valley. vegetation, evidence that a lot of money and The tea served is of the traditional Ladakhi effort has gone into afforestation work ...... •• brew, rich and flavoury, sipped in goblets of We reach Khalsi and stop for lunch. The jour­ genuine China-ware...... Dinner with D.C...... ney onward is alongside the azure blue waters Find Mrs. Takkar not only a good host but of Sind. The drive is pleasant and smooth. an accomplished painter...... Talk centres We halt at way-side villages to question the round the current Census Operations, socio­ Census officials and examine their records. economic changes in Ladakh, Tibetan refugees The R. G. finds everything in order and ex­ and Sai Baba...... Takkar is a popular presses appreciation...... We are in LEH figure round here...... He predicts planes (11555') at about 6 p. m. and go Itraight to will fly in tomorrow...... There is cer­ the Dak BWlgalow where the Charge Super­ tainly a lot of mYlticism in him and I have intendent of Leh along with his supervisors already begun regarding him a Kushak ...... has been waiting for us. Soon Mr. Takkar, We wait hopefully for the morning. Deputy Commissioner, with Mr. Tyabji, his intelligent and energetic deputy come to 15th September I call personally and carry a long conversation with R. G. Fatigued and a little rattled by There is lome rain during the night, the first the long journey, we call it a day. of the season .. ,...... R. G's visit prove. aUS­ picious. It is cool and refreshing and I go into a deep slumber without the aid of a 14th September : sleeping pill. At crack of dawn I look outside the window but find the sky over-calt. No The engagements start with R. G. meeting the hope of a plane coming. Depressed, I sleep Census officials and examining their records. again. However, at about 7 O'clock I here Later, accompanied by the concerne~ supervisor the drone of a plane. I shave and dreu and enunlerator, he visits a Buddhist household quickly. Meanwhile, the D. C. calls me out in the Gumpa village. The head of the and we both rush to the Airport in his jeep. household, an old and grissly man, greets 'KltBhak you are right about the weather', him with the traditional Buddhist salutation: I tell him as both R. G. and I board a waiting juk.1" When told that we have come to enume- CN-12 at the Leh air-field bound for Delhi. rate him and his family, he expresses no The rest of the company starts for Srinagar by surprise as earlier the local patwari, has come· road. and numbered his house and taken the count of his people for the houselist. Patiently, the enumerator begins asking him questions to A few days later, I received the make entries in the Individual Slip. Mean­ following letter from Registrar General while, his daughter-in-law with the sweetness about his impressions of enumeration work which comes naturally to Ladakhis serves. tea in Ladakh:- and biscuits to the distinguished guests. Enume­ ration of the family over, we return to the "My dear Zutslti, Dak Bungalow to go to Hemis in the after­ noon. The R. G. is impressed with the questions It is hardly necessary for me to repeat asked and speaks highly of the quality of training how gratified I feel about the eJ:cellent quality imparted...... At Hemis after inspecting of the census work in Ladakh district that we house-numbers and going through records, a just saw. I fully appreciate the great pains special prayer recitation is arranged for the that the dedicated workers like Abdul Gani, party in the main temple...... The sound of Arora and Kalla had taken in the imparting old and rusty instruments flows out in a strange of intensive training and supervision of work melody...... The evening is spent in the in the most remote areas of your State. I house of Mr. Kaloon, ODe-time a Icion of also realise the amount of trouble that your­ Ladakhi nobility, but now turned farmer and self and all your colleagues, and particularly, doing well on his farm. Here we see raddishes, Shri Yaqub and Shri Masood took to make my potatoes, cabbages grown to an enormous tour comfortable and fruitful despite the trying lize...... Apples and appricots there are too, circumstances. Let me not forget the driver of DCO with training instructors before the start of the final stage of the Ce,nsus Operations (L to R) Sitting-B. L. Tiku, J. K. Nanda, S. P. Arora, B. L. Bhan, C. L. Chehra, G. M. Din Standing-M. T. Shawl, S. M. Taqub_. P. K; Khosa, G. M. Butt, M. A.min, C. L. Chowdhary, J. N.

Census Officials ready to start from Census headquarters for final check of enumeration. Charge Supdt, Shopiyan leading DDCO, Shri Gani and enumerators for a spot check in a snow-bound block.

DDCO, Shri Gani cross-checking an Individual Slip with a woman respondent.

DCa on spot check inspection in a locality in Shopiyan town. DCO addressing enumerators at R. S. Pora, Jammu. DCO with Deputy Commissioner, Kathua and other Census Officials at a training centre in Kathua. Training Instructor: Shri B. L. Bhan

Training in progr3ss in Udhampur Training Instructor-Shri B. L. Tiku 17

your jeep and also the peon who accompanied was made by the trainers themselves in us, who were so very dutiful and faithful through­ a training course held in my office. out. I must congratulate you on the fine team The discussions that followed took into of men you have and the imaginative leader­ ship you have been providing. I once again account every possible example that they wish the census of your State every success. would have to confront in the field. Particular note was taken of the fact that Kind regards, during the current Census a number of important questions relating to fertility, Yours sincerely, last place of residence, educational level Sdl and secondary work had been added in the A. CHANDRA SEKHAR" Individual Slip for the purpose of drawing a comprehensive picture,ofthe demographic, Enumeration in SynchroDous Areas social and economic characteristics of the 41. We began preparation for general population. The training instructors were population count from lst October, 1970 told to lay special stress on the proper in synchronous areas. To begin with, as identification of full-time workers and ensure usual, teams were selected from amongst that according to the purport of the revised our own staff for imparting instructions definition of 1971 Census of economically to the Census Field Agency in the Kashmir active elements of the population, marginal region. The teams consisted of the workers such as those of the house-wives, following :- students etc., who are primarily non-workers but are engaged in economic activity of 1. Shri S. P. Arora, Investigator, assisted only a marginal type are not included as by Shri C. U. Chowdhry, Computor workers, but returned as non-workers doing 2. Shri H. L. Kalla, Tabulation Officer, secondary work. In view of the important assisted by Shri G. M. Bhat, Computor implications of this question, it was again elaborated in detail although it had been 3. Shri B. L. Bhan, Tabulation Officer, sufficiently spelled out while embarking on assisted by Shri Bashir Ahmed, the training programme of Census enumera­ Statistical Assistant tion in the snow-bound areas. At the 4. Shri C. L. Chehra, Tabulation Officer, conclusion of this intensive training, equipped assisted by Shri Abdul Hamid Hakim, with training forms, written instructions Statistical Assistant etc., the teams left in various directions to take classes at 54 centres set up in 5. Shri G. M. Din, Tabulation Officer, different parts of the valley. Altogether assisted by Shri Abdul Jabar, 4,125 enumerators, supervisors, Zonal Statistical Assistant Officers and Charge Superintendents attended these classes. The number does 6. Shri A. M. Kalloo, S.B.I., assisted by not include those who, for the sake of Shri G. A. Baigh, S~atistical Assistant administrative convenience, were trained along with the Census Field Agency for OrientatioD Course the snow-bound areas. I and Abdul Gani 42. So that, while discussing the various visited most of the centres and had an particulars of the Individual Slip at the opportunity of addressing - tbe enume­ training centres, no important point is rators and discussing with them the missed, a thorough study of each entry significance as well as the object of various 18

Census schedules. These efforts on our the enumerator in a month's time. To part to establish a direct link with the save wastage of Individual Slips, it was basic field worker were highly rewarding. decided to round off the totals downwards to digits divisible by 10. To take the Training In Jammu instance of Tullamulla village, the require­ 43. Our teams moved to Jammu in ments were worked out as follows:- early part of December to start training Houselist 3% 10% Total Pads issued there. 42 training centres were arranged population increase reserve slips r- __A. __ """" and 2,673 enumerators, supervisors, Zonal required 100 25 slip slip Officers and Charge Superintendents pads pads attended the classes. The implementation of the programme of training was greatly facilitated by the presence in Jammu of a 3,297 99 340 3,736 35 9 fulfledged Assistant Director, Census Operations, Shri J. C. Kalra, who joined This sample table indicates the basis this department towards the end of August, adopted by us for ensuring proper and 1970. Besides conducting some classes even distribution of Census forms and himself, he visited various centres to schedules to the workers at the field level, ensure that supply of essential Census docu­ consistent with actual requirements. The ments was adequate and readily available for responsibility for working out each distribution among the enumeration agency. enumerator's requirements, timely supply As usual, I or the Deputy Difector, were and distribution of Census schedules was present and guided the conduct of the entrusted to S/Shri C.L. Chehra, Tabulation training in most of the centres in the Officer and Mohammed Yousuf, Statistical Jammu region. The response everywhere Assistant, who did commendable work was encouraging. during the entire course of the 1971 operations. Supply and Distribution or Census Schedules Census Campaiga 44. Even before the training programme 45. On the eve of conduct of enumeration, was started, we realised that the success an intensive campaign was started through of this most important stage of Census Radio and newspapers to educate the would depend largely on the timely supply public so as to elicit their active participation and distribution of Individual Slips, Daily in it. The campaign was kept up throughout Posting Statements, Population Record forms the enumeration period. In addition to and Abridged Houselists etc., to the Census regular broadcasts from Jammu and Sri nagar Field Agency, more so in Kashmir, where Radio Stations, notices and advertisements the rigours of winter would bring about in papers, posters, hand-bills and cinema considerable restriction in movement. Hence, slides, films pr~pared specially by the right from October, 1970, we began Films Division of Government of India calculating the requirements of each on the subject were exhibited extensively enumerator for each such item and were throughout the State by the courtesy of ready to despatch the schedules first to State Information Department and Field the Tehsil headquarter, thence to Zonal Publicity Organisation of Government of Officers and supervisors and onward to India. The impact of the campaign was 19 ascertained by me and my colleagues by Operations expressed themselves in favour spot enquiries from the people at large. of pre-poning the Reference Date to 20th February, 1971 and this was accordingly Identity Cards announced by the Registrar General. 46. We decided to issue an identity The Chief Electoral Officers of the States, card to every Census worker to be shown however, did not find favour with the by him, wherever necessary, to establish proposed change of dates since they felt his credentials. Printed in red and blue that there would be difficulties in con­ (red for enumerators, blue for supervisory ducting ele,ctions according to the approved staff) with the all-India Census Emblem programme in February-March, 1971 if showing prominently, the card became an the district administration would at the attraction for everybody; some workers same time be busy with Census work. have preserved it as a memento of 1971 On further consultation with the Election Census (Appendix-XXIV). Similarly, we Commission, Government of India, the supplied to every District Census Officer Registrar General, therefore, notified the and Charge Superintendent an Engagement revised Reference Date for the 1971 Census as April I, 1971 ; enumeration to begin from Calendar showing important dates for 10th March, with three days for revisional conduct ofthe operations (Appendix-XXV). round from April 1 to April 3, 1971. This required, on our part, starting lot Mid-tenD PoD of things all over again such as training 47. The stage was thus all set for the and publicity. This was easy but it enumeration to begin on 10th of February, became rather difficult to sustain the tempo of thousands of enumerators as well as 1971 as originally scheduled but the the people over an extended term of dissolution of the Lok Sabha on 27th several weeks. Even so, it is gratifying to December, 1970 necessitating mid-term note, the Census field machinery at all elections, caused a big up-set to the levels, proved equal to the task. Census programme. The Census people, as Public Response a lot, do not mind working in difficulties 48. The Census enumeration started of all sorts but the situation which we in right earnest on 10th March, 1971 as now had now to face had no parallel in the scheduled. From the enumeration agency, past. Almost immediately Census became encouraging reports began flowing in a secondary issue and public in terest in it from almost all the areas about the which we had done so much to rouse, keen interest evinced by people at large. The warm welcome accorded to enu­ slumped. More. Majority of officers who merators and the willing manner in which had been assigned the role of kingpins in replies were given by the respondents the operations such as Deputy Commissioners, created a congenial atmosphere for the field Block Development Officers, Tehsildars operations to be carried out successfully. etc., were shifted from Census work to Even so, we made it a point to see for ourselves whether the enumerators various election duties. The announcement were not facing any difficulties and of poll dates by the Chief Election whether the enumeration work was Commissioner synchronously with Census being done in strict conformity with dates only aggravated the complexity of the instructions imparted. An in­ the problem. It became clear that the tensive field check was, therefore, carried out. An itinerary of the tours conducted Census Calendar must be revised and a by me during the enumeration period decision taken quickly in the matter. and earlier at the houselisting phase, is Almost all the Directors of Census given at Appendix-XXIX. 20

Complaints except for two cases, it was found that the persons had actually been enumerated. 49. As enumeration was progressing The remaining two cases in which the com­ smoothly, a complaint was received from plaint of non-enumeration was found to be Kishtwar that contrary to instructions, genuine, were accounted for during the enumerators in a few cases had not revisional round. entered the mother-tongue as returned by the respondents. In the Jammu city, similarly, a complaint was made by one Enumeration Concluded of the leaders of the Jain community 50. Census enumeration including the that Jains were being wrongly classified revisional round was completed on 3rd as Hindus. These allegations, on exami­ April, 1971 as per schedule. From all nation, were found to be based on a accounts, the implementation of the pro­ misunderstanding. However, it perturbed gramme was full and thorough. Not only us a great deal when we learnt that had no pains been spared by the enume­ certain pockets in Jammu and Srinagar ration agency to count every individual cities had been left unattended to by alive on the reference date but special the concerned enumerators till as late as care taken to enumerate, without omission 22nd March, 1971. We swung into action or overlapping, such floating elements as immediately and got these pockets covered boat-men, nomads and house-less individuals. fully by members of our own staff in In this connection, the spirit and enthusiasm both places. This did -not, however, ill shown by District Census Officers and any way end our worries since stray and Charge Superintendents deserves special isolated cases of non-enumeration continued mention. It gave' me immense pleasure to be reported from here and there. to learn that at several district and tehsil Fortunately, the number of such cases headquarters, lights had kept burning on did not exceed a dozen or so. I must the night of 2nd/3rd April, 1971 as the admit that when I came to know that officers concerned were busy making a no less a person than the Chief Secretary final round of inspection and looking into of the State had been left uncounted, I any last-minute lapses. Telegrams contain­ felt badly let down. Happily, on enquiry ing provisional figures from the District into the matter, it was found that while Census Officers began arriving in Registrar his particulars had been entered in the General's Office, with copies endorsed to Individual Slip as well as the Population me, on 4th April, 1971 from early hours Record and the Daily Posting Statement, (Appendix-XXX). The most important these had not been obtained by the phase of our programme thus ended sooner enumerator from him directly. I must than the permissible date-7th April, 1971 say that on finding out that he had prescribed by the Registrar General. We already been accounted for in the Census were thus among the first two States, records, the Chief Secretary was kind the other being Andhra Pradesh, to con­ enough to send me a reassuring note vey the provisional Census results to the . which is reproduced at Appendix-XXXI. Registrar General's Office. This was The other individual instances of alleged non-enumeration although pertaining to acclaimed by the Registrar General vide persons of ordinary status in life were his telegram dated 5th April, 1971, reprodu­ also taken up equally seriously and ced below:- The Chiif Minister~ Shri G. M. Sadiq, going through the entries oj his Individual Slip which DCO is explaining Census Officials call on the Chief Minister, Mr. G. M. Sadiq, at his residence in Jammu to enumerate the members of his household. Later the Chief Minister autographed the picture Census records being checked by Director of Census Operations at Doda. With him are Charge Superintendent and Zonal Officers.

Deputy Commissioner, Baramulla, Shri Rizvi, on a revisional round of the town. With him is Shri A. M. Kaloo, Training Instructor. Dca with Shri Parmanand, Deputy Commissioner, Dada, cross-cheching Individual Slips with EDPS.

Last-minute check rif new census houses at the enumeration stage

Shri H. U. Kamili former sca being hosted by Census Recreation Club at Census Headquarters. nDCO with Census tdJicials going round for .final check in a crowdeu locality if city

A respondent says ~we are quite happy with the work of the Census qfficials'

On the night of 2 /3 April~ DCO with Census qfficials on revisional round in the Dal Lake area, Srinagar DCO wjth Mr. Siraj-ud-Din~ Charge Superintendent, Srinagar Municipality, on revisional round in Srinagar on the night of 2/3 April, 1971 21

"KASHCENSUS of the reaulta clearly reveal the amount of care SRINAGAR aDd .ttention to deW! thIIt has been given to every aspect of cemus work in your State. My ZUTSHI FROM CHANDRA SEKHAR heartiul congratulations aDd with every good wiJh Cor the IUcceas of the Curther stages of (.) MY HEARTIEST CONGRATULA­ census work. TIONS TO YOU AND YOUR COLLEA. GUES AND TO ALL THE CENSUS Yours sincerely, 'OFFICERS IN THE DISTRICTS ON Sdl YOUR STATE BEING AMONG THE A. CHANDRA SEKHAR" EARLIEST TO COMMUNICATE THE PROVISIONAL POPULATION Nature of VOIaDtary Work FIGURES 52. Traditionally the Indian Census has REGGENLIND" been a voluntary effort. Because over a million enumerators are needed to put I would also wish to add that I and my col­ through the operation, even a token leagues felt greatly rewarded when soon after amount paid as enumerator's honorarium the conclusion of the Census enumeration, will add up to a huge total. However, we received messages of appreciation and keeping in view the fact that the congratulations from the State Governor, enumeration agency consists mostly of Shri Bhagwan Sahay, and the Chief Minis­ low.paid teachers and patwaris, an amount ter, Shri G. M. Sadiq, which have been of Rs. 20/. per head was paid to the published in the beginning of this report. enumerators during the 1961 Census to Release of Provl.ioDal Reaalts enable them to meet out-of·pocket expenses. The rate was doubled during the cutTent 51. With the receipt of the first set of Census. However, this in no way altered provisional figures regarding sex-wise the voluntary nature of Census work, population and literacy from all C~nsus since the amount paid even now was Charges by the evening of 4·4·1971, no nominal, considering the magnitude and time was lost in processing and ta bulating spread of work involved. them for each iehsil and district for immediate release to the press. Fuller. Coat of EIlumeratioa details regarding rural and urban com· position of population and its distribution 53. The cost of enumeration worked by industrial categories were received a out for the 1961 Census stood as 3.34 paise few days later. The data after being duly per head of population. This was processed and analysed was presented in calculated by taking into account the our first publication entitled Paper I of amount paid as honoraria to the Census 1971 Census which was commended by Enumeration Agency from the district to the Registrar General vide his d. o. letter the enumerator's level. Adopting the No.91120/70.CTU(CEN) dated April 29, same basis of calculation for the current 1971, reproduced below:- Census, the cost of enumeration works out at 6 paise per head of population. I "My dear Zutshi, feel, however, that in working out the cost on a realistic basis, the expenditure Let me tell you how delighted I am to receive your Paper I of 1971. The excellence under both the account heads "B-Enume­ of the puhlicatiOll and the critical aDalyJia ration" for 1970-71 and 1971·72 and 22

"A-Superintendence" for 1969-70 and of population in far-flung areas. In 1970-71 should be added. Comparing the this connection, the department met COlts of 1961 and 1971 Census on this part of the expenditure on carriage reckoning. the incidence of expenditure on of forms to these areas. In the case enumeration per head stilnds at 16 for of Ladakh, Bodhi and Balti-knowing the current Census as against 7 paise staff was recruited locally to for 1961 Census. From among the factors facilitate enumeration in that region. contributing to this relatively higher Similar steps were introduced for incidence in 1971, mention may be made accurate count of popUlation living of the following:- on the fringes and islets of Dal Lake and other water-bound areas a) The rate of honorarium payable to which included provision of boats enumerators and supervisors waS for Census Field Agency enhanced from Rs. 20/- per head in 1961 to Rs. 4:0/- per head in 1971 h) Orientation Courses for Census staff from Tehsil and District Census b) Consequent upon the creation of one Offices were arranged in Jammu district and 12 new tehsils during and Srinagar from 16th to 18th the inter-censal period, the number of November, 1970 and from 3rd to districts and Census charges went up 5th December, 1970 respectively. from 9 and 32 in 1961 to 10 and This entailed expenditure in the 53 in 1971 respectively shape of T. A. and D. A. c) The Census Organi.ation had to hire i) Similarly, honoraria was paid for the its own buildings at a handsome first time to the enumeration rental since free Government agency in the Cantonment areas accommodation was not available as of Jammu .and Srinagar. in 1961 The detailed budget from 1968-69 to d) During the operation., our staff 1971-72 is given in the schedule at was frequently on tour. This was Appendix-XXXIV of this report. considered necesSary to ensure Grant of Award. thorough training of enumeration 54. Selecting Census personnel for grant agency and effective inspection of of a wards - silver or bronze medals or work in the field certificates of merit - in recognition of the good work they have done during the e) Although the State Government operations is not such an easy job as it placed a number of vehicles at our looks. One may, of course, rely wholly disposal for the above purpose, we on the recommendations of the District had nevertheless to pay for POL Census Officers and Charge Superintendents in this matter and yet not feel sure from our own budget whether a deserving worker has not been f) Grant of interim relief to Central left out from the recommended list. So. definite criteria must be laid down for Government employees from 1.3.1970 judging good performance of workers at and higher rates of D. A. with each level e.g., in the case of an enumerator, effect from 1.1.1971 the qualifying standards prescribed by us comprised: close familiarity with his block. g) Special steps were taken during the regular attendance in training class, clear 1971 Census for thorough enumeration grasp of instructions, thoroughness and 23 accuracy in 'filling Census, schedules a Census House within which, on two and timely submission of records. sides of a Chinar leaf, two figures, male Keeping these criteria in view, the Charge and female. are seen standing. The Superintendents were instructed to rank Chinar is !oymbolic of Kashmir. The the field workers as AA(very good), ten-edge points of the leaf denote the A(good), BB(above average), B(average) and decennial periodicity of Census. The dotted C(below standard) on the basis of their wheal containing the Census House individual performance at each stage of represents industry. However, when the' the operations. I am glad to say that in matter came up for discussion in the the recommendations received from District Directors' Conference at Courtallam, the Census Officers and Charge Superintendents, concensus was in favour of adopting a few cases of Band C categories were single all-India Census Emblem for all reported during the current Census. 1 States which is reproduced in may add that the State Government agreed Appendix-XX. readily to our request that an entry be ii) CeDsus RecreatioD Club: made in the s~vice record of personnel 56. A word about our extra-curricular engaged on Census duty for their good activities: 'There's time to work and time performance (Appendix-X). The question to play', goes the adage. Some will, how­ of granting advance increments or out-of­ ever, argue that a good Census Officer turn promotions in deserving cases for is he who looks crushed under the weight outstanding performance is under conside­ of his responsibility, is devoid of any ration of the State authorities. As selection sense of humour and drives himself as well of persons qualifying for grant of awards as his staff in the manner of a machine was likely to take time, I sent a personal without rest or respite. I d.iffer. Undoub­ letter of appreciation to the enumeration tedly, Census is a serious undertaking agency individually immediately on receipt calling for lot of hard work. But that is of records from them (Appendix-XXXIII) hardly a reason why those engaged in it as an earnest of appreciation to follow. should pass their time in drudgery with­ MiscellaDeous Matters out relaxation of any kind. So, from the very outset, I took keen interest in build­ i) CeDsus Emblem: ing a Census Recreation Club for our 55. Before this report was written, I staff. Thanks to the enthusiasm and had an occasion to go through some of resourcefulness of S/Shri H. L. Kalla, the reports of Andhra Pradesh pertaining G. M. Din, Syed Asghar, Maharaj Krishen to 1961 Census written by Shri A. Chandra and Masood Ahmed, the Club soon got Sekhar, the present Registrar General, who on its feet and began throwing and was then working as S. C. O. in that accepting challenges to and from teams State. I found these highly absorbing and of other Central Departments in badminton not like the usual inventory of dry and and volley-ball. The results proved dis­ meatless statistics which most such reports appointing but the practice was kept up. are. The idea of designing a Census We have added foot-ball to out-door games. Emblem for Jammu and Kashmir~ I On rainy days, we have in-door games borrowed from his Administration Report. like carrom and chess. Unfortunately, The suggested emblem published in we are too crowded in our present premises Appendix-XIX of this report consists of and the Club feels handicapped due to 24 lack of sufficient space. But the spirit of assignment. Likewise, Shri Girdhari Lal teamship has been built both within and Dogra, my former Minister also wrote a outside the office. This is having a good few lines in appreciation of my WOl"k in effect on the administration. the Information Department. It 1s not by AdmowledgemeDts way of self-advertisement that I have 57. As I conclude these remarks, I taken the liberty of reproducing their wish to acknowledge gratefully the valuable remarks in Appendix-VI & IV of this report; assistance rendered to us by the State the fact is that all along I have been at Government on all occasions. I could and the Census job, these have served me as did walk into the Chief Secretary's Office at any time with my problems. a precious stock-in-trade. Let me also The attitude of other Secretaries to Govern­ mention that my task became much easy as a ment and Heads of Departments was result of the constant help extended to me by equally considerate and helpful. To the almost everyone at the R. G's headquarters. Chief Minister, Shri G. M. Sadiq, we owe I benefitted greatly from the able special gratitude for commending the Census programme wherever he had an occasion guidance of Shri K.. D. Ballal, I.A.S., to address meetings of top State officials. Deputy Registrar General of India. I feel It was particularly kind of him to send me, indebted to Shri K. K. Chakravorty, soon after my appointment as Director Central Tabulation Officer, for the of Census Operations,Jammu-and Kashmir, prompt manner in which he arranged our his autographed photograph with a brief various requirements. letter wishing me success in my Dew CHAPTER II

CENSUS PRE-TESTS" CONFERENCES

Census Pre-test. a seminar held in Delhi in May, 1967 at The Census Pre-test constitutes an the instance of Registrar General had been important exercise for the smooth conduct pre-tested in 20 representative localities of these operations. It is during a pre-test of the State in November, 1967. On the that an S. C. O. for the first time comes basis of the first pre-test reports, the to grips with the problem. On the basis Registrar General evolved the following of the experience obtained from the field, revised set of draft schedules after detailed he finds himself in an advantageous posi­ discussions with various experts and Census tion not only in the matter of calculating data users:- what should be the convenient work-load I. i) Houselist of the basic Census worker viz; the ii) Establishment Schedule Enumerator, but also whether the entries 2. i) Individual Slip in the draft Census schedules can be ii) Household form to be filled in easily comprehended and replied to by 10% sample areas. This had four the respondents. The pre-tests, besides, different blocks providing for :- help in building the right psychological (a) Population record of the atmosphere for the subsequent operations. household Similarly, it is only through a pre-test that (b) Housing amenities an S. C. O. is able to determine the quality of performance of each type of (c) Fertility data enumeration. He thus acquires a fair (d) Information on Family Plan­ knowledge of the size and nature of the ning problem. For these reasons, the Census These schedules have been reproduced pre-test is rightly regarded as an essential at Appendix-XIII. pre-requisite for a reliable and efficient Census. Second Pre-test 3. The second pre-test was conducted Conduct of Pre-test. by my office in 13 representative localities-5 2. Since I was somewhat late in Rural and 8 Urban-in the three districts joining the Census Organisation, it was of Srinagar, Baramulla and Jammu covering left to the Census Office under SfShri about a population of 8,500. Unlike the H. U. Kamili, my predecessor and Abdul first, this pretest was conducted much Gani, present Deputy Director, who held the more thoroughly, preceded by intensive charge of the office temporarily, to initiate training of the field staff. The schedules certain preparatory measures as out-lined and instructions to be used by the enume­ in the Registrar General's Circular No. 1 ration agency had been prepared in on the 1971 Census which included taking Urdu and the field work was closely of two Census pre-tests. The first set of supervised. This had been done to find draft schedules which had been evolved at out how far the questionnaires as drafted 26 could be put across and reliable answers Organisation directly from the municipal obtained and to see if the instructions were or other local administrative bodies. relevant, adequate and comprehensible. (iii) Information on total fertility need not be collected and it may b. adequate to First Census Conference have information on current fertility only which can be had by adding a 4. The first Census Conference of the couple of limple questions to the Indivi­ Directors of Census Operations had been dual Slip itself to be asked of the held, three months before I took over, currently married females. These questions at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, between will be: 16th to 25th May, 1969 to finalise the (a) Age at marriage, and schedules and formulate the procedures (b) If any live birth in the last one year and calendar of work for the 1971 Census. (iv) The decisions at (ii) and (iii) above The inaugural address of the Home render it unnecessary to have any Minister has been reproduced in Appen­ separate sample area enumeration. dix-XIV. The Census concepts and schedules However, the Population Record may be filled in sample areas. The sampling decided upon in the Conference were design for this will be simpler and the subjected to further changes as a result whole villages may be taken for this of the discussions with the Planning purpose. The Population Record will Commission. The Registrar General's d. o. be useful for generating tables on letter No.9/3/69-CTU dated 27-5-1969 composition of households and it will also serve aa a useful frame for post explaining these changes is reproduced enumeration check or other types of below:- surveys.

"My dear Gani, (v) Since the definition of work at the 1961 Census as also perhaps the one proposed I make haste to write to you to keep for the 1971 Census led to a large you informed of certain basic changes in the section of house-wives and students etc., questionnaires and the procedures for the 1971 being treated on par with whole time Census which were decided upon after a full workers even though their contribution discussion with the Planning Commission on the to economic activity was marginal, it 24th May, 1969 presided over by the Deputy Chairman, Dr. D. R. Gadgil. I am happy was felt necessary that the 1971 concept ahould distinguish them for full-time that the decisions arrived at, take off much workers and their economic activity of the load on the 1971 Census and make it ahould ,be brought under the category of operationally more convenient. The following secondary work only and for their main are the main changes decided upon:- activity they should be treated as (i) The items below, originally propOied housewives or students as the case may to be collected through the Houselist be. will be given up: (a) Age of th~ Census House (vi) Consequent on the decision at (v) the question 'If studying now' in the (b) Material of Floor Individual Slip becomes superfluous. (c) ReasoDS for vacancy, and (d) Information on Deaf and Dumb (vii) The Individual Slip will be further simplified by (ii) The questionnaire on household amenities (a) Excluding the question on 'Nation­ proposed through the Household Form ality'; and need not be canvaued. These items of information which may be largely (b) Recordinr only one educational level meaningful for urban areas will be instead of treating general and collected by the National BuildiDp technical separately, the technical 27

educational level' being- giv~ Kindly acknowledge' receipt of -this preference where both are considered letter. equivalent. Yours sincerely, My only regret is that these decisions ad. were not taken earlier than the date of our Census Conference. We would have saved A. CHANDRA SEKHAR" ourselves of much of the time we spent on discussing certain items as sampling procedures The schedules as finally adopted were :­ and a few concepts which are now rendered superfluous. However, I was very happy at i) Houselist the very detailed, well-informed and useful ii) Establishment Schedule discussion we have had at the Census Conference which helped all of us to appreciate fully the iii) Individual Slip and intricacies of the Census procedures. The iv) Population Record present decisions communicated in this letter are undoubtedly welcome and will make for more The schedules along with the instruc­ convenient census-taking. The vexed and tions for filling them as received from somewhat difficult problem of sampling at enumeration stage and the recruitment and the Registrar General's Office have been training of a separate set of enumerators is reproduced at ~ppendix-XXII. The Urdu now obviated. We shan have only uniform version was prepared in our own office training for all enumerators. The filling in of which was also used for the Urdu-knowing Population Record in certain villages selected section of the enumeration agency of the for the purpose would hardly call for any specialised training. You will be informed in States of Delhi and Andhra Pradesh. due course how these villages are to be selected probably on the basis of stratification of Second Census Conference villages by population size. All that would 5. The Second Census Conference appear necessary is to issue the Population Record books with a short covering note of was held in Courtallam between 18th to instructions to the enumerators censusing those 22nd June, 1970. The subjects discussed villages to say that they have to copy out in this Conference related mainly to i) certain particulars of the Individual Slip on Review of houselisting operations, ii) Finali­ to the Population Record at the end of each zation of the Tabulation Plan for 1971 day. It may now be possible to have a unifonn size of the enumerator's block Census, iii) Compilation of Village and throughout the country, each covering a Town Directories/District Census Hand­ population of 750 on the average. Small books, iv) Consideration of the Publication villages that are remote even if they are of programme of the 1971 Census, v) Printing smaller popUlation size may have to be in of the Individual Slips, Instruction Booklets charge of separate enumerators. and other ancillary schedules for the main I shall be sending you soon the final Census, vi) Review of progress in the schedules as revised. You will have to work setting up of Coding & Punching Cells, out the translated versions and keep them vii) Setting up of Regional Tabulation ready. As far as the Houselist is concerned, Offices for manual sorting and finalization I presume that you would have heard from of the steps for the sorting of P.C.A., Shri Ballal to provide the translations in regional languages to fit into the spacing of mother-tongue and religion data, viii) the revised heading columns. Publicity for the main Census enumeration, ix) Administrative problems relating to If you have any questions on any of the points in this letter you may please write above subjects and x) Preparation of to me. District and Tehsil maps. The discussions 28 proved extremely useful providing a clear scholars and experts on applied mathe­ direction for the tasks lying ahead. matics, sampling and demography besides seminars on 1971 Census, measure concepts, Special Skill. definition and methodology, their efficacy 6. The Census Operations are becoming and limitations etc. more and more technical and intricate. Trailling Seminars To keep up with the needs of increasing sophistication, the Census Organisation has 7. The first training seminar was to acquire adequate skills to fulfil its held for a period of 2 weeks at tasks. In full realization of this fact, a Bangalore in July, 1969 for the Deputy new feature introduced by the Registrar DCOs and Assistant DCOs. This was General in furtherence of the 1971 Census followed by a similar one week programme programme was to organise training camps for DCOs in September, 1969 at for the DCOs, Deputy/Assistant DCOs Darjeeling. The last one was held for and T. Os. This was intended to give a the TOs for a period of two weeks in basic grounding to the officers of the State November, 1969 at Chandigarh. The semi­ Census Organisations in demography and sta­ nars proved useful besides providing an tistics as also to ensure uniformity in under­ opportunity to officers to get together aond standing and application of Census concepts. crystallise their ideas on various aspects of The training included lectures by prominent the Census programme. CHAPTER III

MAPPING

Dista:ict & Tehsil Maps the State Government not to give effect As rightly stressed by the Registrar to any changes in the jurisdiction of any General in his first circular issued under district, tehsil, town or village after his d. o. letter No. 37/10/68-RG dated 31.12.1969 uptil the conclusion of Census 12.12.1968, the first task to be taken up Operations (Appendix-XII). Lot of con­ by us was to build up District and fusion resulting from frequent jurisdictional Tehsil maps as per the latest jur~sdiction, changes was thus avoided. Since the indicating the boundaries of all adminis­ boundaries of each administrative unit trative units down to the village so that were now firmly set and delineated, the Census charges and circles could be allotment of location code numbers to easily demarcated for ensuring complete each such unit was found an easy job. coverage. We had already in our posses­ Similarly, fixing the jurisdiction of Census sion maps prepared at the last Census on a Officers without overlapping or omissions scale of 1"=1 mile or 1"'=4 miles. However, was facilitated. The staff strength with in the intervening period one new District which this voluminous work was initiated and 11 new Tehsils had been carved consisted only of two draftsmen in the out. But no attempt been made to bring scale of Rs. 150-240. The strength was the maps up-to-date incorporating these . raised gradually and the Mapping Section changes in area and jurisdiction. A as now constituted comprises the following :- substantial anrount of original work had, therefore, to be done by the Census 1. Cartographer (Rs. 325-475) - Office, in consultation with the Tehsildars, to determine the correct list of villages 2. Statistical Assistant constituting the Tehsils. A proof copy of (Rs. 210-425) = I the map of each Tehsil so drawn out was 3. Draftsmen (Rs. 150-240) - 3 sent to the Tehsildar concerned for physi­ 4. Computor (Rs. 150-300) = 1 cal verification on ground of the boundaries of each village in the Tehsil. Simulta­ 5. Ferro-operator (Rs. 1 ~0-200) = I neously a freeze order was obtained from 6. Helper (Rs. 70-85) - I CHAPTER IV

PREPARATORY MEASURES

PUDctiow Ullits up-to. date, the job of delineation of blocks. The first step for organising Census circles and charges did not present any Operations was to split the State into difficulty. Altogether 6,378 blocks, 1,338 convenient functional units technically circles and 314 zones were consti­ called blocks, circles and charges for this tuted. Since certain areas of the State purpose. Care was taken that these become snow-bound between the months should conform, as far as possible, to of October to June. these were declared existing administrative jurisdictions. The inaccessible or non-synchronous and latest territorial changes were carefully reserved for separate treatment during taken into account. As explained in the the hot weather. The following table previous Chapter, after referring to Census gives the geographical names of the units maps which had been meanwhile brought carved out:-

Name of State/ Name of No. of circles No. of blocks No. of zones No. of villages ProvinceJ Charges ,...._--Jo. __ ..... ,....--"""--..... ,....---'---..... ,....---"--- ..... District Accesai- Snow- Accessi- Snow- Accessi- Snow- Accessi- Snow- ble bound ble bound ble bound ble bound (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Jammu " Kashmir State 1157 181 5651 721 260 54 5993 759 Kashmir Province 667 70 3476 288 134- 19 2843 355 Anantnag District 255 3 1232 13 49 1197 6 i) Pahalgam 17 3 79 13 2 59 6 ii) Anantnag 74 409 IS 270 iii) Kulgam 42 250 12 311 iv) Shupiyan 29 154- 6 229 v) Pulwama 63 340 14 328

Srinagar District 240 1258 4 43 709 5 i) Ganderbal 24- 99 4- 5 134 5 ii) Srinagar 16 71 3 67 iii) Srinagar M.O. 107 641 19 iv) Srinagar Cantt. 3 10 1 v) Chadura 27 146 5 142 vi) Beuwah 28 140 5 180 vii) Badgam 35 lSI 5 186 31

Name of State! Name of No. of circles No. ofblocka No. ofzones No. ofvillages Province! Charges ,-_-J>._~ , . """I ,-----A.-----a ,---.I>.--~ District Acceasi- Snow- Accessi- Snow- Accessi- Snow- Accessi- Snow- ble bound ble bound ble bound ble bound (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Baramulla District 202 23 986 66 42 9 937 106 i) Bandipore 14 5 71 16 3 1 46 27 ii) Sonawari 20 108 4 97 iii) Sopore 34 157 9 138 iv) Baramulla 36 172 6 165 v) Gulmarg 13 10 51 22 3 4 78 23 vi) Uri 15 77 4 100 vii) Handwara 29 142 6 183 viii) Karnah 7 24 5 49 ix) Kupwara +1 I 208 4 7 1 130 7 Ladakh District 43 205 9 238 i) Leh 15 65 4 109 ii) KargiI 22 116 3 104 iii) Zanskar 6 24 2 25 Jammu Province .90 III 2175 439 126 35 3150 404- Doda District 82 67 302 251 23 21 417 237 i) Kishtwar 28 18 98 87 5 5 97 60 ii) Bhaderwah 21 17 84- 64 + 3 180 96 iii) Doda 14 11 55 44 4 2 80 47 iv) Ramban 19 21 65 56 10 11 60 54 Udhampur District 90 17 361 71 27 6 551 73 i) Ramnagar 20 4 90 15 8 2 118 19 ii) Udhampur 43 184 II 232 iii) Reasi 20 56 7 177 iv) Gool Gulab-garh 7 13 31 56 I 4- 24 54 Jammu District 168 788 42 1132 i) Samba 29 119 6 293 ii) R. S. Pora 43 216 10 265 iii) Jammu 36 183 8 337 iv) Akhnoor 25 123 7 237 v) JammuM.C. 32 137 10 vi) Jammu Cantt. 3 10 I Kathua District 70 12 341 46 11 3 539 46 i) Billawar 13 4 54 18 I 2 52 13 ii) Kathua 29 134 4- 182 iii) Hiranagar 16 111 4 266 iv) Bashohli 12 8 42 28 2 39 33 Rajouri District 47 5 229 28 15 2 357 26 i) Budhal 2 5 5 28 I 2 9 26 ii) Rajouri 31 156 9 202 iii) Nowshehra 14 68 5 164 Poonch District 33 10 154 43 8 3 154 22 i) Haveli 16 8 61 35 4 2 72 If ii) Mendhar 17 2 92 8 4- 1 82 8 32

OeD.uli calendar III Small Dolles 2. Since Census has to be conducted 3. However, for ensuring effective on a phased programme and conform to implementation, it is not necessary to a fixed time-table, preparatory measures burden the Census "Agency by loading should include preparation of a detailed them with all the tasks of a two-ye~r ca1endar for an S. C. O's own benefit as programme at one and the same time. well as all those who are engaged in This is bound to frighten them to some Census work. Usually the permissible extent and even make some run away from time-gap between initial preparations and taking up such a heavy and complex final enumeration is two years. This responsibility. Hence it is wise to let may seem to be a long '!IpeU of time. them have it in small, digestible doses. But it is not so, actually. I have found Take each phase separately, spell out that once things get started, Census each task clearly, show how it should moves at a rapid pace. When this and can be done and you will find every­ happens, a take-it-easy attitude on the body responsive. part or a S. C. O. like the hare in the fable has every" chance of being left Notificadon behind the steady tortoise. It is, therefore, 4. While these preparations are in essential to distribute the time at one's progress, the State Government should be disposal in such a manner that every approached to notify the District Census single step is covered fully. For a State Officers under the Census Act with powers like Jammu and Kashmir, -as will be delegated to them to appoint the required apparent from the fore-going paragraph, number of Census Officers. Since this an additional calendar must be prepared usually takes time, other initial measures for the snow-bound areas. In these areas, listed above need not be delayed on in view of climatic difficulties and by reason that account. The important thing is to of limited time available, both the phases keep the Census waggon moving. I may of the programme viz; house-numbering illustrate this by pointing out that while & house-listing and individual enumeration we had finalised the demarcation of must be pressed into quick successive opera­ Census Units and had the calendars ready tions culminating in the final revisional round for distribution, the notification was publi­ at the end of September which is nearly shed only on 17-9-1969. It is also important five months ahead of the Census Reference to note that while the issue of a notification under the Census Act does clothe the officers Date for the accessible areas. In both concerned with legal powers, they can cases, the calendar so prepared should start no proceedings under it unless be made available to District Census specifically authorised in this behalf by a Officers, Charge Superintendents and Zonal separate executive order of the Government. Officers well in time. It is useful not Personal Contact. only to print it but mount it like an 5. As soon as possible, the S. C. O. ordinary office engagement diary so that should try to establish personal contacts it is placed on the table to remain with the District Census Officers and constantly in view of the concerned Charge Superintendents collectively as well official (Appendix-VIII). as individually. It is not enough to seek 33 their co-operation in a general 'way. In found, there is many a slip between the most instances, this is assured readily. I cup and the lip. So it is essential to found' fi;-om experience that offers of find for oneself both at the District and whole-hearted cooperation by themselves Tehsil level what at all is happening. do not carty one far enough. No, the This is possible only if the S. C. O. makes Census officials should be told in precise a round of District and Tehsil head­ terms what jobs have to be performed by them at each stage and within what quarters and meets the officials face to time-limit. Let me emphasise that on no face at every possible opportunity. Personal account should an S.C.O. run away with visits have, besides, the advantage of the impression that since he has put giving the S. C. O. concerned some idea down everything in black and white and of the strength and weaknesses of the flooded the District and Tehsil offices with written circulars or instructions, things machinery through whom the Census will start moving automatically or in the programme is to be carried out in his manner he wishes. In Census, I have State. CHAPTER V

OFFICE ACCOMM0DATION &. UPKEEP OF I\ECORDS

Shortage of Accommodation along with the office furniture, stores, Since Census is no longer either an records etc., we were on the move to ad hoc administrative arrangement or a our new premises, trying to do our best passing activity, it would be desirable in the worst of the circumstances. This to set up the headquarters of the organi­ happened to be our busiest period in connec­ sation in each State on a more ~ndurable tion with the house-numbering and house­ basis. Taking our own case, it was listing phase. Fortunately all the office something of a shock for me to learn, hands rose to meet the crisis and we on taking over, that we must lose no settled down soon to our normal routine time in arranging suitable alternative after being in the melting pot for nearly accommodation for our office or face the four months. prospect of being thrown out on the Permanent Office street by the landlord. I realised soon 3. This will show how essential it that this was going to land us in a is for the Census Organisation to have big problem. There is considera~le shortage its own office accommodation on a permanent of good houses in Srinagar and even for footing so that it does not have to ex­ the few that are available, there is a perience frequent dislocations caused by virtual hunt on the part of commercial irate and over-bearing landlords-with establishments, State and Central Govern­ consequent damage to its valuable stores ment offices, tourists and private individuals. and records. Even in the matter of arrang­ In consequence, rents have registered a ing temporary accommodation for coding, sharp increase. punching and tabulation work, we had to Move To New Premis•• face lot of difficulties. And then, the accommodation secured after considerable 2. According to standing rules, the effort, left something to be desired. rent has to be fixed strictly on the evaluation worked out by Central Public Jammu Office Works Department. Approaching the 4. However in setting up a Regional C. P. W. D. with its headquarters function­ Tabulation Office in Jammu, we found ing at Madhopur (nearly 270 miles from the job of selecting a suitable building Srinagar) is by itself no easy job. It much easier. In the first place, Madhopur takes quite sometime to complete the is only at a short run from Jammu. formalities. But then the landlord may Secondly, due. to development of new be found unwilling to accept the housing colonies in the suburbs, congestion assessment. This turned out to be in the city has been considerably relieved the case when we tried to go in for an and good houses are, therefore, available alternative building yet another building had at a reasonable rentals. We succeeded to be selected, the same procedure repeated in a short-while in establishing the regional and ultimately on 21st November, 1969 office in a good private building mid-way 35 between the old and new Secretariat in iii) Individual Slips and = wooden racks the heart of Jammu city. enumeration sche- of 3'-10· x dules 6'x3"xl'-6· size Upkeep ,of Records 5. Special arrangements were made both at Jammu and Srinagar for proper On the back of each flap, an index upkeep of records pertaining to various was pasted showing name of charge, name phases of current Census including notional of block, code number and population of maps. Using our own surplus materials of the 1961 Census, special flaps of card­ each village which considerably facilitated board and convass were got manufactured the task of handling this record for editing, to contain this record without the necessity coding and punching. Similar arrange­ of folding it, of the following sizes :- ments for proper upkeep of records were i) Houselists = 14!x21" made at the District and Tehsil head­ ii) Establishment Sche­ 14lx Ill" quarters by providing steel trunks for the dules purpose. CHAPTER VI LOCATION CODE NUMBERS

Nothiag Secre~ve cumstances does not only facilitate making An enumerator is usually initiated into of such entries but eliminating possible Census work by telling him the code errors of phonetics and spelling. Besides, in number of his village/town, tehsil and compiling the .. record in the Census Office, district. Human nature being what it is, one has not to contend with any loop­ he feels quite excited by being trusted holes of mistaken identity. with what looks like a secret. Although there is nothing conspiratorial or mysterious Handbook of Code Numbers about the Census Organisation, its time­ 2. Since allotment of location code honoured technique of identifying geographi­ numbers is a logical arrangement making cal names by code numbers nevertheless for lot of administrative convenience, pub­ makes it sound like a secret brother-hood. lishing these numbers in the form of a Yet for a number of valid reasons, the hand-book for the general information of Census Organisation cannot do without the Census Field Agency is a useful step. giving every rural and urban unit what Otherwise as is usually the case, the is technically called a location code. An knowledge of code numbers remains con­ enumerator is apt to spell the _name of fined to a few select hands in the Census a place in his own way thus creating Organisation or the Change Superintendents room for confusion. Secondly, more than and there are inordinate delays in trans­ one village or several villages may be known mission. by the same geographical name making identification of each village difficult. 1971 Code Numbers Thirdly, most of the Census Schedules and especially the Individual Slips do not 3. Since District, Tehsil and Town have sufficient space for writing full names location code numbers of the 1971 Census of the village/town, tehsil or district. This are likely to remain mostly unchanged is particularly so when all these have to during the 1981 Census, the numbers used be grouped together. Tile allotment of for these units in the present Census are a location code number under the cir- reproduced below :-

Name of Location Name of Location Name ofTown/Noti- Location District Code No. Tehsil Code No. fied Area Committee Code No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Anantnag Pahalgam 1 Pahalgam I Anantnag 2 Mattan II Kulgam 3 Kukernag III Shupiyan 4 Anantnag IV Pulwama 5 Bijbehara V Tral 6 Kulgam VI Shupiyan VII Pampore VIII Tral IX 37

Name of Location Name of Location Name of Town/Noti- Location District Code No. Tehsil Code No. fied Area Committee Code No. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) . (6)

Srinagar 2 Ganderbal 1 Srinagar M. C. I Srinagar 2 Badamibagh Cantt. II Chadora 3 Badgam 4 Beerwah 5 Baramulla 3 Bandipore I Bandipore I Sonawari 2 Sopore II Sopore 3 Baramulla III Baramulla 4 Gulmarg IV Gulmarg 5 Uri V Uri 6 Handwara VI Handwara 7 Karnah 8 Kupwara 9 Ladakh 4 Leh 1 Leh I Kargil 2 Kargil II Zanskar 3 Doda 5 Kishtwar I Kishtwar I Bhaderwah 2 Bhaderwah II Doda 3 Doda III Ramban 4 Batote IV Ramban V Banihal VI Udhampur 6 Ramnagar I Ramnagar I Udhampur 2 Chenani II Reasi 3 Udhampur III Gool Gulabgarh 4 Katra IV Reasi V Jammu. 7 Samba I Samba I R. S. Pora 2 Bishna II Jammu 3 Arnia III Akhnoor 4 R. S. Pora IV Jammu Cantt. V Jammu M. C. VI Akhnoor VII Kathua 8 Billawar 1 Bashohli I Bashohli 2 Lakhenpur II Kathua 3 Kathua III Hiranagar 4 Hiranagar IV Rajouri 9 Budhal 1 Rajouri I Rajouri 2 Nowshehra II Nowshehra 3 Poonch 10 Haveli 1 Poonch I Mendhar 2 Surankote (Samote) II CHAPTER VII

PRINTING & SUPPLY OF CENSUS SCHEDULES

Timely Supply Supply & Distribution All our requirements for supply of 2. Preparation of a realistic indent for Census schedules were arranged by the different forms and schedules is rather a Registrar General's Office in adequate quantities as well as in time. The only difficult assignment. However, a rough instance of delay occurred in supplying estimate can built on the basis of figures Urdu Instruction Book!! pertaining to house­ of the last Census by allowing an increase numbering and house-listing phase. These of 25% on it and keeping a 10% State were received only when the operation and 5% District reserve. The position was almost complete. However, since we regarding indent & supply and distribu­ had already prepared our own summarised instructions in question and answer form, . tion of various forms and schedules at the the delay did not cause any disturbance houselisting stage is indicated in the follow­ to our programme. ing table:-

Indent & Supply

Name of form No. indented No. supplied Printed locally by R. G', Office 1. Houselists: i) Urdu 1,26,000 ii) English & Hindi 500 (English = 100) (Hindi =400)

2. Establishment Schedules: i) Urdu 46,980 47,000 ii) English 4,000 4,000

3. Houselist Abstract (Form A) 40,000

4. Houselist Abstract (Form B) 1,300

Distribudon

Name of State/ Houselists Establishment Schedules Houselist Abstract District/Charge ,..------'------, ,.-----_...... _-----, ,..---...... _---, Urdu English Hindi Urdu English Hindi FormA FormB (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Jamma '" Kashmir State 1,25,173 100 400 30,921 3,950 27,287 1,_ Kashmir Province 81,777 100 400 17,102 3,950 15,292 600 Pahalgam Tehail 2,994 257 222 8 Anantnag Tehail 8,417 1,330 600 1,691 32 39

Name of StateJ Houselists Establishment Schedules ..A.--___~ Houselist Abstract District/Charge r------"------, r--- ,..----,.,.__---, Urdu English Hindi Urdu English Hindi FonnA FormB (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Kulgam Tehail 5,401 1,168 942 13 Shupiyan Tehail 3,895 657 50 1,050 17 Pulwama Tehail 5,726 1,265 300 1,222 17 Total Anantllag District 26,433 4,677 950 5,127 87

Ganderbal Tehail 3,261 655 200 744 39 Srinagar Tehail 2,218 467 1,000 790 29 Chadura Tehsil 3,016 532 100 675 18 Badgam Tehail 3,504 686 100 1,094 12 Beerwah Tehsil 2,980 584 300 908 37 Srinagar City 9,230 350 3,000 805 63 Badamibagh Cantt. 227 100 55 45 10 Total Srinagar District 24,436 100 350 5,779 1,700 5,061 208

Bandipore Tehail 2,018 541 322 24 Sonawari Tehail 2,632 579 100 494 9 Sopore Tehail 4,404 628 400 840 27 Baramulla Tehail 3,960 722 400 967 69 Gulmarg Tehail 1,878 403 235 11 Uri Tehail 1,999 290 303 16 Handwara Tehail 3,685 50 496 200 629 29 Karnah Tehsil 835 227 43 10 Kupwara Tehail 3,974 703 200 561 56 Total Baramulla District 25,385 50 4,589 1,300 4,394 251

Leh Tehsil 2,780 1,140 600 '17 Kargil Tehail 2,363 727 60 17 Zanskar Tehail 380 190 50 10 Total Ladakh District 5,523 2,057 710 54

Jammu Province 43,396 13,819 11,995 485 Kishtwar Tehail 2,696 932 497 33 Bhaderwah Tehsil 1,755 969 613 19 Doda Tehail 1,566 543 417 12 Ramban Tehail 2,458 679 400 39 Total Doda District 8,475 3,123 1,927 lOS 40

,Name of State! House1ists Establishment Schedules Houselist Abstract ,-______.,_ ____-. ,--____ .A._____ -. ,--__.A. ___ ~ -District/Charge - Urdu English Hindi Urdu English Hindi FormA FormB (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Ramnagar Tehsil 840 250 512 10 Udhampur Tehsil 3,000 800 920 16 Reasi Tehsil 600 250 650 16 Gool Gu1abgarh Tehsil 1,590 358 287 19 Total Udhampur District 4,440 1,300 2,369 61

Samba Tehsil 3,717 922 697 34 R. S. Pora Tehsil 4,186 1,349 879 19 Jammu Tehail 600 200 1,508 40 Akhnoor Tehsil 1,000 200 600 46 Jammu M.O. 150 450 300 Jammu Oantt. 187 155 Total Jammu District 9,840 3,276 3,984- 139

BiUawar Tehail' 1,804- 399 492 32 Kathua Tehsil 2,923 767 593 35 Hiranagar Tehsil 2,814 859 430 18 Bashohli Tehsil 1,471 260 162 14 Total Kathua District 9,012 2,285 1,677 99

Budha1 Tehsil 518 142 110 4 Rajouri Tehail 3,506 1,150 739 27 Nowshehra Tehsil 950 360 437 25 Total Rajouri District 4,974 1,652 1,286 56 Haveli Tehsil 2,533 1,117 455 10 Mendhar Tehsil 2,532 708 297 17 Total Poonch District 5,065 1,825 752 27 CHAPTER VIn

HOUSE-NUMBERING " HOUSE-LISTING

Importance of Numbering amount of training is necessary to enable No kind of house-numbering has been the enumerators to develop proficiency in in existence in Jammu and Kashmir so mapping. far and consequently at the time of each Q.uality of Maps Census, fresh numbering has to be organi­ 3. During the current Census we put sed by the Census Department. This involves a lot of effort in the preparation of good lot of labour and time. But since it is and reliable notional maps. Not only was the very basis {or the location of house­ this treated as the most important item in holds, it has to be gone into as a ritual the training but we undertook to supply of the first importance for the successful to each enumerator a sample notional implementation of the Census programme. Any carelessness in the observance of this map for guidance. As a result, maps pre­ ritual may produce a disaster. Coversely pared by the Field Agency conformed to the standard size, containing uniform sym­ thoroughness and efficiency with which house-numbering is conducted can serve as bols and lacking in no important detail. a guarantee that the road to final enume­ Most of the maps did not only reveal ration lies straight and without any danger the drawing skill of our enumerators but also their artistry as decorators. In cer­ of pit-falls. tain cases it became difficult to decide Notional Maps whether the map had been printed or 2. The key to complete and efficient done by hand. Whoever has heard of a house-numbering is provided by the notional map with a 'chumki' border? Would one map. The enumerator must prepare it expect an enumerator to indicate at himself on the basis of his familiarity with what height above sea-level the structures his block. The idea is not to test his in his block are situated? Yet quite a skill as a cartographer but to induce him few maps prepared by our Field Agency to get thorough knowledge of the main were found to possess these distinguishing .topographical features and whatever struc­ features (Appendix-XVII I) . tures exist in it, be they inhabited or Census House uninhabited, kacha or pacca. Equipped with this knowledge-not obtainable with­ 4. Since, for the pupose of filling in out personal visits to and frequent travel the Census records, we have to take within his block-he finds no particular account not only of the structures as such difficulty in drawing on paper what he but of the Census houses present in each knows at first-hand. For the sake of structure, the term had to be explained convenience, structures have to be indicated in considerable detail to all concerned. by symbols. Th~ numbering of the houses This was done both in theory and by in a serial clock-wise order on the map practical demonstration in the course of then becomes easy. Of course, some training instructions. 42

Complete Numbering short. We discovered later that the con­ 5. We also found it quite useful to cerned enumerators had made three instead explain to the public at large why we of two copies of the houselist schedule insist on complete house-numbering. The reserving one for their own use. As anti­ short inserts like 'if your house is not cipated, the house-listing operations provided numbered now, you run the risk of being a full dress rehearsal for the final phase left' out of count at final enumeration' or namely population count. Another use to 'if your house has not been numbered, which the houselists were put advantageously complain to your Census Supervisor' by us was to make a realistic estimate broadcast repeatedly by Srinagar and Jammu of requirements of forms and schedules Radio Stations, served more than anything needed at the enumeration stage. else, in bringing out clearly the significance Bousing Tables of this basic step. 7. Houselists have yielded a wealth Some Errors of information about the housing position­ type of houses and their utilisation. Detailed 6. Houselisting was taken up as the information will be available in the housing consequential part of the same programme. tables to be published in a separate report. However. in some places, the forms ran Briefly the position indicated is as follows :-

State/Province Total/Rural/ Total number of Fully Partly Urban structures residential residential (1) - (2) (3) (4) (5) Jammu & Kashmir State Total 13,45,988* 6,18,594 69,038 Rural 11,55,357 5,14,991 64,803 Urban 1,90,631 1,03,603 4,235

Kashmir Province Total 6,90,003 3,03,495 20,585 Rural 5,73,209 2,45,760 18,000 Urban 1,16,794 , 57,735 2,585

Jammu Province Total 6,55,985 3,15,099 48,453 Rural 5,82,148 2,69,231 46,803 Urban 73,837 45,868 1,650

Permanent Bouse-numbering permanent numbers in Jammu and Kashmir. 8. A suggestion was made to the State In this connection, we offered them the Government that on the basis of the data use of our notional maps. We even wor­ collected during house-listing, it might ked out the cost but uptil now no progress want to work out a scheme for fixing appears to have been made in the matter.

• Includes 'non-residential'. CHAPTER IX

ENUMERATION

The final goal of efforts made during pondents so as to get a comprehensive the house-numbering and house-listing stage picture of migration down to the district­ is to achieve an accurate and complete level and rural-urban commutations. An population count. However, the needs of equally important facet of the Census Slip modern planning in India require much was the attempt made to. obtain a true more than mere counting of heads. Unlike and factual picture of the working force. as in the Roman times, taxation and rec­ identifying the marginal workers separately. ruitment have ceased to be the principal This was done not only by providing a aims of Census. Today' the accent is on rational definition to the term 'worker' but raising' the living standards of the masses. including a question separately on secondary Hence Census has to serve as a' multi-sided work. This will show that every effort channel for collecting data of diverse 'types was made to make the 1971 Census reflect. about the individual-the size of the in addition to the size and growth of household, his age, marital status, his population, its social and economic charac­ present and past residence, educational teristics on a fairly wide range. qualifications, his main and secondary occu­ pation etc. ArrangeJDents for Enumeration 3. I have already detailed some of 1971 Census Slip the steps taken to ensure a full and accurate 2. Since India has been groaning under coverage of the population of Jammu and the pressure of rising population, there is Kashmir in my introductory remarks. How­ obvious need to contain it within reasonable ever, I find it desirable to refer again to limits. For this, it has become necessary some important aspects of the work relating to know the fertility rate of currently to Census enumeration both in non-synchro­ married women so as to devise more nous and accessible areas. effective steps for population control, Non-synchronous Areas besides ascertaining the impact which the Family Planning programmes have already 4. We concluded enumeration in non­ made in this behalf. An important ques­ synchronous areas on 3rd October. 1970. tion, therefore, introduced in the 1971 The first telegram giving provisional Census Enumeration Slip related to age at marriage totals from these areas to be received by and any child born during the last one the Registrar General on 5th' October'70 year to a currently married woman. Other was from District Census Officer. Doda. distinguishing features of the Enumeration Others followed in quick succession. I was Slip adopted during the current Census particularly gratified when a wireless were that. for the first time. questions message from Tehsildar Zanskar, a prover­ relating to place of last residence and bially backward and mountainous region place of work were posed to the res- of the Ladakh district, landed in my 44 office. saying enumeration had been success­ instructions in a summarised version to fully brought to end and communicating supplement instructions received from a detailed abstract of the provisional Rpgistrar General's Office, practical demons­ Census figures of his charge. tration and discussion in question and answer form with the enumerators. Side by side, a Good Experience campaign was started through the Radio 5. The experience gained by us by and newspapers to elicit public cooperation. conducting general enumeration in the Almost all the leading editors responded non-synchronous areas ahead of the reference to my appeal (Appendix-XXVII) and carried date proved useful in planning effective out insertions as a free contribution to steps for taking Census in the synchro­ the success of Census in this State. In nous areas. The operation became a live this connection, I acknowledge gratefully pre-test. On the basis of the experience the help rendered to us by Aftab, Zamin­ so gained, the enumerators in the synchro­ dar, Naya Sansar, Kashmir Times, Qaumi nous areas were instructed to make a Awaz, Sandesh, Excelsior and Khidmat. special note of the following points:- Thus a favourable climate was created in I) to record the age of the child born the public mind by projecting firstly the to a currently married woman during voluntary and onerous nature of an the last one year as '0' and not one enumerator's assignments, secondly bringing year out the importance of a correct count and explaining what role an individual 2) ages of the members of a house­ has .to play to make it successful. We hold in relation to their off-shoots took particular care to emphasise that to be consistent replies to the Census questionnaire would 3) not to pry into the why and where­ be treated as confidential. This to some fore of answers to the question rela­ extent helped in allaying suspicions of ting to fertility some people about part of this information 4) to make no presumptions in relation being passed on for use by certain agencies. . to the questions on mother-tongue Enumeration Agency or religion; replies to be recorded as returned by the respondents 7. The number of enumerators and 5) to return a person as worker or supervisors who were entrusted with and non-worker strictly according to his carried out house-numbering and house­ main activity and classify marginal listing and later on enumeration work in workers from among students and each district is shown at Appendix-XXXII. house-wives etc., under 'secondary work' Tbnel), Distribution or Fonn. Traiaing " PubHcity 8. The timely supply and distribution 6. As already referred to in Chapter of various forms and schedules required I, we took special measures to ensure for enumeration to the Census Field that the Field Agency is thoroughly trained Agency was ensured by taking the for the ultimate job-filling the Individual following steps:- Slip correctly. This included the setting i) the block lists already prepared up of usual training camps, issue of written were revised and brought up-to- 45

date. The requirements of each interval plus 10% to serve as village were worked out on the reserve and account for wastage. basis of the houselist population. This done, a receipt proforma To this was added 3% to provide was drawn up for each charge for possible growth during the containing the following details:-

NanlC of district ...... Name of Tehsil/Charge ...... Code No ...... Code No ......

Name of village/mohalla Code No. Block No. ,-______No. of fonns.A. ______lupplied -, Individual Slip Population Record ,-____A ___ ~ ,-____A ____-, 100 slip 25 slip 50 slip 25 slip pads pads pads pads (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

,-______No. of -.A.forms ______supplied --. Name and address of the Signature of official to whom supplied recepient Posting Statement Enumerator's Abstract ,------. (No. of sheets) Males Females (8) (9) (10) ( 11) (12)

ii) the Census clerks were called to the Tehsil headquarter or with the office at Jammu and Srinagar and District Census Officer. The reason for deputed to carry the supplies of this is that when faced by sudden shor­ their respective charges to the tage, the reserve forms are not easily Tehsil headquarter and thence to available with the enumerator. arrange their distribution to the Return or Record. enumerators against receipt. 10. In a similar manner, we took a iii) the actual distribution of the number of steps for proper and timely forms took place under the super­ return of the Census records ensuring at vision of our Training Instructors the same time that it is complete ill all at the conclusion of the training respects. These included deputing officials programme at each centre or an of the Census Organisation to all Tehsil official of the Census Department headquarters for arranging the systematic sent specially for this purpose. collection of forms and schedules from The proforma receipt, duly signed the field staff, comparing broad totals. by each enumerator, was then separation of rural and urban slips and sent to our office for record. packing and carriage of the records to Reserve Stock the Census Office at Srinagar and Jammu. 9. It may be mentioned that we Details or Supply & Distribution placed a small quantity of reserve stock 11. As the receipt proforma will indi­ with the enumerator rather than only at cate, the schedules and forms used in 46 enumeration consisted of i) Abridged Personnel Card and vi) Individual Slip. Houselist, ii) Population Record form, The following table gives the indent & iii) Enumerator's Daily Posting Statement supply and distribution of the forms and -male and female, iv) Enumerator's schedules (charge-wise; including non­ Abstract, v) Graduate and Technical synchronous areas) :-

ladent " Supply

Name of form No. indented No. lupplied by Printed R.G'aOflic:e locally

1. IDdiftdaal SlipII : i) Urdu 5,600,000 5,600,000 ii) English 400,000 400,000 iii) Hindi 100.,000 65,000 _------TOTAL 6,100,000 6,065,000 ------

2. PopaladoD Record : i) Urdu 1,1,",000 1,1#,000 '96,00.0. ii) English 22,000. 22,000 iii) Hindi 1,285 22,000 --- TOTAL 1,167,285 1,188,000 396,000 ------

3. p_.. Stat_eDt: a) Male. i) Urdu 8,164 68,700 ii) English 8,250 8,250. jii) Hindi 1,465 ------TOTAL 17,879 76,950 ------47

Name of form No. indented No. supplied by Printed R. G's Office loc:ally

b) Females .

i) Urdu 71,836 68,136

ii) English 2,750 2,750

iii) Hindi 1,285 ------TOTAL 75,871 70886 ------

4:. Ea1lDlerator'. Abstract:

i) Urdu ii) English iii) Hindi

5. Degree Holder Card

6. Abridged Houselist

7. Charge Abstract (Form A)

i) Males 2.000 ii) Females 2.000

8. Charge Abstract (Form B) 5.000

9. Charge Abstract 2,000

10. District Abstract 300

II. Certificate of Enumeration for boat population 10.000

12. Certificate of Enumeration for nomadic population 625,000 48

DI.tribudoa

State/Province/District/ Charge Individual Slips Population R.ecord Posting Statement r---.A.--"""\r- """\ r- A --, 100 Slip 25 Slip 50 Slip 25 Slip Males Females pad. pads pads pads

(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1)

JIIIIIIIDa. aad Kghmfl' State 53,285 20,969 22,367 9,692 71,_ 66,6tt Kashmir Province 28,202 13,587 12,514 5,839 39,166 37,740

D"tl'lct haDt... 9,336 3,645 4,659 1,799 11,565 11,193 Pahalgam Tehail 453 223 201 138 718 724 Anantnag Tehail 3,149 1,208 1,320 489 3,860 3,704 Kulgam Tehail 2,260 519 923 184 2,655 2,605 Shupiyan Tehsil 1,011 506 423 218 1,489 1,420 Pulwama Tehail 2,463 1,189 1,192 710 2,843 2,740

Sriaaaar D"trlct 9,015 5,527 4,023 1,714 12,467 11,660 Ganderbal Tehail 1,035 401 440 278 1,514 1,465 Srinagar Tehsil 568 143 263 62 780 814 Chadura Tehail 1,129 549 469 190 1,536 1,429 Badgam Tehail 1,035 ..26 553 91 1,438 1,320 Beerwa Tehsil 841 394 337 383 1,437 1,287 Srinagar Municipality 4,392 3,264 1,924 679 5,546 5,162 Badami-bagh Cantonment IS 350 31 31 216 183

Bal'lllll.a.ll. D"trlet 8,474 3,218 3,37' 2,016 12,981 12,540 Bandipore Tebail 817 197 284 143 1,303 1,193 Sonawari Tehsil 1,049 214 416 109 1,358 1,303 Sopore Tehail 1,320 416 492 288 1,828 1,723 Baramulla Tehsil 1,496 696 748 534 2,113 1,936 Gulmarg Tehlil 432 253 175 121 904- 920 Uri Tehail 514 165 158 216 753 666 Handwara Tehsil 1,015 555 365 248 1,395 1,330 Kamah Tehsil 290 46 53 105 467 429 Kupwara Tehsil 1,541 676 685 252 2,800 3,040

Dl8trlct Ladakh 1,377 1,197 456 310 2,153 2,347 Leh Tehsil 735 927 253 109 1,000 1,075 Kargil Teldil 594 217 20S 124 I,OIS 1,086 Zanskar Tehail 48 53 77 140 186 49

Enumerator's Degree AbridlJed Charge Abstract Charge District Enumeration Check POIt Abstract Holden House- r----__,._----~ Abstract Abs- certificates certificates &. lilts FonnA FonnB (A+B) tract of boat for nomadic Technical r-----J,.--~ population population penonnel Male Female cards (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

13,565 53,659 82,360 925 930 829 530 85 8,414 331,710 8,390 33,810 49,603 511 511 511 378 35 8,414 42,842

2,075 6,140 17,822 174 174 174 100 10 196 370 2,324 ·12 12 12 12 33 4,000 637 2,324 6,015 51 51 51 25 440 347 1,030 4,160 39 39 39 21 220 292 808 2,178 30 30 30 12 33 603 1,608 3,145 42 42 42 30 275

3,480 21,298 16,795 186 186 186 88 10 6,125 4,- 318 416 1,877 18 18 18 10 110 4,000 227 447 1,983 9 9 9 10 1,540 317 961 2,165 18 18 18 10 165 331 738 2,611 24- 24- 24- 10 55 324- 712 1,172 24- 24- 24- 10 55 1,831 17,422 6,793 90 90 90 33 4,000 132 602 194 3 3 3 5 200

2,165 5,752 14,986 151 lSI lSI 100 15 1,288 34,842 128 687 785 10 10 10 9 83 16,761 183 755 1,871 15 15 15 9 440 279 1,302 2,434 21 21 21 16 325 374- 1,34-2 2,808 24 24- . 24- 12 220 218 309 871 15 15 15 7 33 12,000 175 206 1,049 15 15 15 9 33 288 397 2,193 24 24 24 12 121 117 130 13 2,780 403 624- 2,975 27 27 27 13 33 3,301

670 620 90 391 240 20 239 310 60 40 70 10 50

State/Province/District/Charge Individual Slips Population Record Posting Statement r----.;...---~ r----.A.---"""\ r---.A..----, 100 Slip 25 Slip 50 Slip 25 Slip Males Females pads pads pads pads

(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Jammu Province 25,083 7,382 9,853 3,853 32,lli 28,904 Dod. Dlatrict 4,247 1,309 l,fa 898 7,189 6,172 Kishtwar Tehail 1,078 SIS 326 306 1,680 1,436 Bhaderwah Tehllil 993 578 289 215 1,681 1,452 Doda Tehail 962 266 314 132 1,279 1,126 Ramban Tehail 1,214 152 519 245 2,549 2,158

Udbampllr Dlatrict 4,123 1,002 1,3GB 600 4,825 4,459 Ramnagar Tehail 937 241 379 133 1,183 1,181 Udhampur Tehail 1,667 363 559 217 1,845 1,671 Reasi Tehai1 610 235 217 108 586 612 ~ool Gulab-garh Tehail 909 163 153 142 1,211 99S

:K.tb... D.trlct 3,062 7fl 1,218 573 4,156 3,748 Billawar Tehail 608 79 299 62 923 897 Bashohli Tehail 504 125 202 89 768 782 Kathua Tehail 1,069 246 446 118 1,265 1,150 Hiranagar Tehail 881 291 271 304 1,200 919

RaJouri DUtrlct 2,651 638 1,052 3M 2,833 2,611 Budhal Tehail 484 142 162 102 390 416 Rajouri Tehsil 1,357 384 591 148 1,522 1,409 Nowshehra Tehail 810 112 299 134 921 786

Poonch Dmtrlct 2,046 t34 1,_ ~ 3,031 2,650 Haveli Tehail 1,004 219 569 298 1,467 1,314 Mendhar Tehail 1,042 215 511 151 1,564 1)336

Jammu DUtrict 8,954 3,258 3,747 H9 10,150 9,264 Samba Tehail 1,214 462 462 241 1,553 1,438 R. S. Pora Tehail 1,659 415 691 184 2,136 1,872 Jammu Tehsil 3,001 1,946 1,115 291 2,565 2,397 Akhnoor Tehail 1,262 342 587 161 1,625 1,539 Jammu Municipality 1,745 58 859 70 2,164 1,947 Jammu Cantonment 73 35 33 2 107 71 51

Enumerator's Degree Abrid~ed Charge Abstract Charge District Enumeration Check post Abstract Holders House- r-----.....J..---,---~ Abstract Abs- certificates certificates & lists FormA FormB (A+B) tract of boat for nomadic Technical , ~--, population population personnel Male Female cards (8) (9) (10) (ll ) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

5,175 19,849 32,757 414 419 318 152 50 288,868 1,032 2,282 3,028 59 57 54 16 6 103,704 427 627 1,025 16 16 15 4 24,676 358 625 478 15 15 15 of. 29,676 201 552 620 12 12 12 4 24,676 246 478 905 16 14 12 4 24,676

877 2,747 6,115 69 76 62 26 10 83,267 225 427 1,516 10 10 12 7 14,470 326 1,500 2,802 35 40 25 6 213 500 1,078 20 22 21 6 113 320 719 4 4 4 . 7 68,797

762 2.530 5.739 80 76 63 32 12 37.362 116 600 979 6 6 5 6 14,003 119 4-30 1,001 16 14 13 8 23,359 242 1,000 1,892 26 26 20 10 285 500 1,867 52 30 25 8

514 1,098 2,899 46 46 35 22 6 26,493 46 260 112 2 2 2 6 26,493 301 601) 1,884- 28 28 18 8 167 238 103 16 16 15 8

373 1,252 3,244 22 20 20 12 4: 38,042 197 877 1,021 10 10 8 6 27,542 176 375 2,223 12 10 12 6 10,500

1,617 9,_ 11,732 138 144 84 44 12 293 1,200 1,926 32 34 18 8 316 1,700 2,877 34 36 18 8 460 959 3,491 28 28 16 8 239 800 1,597 26 28 18 8 254 4,481 1,691 16 16 12 8 10 BOO ISO 2 2 2 4 CHAPTER X

URBAN UNITS, STANDARD URBAN AREA AND URBAN AGGLOMERATION

Urban Unit. be recognised as towns (except the cities The broad divisions of areas viz; of Jammu & Srinagar) because none Rural and Urban, have been recognised could satisfy the tests laid down in (b) in all the Censuses. The criteria for above. The position obtaining during the demarcation of Urban units have not, 1961 Census underwent a further change however, been uniform either from State during the intervening period to the to State or even within the same State present Census. The following 5 notified from Census to Census. areas were denotified by the State Government :- Standard Definitioll 1. Sumbal 2. However, a standard definition of what constitutes an urban unit was evolved 2. Hajin during the 1961 Census. Under this defi­ 3. Ajas nition, the following were to be recog­ 4. Palhalan nised as towns;- 5. Natipora - Hyderpora a) all places with. a Municipality Corporation or Cantonment or a These had to be omitted from the Notified Town Area list of towns. On the other hand, 8 new b) all other places satisfying the units were elevated as Notified Areas by following criteria;- the State Government which became entitled to be treated as urban areas I) a minimum population of 5,000 under (a) above. The number of places 2) atleast 75% of the male recognised as urban units at the 1971 working population to be Non­ Census was thus 45, consisting of 2 cities, Agricultural 2 cantonments, 5 towns and 36 Notified 3) a density of population of Areas. The list of these towns is given atleast 1,000 per square mile at Appendix-XXVIII. Since this definition brought about some Baumeradoa la Two Citiu uniformity of concept throughout the country, it was decided to continue the 4. For purposes of Census enumera­ same definition for the 1971 Census also. tion, the two cities viz; Srinagar and This incidentally enabled better compara­ Jammu, were treated as independent bility being achieved with the data of Census Charges under the Administrator the last Census. Municipality as the Charge Superinten­ dent. The City of Srinagar was divided Po.itioD ill J " K into 19 zones including 5 zones en­ 3. In Jammu & Kashmir no areas campassing the water-bound population. other than statutory/notified towns could All these zones were placed in charge of 53 fairly senior officers like the Deputy and standard urban areas in collaboration with Assistant Engineers of the Municipality, the State Town Planning Organisation:- Assistant Registrars Cooperative etc. The a) Predominant urban land use zones were further sub-divided into 107 supervisory circles and 641 enumerators' b) Intensive inter-action with the blocks. Like-wise the City of Jammu was urban centres as reflected in divided into 10 zones, 32 supervisory commutation for the purpose of circles and 145 enumerators' blocks. work and secondary education All other urban unit.s were treated as facilities; extension of city bus zones and placed in charge of Deputy service; sale of commodities like Charge Superintendent under the over-all milk, dairy products, vegetables supervision of Tehsildars in their capacity (other than those transported by as Charge Superintendents. rail or truck-haul) and purchase of food-grains, clothes and Standard Urban Area general provisions etc., by the 5. The concept of Town Group as consumers directly was adopted in the 1961 Census was c) Anticipated urban growth as a found to be of limited use. This was result of locational decisions so because the Town Group constituted relating to industry, market only of towns falling within a radius of transport and communication, 2 to 4 miles of the principal central town, administrative and servicing omitting the interestitial rural areas. Thus functions, development of tourism the Town Group did not bring out etc. spatially contiguous territory of Urban­ Rural settlements. This concept, did not d) Existence of big villages with a make it necessary for statistical data in large proportion of working respect of urbanised or urbanisable areas force engaged in non-agricultu­ outside the jurisdiction of the existing ral industrial categories towns being collected at all. It was, The maps, so drawn out, were later therefore, felt desirable to change this subjected to further discussions and concept so as to necessitate compilation finalised in consultation with the appropriate of comparable data for atleast two decades development authorities of the State and for a fixed area covering a large core the Town and Country Planning Organi­ town as well as the adjoining areas to sation, Government of India. facilitate formation of urban devel~pmen­ Future tal plans. The Town Group concept was Limit. thus replaced by the concept of Standard 6. The Standard Urban Area of Urban Area. This new concept has Srinagar comprises the Srinagar Municipality, entailed delineation of contiguous rural and urban areas as are likely to be according to its latest limits, Badamibagh under intensive influence of such cities} Cantonment and 136 villages, encampassing big towns as have a population of 50,000 the limit to which contiguous urbanisation and above. In our State, only 2 towns is reasonably expected to take place in namely Srinagar and Jammu qualified about next two decades. The spectrum to be considered for demarcation of standard urban areas. The following of the standard area of Jammu likewise broad criteria were kept in view while consists of the Jammu Municipality, Jammu demarcating the boundaries of the two Cantonment and 3B villages. 54

Urban Agglomeration 1. Urban Area, Srinagar 7. This is yet another concept which a) Srinagar M. C. has been adopted in the present Census b) Badamibagh Cantonment for the p'Jrpose of over-all size classification c) Out-growth and analysis of the urban data. By urban agglomeration is meant a conti~uous urban i) Natipora spread constituted of a town and its ii) Kursu Pad Shahi Bagh adjoining urban out-growth or two or more iii) Bemina physically contiguous towns together with continuous well recognised urban out-growth, iv) Bagat-i-Barzala if any, of such towns. 2. Urban Area, Jammu a) Jammu M. C. Area. IDcluded b) Jammu Cantonment 8. Urban agglomeration was constituted c) Out-growth in respect of Srinagar and Jammu cities i} Nagrota alone. In reckoning the urban agglomeration, ii) &twari besides the cantonments only such urban out-growths have been appended to the iii) Narwal-Bala main town as did not qualify to be The primary population figures in respect treated as towns in their own right. Areas of these two towns are, however, being constituting the urban agglomeration in exhibited in tables A-IV for the whole respect of Srinagar and Jammu are agglomeration as also for the component indicated below :- units separately. CHAPTER XI

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE, ACCOUNTS, STORES" STATIONERY

General Administrative non-gazetted levels, however, 27 Assistant Compilers were promoted as Computors Prior to 1961 Census, the practice and 8 Computors as Statistical Assistants. followed was to disband the entire staff The senior-most Statistical Assistant was engaged for Census work shortly after the also promoted as Tabulation Officer in Census was taken. After 1961 Census, the view of the experience he had gained services of part of the staff were continued during his tenure in the Census Organisation in a permanent nucleus organisation so from its very start. that the work relating to inter-censal period could be carried on uninterruptedly _ Acconnts - Rules and, '8t the same time, efficient planning 2. Accounts are maintained on single for the next Census taken in hand well entry system as distinguished from the in advance. Useful as this measure proved, double entry system followed in commercial it nevertheless gave rise to certain or quasi-commercial departments. The administrative problems. Permanency of expenditure is debited to the head tenure created a demand for promotions "39-Miscellaneous, Social Service and which could not be easily satisfied as the Developmental Organisations". Under available vacancies in the senior gazetted general delegation of powers, the Deputy scales were either reserved for the officers Director of Census Operations was authorised of the State Government or were to be by me to draw establishment and contingent filled by recruitment through the Union bills. The Assistant Director of Census Public Service Commission; no provision Operations, Jammu was also vested with for departmental promotions to the gazetted drawing and disbursing powers- in respect posts having been made as yet in the of the pay and contingent bills ofJammu Census Organisation. With regard to Office. The accounts of the dra wals made securing the services of senior officers on account of pay and allowances of the of the State Government on deputation to district and tehsillevel staff were maintained fill higher supervisory posts, it was found by the respective District Census Officers that such officers were not available easily. and the Charge Superintendents. I Consequently, the post- of Deputy Director continued to retain in myself the powers of Census Operations, Jammu, remained to draw the travelling allowance and vacant although some among our Tabulation medical reimbursement charges of the Officers were both deserving of and fit staff. for promotion to this post. Another post of Assistant Director of Census Operations Indent for Stores and Stationery­ also remained vacant due to the fact that Procedurell the Union Public Service Commission 3. Indents for the supply of stationery could not recruit a person belonging to a and forms were placed with the Assistant Scheduled Caste in time. At the lower Controller, Stationery and Printing, New 56

Delhi. However, the quantity supplied Vide Ministry of Home Affairs' No. was far below the actual requirements. F.2/16/59-Pub.I dated 22.10.1959 : The deficiency had to be made up through vii) Drawal of on account advances to local purchases. Because of the complicated the extent of Rs. 1,500/- to defray procedures involved in making purchases freight charges etc. from the open market, the bulk of these purchases were made from the State In emergent and unforeseen cases, Stationery Depots at Srinagar and Jammu petty printing and binding jobs can be against cash payment. executed locally after inviting tenders by debit to contingencies to the extent of· Delegation of FiaandaI Powers· Per~anent Advance Rs. 200/- ,Per annum without the approval of rates by· the Controller, Stationery and 4. The Director of Census Operations Printing, New Delhi. Rs. 500/- "and was delegated the following powers under Rs. 200/- were placed at the disposal the various notifications of the Ministry of the Director of Census Operations of Home Affairs, as noted against eacb :- and the Deputy Director of Census Vide Ministry of Home Affairs' No. Operations, Jammu respectively as penna­ F.2/16/59-Pub.I(I) dated 13.11.1959: nent advance. In addition to this, 10 District Census Officers were also provided i) Creation of temporary posts in Class with the permanent advance of Rs. 30/­ III and IV each. ii) Full powers to purchase books, newspapers and other publications Printing Procedures - Printer's Bills etc. for office use 5. Printing is done through private iii) Incurring of contingent expenditure presses on rates approved by Chief upto Rs. 1,000/- per annum in each Controller of Stationery and Printing, New case for recurring expenditure and Delhi. On receipt of printed material, Rs. 5,000/- in each case for non­ according to the procedure authorised by recurring expenditure the Ministry of Home Affairs, 75% iv) Incurring of expenditure on advance payment is made to the printers. entertainment (light refreshment) After making the necessary advance payment, upto Rs. 200/- per annum the bill along with printed material is sent to the State Controller of Printing and Vide Ministry of Home Affairs' No. Stationery for scrutiny and check. Previously 4/36/58- RG dated 20.11.1959 : under the procedur~adopted during the 1961 v) Grant of recurring or non-recurring Census, these bills used to be scrutinized honoraria to officials and \ to in the office' of the Chief Controller, non-officials other' than those in his Stationery and Printing, New Delhi own office for work done in entailing considerable delay. The revised connection with Census Operations procedure was introduced to facilitate vi) To act as Controlling Officer for his timely payment of final bills to the own and hi. establishment's T. A. printers. CHAPTER XII

CENSUS CIRCULARS

Despite my personal aversion to sending phase in advance. However, we tried to printed or cyclostyled circulars and conduc­ make our letters as brief as possible, ting Census through a correspondence tourse direct and in most cases, informal. The with District Census officers and Charge serial number of the more important Superintendents, I could not altogether circulars and letters, subject and date of avoid the written word and had to address issue and reproduced at Appendix-XXXV these officers through letters about each are indicated below :-

S.No. Circular No. Subject Date oj Issue

1. Cen. 23/6203-11/69 1971 Census Operations-Outline of preparatory measures 17-9-1969 2. Cen. 23/6241-50/69 Conduct of 1971 Census-Selection of Zonal Officers 19-9-1969 3. Cen. 23/7078-87/69 1971 Census Operations-List ofsnow­ bound areas of Jammu & Kashmir State 27-9-1969 4. Cen. 23/7483-7529/69 Census 1971-Constitution ofEnumera­ tor Blocks & Supervisory Circles and Selection of Enumerators and Supervisors 4-10-1969 5. Cen. 23/7977-8022/69 -do- 16-10-1969 6. Cen. 23/8039-8096/69 Census 1971-T.A. & D.A. Claims 16-10-1969 7. Cen. 23/8127-8182/69 Census 1971-Demarcation of Enume- rator Blocks, Supervisory Circles etc. 17-10-1969 8. Cen. 23/3032-8081/69 Census 1971-Preparing of Charge Register 18-10-1969 9. Cen. 23/9159/69 Census 1971 -Appointment of personnel for. Census duty 19-11-1969 10. Cen. 23/9239-9308/69 Census 1971-Training for the first phase viz; housenumbering and houselisting 24-11-1969 II. Cen. 23/11374-122/69 Census 1971-Coverage of housel and population falling in forest areas 8-12-1969 12. Camp/I 9-46/69 Census 1971-Housenumbering and houselisting 26-12-1969 58

S. No. Circular No. Subject Date of Issue 13. Cen. J.l/98·12/69 Census 1971-Moratorium on transfers of personnel put on Census duty... 3·1-1970 14. Cen. 23/13225/69 1st phase of 1971 Census Operations viz; housenumbering and houselisting ... 12·1·1970 15. Cen. J.l/244-47/69 Census 1971-first phase viz; house· numbering and houselisting 14·1·1970 16. Cen. J.l/421.8/69 Census 1971-Weekly Performance Re- ports 21·1·1970 17. Cen. J.l/467.28/69 Census 1971-Training for the first phase viz; housenumbering and houselisting 29·1.1970 18. Cen. J.l(i)/1013-65/69 Preparations for the second phase- Census enumeration 30·3-1970 19. Cen.78/759-812/70 Preparations for the second phase- population enumeration 21.4-1970

20. Cen. 23/1~06-65/70 Meeting of Census clerks 23·5.1970 21. Cen. 86/2076-2122/70 Census 1971-Coverage of bakar· wals, nomadic population, forest labour etc. 26-5·1970 22. Cen. 78/2281·2302/70 1971 Census-Individual Enumeration 30-5·1970 23. Cen. 78.11/3440-42/70 Census 1971-General Enumeration 1-7-1970 24. Cen. 78/6293·6314/70 1971 Census-Snow-bound (non-acces- sible) areas-Collection of records ... 1-9-1970 25. Cen. 78.11/6159-6586/70 Census 1971-Training of Census Field Agency for the General Enumeration in wholly accessible areas 2·9.1970 26. Cen. 78/6535·54/70 Census 1971-Spot inspection of the field work 3-9-1970 27. Cen. 78/8541-50/70 Census 1971-Ban on release of Census figures 19-10-1970 28. Cen. 78-11/8844-69/70 Census 1971-Meeting of Census Clerks 3-11-1970 29. Cen. 102/9573-9615/70 Census 1971-Submission of Provisional Census Totals 26-11-1970 30. Cen. J.l(ii)/168-213/71 -do- 16-1-1971 31. Cen. J.l(ii)/558-600/71 1971 Census-Enumeration 16-2-1971 32. Cen. 101/13241-83/70 1971 Census-Enumeration 9-3-1971 33. Cen. 101/13-55/71 1971 Census-Collection and despatch of records 1-4-1971 OTHERS WHO HELPED

On behalf of the Census Organisation 1 I. Shri G. N. Turi, Deputy Director, of Jammu & Kashmir, it gives me great Information Department, Jammu pleasure to put on record my sincere and Kashmir thanks to numerous persons who throughout 12. Shri Qaiser Qalander, Assistant the period Census Operations were on, Station Director, Radio Kashmir, extended their help and cooperation to the Srinagar Census Department in full measure. Of these, for want of space, I am obliged to 13. Shri K. D. Uppal, Assistant Director mention here only a few: of Informati~n, Jammu I. Shri O. N. Dhar, I.A.S., Secretary 14. Shri Habib Ullah Allaqaband, News to Chief Minister Editor, Radio Kashmir 2. ShriMohi-ud-Din, I.A.S., Secretary to Government, Education Department I have no hesitation in saying that but for their consistent active support, the 3. ShriVedPrakash, LA.S., Secretary to Government, Finance Department 1971 Census enumeration would not have turned out to be the success that it did. 4. Shri Sardar Ajit Singh, I.A.S., Controller, Stationery and Printing Lastly, I feel I would be failing in my 5. Shri A. L. Maini, Station Director, duty if I do not record my appreciation Radio Kashmir, Srinagar for the commendable service rendered by 6. Shri V.B. Aggarwal, Station Director, all those who were associated with 1971 Radio Kashmir, Jammu Census at various levels of responsibility 7. Shri N. A. Khan, Deputy Transport including my own staff in the Census Commissioner, (Garages) Organisation. Were I to mention them 8. Shri G. R. Dar, Deputy Director of by n'ame individually, the list would run Education, Kashmir Province into several pages. However, I wish to 9. Shri Ghulam Ahmed, Deputy acknowledge gratefully the help rendered Secretary to Government, General to me by Shri V. K. Tiku, my Stenographer, Department, now Liaison Officer in not only typing out the manuscript 10. Shri Mohammed Amin, Deputy and correcting the proofs but digging up Secretary to Government, General a whole host of references from the office Department record, relevant to this report.

Srinagar, J. N. ZUTSm the 20th May, 1971 APPENDIX I (Vide Introduction-Para 6)

D. O. No. 37/1O/68-RG MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS A. CHANDRA SEKHAR REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA, 2A, MANSINGH ROAD, NEW DELHI-II. 12th December, 1968

CENSUS OF INDIA 1971-CIRCULAR NO. 1 We are all privileged to be members that the Indian Census enjoys as the of this great Organisation. The years single fruitful source of information about you will spend with the Census Organi­ the country. sation will be one of the most rewarding. 2. Unlike at the earlier censuses when You will soon acquaint yourself with the the Census Organisation was being built great work that your predecessors at the up once in ten years like a phoenix earlier censuses had achieved. This has, with the Census Superintendent as th~ however, been the result of hard, sustained first individual to report himself without and dedicated work, unmindfut of one's own even an office room for himself to start comforts. In your new assignment you with, and had to create everything and _ may at times find yourself denied of the build up the office and the rest of the ,- comforts and privilE'ges that you might Census Organisation, you are fortunate have normally expected as the head of that you have now succeeded to a conti­ a department or the head of a district nuing Census Office and there is a fairly or in a Secretariat post under the State adequate nucleus staff in the office which Government. Yet, the work you will co~tains a good number of experienced have done as Superintendent of Census personnel of the previous Census. While Operations will be one of the most you may thus be spared the initial enduring and of lasting value. The work problems of setting up an office, you will you are charged with will be quite straightway be diving into the thick of exacting. You will have to win the the preparatory measures for the next confidence and cooperation of the State Census, the success of which will depend Government as well as a host of State entirely on your ingenuity, leadership and Government officials throughout the State, hard work and you shall have to enthuse and also of the local bodies and various the State officials at all levels for Census other individuals over whom you may work by your own personal example. have no administrative control and it is only by commanding their good will that 3. The pattern of Census operations you can get the best out of them. It is likely to be basically the same as in the is the unstinted efforts of all the dedi­ past, subject to certain variations that cated workers associated with the Census will be explained. You will greatly bene­ that had helped to build the reputation fit by the Administration Reports recorded 61 by your predecessor- of the last Census State Governments not to give effect to in your State as also of those in other any changes of boundaries after 31-12-1939. States as well. You are well advised to If at all the State Governments contem­ go through them and get a feel of the plate any changes, it is hoped that they problems that are to be tackled. would have given effect to them much earHer than this date. You may, therefore. 4. The work relating to Census opera­ in consultation with the State Govern­ tions can be divided to fall under two ment, bring all your maps up-to-date well broad heads, viz., (I) the Census enume­ before the end of 1969. These maps will ration, and (2) the Census tabulation and be useful for determining the location publication of reports. code numbers of each administrative unit 5. The objective of the Census enu­ which will facilitate the allotment of meration is to see that the entire area jurisdictions to Census Officers in a in your charge is fully covered without systematic manner without overlapping or omission or overlapping and every indivi­ omission thus ensuring complete coverage dual is enumerated and the required of territory. particulars of the individuals and house­ 7. You have to take a decision ut:!. holds are recorded on certain prescribed gently on the smallest administrative unit schedules truthfully and accurately with for which the primary Census data will reference to a particular point of time' be presented at the next Census. The as notified, and by a correct application experience of the last Census recordea by of concepts, by an enumeration agency your predecessor will help you to' take which is most carefully trained for the a decision. You have to decide whether purpose. the revenue village or the village panchayat 6. One of the earliest tasks in pre­ or gram-sabha, etc., should be the smallest paring for the Census, therefore, is the l'ural unit for the purpose of Census. It building up of district and tehsil/thana is always desirable to choose a viable maps indicating the boundaries of all and stable unit with definite fixed administrative units down to the village. boundaries. These should generally be You may be fortunate to have already comparable with the units of previous inherited good maps prepared at the last censuses. A revenue village with the

Census on a scale of 1W = I mile or I" = definite surveyed boundaries is generally 4 miles. I believe your office had already preferred. In some States, Census Officers taken upon itself the task of bringing had thought of recognising even hamlets these maps up-to-date, taking into account of villages as units of enumeration and all changes of boundaries that might the presentation of primary Census data have occurred since the last Census. It separately for these units. This may be is important that this work should receive feasible at least for the larger hamlets. first priority so that these maps are Since the list of villages with the primary finalised as quickly as possible. The State Census data provided by the Census Governments were already addressed by serves as an invaluable frame for all types the Ministry of Home Affairs vide their of future studies, suggestions have also letter No. 28/66/68-Pub. I dated the 15th been made that in respect of large April, 1968, a copy of which should be villages the primary Census data may be available in your office, requesting the furnished for portions of villages which 62 may constitute separate Census enumerators' enable us to have better comparability with blocks. Suggestions have also been made the data of the last Census. The detailed that where a village panchayat is recog­ data of area and population from which the nised as a Census village, the data for density can be derived and the composition individual revenue villages that may of the working force for each rural and constitute the panchayat should be sepa­ urban unit provided at the 1961 Census rately given. You may like to give careful will make it easier for you to apply the thought to these questions and let me criteria laid down above and determine know of your views as early as possible. the urban status more accurately. You may Sometimes, in the midst of unsurveyed examine the cases of all rural units of areas such as the tribal agencies, forest 1961 which might have had a population areas, etc., groups of habitations are of 4,000 or more at the 1961 Census which recognised as rural units in the village can be expected to have crossed 5,000 series at the Census. It will be necessary population mark by 1971, to see if the for you to clearly define the boundaries composition of the working force, the density of such units as to be definitely identi­ of population and other factors would fiable by any other organisation who may qualify those places to be categorised as like to use the series as a sampling frame. urban. In the Census General Report of 8. Two broad divisions of areas, viz., your State, your predecessor might have rural and urban, have always been recog­ already given some guidance in this matter. nised ,at the censuses. It will be necessary At the same time, you may also see if there to demarcate these two categories as early are any areas recognised as urban at the as possible. The definition of an urban unit 1961 Census which did not deserve to conti­ as was evolved in India for adoption at nue as urban either due to any reduction the 1961 Census was as follows:- in the population size or other factors. This work must also be completed as early as a) All places with a municipality, cor­ possible since you have to develop your poration or cantonment or a notified location codes for your State quickly. I town area. expect that your effice might have already b) All other places which satisfied the done some exercise in this regard. You following criteria were also recognised may kindly finalise these, get the concurrence as towns: of the State Government also and let I) A minimum population of 5,000 ; me have the final list of towns, as quickly as possible. 2) At least 75 per cent of the male working population was non-agri­ 9. The town group was another concept cultural; and that was developed at the 1951 Census and followed with a little more liberal definition A density of population of at least 3) at the 1961 Census. However, it is felt that 1000 per sq. mile (390, per sq. there was no uniform application of principles km.). in the constitution of town groups. This This definition, by and large, had wor­ question was discussed recently at a seminar ked well' and has brought about some of geographers, SQciologists, economists. town uniformity of concept throughout the country. planners and other scholars at Delhi and it It is proposed to continue the same defi­ has been suggested that the following nition at the 1971 Census also which will criteria may be applied in recognising a 63 group of urban units to constitute a town will be convenient to develop a location group. code under which each district in your State 10. Two or more towns may be is allotted a distinguishing code number and within each district, each tehsil or clustered together as a ~own group when the core town has a population of 100,000 or thana is allotted a serial number and ulti­ more and the distance of the adjacent towns mately within each tehsil or thana every does not exceed ten miles from the periphery village and town is allotted separate,series of the core town and also there is functional of numbers so that by a combination of the linkage between the towns to be included code numbers allotted to each one of in the town group. The intervening area, these units in the hierarchy, it would be if any, between the towns constituting the possible to have a complete location code town group, if it is rural need not be by which any particular village or town treated as part of the town group. within a State can be conveniently indicated. The towns are distingui~hed from villages 11. Since it is reasonable to expect by the allotment of a Roman coae number. a fairly high growth rate of urban . for the town, whereas for the villages, popula tion between 1961 and 1971, you the code number will be in Arahic numerals. may examine the cases of all the Class I Thus 3/6/79 will represent village No. 79 (population of 100,000 and above) and in tehsil No.6 of district No.3. Or 3/6/ II Class II (50,000 to 99,999) towns of 1961 would mean town No. II in tehsil No. 6 of Census whose populations are likely to district No.3. If it is proposed to recognise reach 100,000 by 1971 and try to locate each of the larger hamlets for the purpose the possible future town groups. Your of giving primary Census data it may be predecessor might have already indicated necessary to give a sub-number to the in the Administration Report or the General main village number as say 79 (i), 79(ii) Report of 1961 the areas which might and so on to identify the hamlet. If to deserve to be treated as town groups. this location code is added within brackets 12. The idea of recognising the town the house number that may be allotted to group is that the life in the constituent a house within a village or town, e. g., units of the town group around a large 3/6/79[1-109] we shall have a system by urban centre II.lay be so articulating that which every house and within it, every it may be more realistic to give an integ­ household in all local ateas can be indicated rated, picture of the group together in the by a convenient location code. This will presentation of the data. The concept of be extremely useful for the purpose of a Town Group referred to in para 10above depiction on the Census Schedules and also may undergo further change on the basis while demarcating the jurisdictions of Census of some more fresh thought being given enumerators. You may like to acquaint to it by the Town and Country Planning yourself fully with the system of location Organisation and other bodies. If there is codes that was developed at the 1961 going to be any change I shall let you Census. We shall follow the same system. know. For the present you may take However, on an examination of the location action as suggested in para 11 above. code system last adopted in your State, if you find any defects, they can be 13. When once the State is divided into rectified. definite administrative territories down to the smallest unit of village or town, it 14. It has been found that in some 64

cases, at the last Census some local variations plementation of the scheme of permanent had been made by the field staff and housenumbering. You may get yourselffuJly some other elements such as the enume­ acquainted with the Manual on House­ rator's number and so on, had been introdu­ numbering that had been issued. In some ced into the location code and it was found States, good housenumbering system may t~t the allocation of slips to the correct be already in existence and every house village became difficult at the tabulation may already be bearing a prominent house­ stage. It is, therefore, necessary to have number. In others the painting or affixing a uniform and well-understood system of permanent house numbers may take adopted throughout the State. The location their own time, depending on the finances code numbers could perhapS" follow the of the local bodies concerned. But the geographical con tiguity as at 1961 Census preparation of a layout plan is an essential rather than the alphabetical orde~. preliminary step which should be taken up immediately through the normal adminis­ 15. The old location code will have to trative agency of the Government or the be brought up-to-date, taking into considera­ municipal of panchayat administration. tion the changes, if any, in the jurisdictions This can serve as the basis for you to allot· of any of the administrative boundaries. house numbers which can be indicated on I t will b~ useful for you· to draw up a the layout sketch and these can be marked statement showing the location code number on the doors of houses by chalk or tar now allotted for the 1971 Census for each etc., on the eve of the houseIisting operation. village and town and the corresponding These housenumbering sketches need not location code number of that unit at the be to scale but even notional maps with • 1961 Census, for the purpose of comparison adequate details to identify every house as also to make sure that all the units of will go a long way in achieving the objective the 1961 Census are fully accounted for. in view, viz., the ultimate demarcation of the You will have to ensure that the system jurisdictions of the enumerators' blocks so of location code numbers is fully under­ as to ensure equitable load on the enume­ stood by the enumeration agency and that rators and complete coverage of area. In the code numbers allotted to each village die notional maps, not merely should the or town are correctly noted on the schedules built up area be shown but the entire of that particular village or town. area of a village within its recognised boundaries. This will enable a complete 16. The preparation o~ layout sketches coverage of' the entire geographical area of every village and town should be taken constituting the villagt'. At the 1961 Census, up immediately if not already done, in at the stage of houselisting, such sketches which the location of every building and were prepared. The quality of work vastly house, residential, or non-residential, should differed as the work had to be done in be shown and the important landmarks some hurry by some enumerator's themselves. such as roads, rivers and canals, wells, Now, if you start this work even now in temples, important public buildings, etc., a systematic way and get the work complet­ should be indicated. This will serve as a ed by the normal administrative machinery, basis for a rational housenumbering scheme such as the revenue or panchayat agency at to be evolved. I expect that your office, the village level and the municipal or with the assistance of State Government, cantonment agency at the urbli\n level, you should have already started on the im- are likely to have far better layout plans 65 that will prove very useful for your work. for, the Census enumerator is expected to Four,copies of such layout plans could be:' work outside of his normal working hours prepared, one copy to be kept at the town and he would obviously find it convenient or village itself, one to be kept at the to attend to this if the area allotted to tehsil or Police Station headquarters, and him for Census purposes, is close to his two copies to be kept in your office. These residence. It was also the experience at maps, if prepared carefully on sheets of the last Census that some institutions uniform size, can be built up into convenient furnished the list and others did not, and, atlases for each tehsil/thana and can serve so much so, the Census personnel were as invaluable reference material for the pur­ selected only from the institu~ions which pose of Census operations as well as for furnished' the lists. This led to unnecessary various other statistical or administrative burden on some institutions. You may purposes. You may, therefore, please con­ have to ask the local Census Officers to centrate on the preparation of these layout see that all the institutions and offices sketches immediately. The Manual on within their jurisdiction do furnish the Permanent Housenumbering, a copy of which . lists of all the personnel. It may be should already be available in your office, good to gather some particulars about the will be the guide for the preparation of age and qualifications of the persons these village and town layout sketches. offered for Census work. 17. While the- above preparations go 18. It will be advantageous for you on, you should also determine the best to get the officials at various levels i. e., agency suitable for Census ennmeration at the District, Sub-division, tehsil/thana work. The experience of 1961 Census in and town level, notified Census Officers your State will be useful. By and large, under the Census Act as early as possible. the school teachers proved to be the This will also give you the necessary best agency. This will have to be of authority to direct the operations and course supplemented by others. The also make the local Census Officers res­ observations recorded by your predecessor ponsible to you. You may get yourself of the last Census will help you in the thoroughly acquainted with the provisions selection of the enumeration agency. You of the Census Act. The State Governments. should get the officer in charge of the generally extend all kinds of assistance to tehsil, thana or municipality to prepare the Census Superintendent for the success­ an inventory of all the personnel that ful completion of the Census operatians. will be available for Census work. While Various concessions are also extended to such a list may be got ready about a year the personnel put on Census duty. You in advance of Census enumeration, you may like to get yourself acquainted with may have to request the State Govern­ the instructions issued in the past and ment to issue. instructions to the effect you may persuade the State Government that the personnel selected for Census to issue suitable instructions to meet the work should not be disturbed till the· pre~ent needs. Census enumeration is completed. It may be necessary that the list of such per­ 19. At the last Census, a tradition sonnel is prepared with reference to the has been started of canvassing a uniform place of residence of the individual con­ Houselist with some simple questions on cerned and not the place of his work, housing and on which also particulars of· 66 the size of the household were collected. population ideally suited for an enumerator. This Houselist served the purposes of a For Census purposes obviously, it is more Housing Census and yielded quite valuable important that we have blocks of convenient data on housing. The Houselist provided population size to ensure complete and an advance estimation of the population convenient coverage. The enumerators' for each local area which would enable blocks had been generally indicated in the you to demarcate the jurisdictions of each past in terms of merely house numbers that Census enumerator equitably so that they are constitute a block such as, for example, all of more or less uniform size and such along a straight road, house number 1 to that they can be covered by the e~umerator house number 150 may form one enumera­ within the period allotted to him. At the tor's block and house numbers 151 to 250 next Census also a similar Houselist will be may form another enumerator's block depen­ canvassed. The houselisting will have to ding on the population size. Sometimes, be done about February-April, 1970 i. e., the layout may be such that a cluster of about an year in advance of the Census houses will have to be allotted to an. enumeration. enumerator. Again, in a village which has: both the built up area as also the cultivated' 20. The experience of the last Census, area around with some odd farm houses, as also the first pretest of the draft it will be necessary to clearly indicate the questionnaires for the 1971, showed that the area allotted to an enun'lerator especially size of the enumerator's block in rural areas if a large village is divided between more may be about 750 to 1000 -in population, than one enumerator. It is desirable that i. e., about 150 to 200 households, and in an over-all control map of the village in the urban areas, about 600 to 750 popu­ the jurisdiction of each individual Census lation, i. e., 120 to 150 households. You enumerator's block should be clearly demar­ shall have to get your local charge super­ cated and shown, even if the enumerator's intendents to demarcate the Census enume­ block may be linear merely following a row rator's blocks accordingly. The formation of house numbers along a street. At the of the enumerators' blocks is most important same time, it may be advantageous to get and the area of each enumerator's block each enumerator to prepare a separate sketch should be clearly defined with reference of the area allotted to him in which he can to the boundaries as well as the house set out in little more detail all the landmarks numbers that actually fall within his block. and all the individual houses that constitute The housenumbering layout sketches, in his block. The name of the street along conjuction with the Houselist, will enable which his jurisdiction may lie and also the the charge superintendents to carefully names of the adjoining streets and localities demarcate the Census enumerator's block. can be shown. This may greatly help in The Census enumerators' blocks so formed easier identification of the enumerators' at the census served as a· frame for all blocks in future. The Census enumerator types of future sampling studies as well. can be required to furnish this sketch along A general criticism has been levelled that with the enumeration ab,stract which he the Census enumerators' blocks were not would be required to furnish at the end of easily identifiable. 'It is true that it may be Census enumeration. difficult to reconcile between an area with some natural physical boundaries such as 21. In several urban areas the National roads and streets, and the desired size of Sample Survey organisation had already 67 prepared an urban area frame. This was and printed locally in your State language. used at the 1961 Census in some States for I believe some translation has already been the purpose of forming the Census enumera­ attempted by your staff of the first draft. tor's blocks. You may examine if the urban This has to be merely brought upto date to area frame so prepared is easily identifiable take into account the further changes in on ground and if the Census ennmerator's the schedules and these can be pretested. block can be conveniently formed as to con­ You may take about 1000 urban households form to this frame. and 1000 rural households for the pretest. You may, for the purpose of the pretest, 22. A special feature of the 1971 Census divide them into blocks of about 100 house­ will be that in 10 per cent of the enumera­ holds. You may pretest the household forms tion blocks in urban areas and 10 per cent alone with individual slips in half the num­ of rural villages a seperate household form ber of the blocks and the individual slips will also be canvassed besides an individual along in the other. half. You should try to slip that will be canvassed on a universal engage the same· type of enumerators for basis. The instructions for the sampling the pretest as will be appointed ultimately design and the selection of the sample will at the actual Census. You may have to· be canvassed on a universal basis. The get suitable instructions issued by the State instructions for the sampling design and Government to the District Officers to help the selection of the sample will be issued to you in the conduct of the pretest. Ulti­ you separately from this office in due course. mately, the responsibility of successful It is adequate for you to know at this stage enumeration will. fall on your shoulders. that it will be necessary for you to have a You should utilise the opportunity of tnis good frame of the enumerator's blocks from pretest to satisfy yourself that the concepts which the sample will have to be selected. can be fully understood by the enumerators For these sample blocks a slightly better and the enumerated and that there is no qualified enumerator who may be a graduate scope for any misinterpretation. You shall or at least a matriculate, if possible, should have to intensively train the local officers be appointed. in charge of the pretest work who should, 23. A set of the second draft schedules in turn, train the field enumerator thoroughly. that have been developed for the next Cen­ An important document which the enumera­ sus is enclosed. Copies of the instructions tor will be required to fill at the next Census for filling them will follow. The first draft is the Enumerator's Abstract which is quite of the schedules was pretested by the State different from what was adopted at the 1961 Census Offices. The papers and proceedings Census. In the Abstract now prescribed of the Ist conference of May, 1967 for for the 1971 Census, the enumerator will be developing the schedules and of January, required to carfully post some data from 1968 in which the experiences of the pretest each individual slip at the end of each day were discussed should be available in your and ultimately the entries are all totalled office and you may like to study them. and an abstract for the enumerator's block is prepared on completion of enumeration. 24. You will have occasion to now Particular importance is attached to this as pretest the second draft. The experience it is proposed to release the provisional you will gain at the pretesting of the Census population data after the actual Census is schedules will be valuable. You may have over on the basis of the totals that these the schedules, and instructions translated abstracts provide. I would like you to 68 particularly assess to what extent the 28. The intensive training of the enumerator has been able to post the Census personnel at the various levels data in his abstracts accurately. The from the District staff down to the actual Census supervisors should be made parti­ enumerator will be one of the most im": cularly responsible for the correct posting portant items of Census operations. Much of these statements. of the success of the Census will depend 25. We shall finalise the schedules and on the quality of training imparted. You instructions for the actual Census soon after will undoubtedly be assisted by a good you complete your pretest and we shall have number of Deputy Superintendents of occasion to discuss your experiences at a Census Operations whom you shall have meeting before we finalise them. to appoint adequately in advance. Most of them will have to be in position by 26. Besides the decennial Census opera­ the end of 1969. You shall have to tions, the State Census Offices are charged undertake training programme for the with the responsibility of handling several houselisting from early in 1970 and then other projects such as the Annual Sample after the Census enumeration blocks are Census, Sample Registration, Social Studies formed and Census .,numerators appointed,' and so on. You may get yourself acquainted the training of the enumeration staff with the work already going on in these will have to be taken up in the second various fields. Your' main concentration half of 1971. It is important that the' should, however, be on the successful District Census Officers, Charge Superin­ of the 1971 Census operations. completion tendents in charge of Tehsils, Towns and 27. As in the past, the Census enume­ special areas etc., should be very thoroughly ration of the household population will be trained first as they have to train up in sprpad over a period of about 19 days from turn the other Census personnel under 10th February to 28th February, 1971 them. Every Census worker should receive with a revisional round of three days not merely theoretical training but should from lst March so as to bring have adequate practical training in actual the data uptodate as at sunrise of lst March, enumeration. Each should practice enu­ 1971, which would be the reference date merate a good number of households for the 1971 Census. The houseless persons before completion of the training. Your may have to be enumerated by a single predecessor of 1961 must have already night enumeration on the 28th February, laid down guide-lines in this regard and 1971. In the areas difficult of accessibility might have also suggested, improvements non-synchronous enumeration will have to of procedure. You shall have to give be resorted to spread over a longer time. careful attention to the training programme. The experience of 1961 Census in your State! I enclose for your information a circular Territory will be useful. It is likely that on training issued at the 1961 Census since 1961 several of the inaccessible areas in Andhra Pradesh which you may find might have been opened up with better of some use. communications and the developmental activities may have made available adequate 29. Apart from the careful training personnel to serve as Census enumeration of the Census enumeration staff it is staff so that enumeration ,in such areas can important that the citizens should also be be carried out at the same time as in therest fully informed of the objectives, utility of the country. You may like to examine this. and contents of the Census. An effective 69

publicity programme such as through day there should be no difficulty in newspapers, radio talks, posters, school communicating the provisional figures by 'lessons, block extension services, film the targetted time. By careful organIzation strips and various other media should be and efficient system of relay it should launched at the appropriate stages. be possible for us to publish the provi­ sional population totals almost immediately 30. The entire Census Organisation after the completion'of Census enumeration. should be fully kayed up and kept at a complete state of readiness to launch on the 32. Immediately after the enumeration Census enumeration as programmed. For is completed, the Census schedules will this purpose you should draw up a Census have to be received at Ii number of calendar indicating the various targetted regional tabulation offices. A regional dates by which each of the preparatory tabulation office will have to be opened measures of the Census enumeration should to cover 5 to 6 million population. It be completed. The Census calendar drawn will be necessary to secure buildings for up for 1961 Census can help you dra w this purpose adequately in advance. You up the calendar for the next Census. may have to be in the look out for them You should constantly review the prog­ even from the end of 1969. As at 1961 ress of work and assure that the target­ Census one Deputy Superintendent of ted dates are adhered to at each step. Census Operations will be appointed for A mass operation such as the Census can each one of the regional tabulation office. succeed only if each stage of the opera­ It is proposed to appoint these Deputy tion is planned and executed carefully Superintendents even from about December, according to a definite programme. 1969 so that they may assist you in the houselisting programme from early 1970 31. The provisional population totals and also later on in supervising the for­ will have to be announced as early as mation of enumerators' blocks and the possible after the completion ~ of Census training of Census personnel. The experience enumeration. At the 1961 Census the of 1961 showed that these Deputy Super­ provisional totals of several States were intendents appointed adequately in advance relayed to the Registrar General as early can be of great assistance to the Census as 7th March, 1961. The provisional Superintendent. You should be on the totals of districts had started reaching the look out for capable, energetic and dedi­ Census Superintendents immediately after cated members of the State Civil Service the revisional round was over i.e., 5th whose services could be secured on depu­ March, 1961. (In 1961 the revisional tation from December, 1969. These round was extended till 5th March 1961 Deputy Superintendents when appointed due to intervening Holi festival). It could immediately locate buildings for should be possible at the next Census to opening regional tabulation offices. Later have the provisional figures even earlier. on they will have to recruit a large The revisional round is expected to be number of sorters, train them, control completed by 3rd March, 1971 itself. I them and get the primary sorting and had already referred to th~ form of tabulation done as quic~ly as possible. Enumerator's Abstract prescribed for the next Census. If these are carefully posted 33. In the regional tabulation offices by the enumerator then and there each the sorting of the schedules for producing 70 the primary Census data for the smallest 35. Details of the tabulation pro­ unit of the village in the rural area and gramme and the instructions for sorting the enumerator's block in the urban area and tabulation will issue in due course will have to be taken up manually as from the Registrar General's Office. was done at the 1961 Census. The other 36. Details of the publication pro­ tabulations are proposed to be done by gramme for the 1971 Census will be taking a sample of the individual slips. worked out in due course in consultation Therefore, at the regional tabulation office with the Census Superintendents. The the drawing of the sample schedules will limitations of printing proved to be one be an important item of work. A team of the greatest bottle-necks at the 1961 of carefully trained staff may have to be Census. We shall discuss and decide how earmarked for this purpose. It is tentatively best to get over it at the 1971 Census. proposed to tabulate 10 per cent of rural In the meantime, any suggestions you slips and 20 per cent of urban slips. may have in this regard will be welcome. The 10 per cent of the rural slips may Generally much time is lost between the be manually sorted and tabulated at State completion of Census operations and the Headquarters and 20 per cent of the availability of the Census data to the urban slips may be processed through public. I t would appear desirable to computers. This means that cards may publish as quickly as possible handy have to be punched to take the data of popular ver~ions, well illustrated, giving the 20 per cent of the urban slips. The out several basic Census data which are data from the household forml which are of great use and interest to the Govern­ convassed in 10 per cent sample areas ment and the public. The primary Census will be fully processed. Adequate number data will have to be published as quickly of persons will have to be trained at as possible. each State Headquarters to see that by the time the punching of cards is taken 37. While the District Census Hand­ up the trained punch operators are available. books had 'proved extremely useful in the Further detailed instructions will issue in past we shall give some thought as to due course. what form they should take at the next Census so that· they could be brought out 34. The data on the Houselist may as early as possible after the Census be processed by about 20 per cent samp­ enumeration is completed. ling of the entries which will be coded and transferred to punch cards. The key 38. We have a great task ahead and punch installations and the trained key I have little doubt that the Census punch operators should, therefore, be in Organisation will fulfil its responsibility position in each of the State Census the way it has always done. Offices even by about March/April, 1970. Wishing you every success,

Yours sincerely, Sd/- (A. Chandra Sekhar) APPENDIX-II (Vide Introduction-Para 2 )

NUCLEUS ORGANIZATION AS EXISTED ON THE EVE OF PREPARATIONS FOR 1971 CENSUS

S.No. Nam, and d,signation Scale of the Post

1. Shri Abdul Ahad, Head Assistant Rs. 350-475 2. Shri J. K. Nanda, Socio-economic Investigator Rs. 210-425 3. Shri 'Bashir Ahmed, Socio-economic Investigator Rs. 210-425 4. Shri Masood Ahmed, Draftsman Rs. 150-240 5. Shri Abdul Hamid Hakim, Draftsman -do- 6. Shri Syed Asghar, U. D. C. Rs. 130-300 7. Shri Gulam Qadir, U. D. C. -do- 8. Shri Ghulam Butt, L. D. C. Rs. 110-180 9. Shri Abdul Ahad, Proof Reader Rs. 150-240 10. Shri Mohd. Yaqub, Proof Reader -do- ll. Shri Sheikh Gh. Mohd., Steno-typist Rs. 110-lS0 plus special pay of Rs. 20/- p. m. 12. Shri Gh. Ahmed Baigh, Technical Assistant Rs. 130-2S0 13. Shri H. L. Kalla, Tabulation Officer Rs. 350-475 14. Shri B. L. Bhan, -do- -do- 15. Shri C. L. Chehrit, -do- -do- 16. Shti B. L. Tiku, -do- -do- 17. Shri Abdul Jabar, Statistical Assistant Rs. 210-425 18. Shri Mohd: Yusuf, -do- -do- 19. Shri Gh. Mohi-ud-Din, -do- -do- 20. Shri Shamus-ud-Din, -do- -do- 21. Shri Mohd. Amin, Computor Rs. 150-300 22. Shri A. M. Kalloo, -do- -do- 23. Shri M. K. Koul, -do- -do- 24. Shri H. U. Malik, -do- ·do- 72

S.No. Name and designation Seale of the Post

25. Shri Gh. Hassan Dar, Assistant Compiler Rs. IlO-lSO 26. Shri Mehraj-ud-Din, -do- -do- 27. Shri Abdul Salam, -do- -do- 2S. Shri C. L. Chowdhry, -do- -do- 29. Shri Badri Nath, -do- -do- 30. Shri Kamal-ud-Din, -do- -do- 3!. Shri Gh. Mohd. Butt, -do- -do- 32. Shri Ab. Aziz Teli, -do- -do- 33. Shri Khurshid Ahmed, -do- -do- 34. Shri P. K. Khosa, -do- -do- 35. Shri Gh. Mohi-ud-Din, -do- -do- 36. Shri Basharat Ahmed, -do- -do- 37. Shri J. K. Bakhri, -do- -do- 3S. Shri Mohd. Yusuf Shawl, Daftari Rs. 75-95

39. Shri Mohd. Syed, Orderly R~. 70-S5 40. Shri Gh. Mohd. Butt, -do- -do- 41. Shri Bushan Lal, -do- -do- 42. Shri Habib-ullah, -do- -do-

43. Shri Abdul Aziz. -do- -do- 44. Shri Gh. Nabi, -do- -do- APPENDIX-III (Vide Introduction-Para 6) GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR GENERAL DEPAR~ENT GoverlUlleDt Order No: 3049-GD of 1969 dated: 4.9.1969

It is ordered that:- 1...... 2...... , the services of Shri J. N. Zutshi are placed at the disposal of the Government of India for appointment as Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir, vide Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, letter No. F. 28/233/68-Pub. I(pt) dated 25th August, 1969. 3. Shri B.P. Sharma, Joint Director, Field Survey Organisation, will hold current charge of the post of Director, Field Survey Organisation, until further orders. By order of the Government of Jammu & Kashmir. Sd/- (H. R. Sharma) Secretary to Government, General Department.

No.31-GD(EST)/IAS/66 dated, the 4.9.1969 Copy for information and necessary action to the:- 1. Registrar General, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi 2. Shri L. D. Hindi, Under Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi 3. All Secretaries to Government 4. All Heads of Departments 5. Secretary to Governor/Chief Minister 6. Secretary, Public Service Commission 7. Manager, Government Press, Srinagar 8. Accountant General, J & K, Srinagar 9. P.As to Ministers/Ministers of State/ Deputy Ministers for information of the Ministers 10. P.A. to Chief Secretary/Add). Chief Secretary 11. All Officers/Sections of the General Department 12. Deputy Secretary, Anti-Corruption 13. All officers concerned Sd/- (D. L. KauJ) Under Secretary to Government, General Department. APPENDIX-IV (Vide Introduction-Para 56)

D. O. No. R. M. 1800/69 REVENUE AND RJ!:HABIUTATION MINISTER SRINAGAR. September 5, 1969

My dear Zutshi Sahib, I am happy to learn that you have been selected to be in-charge of Census Operations in our State. I am sure you will make a fine job of it. You are leaving the, Information Department after nearly 22 years and I think it appropriate, on this occasion, to make a brief mention of the outstanding work which you have done during this time. You showed good deal of initiative and drive while establishing the department of Broadcasting & Community Listening in the State. As a matter of fact, the Information Department acquired the present dimensions because of your persistent effort' in building an efficient publicity service for this State. It has grown vastly since 1947 and there have been numerous occasions during these years when it has given a good account of itself. I have no doubt that all of us will miss you but we take comfort from the fact that you will be doing an equally important job in future.

I wish you all success in your new assignment.

With kind regards,

Yours sincerely,

Sd/- (G. L. bogra)

Shri J. N. Zutshi, Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar. APPENDIX-V (Vide Introduction-Para 11)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS JAMMU .AND KASHMIR SRINAGAR D.O. No. Cen.23/5828-37/69 Dated: 6th September, 1969

My dear I .wish to inform you that I have taken over as the Director of Census Operations &. Ex-officio Superintendent, Census Operations, Jammu &. Kashmir, on 5.9.1969. As in the past, the Census of 1971 beckons us to a collective action. I am sure, you will continue to lend us your valuable cooperation for the successful accomplishment of this important ta~k. As per existing practice, you are being notified by the State Government as the District Census Officer for the area under your jurisdiction. I need hardly stress the fact that yours will be a pivotal role and t,hat we will be leaning heavily on your initiative and drive for the smooth conduct of these operations. As is already known to you, matters which need your special and urgent attention iI1'clude delimitation of territories and allotment of jurisdictions, preparation of various registers, training of enumerators, supervision of field operations and transmission of Census data to the Census headquarters. The programme of action for the entire operations has been laid down in the Census Calendar, a copy of which I am enclosing for your information. The calendar will have to be followed strictly so that each phase of the operations is completed by the scheduled date. There is only a little time left now before both you and we will get intensively engaged with the first phase of these operations namely housenumbering and houselisting. I shall, therefore, be writing to you soon in detail in this behalf. Meanwhile, I look forward to meeting you at your headquarters both to seek your guidance as well as discuss the proposed operational and organisational arrangements, in your district~

With regards, Yours sincerely, Sd/- (J. N. Zutlhi) To All Deputy Commissioners of Jammu &. Kashmir State (excepting D. C. Ladakh) APPENDIX-VI (Vide Introduction-Para 56)

CHIEF MINISTER No. CMS (Genl) 74/69 Srinagar, September 8, 1969

My dear Zutshi Sahib,

Thank you for your letter of September 4, 1969. While wishing you success in your new assignment, I am glad to convey to you my appreciation of the useful work done by you as Information Secretary and Director, Field Survey Organisation. We will no doubt miss you but since you have gone on a better assjgnment~ I did not wa~t to stand in the way.

With affectionate regards and best wishes,

Yours sincerely,

Sd/- (G. M. Sadiq)

Shri J. N. Zutshi, Superintendent, Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir. Srinagar. APPENDIX-VII (Vide Introduction-Para 6)

(To be published in the Gazette of India Part III Section I)

No. 6J27/69-Ad.I GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA

2/A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi-lI, the 15th September, 1969 Bhadra, 1891

NOTIFICATION

The President is pleased to appoint Shri J. N. Zutshi, Information Secretary and Director, Field Survey Organisation, Government of Jammu &. Kashmir, as Director of Census Operations and Ex-olficio Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu &. Kashmir, with effect from the afternoon of the 5th September, 1969 until further orders. His headquarters will be at Srinagar.

Sd/- (A. Chandra Sekhar) Registrar General, India and Ex-olficio Joint Secretary to the Government of India.

To The Manager, Government of India Press, Faridabad (Haryana). APPENDIX-VIII , (Vide Chapter III-Para 2) CENSUS CALENDAR (Accessible Areas) 15th June. 1969 (i) Preliminary discussions with the State Government to regarding appointment of Census Officers. 15th July, 1969 (ii) Arrangements for preparations of up-to-date Town/City/ Tehsil and District Maps. (iii) Recognition of new towns that qualify and declassi­ fication of existing ones if they did not satisfy the definition of a town. 15th July, 1969 (i) Checking of Tehsil maps with village lists and assigning of to location code numbers to all units. 31st August, 1969 (ii) Preparation of General Village Register and Town Register. (iii) Collection of area figures from the DireCtor, Land Records/ Local Bodies in respect of Districts/Tehsils/Cities/ Towns/Reconciliation of district Total-Rural/Urban areas. (iv) Collection of administrative statistics from various agencies (non-Census data) for Part I of the Town and Village Directories.

(v) Delineation 0 of standard urban area in terms of Rural and Urban units. 1st September, 1969 (i) Notification of Census Questionnaires and Instructions to in the gazette as required by the Census Act. 15th October. 1969 (ii) Appointment of District Census Officers and Charge Officers. (iii) Constitution of Blocks and Supervisors' Circles for the purpose of Housenumbering and Houselisting. 16th October. 1969 (i) Issue of instructions explaining Houselisting operations. to (ii) Training classes for District Officers and Charge 15th December, 1969 Officers in Housenumbering, Houselisting and Establishment Schedules. (iii) Despatch of Houselists, Establishment Schedules, Enumerators' Abstracts and 'Instructions' Booklets to District Officers. (iv) Appointment -of enumerators and supervisors for Housenumbering and Houselisting operations. (v) Drawing up of a training programme for enumerators and supervisors for Houselisting. (vi) Publicity for Houselisting. 79

16th December, 1969 (i) Training classes for the enumerators and supervisors to for Housenumbering and Houselisting operations ,31st January, 1970 including canvassing of Houselist and Establishment Schedules as a practical exercise through Training Schedules. (ii) Publicity for Houselisting. February, 1970 Housenumbering, Houselisting and canvassing of (1st to 28th Feb., 1970) Establishment Schedules and preparation of notional maps showing the layout of houses and the numbers allotted to them. Srd to 18th March, 1970 Arrival of the Houselists and Establishment Schedules at the District Headquarters.

18th to 31st March, 1970 (i) Arrival of these schedules at the Headquarters of the S.C.O's. (ii) Recruitment and training of Key Punch Operators and Supervisory Staff to be done in February-March, 1970. lst April, 1970 Checking of the houselists for completeness, Sampling to of Houselists, coding and punching of Houselists and 31st May, 1970 Establishment Schedules commence in the Tabulation Offices. April-May, 1970 Preparation of charge register-delineation of Blocks and Supervisors' Circles on the basis of the 1971 (1970) Houselists.

June, July and Aug., 1970 (i) Selection and earmarking of Census enumerators and. supervisors in each charge. (ii) Compilation of part I (Non-Census data) of the Village and Town Directories. (iii) Preparation of data for A-Series tables for Columns other than those which relate to 1971 Census data. (iv) Training Enumeration Slips and Instructions to reach every District Office and Charge Office.

1st September, 1970 to (i) Detailed instructions to be issued formulating the .15th November, 1970 Training Programme of Census Officers at all levels including enumerators and supervisors. (ii) Training of District Officers and Charge Superinten­ dents for filling up the Individual Slips. (iii) Publicity measures. (iv) Despatch of Individual Schedules to District Headquarters. 80

16th November, 1970 to (i) Reassessment of the Blocks and Circles constituted 6th February, 1971 and finalisation of charge lists by Charge Superintendents. (ii) Issue of appointment letters to enumerators and supervisors. (iii) Intensive training of enumerators and supervisors including Practical Exercise in enumeration on training schedules. (iv) Copying of abstracts of the Houselist for each Enumerators' Blocks. (v) Issue of Schedules etc., by the Charge Superintendents to the enumerators. 10th February, 1971 to Census Enumeration. 28th February, 1971 Night of 28th Feb., 1971 Enumeration of Houseless Population Ist March, 1971 to Revisional Round. 3rd March, 1971

REPORTING OF PROVISIONAL TOTALS:

4-3-1971 to 6-3-1971 (i) By enumerators. 6·3·1971 to 7.3-1971 (ii) By supervisors. 8-3-1971 (iii) By Deputy Charge Superintendents. 9-3-1971 (iv) By Charge Superintendents. 10-3-1971 (v) By District Census Officers to Superintendent, Census Operations and Registrar General, India. 11-3-1971 to 5·4-1971 Sending of records to the Office of the Superintendent of Census Operations by District Census Officers. APPENDIX VIII-contd.

CENSUS CALENDAR (Snow Bound Areas)

15th june, 1969 (i) Preliminary discussions with the State Government to regarding appointment of Census Officers. 15th july, 1969 (ii) Arrangements for preparations of up-ta-date Town/City/ Tehsil and District Maps. (iii) Recognition of new towns that qualify and declassi­ fication of existing ones if they did not satisfy the definition of a town.

15th july, 1969 (i) Checking of Tehsil maps with village lists and assigning to of location code numbers to all units. 31st August, 1969 (ii) Preparation of General Village Register and Town Register. (iii) Collection of area figures from the Director, Land Records/Local Bodies in respect of Districts/Tehsilsl Blocks/Cities/Towns. Reconciliation of district totals­ Rural/Urban areas. (iv) Collection of administrative statistics from various agencies (non-Census data) for Part I of the Town and Village Directories. (v) Delineation of standard urban area in terms oniural and Urban units.

1st September, 1969 (i) Notification of Census Questionnaires and Instructions to in the gazette as required by the Census Act. 15th October, 1969 (ii) Appointment of District Census Officers and Charge Officers. (iii) Constitution of Blocks and Supervisors' Circles for the purpose of Housenumbering and Houselisting.

15th February, 1970 to (i) Issue of instructions explaining Houselisting operations. 31st ~rch, 1970 (ii) Training classes for District Officers and Charge Officers in Housenumbering, Houselisting and Esta­ blishment Schedules. (iii) Despatch of Houselists, EstabHshment Schedules, Enu­ merators' Abstracts and 'Instructions' Booklet to District Officers. 82

(iv) Appointment of enumerators and supervisors for Housenumbering and Houselisting operations. (v) Drawing up of a training programme for enumerators and supervisors for Houselisting. (vi) Publicity for Houselisting. (vii) Recruitment and training of Key Punch Operators and supervisory staff to be done in February-March, 1970. lst April, 1970 (i) Training classes for the enumerators and supervisors for to Housenumbering and Houselisting operations including 10th May, 1970 canvassing of Houselists and Establishment Schedules as a practical exercise through Training Schedules. (ii) Publicity for Houselisting. lIth May, 1970 Housenumbering, Houselisting and canvassing of to Establishment Schedules and 'preparation of notional 5th June, 1970 maps showing the layout of houses and the numbers allotted to them. 8-6-1970 to Arrival of the Houselists and Establishment Schedules 25-6-1970- at the District Headquarters. 25-6-1970 to Arrival of these schedules at the Headquarters of the 5-7-1970 S. C. Os. 5-7-1970 to Checking of the Houselists for completeness, Sampling 31-7-1970 of Houselists, Coding and Punching of Houselists and Establishment Schedules commence in the Tabulation Offices. June, July, 1970 (i) Preparation of charge register-delineation of Blocks and Supervisors' Circles on the basis of the 1971 (1970) Houselists. (ii) Selection and earmarking of Census enumerators and supervisors in each charge. (iii) Training enumeration slips and instructions to reach every District Office and Charge Office. (iv) Detailed instructions to be issued· formulating the training programme of Census Officers at all levels including enumerators and supervisors. (v) Training of District Officers and Charge Superintendents for filling up the Individual Slips.. (vi) Publicity measures. (vii) Despatch of Individual Schedules to District Headquarters. 83

Ist August, 1970 . (i) Reassessment of the Blocks and Circles constituted and to finalisation of charge lists by Charge Superintendents. 10th September, 1970 (ii) Issue of appointment letters to enumerators and supervisors. (iii) Intensive training of enumerators and supervisors including practical exercise in enumeration on training schedules. (iv) Copying of abstract of the HouseHst for each Enumerators' blocks. (v) Issue of Schedules etc., by the Charge Superintendents to the enumerators. 12-9-1970 to Census Enumeration.- 30-9-1970 Night of Enumeration of Houseless Population. 30·9-1970 1·10·1970 to Revisional round. 3·10-1970

REPORTING OF PROVISIONAL TOTALS:

3·10·1970 to (i) By enumerators. 5·10·1970 5·10-1970 to (ii) By supervisors. 8-10-1970 8-10-1970 to (iii) By Deputy Charge Superintendents. 12·10-1970 12·10-1970 to (iv) By Charge Superintendents. 16·10-1970 16-10-1970 to (v) By District Census Officers to Superintendent, Census 20-10-1970 Operations and Registrar General, India. 20·10·1970 to Sending of the records to the Office of the Super. 15·11-1970 intendent of Census Operations by District Census Officers. APPENDIX-IX (Vide Introduction-Para 12) THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Vol. 82 I Srinagar, Wed., the 17th Sep., 69/26th Bhad., 1891. (No. 24-1) PART-I-A Jammu and Kashmir Government-Orders GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR. GENERAL DEPARTMENT. NOTInCATION . Dated 17th September, 1969 SRO-519-In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section 4 of the Census Act. 1948 (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) the Govetnment of Jammu and Kashmir hereby appoints every officer specified in Col. 1 of the table below to be Census Officer of the designlltion mentioned in Col. 2 within the local areas specified against each in Col.3:- Col. 1 Col. 2 Col. 3 Officer Designation Local area Director & ex-officio Super­ Director &: ex-officio Super­ The whole of the State of intendent of Census Ope­ intendent of Census Opera­ J&:K. rations. J &: K State tions, J & K State Dy. Superintendent orCensus Dy. S-aperintendent of Census -do- Operations, J & K. Operations, J & K. Srinagar Srinagar Dy. Superintendent of Census Dy. Superintendent of Census Jammu Province Operations. J & K. Jammu Operations,] & K,]ammu Dy. Commissioners of District Census Officers Their respective jurisdiction Districts Administrator, Srinagar Muni­ Charge Superintendent Municipal limits of Srinagar cipality Administrator,Jammu Muni­ -do- Municipal limits ofJammu cipality Territorial Tehsildars All areas within their tehsils other than Municipalities and the special 'charges' constituted for cantonments Executive Officer, Badami­ Badamibagh Cantonment bagh Cantonment Executive Officer, Jammu -do- Jammu Cantonment Cantonment Naib.Tehsildars in indepen­ .do- All areas within their dent cbarge of Niabats respective Niabats 85

2. The State Government further in pursuance of sub-section (4) of section 4 of the said Act, hereby delegate to the. following officers the power of appointing Census Officers specified ag,inst each within the local limits of their respective juris­ dictions as specified in col. 3 of para 1 above;-

Col. 1 Col. 2 Officer To whom empowered to appoint

Dy. Commissioners of Districts Dy. Charge Superintendents (District Census Officer) (Zonal Officers)

Administrator, Srinagar Municipality Supervisors and Enumerators (Charge Superintendent)

Administrator, Jammu Municipality -do- (Charge Superintendent)

Territorial Tehsildars -do- (Charge Superintendents)

Executive Officer, Badamibagh Cantonment -do- (Charge Superintendent)

Executive Officer, Jammu Cantonment (Charge Superintendent)

Naib-Tehsildars in independent charge of -do- Niabats (Charge Superintendents)

3. The State Government also in pursuance of sub-section (3) of section 4 of the said Act, hereby authorises every officer mentioned in Col. 1 of para 2 above to issue in writing the declaration referred to in the said sub-section in respect of all Census Officers appointed by him. By order of the Government of Jammu & Kashmir.

Sd/- Secretary to Government, General Department. APPENDIX-X (Vide Introduction-Para 53) GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU " KASHMIR

D. O. No. GD (Adm) 588/69-iii· Census Dated, Srinagar the 31st October, 1969 My dear , The preparation for the next decennial Census has already started and the first part of Census i. e., houselisting and housenumbering of accessible areas will be done in February-April, 1970, and of the inaccessible areas in May-June, 1970. The second part of the operations i. e., enumeration will be done in February-March, 1971 in accessible areas and in September, 1970 in inaccessible areas. The responsibility for these operations rests primarily with the District Census Officers. But this responsibility will not be efficiently discharged unless the Charge Superintendents, Deputy Charge Superintendents, Supervisors and Enumerators, employed on Census work also take full interest in the work and do it with zeal and enthusiasm. In order, therefore, to ensure that the officers employed on Census work in different capacities take full interest in the duties assigned to them, Government desire that a special note may be made in their annual Confidential Reports for the years 1969-70 and 1970-71 with regard to the interest taken by them in this behalf. While making this entry, it will be assessed to what extent the officer organised the Census work, supervised it personally and was able to secure accurate as well as prompt work from the subordinate Census staff. The officers working under you may be informed that their interest, enthusiasm, personal supervision and leadership in Census work will be taken. into account while assessing their armual work for 1969-70 and 1970-71. Likewise these instructions will apply to your work as well. Please acknowledge receipt of this letter. Yours sincerely, Sd/- (P. K. Dave) Shri Deputy Commissioner, (District Census Officer)

Copy forwarded to the:- I. Financial Commissioner, Srinagar 2. Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu, for keeping a note of the above instructions while assessing the annual work of the various officers appointed as Census Officers in different capacities 3. Director' and Ex-officio Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar for information in reference to his No. Cen. 23/7193/69 dated 29.9.1969 4. All Secretaries to Government 5. All Heads of Departments APPENDIX-XI (Vide Introduction- Para 16)

GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR GENERAL DEPARTMENT

CIRCULAR

Attention of Secretaries to Government and Heads of Departments is invited to this office communication No. even dated 25.8.1969 wherein the District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) were directed to appoint Census Officers for conduct of 1971 Census Operations. It has been decided that the personnel once appointed for Census duty should not be transferred until the operations are over unless there are very exceptional grounds in exigencies of service. It may please be ensured that these instructions are strictly adhered to.

Sd/- (H. R. Sharma) Secretary to Government, General Department.

NO. GD(Adm)588/6~Census Dated 15.11.1969 Copy to:- 1. All Secretaries to Government 2. All Heads of Departments 3. All Deputy Commissioners. They should send a list of officers/officials selected by them for Census work in various capacities to their concerned Divisional and Heads of Departments 4. Secretary to Governor/Chief Minister 5. Secretary, Public Service Commission 6. Secretary, Legislative Assembly/Council 7. Director and Ex-officio Superintendent of Census Operations, J&K, Srinagar 8. All Sections of General Department

Sd/­ (Mohd. Amin) Dy. Secretary to Government, General Department. APPENDIX-XII (Vide Chapter III-Para 1 )

GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU &: KASHMIR REVENUE DEPARTMENT To The Financial Commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir State, Srinagar.

NO. REV(S)68/57 Dated, the 7.6.1968

Subject:- Boundariel of administrative units-fixity during 1971 Census Operations Reference: General Department's U.O. NO. GD(Adm)277/68 Census dated 28.5.1968

With reference to the above noted subject and correspondence, I am directed to impress upon you the urgency of the matter. . As per paragraph 3 of the copy of letter No. 2B/66/68-Pub. I dated 15.4.1968, from the Joint Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi to the Chief Secretary, Jammu and Kashmir, it is essential that all proposals for reconstitution or making adjustments in the jurisdiction of Revenue Villages, Tehsil, District, etc., which may be pending or which may be taken up in the near future are finalised and given effect to before lst July, 1969 and these changes are to be intimated to the State Census Superintendent concerned. It has to be ensured that no changes whatsoever are made in the boundaries of these units during the period from lst January, 1970 to 30th June, 1971. It is, therefore, requested that the matter be brought home to all the concerned officers.

Sd/- Secretary to Government.

Copy to the:- 1. Secretary to Government, General Department. 2. State Census Superintendent, Srinagar for information.

Sd/- Deputy Secretary to Govt •• Revenue Department. APPENDIX-XIII (Vide Chapter. II -Para 2) SET OF DRAFTED SCHEDULES EVOLVED BY THE REGISTRAR GENERA.L ON THE BA.SIS OF THE FIRST PRE·TEST REPORTS

ClNIUS .'" "'No. D 511' ______co__ , ...... 1IIp L_ _.r- -, N ...... Cod. _____ .. ______...... t_ I I ~~-~,~------.-~ y, ::~~,-;_: -,-c- i· i:: fT: T-- ---,-[:j I 112_- L __ L._.I ""10'" 'a' ... _110141...... ,' ______--= ,.-, ,. ,~,_.._ L.-'I I r-,' 1- ,_ J So_ 0 ,.)-", L_" 4 AC. ____,______~------,------,.)N,..,_...... ,IM ...... ul/U", co ______:-L _.J-~ ) ...... Sat.. ______I '0'= ,..-,.-""-, r I ______•L _ L_.JI I __ JI ,r-, ------oi ~ j: I fbll/U ______., .a: (-T-' ::. ,. , Oeocn ....o ., C ~ 1 I I f ':; ...... ------_. -----_._- .[1--+--• I I ....1 -'1 ,.,s..o,------~_.J __ L._.J eo .. "lry ______r -"--'T--' ______....; _~I __ LI _.JI ".-, fll:~:~:: I"a.. .. ______L_...;I , I:: -r-'I I ,<,010."tCl· ______; --I--~-' ----- ~ ,'t ,.,'• .lu/ ::11"::" ~ EJ G }[=J .... __ " __ L_J C."'"&', ______,., ... -...If 11II1fIIIJ ______,____ ..:.. • Dur_ ..... ,.,-.. r-l I y-'!'~'!;------~ L_ .. ,_i ... .L._._I I ...., ...., 1___ ...... ______1<'_"bL ______lob :L __-r-1IO '-_j Cloo ______,·, .....··., .....WJ/u ... ,--r-, ~ ,,_ .... ,.... _------1 • I I.e.. L __ L_..J II .r r--,--, c----~i0 , , ,. f. r------, l __ L_.J Ir-T-'--' I I I ~ ... _...... ______J ~ __ 1 .. _~ __ .J. __ .. ~-., !! , • ) DeKn,&tIM .. U "1:... 4,,'''1010 ______...rll. ______

!r-.., I II L••• ·", '-_.I ,0 ... , 6. t r-;-~ r -..,.- -r-, I I I I ;: :--~-_l,.,Goo •. ------­ I._.J __ .!._r--, -" ~ ~ __ ~_.J '-I, .. h. r- ",Clo ... ,-..... - ...... ------______L_J I ,--r",t I , IS. McK"'er _1or L __ oL_ -'__ .I ______It_ .. "". -'-I'· -1--____-;:====:::;;--;:::-; :--r-l OIW '-.L_.. " •.. "" .. ______» !.:':"o" / / ~--1 ~. ,---_____J L_~ 90

CENSUS OF HouseU.tiDg HOQSE. Name of District ...... Code No ...... Name of Taluk/Tehsil/Thana/Anchal/Island ...... Code No...... Purpose fot which Census If vacant, give Is it used Predominant COlIJtruction house is used, reasons (e. g. wholly or Material of Census House e.g. residence, Dilapidated, partly as an Building No. shop,shop-cum- unsuitable for establishment? (Municipal Census Age of residence, busi- occupation, Yes ot No. I f Line or Local House the nesa, factory, seasonally yea. enter fur- No. Authcrity No. House workahop, vacant, under ther details in or Census school or other repair or CODS- Schedule B and No., if any) institution, truction, etc.) indicate the Material Material Material bank, commer- aerial No. of of Floor of Wall of Roof cial house, that entry here office, hospital, hotel, etc. ot • vacant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

I Signature of Enumeratot...... Date· ...... 91

INDIA 1971 Schedule-A LlST Name of Village or Town...... Code No...... Name or number of Ward/Mohalla/Enumerator's Block...... Code No ......

If used wholly or partly as a dwelling

Does the No. of persons normally - household residing in Census Household . No.ofliving live in owned on day of visit of the Does the Household Name of the IfS. C. or rooIIll in the or rented enumerator household No. Head of S.T. occup3.tion house? cultivate land Household of census (a) Owned either owned or household (0) I rented? Males Females Total (Yes or No) (b) Rented (R)

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 It! 19 I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I I I I I I ! I I I i I i i I I I I I I ! I I ! I ! I I 1 i I I I I I I i I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I

Signature of Supervisor ...... _......

Date ...... ~ ...... 92

CENSUS OF Hou8eli.tiDg ESTABLISHMENT Name of District...... Code No...... Name of Taluk/Tehsil/Anchal/Thana/Island ...... Code No......

If any manufacturing, If used as any other esta- processing or servicing blishment. Describe e. g. Serial Census House No. is done, is it (a) Regis- ,. If used as shop or Govt. Office, school, hospital, No. tered Factory (b) House- business house Railway Station, barber', hold Industry (c) Un- (a) Wholesale or saloon, Cinema theatre. registered Workshop (b) Retail lJotel. Tea mop. etc.

I 2 !I 4 5

Signature of Enumerator ...... Date ...... 93

INDIA 1971 Schedule-B ,SCHEDULE Narne ot Village/Town...... Code No: ...... Name or No. of Ward/Mohalla/Enumerator'sBlock ...... ;...... Code No ...... Description of the products processing or Average number of Name of the Establish- Is the establishment servicing done in persons working daily Type of fuel or ment or of the (a) Govt. (b) Private establishments coming last week or in the last power used in proprietor (c) Co-operative under col. 3 or of the working season establishments Institution goods sold/bought in includin, proprietors coming under col. 3 establishments coming or family workers under col. 4 6 7 8 9 10

I

I Signature of Supervisor ...... Date ...... 94

CONFIDENTIAL CENSUS 1971 HOUSEHOLD FORM PART I POPULATION RECORD (To be compiled from Individual Slip)

Serial Relationship Sex Marital Literacy Description of If not No. Name to head Age Status (OorL) work working (Principal category M F work) -4--5- --I 2 3 -- 6 7 8 9 10

I I I I I I I I I I

I i I I I I I

PART 11 HOUSING 'SCHEDULE Number I Kind of fuel Age of Whether of rooms Owned Rent I Drinking Water Supply Is there I Is there used by the the 'Pucca' occupied or I paid, Distance, if Electric a privy ? household for house or by the Rented if rented Source not within Supply? (Yes or No) dome. tic 'Kacha' household the house (Yes or No) purpose. ---1- -- 2 3 4 ; 6 7 8 9 10

- - 95

PART III PERTILITY SCHEDULE LoCation code...... Household No...... Name of village or town ...... Name of Head of Household ...... Does he belong to S. C. or S. T.? If so, ll81lle of Caste/Tribe ...... I Serial No. of the woman as in the Population Record 2 Name of Ever-married woman, i.e. Married/ Widowed / Divorced or Separated f (a) At present I ...... 3 Age (b) At what age was she married ? ...... 1 (c) What was the husbands' age then ? 4- Educational level 5 Religion (a) Description of work of the woman 6 Principal { ...... Work (b) Description of work of the husband M F M F M F M F ( (a) Now (i) Present here I living ...... , ...... f •••• 7 Number I { (ii) Living elsewhere of I ...... children ~ (b) Born alive but now dead born to date I (c) Total of (a) 8t (b) I l Cd) No. born dead f (a) Did she give birth to a child during I the period from (the prescribed 8 Particulars I festival day last year) to date: 'Yes' or 'No' ...... childm~ j born (b) Was it a live birth or still birth ? ......

I (c) Sex of the child (M or F) day month year day month year day month year I da1riyear l (d) Exact date of birth I I I I I I 9 If 'No' in 8(a), when was the last child born

PART IV FAMILY PLANNING SCHEDULE (To be collected from any male in the household of age 35 years or less who is currently married) Nazne ...... 5 Principal work ...... 8(a) Doel he or his wife practice 6 1& he aware offamily family planning ...... planning methods ?...... 2 Age ...... 7 What methods is he aware of (i) ...... (b), What method is practiled ...... 3 Religion ...... ~~~) ...... 4- Educational level ...... (111) ...... ' ...... (c) Sillce whell ...... APPENDIX-XIV (Vide Chapter II-Para 4 ) HOME MINISTER'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS

Friends, new dimension to the Census operations. It was expected to yield information I am happy to be with you today as regarding such a variety of aspects of the you begin your deliberations to finalise the nation's economy like population growth, details of an operation which is unsurpassed its distribution, urbanisation, manpower, both in regard to its size as also its employment, literacy, migration, housing importance. The great care exercised by and so on. The planners as well as the the Government in ensuring that only Research Scholars look for detailed and such persons are put in charge of these sophisticated data on the trends in operations at the State-level as are occupational and industrial affiliations of outstanding and have the necessary the working population, fertility patterns, aptitude, ability, willingness and capability age and educational levels etc. Census .to handle this onerous task, is a measure has to meet this increasing hunger for of the importance that is attached to this data. work. I must congratulate you at having the privilege to be associated with the . 3. Lack of data can well be the most forthcoming Census operation. serious bottleneck in the process of 2. We have rich tradition of taking planning in developing countries. We were complete censuses of population from the fortunate enough to have at least the year 1872. The Census has, of course, minimum basic data regarding the total grown over this period both ill quantitative population, its gl'Owth, distribution etc. and qualitative terms. The Indian Census But as the economy advances, the sectoral today is universally acknowledged as the inter-dependence, need for regional balance most authentic and comprehensive source of and various other complexities come in. information about our land and the people. This makes varied demands for more and With the dawn of independence and the more data. The twin factors of large adoption of a democratic system of data and higher reliability of it in government the importance of authentic explaining the various policy variables then data on population was enhanced. The become of critical imEortance. Data size of the legislatures as also demarca tion collection and decision-making are two of electoral constituencies depended on the inseparable and inter-dependent aspects in statistical information regarding the size the process of planning. In this strategic of the population and its geographical task, you form an important link and I distribution. These data are invaluable am sure you will be proud of this role. also for the implementation of constitutional Over last 100 years, the Census operations provisions like the welfare of the socially have been keeping-up with the varied and economically backward classes. The demands of changing times. A greater advent of the Five Year Plans added a degree of sophistication has come into 97 our methods of collection . tabulation and its tasks. I am glad to understand from analysis of statistical data during this the Census Commissioner that short courses period. of training are proposed to be organised for all the Census officers. During the 4. It is precisely because of the inter-censal period, several members of the crucial role it plays in indicating the staff of the Census Organisation had possible policy. variables in diverse fields received advanced training in J ndia and that the Census statistics will have to abroad. We have to keep pace with the meet the test of accuracy as well as advanced techniques in the rest of the timeliQ.ess. Even the slightest doubt about world. We may have to gradually change its reliability or any delay in its publication over from some of the antiquated techniques would defeat the very purpose of the like manual sorting of data etc., however operation. In matters of collection of data well it might have served the purpose in filling up of questionnaires etc., I hope the past when the tabulations were you would appreciate that the success or comparatively simpler. The need for more otherwise of this gigantic effort will and more sophisticated cross tabulation of depend on the performance of the last data is now being felt and it has to be link in the chain, be it the Gram-Sevak provided in quick time. Unless you or the school teacher, who will do the modernise some of the techniques of actual enumeration. Our task should be processing of data by taking recourse to to enthuse that agent in the process of electronic computation, you may not be this work so that they undertake enumeration able to adequately meet the requirements. with interest. They will also have to be At the same time, computerisation of given the necessary guidance so that the enormously large data as that of the system of enumeration does not vary from Indian population Census is no simple person to ppr~on. All the persons involved matter. In fact it presents several other in the CCllliUS work have to be alive to problems which cannot be readily resolved. the importance of the whole operation I realise that it may not be possible to otherwise they may come to regard it as change overnight to complete processing of only an additional demand on their time. the entire- Indian Census data on an Due care will also have to be taken by electronic computer. Some sampling you to see that questionnaire does not procedures have to be adopted to get the become so complicated as to be beyond the data processed in time. This again requires comprehension of both, the enumerator adequate application of new skills which and the enumerated. I understand that perhaps the past Census procedures did finalising the Census questionnaire is one not involve. At the same time, the of the main tasks before your Conference. traditional methods of sorting and tabulation Much of the success of Census enumeration of data will also have to be resorted to will depend on the care and attention you for some simpler tabulations requiring the give to this basic task. provision of basic data for small units. 5. The Cehsus operations are becoming Your aim should be to complete the more and more technical and intricate. processing of data accurately and quickly To keep up with the need for increasing and made them available to the consumers sophistication, the Census Organisation has within reasonable time. Often much time to acquire adequate technical skills to fulfil is lost between the completion of Census 98 enumeration and publishing of the Census country. I understand from the Census Tables and reports reducing their value to Commissioner that at the next Census, a considerable extent. Urban Studies will occupy a central place among the ancillary projects. This is a 6. I hope that you will also give step in the right direction. Despite a some thought to the way of presentation large proportion of India's population being of the Census results and reports. The rural, increased urbanisation will be an Census reports are generally so bulky and mevitable concomitant of the socio-economic so full of figures that one is not progress of the country as has been the readily attracted to them. Censu!! data experience of several developed countries. are of great relevance and value to the At this point of transition in India, studies common man. I do trust that at the on the process of urbanisation are bound next Census you will be able to bring to be valuable. - out some popular versions of the Census analytical reports to render them interesting 8. Your responsibilities are great. Your to the common man and at the same task is none too easy though I have no time be educative. Your findings and your doubt that it is a very fascinating one. observations will be greatly valued. You Census would require single minded are bound ~o be objective in your approach devotion on your part. It would be your and you would have the necessary data to task to inspire the entire machinery under support your findings. you in the State to greater and greater effort in this work of national importance. 7. Apart from producing dry statistics. The next Census of 1971 makes an the Indian Census has followed a fascinating important landmark in the Census history. tradition of taking up ancillary studies in It marks the completion of hundred years different fields and adding to the fund of of modern Census taking in our country. knowledge. While the main purpose of We could justifiably take pride in this Census taking is not lost sight-of, these achievement. I am sure all of you will ancillary studies h~ve gready helped in strive your utmost not only to maintain giving a meaning to much of the statistical but enhance our rich tradition in Census data produced at the Census. At the taking. Your deliberations would lay the last Census, I am told. the socia-economic foundations for a sound superstructure for surveys of a large number of villages the completion of this work. I am very formed the main plank of Census ancillary happy to inaugurate this Conference. I studies and these had been greatly acclai­ wish you all godspeed and success in the m.ed by the scholars in and outside the completion of the tasks ahead of you. APPENDIX-XVI (Vide Introduction-Para 14)

DATES AND CENTRES OF TRAINING CLASSES HELD DURING FIRST PHASE IN ACCESSIBLE AREAS OF THE STATE

Date Venue of Training Name of Name of Charge District Ka.hmir RegiOD : 28.11.1969 1. Dak Bungalow, Tangmarg Gulmarg Baramulla 2. Dak Bungalow, Kupwara Kupwara Baramulla 3. Panchayat Garh, Aishmuqam Anantnag Anantnag 4. Town Hall, Anantnag Anantnag Anantnag 5. Higher Secondary School, Ganderbal Ganderbal Srinagar 6. ;Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 29.11.1969 1. Dak Bungalow, Tangmarg Gulmarg Baramulla 2. Dak Bungalow, Kupwara Kupwara Baramulla 3. Panchayat Garh, Aishmuqam Anantnag Anantnag 4. Town Hall, Anantnag Anantnag Anantnag 5. Higher Secondary School, Ganderbal Ganderbal Srinagar 6. Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 1.12.1969 I. Tehsil Office, Bandipore Bandipore Baramulla 2. Lower High School, Kralapora Kupwara Baramulla 3. Inspection Hut, Kathsu Pahalgam Anantnag 4. Block Office, Mattan Anantnag Anantnag 5. Higher Secondary School, Ganderbal Ganderbal Srinagar 6. Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 2.12.1969 1. Tehsil Office, Bandipore Bandipore Baramulla 2. Lower High School, Kralapora Kupwara Baramulla 3. Inspection Hut, Kathsu Pahalgam Anantnag 4. Block Office, Mattan Anantnag Anantnag 5. Higher Secondary School, Ganderbal Ganderbal Srinagar 6. Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 3.12.1969 I. Government Higher Secondary School, Handwara Baramulla Handwara 2: Sheerwani Hall, Baramulla Baramulla Baramulla 3. Tehsil Office, Pulwama Pulwama Anantnag 4. Niabat Office, Duru Anantnag Anantnag 5. Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 6. Higher Secondary School, Badgam Badgam Srinagar 100

Date Venue of Training Name of Name of Charge District 4.12.1969 J. Government Higher Secondary School, Handwara Baramulla Handwara 2. Sheerwani Hall, Baramulla Baramulla Baramulla 3. Tehsil Office, Pulwam3. Pulwama Anantnag 4. Niabat Office, Duru Auantnag Anantnag 5. Municipality Office, Srinagar Srinagar Srinagar 6. Higher Secondary School, Badgam Badgam Srinagar 7. Higher Secondary School, Charrar-i-Sharief Chadura Srinagar 19.12.1969 1. Dak Bungalow, Chandanwari Uri Baramulla 2. Sheerwani Hall, Baramulla Baramulla Baramulla 3. Dak Bungalow, Zainapora Shupiyan Anantnag 4. Block Office, Qazi Gund Kulgam Anantnag 5. Higher Secondary School, Charrar-i-Sharief Chadura Srinagar JaDUDu Region: 26.12.1969 1. Tehsil Office, Reasi Reasi Udhampur 2. Town Hall, Samba Samba Jammu 3. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Hiranagar Hiranagar Kathua 27.12.1969 1. Tehsil Office, R-easi Reasi Udhampur 2. Town Hall, Samba Samba Jammu 3. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Hiranagar Hiranagar Kathua 5. Tehsil Office, Rajouri Rajouri Rajouri 28.12.1969 Tehsil Office, R~jouri Rajouri Rajouri 29.12.1969 I. Town Hall, Katra Reasi Udhampur 2. Block Development Officer's Office, Badi Samba Jammu Brahamana 3. Deputy Commissioner's ,Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Hiranagar Hiranagar Kathua 30.12.1969 1. Government High School, Pouni Reasi Udhampur 2. Block Development Officer's Office, Samba Jammu Badi Brahamana 3. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Hiranagar Hiranagar Kathua 2.1.1970 1. Higher Secondary School, Kishtwar Kishtwar Dada 2. Dak Bungalow, Ramban (for the enume- Ramban Dada rators of Gool) 3. Niabat Office, Bishna R. S. Para Jammu 4. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 5. Tehail Office, Kathua Kathua Kathua 6. Govt. High School, Budhal Budhal Rajouri 101

Date Venue oj Training Name of Name of Charge District 3.1.1970 1. Higher Secondary School, Kishtwar Kishtwar Doda 2. Dak Bungalow, Ramban (for enumera- Ramban Doda tors of Gool) 3. Niabat Office, Bishna R.S. Pora Jammu 4. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 5. Tehsil Office, Kathua Kathua Kathua 6. Govt. High School, Budhal Budhal Rajouri

5.1.1970 1. Niabat Office, r\rnas Gool Gulabgarh Udhampur 2. Tehsil Office, R. S. Pora R. S. Pora Jammu 3. Tehsil Office, Kathua Kathua Kathua 4. Govt. Higher Secondary School, Haveli Haveli Poonch 6.1.1970 I. Higher Secondary Schnol, Kishtwar Kishtwar Doda 2. Niabat Office, Arnas Gool Gulabgarh Udhampur 3. Tehsil Office, R. S. Pora R.S. Pora Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Nowshehra Nowshehra Rajouri 5. Tehail Office, Kathua Kathua Kathua 6. Govt. Higher Secondary School, Haveli Haveli Poonch 7.1.1970 1. Higher Secondary School, Kishtwar Kishtwar Doda 2. Tehsil Office, Nowshehra Nowshehra Rajouri 8.1.1970 Tehsil Office, R. S. Pora R.S. Pora Jammu 9.1.1970 1. Government College, Baderwah Bhaderwah Doda 2. Town Hall, Udhampur Udhampur Udhampur 3. Tehsil Office, R. S. Pora R.S. Pora Jammu 4. Dak Bungalow, Sunderbani Nowshehra Rajouri 5. Tehsil Officl', Bashohli Bashohli Kathua 10.1.1970 I. Government College, Bhaderwah Bhaderwah Doda 2. Town Hall, Udhampur Udhampur Udhampur 3. Dak Bungalow, Sunderbani Nowshehra Rajouri 4: Tehsil Office, Bashohli Bashohli Kathua 13.1.1970 1. Government College, Bhaderwah Bhaderwah Doda 2. Niabat Office, Chenani Udhampur Udhampur 14.1.1970 1. Government College, Bhaderwah Bhaderwah Doda 2. Niabat Office, Chenani Udhampur Udhampur 3. Town Hall, Akhnoor Akhnoor Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Billawar Billawar Kathua

15.1.1970 1. Town Hall, Akhnoor Akhnoor Jammu 2. Tehsil Office, Billa war Billa war Kathua 3. Tehsil Office, Mendhar Mendhar Poonch 102

Date Venue of Training Name of Name of Charg' District 16.1.1970 I. Tehsil Office, Dada Doda Doda 2. Tehsil Office, Ramnagar Ramnagar Udhampur 3. Government High School, Jorian Akhnoor Jammu 4. Tehsil Office, Mendhar Mendhar Poonch 17.1.1970 1. Tehsil Office, Doda Doda Doda 2. Tehsil Office, Ramnagar Ramnagar Udhampur 3. Govt. High School, J orian Akhnoor Jammu 4. Niabat Office, Surankote Mendhar Poonch 19.1.1970 I. Tehsil Office, Doda Doda Dada 2. Rest House, Manwal Ramnagar Udhampur 3. S. R. High School,Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Niabat Office, Chhamb Akhnoor Jammu 20.1.1970 I. Tehsil Office, Doda Doda Doda 2. Rest House, Manwal Ramnagar Doda 3. S. R. High School, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Niabat Office, Chhamb Akhnoor Jammu 5. Higher Secondary School, Poonch Poonch Poonch 21.1.1970 Higher Secondary School, Poonch Poonch Poonch 22.1.1970 1. Government High School, Batote Ramban Dada 2. Cantonment Board Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 3. Tehsil Office, Rajouri Rajouri Rajouri 4. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 23.1.1970 I. Government High School, Batote Ramban Dada 2. Cantonment Board Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 3. Tehsil Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu 4. Deputy Commissioner's Office, Jammu Jammu Jammu '24.1.1970 Dak Bungalow, Banihal Ramban Dada 25.1.1970 Dak Bungalow, Banihal Ramban Doda 27.1.1970 S. R. High School, Jammu Jammu Jammu 28.1.1970 S. R. High School, Jammu Jammu Jammu APPENDIX XVII (Vide Introduction-Para 31)

LIST OF SNOW-BOUND AREAS

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Nam. of District T.hsil 1971 Loca- Name of tipn Code village tion Code village No. No. (I) (2) (3) (4) (I) (2) (3) (4) 18 Wazirithal Anantnag Pahalgam I Arow 19 Badugam 2 Mandlana 20 Saradal 3 Fraslana 21 Buglandar 4 Lidroo 22 GUIld Gul 5 Nalla Awoora Sheikh 6 Lehan Dajan 23 Husangam 66 Forest Block 24 Malangam 25 Baduab Srinagar Ganderbal I Nilagrar 26 Gujran 2 Sonamarg 27 Abdulin 3 Porajat Gagangir (A·-Rural) 4 Kolan Gulmarg 41 Harduauboora 5 Revil 42 Gund Dalwach 136 Forest Block 43 Buna Gund 44 Larik Pora Baramulla Bandipora I Korgbal 45 Buna Sharan 2 Bagtor 46 Malwah 3 Nail Kanzalwan 47 Gogal Dara 4 Bad wan Wan- 48 Hari Pora pora 49 Khara Pora 5 Khandyal 50 Dewa Pora 6 Dawar (Dard Pora) 7 Mastan Kohpri 51 Badrakot 8 Markoot 52 Dara Kashi 9 Achura Chor- 53 (Chandil) wan Wanigam 10 Kilohi Pain 77 Faja Pora 11 Barni 78 Mula Bangil 12 Zadgai 79 Haji Bal 13 Parana Talel 91 Watal Pora 14 Dangi Thai 96 Khaipora Bala 15 Jurinyal 97 Tetran 16 Manz Gund 98 Khaipora Pain 17 Niru 99 Maghal Pora 104

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of tion Code village tion Code village No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 100 Sherapora 28 Sudpura Talagam 29 Chatkari 101 Harnow Kawa- 30 Amrooi chak 31 Pararah 102 Forest Block 32 Pangtaran 33 Pingla Haridal {D-Urban} 34 Bahardas Koote Gulmarg Ward No. 35 Ibkoote N.A.C. 36 Daringla 2 Ward No.2 37 Teetwal 3 Ward No.3 38 Dragar 4 Ward No.4 39 Gundigojran 5 Ward No.5 40 Tarbansionary 41 Pernai Shahabathoo Baramulla Karnah 42 Karhama Katha WaH 43 Peir Panjoh 2 Jumagund 44 Gundi Sayedan 3 Patran 45 Gundi Shath 4 Mandian 46 Chatra Koote 5 Bore 47 Cham Koote 6 Keran 48 Dildara 7 Bugna 49 Kandi 8 Rewata 9 Nichian Kupwara 1 Harduing 10 Hajinar 2 Chunti Wari 11 Hindwal 3 Dudi 12 Hapat Khanni 4 Dab-Bal 13 Badwan 5 Misri Behak 14 Gomal 6 Machal 15 Bagh Bala 7 Pushwari 16 Tangdarah 17 Khawarpara (A-Rural) 18 Tarbuni 19 Chanipura Bala Ladakh Leh 1 Bogdang 20 Chanipura Pain 2 Warisfistan 21 Tad 3 Khemi 22 Nowangabra 4 Kobat 23 Kohnagabra 5 Odmaroo 24 Bijidarah 6 Hundri 25 Jubri 7 Largiab 26 Hajitrah 8 Seekoro 27 Dhanni 9 Tirche 105

District T,hsil 1971 Loca- Nam, of District T,hsil 1971 Loca- Nam, qf lion Cod, villag' tion Code villag' No. No. , (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 10 Kanfok 49 Chomathang 11 Temisgam 50 Noma 12 Hundar 51 Mood 13 Partab Pora 52 Manser 14 HundarDog 53 Demchook 15 Hemishopa 54 Koyul Chan 55 Anlay 16 Saspochi 56 Kitmang 17 Diskit 57 Karzok 18 Khardong 58 Samad Rakchan 19 Khalsar 59 Kerey 20 Khemakhumroo 60 Teri 21 Degar 61 Hemiya 22 Panamik 62 Tarchat 23 Chamshan 63 Upshie Charasa 64 Marcheang 24 Tegar 65 Hamis 25 Samoor 66 Stagna 26 Laggon 67 Chhachootgoma 27 Tanyar 68 Chhachoot 28 Durbok Shoman 29 Tanche 69 Pitak 30 Shachokol 70 Fiang 31 Manpangam 71 Umla 32 Phokche 72 Chuglamsar 33 Kargam 73 Likir Choshul 74 Ney 34 Tukla 75 Taroo 35 Lnkoor 76 Fai 36 Saktie 77 Chhachot 37 Chamrie Yakma 38 Thiksey 78 Stook 39 Shai 79 Matho 40 Saboo 80 Shang 41 Rambirpora 81 Changa 42 Nang 82 Meroo 43 Kharoo 83 Gia 44 Aigoo 84 Kharnak 45 Shara 85 Kiomarkha 46 Sharangoos 86 Youlchong 47 Likche 87 Rumbuk 48 Kengum 88 Chilingsumda 106

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of lion Code village tion Code villag' .No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 89 Lengshet 7 Barche 90 Fotoksar 8 Apati 91 Wanla 9 Lalung 92 Kangia ]0 Silmo 93 Tagmachik ] ] Chulichan 94 Lado ]2 GarkolJ 95 Lamayouro 13 Derchiks 96 Tarkhipti 14- Sanjak 97 Geraman Goo 15 Yogmakbarbu 98 Alcbie 16 Lamsusand 99 Nimmo 17 Karit 100 Bazgo 18 Pushkum 101 Saspo] 19 Kukste 102 Noila 20 Locbum 103 Khalsie 21 Darket 104- Tia 22 Tache 105 Damkbar 23 Shaker 106 Skin ding 24 Haknis 107 Kurbochan 25 Kuksho 108 Dab 26 Cbiktan 109 Hano 27 Samray 28 Staktse (B-Urban) 29 Bodh Kharbu Leb 1 Chobiyagsy 30 Hinaku N.A.C. 31 Wakhah 2 Gogsom 32 Malbek 3 Skyanos 33 Nunamcbe 4 Shenam 34- Sbergol 5 Skara 35 Khacbe 6 Tokcha 36 Pbuh 7 Chanspa 37 Karamba 8 Ganglas 38 Tingdo 9 Gumpa 39 Skamoo 40 Choskor (A-Rural) 41 Kanar 42 Batambis Kargil I ShiIikche 43 Tambis Poen 2 44- Gund MangaI- 3 Partap Ganj pur 4 Akcbamal 45 Safi 5 Toumel 46 Khaasgamth- 6 Yourbaltak vena 107

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca.. Ham, of tion Code village tion Code villag' No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 47 Sangroh 89 Palldras 48 Barso 90 Batokul 49 Bartu 91 Mushku 50 Shergalldi 92 Hulyal 93 Muradbagh 51 Iehu 94 Goshan 52 Rallgdum 95 Rambirpur 53 Khandi 96 Gindial 54 Karchekhar 97 Bimbat 55 Khans 98 Thrangos 56 Namsuru 99 Chokial 57 Thu)spursa 100 Thasgam 58 Tesuru 101 Kaksar 59 Parkachik 102 Karkit 60 Koehik 103 Hardas 61 Tangnol 104 Phultuks 62 Achambur 63 Choskor (B·· Urban) 64 Pranti 65 Panikhar K~rgil Kargil N.A.C. 66 Kargi 67 Yuljuk Zanskar I Arban 68 Purtikche 2 Hamiling 69 Gyaling 3 Remala Kaigam 70 Karpokhar 4 Phe 71 Stakpa 5 Rantaqshah 72 Umba 6 Tungri Thagam 73 Nagmakusara 7 Lungmi Reging 74 Thangdumru 8 Techa Khasar 75 Lankarche 9 Karshah 76 Farona 10 Padam 77 Saleskot II Zangala 78 Tringspon 12 Tungdi Kmi 79 Minji 13 Shunshadi 80 Baroo 14 Kargyah 81 Chuliskambo 15 Testu 82 Kharbu 16 Chah 83 Shimsha 17 Ieher 84 Jusgund 18 Rurumeng 85 Yibu 19 Pipeha 86 Haripora 20 Pipting 87 Trankuchon 21 Rugrug Nuruk 88 Matayan 22 Selapigaipak 108

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of Dist,ict rehsil 1971 Loul- Name of lion Cude village tion Code villag' No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 23 Seni 39 Masu 24 Ating 40 Palali 25 Akshu 41 Chashoti 42 Hangu Doda Kishtwar I Sukhnai 43 Losain 2 Rekenwas 44 Machail 3 Gumri 45 Hamori 4 Margi 46 Garh Padder 5 Basmana 47 Lundi 6 Artee 48 Gulab Garh 7 Ghoye Draman 49 Luder 8 Barayan 50 Kaban 9 Mungli 51 Sohal 10 Anshan 52 Ongayee 11 Mulwarwan 53 Tun 12 Nawgam 54 Muthal 13 Dharie 55 Chag 14 Pathgam 56 Batwas 15 Napachi 57 Ishtahari 16 Yeerdu 58 Tyari 17 Rinaie 59 Cheto 18 Kadarna 157 Forest Block 19 Tiler 20 Chanjer Doda Bhaderwah 1 Galoo 21 Hanzal 2 Halaran 22 Deharna 3 Jorakhurd 23 Chicha Dachhan 4 Sham Dalain 24 Lohrna 5 Jora Kalan 25 Janakpur 6 Suranga 26 Lupara 7 Haja Bola 27 Sonder 8 Budhi 28 Sazar 9 Jia 29 Kidru 10 Malanu 30 Jar 11 Ranot 31 Kadail 12 Sichal 32 Aphani 13 Kencha 33 Atholi 14 Gungara 34 Kundal 15 Kahi Trankal 35 Layee 16 Tanta 36 Ligri 37 Mati 17 Nagni 38 Pandel 18 Bhatola 109

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of lion Codi village lion Code· village No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 19 Chaba 61 Sinoodalari 20 Goela 62 Angnol 21 Botagra 63 Rela 22 Bhatoli 64 Kharangal 23 Dharyotha 65 Darai 24 Kuthiara 66 Chounri 25 Plakul 67 Luddu 26 Dichhal 68 Rajpura 27 Kanso 69 Bheja 28 Arnrit Pora 70 Dalain 29 Chanias 71 Chil 30 Beli Chinalra 72 Pora Bala 31 Indlu 73 Chansar 32 Chalri 74- Chocblu 33 Bathri 75 Mandhan 34 Bhatyas 76 Gurekra 35 Jakias 77 Tantali 36 Taloogarh 78 Kilotran 37 Budhli 79 Pora Pain 38 Tendala 80 Thaloran 39 Gando 81 Sarnai 40 Champal 82 Halor 41 Chillebala 83 Bharti 42 Muksias 84 Dhonsa 43 Hadal 85 Batmas 44 Mano 86 Chanti Bala 45 Chille Pain 87 Chanti Pain 46 Bhatoli 88 Kabal Jagesar 47 Sanwara 89 Alnigangota 48 Amarsinghpora 90 Achher 49 Gwalo 91 Dud war 50 Shingni 92 Ghan Shanana 51 Kako 93 Changa 052 Gawari 94 Inbarra 53 Batara 95 Amarsinghpora 54 Dhayari 276 Forest Block 55 Gando 56 Trithlu Doda Doda 1 Kaloohand 57 Dhadkahi 2 Bhart 58 Kandolu 3 Udianpur "59 Bhargi 4 Khono 60 Kunan 5 Bagla 110

District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of District rehsil 1971 Loca- Name of tion Code village lion Code village No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 6 Lodna Ramban 17 Dhanmasta 8 Kalihand 18 Neel 9 Tantna 19 Bohar Dbar 11 Abli Masri 20 Pogal 12 Gundna 21 Seripati 13 Gadetar 22 Paristan 14 MalwanaJagir 23 Alanbas 15 Charote 24- Hoochak 46 Gaddi 25 Bhangaca 63 Rahi 26 Balhote 65 Masrunda 27 Ganote 66 Gangatah 28 Ghar 72 Bud 82 Masri 29 Kamet 84 Ibrakh 52 Dharshiv Garh 85 Jagrote 59 Chakwah 86 Altu 60 Sana 87 Tarowa 61 Chilla 88 ShlUlgroo 62 Papryah 92 Kumarri 93 llanjai 63 Karman 94- Bhasti 6i Savni 95 Bhatri 65 Balwat 96 Mothi 66 KothiJagir 97 Parbal 67 Batli 98 Sarak 68 Kahbi Jagir 99 Magota 100 Bayota 69 Bhathan 101 Hambal 70 Dhothan Jagir 102 Sarsi 71 Gandri 103 Goha 79 Bhajmasta 104 Rote 80 Sonmbar 105 Bari Barhog 106 Seote 86 Khari 107 Kharonti 108 Dulandpur 87 Sarbhangni 109 Charrota 88 Shagan 123 Desa 89 Targam 124 Tapnel 90 Mangot 125 Dhandal 126 K,oti 91 Maho 127 Forest Block 94 Forest Block 111

District Tehsil 1971 £oca-' Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of tion Code village tion Code village No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) Udhampur Ramnagar I Dhar Suej 22 Jamaslan 2 Jakhad 23 Malas 3 Dudu 24 Bathoie 4 Pader 25 Soldhar 5 Pachound 26 Chaklas 6 Chapper 27 Budhan 10 Reasli Thakari 28 Kalimasta 13 Reasali Gadarin 29 Gundi 14 Blotha Uppralla 30 Bhehimdasa 15 Basant Garh 31 Darham 16 Ladhra 32 Wan ding 17 Raichak 33 Gool 18 Kadwa 34 Dehdah 19 Khanad 35 Ind 20 Punara 36 Chhachhwah 21 Mang 37 ThathaFka. 23 Siameri 38 Mahakund 135 Sera 39 Dalwah 137 Lathi 40 Sangaldan 41 Bandan Gool Gulab- 1 Nandkot 42 Mawal Kot garh 43 Ashmar 2 Sarsot 44 Sripura 3 Malikot 45 Fanlroot 4 Bhagankot 60 Kanthi 5 Dandakot 61 Thiloo 6 Chassot 62 Dubri 7 Baddar 63 Shikari 8 Arhbais 64 Chana 9 Neoch 65 Nehesi 10 Shibras 66 Bharneli 11 Larh 67 Bana 12 Dewal 68 Hassot 13 Gulab Garh 69 Tuli 14 Bhransal 70 Chassana 15 Lar 71 Thalkot 16 Khorh 72 Hamusan 17 Shadool 73 Sangli Kot Tuksan 74 Sher Garhi 18 75 Chandial Kot 19 Sarh 76 Kundradhan 20 Mahore 77 Mamankot 21 Shajroo 78 Majrakumd 112

District Tehsil 1971 LOCfr Name of District Tehsil 1971 Loca- Name of lion Code village lion Code village No. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) Kathua Billawar 1 Bhattodi 5 Shapura 2 Bhattwal 6 Ghondhi 3 Sadrota 7 Bheia 4 Machhedi 8 Khowas 5 Kindli 9 Keri Narondi 6 Badnotta 17 Gondha 7 Thall 18 Dhelri 8 Malahar 19 Gadyok 9 Malar 22 Kot Ranka 10 Marhoon 23 Larkoti 11 Dheutta 24 Budhal 17 Dhardugun 25 Somati 36 Godu Falal 26 Phalini 27 Darmoon Bashohli 1 Sarthal 28 Draj 2 Raulka 29 Mohra 3 Daulka 30 Janghanoon 4 Barmota 31 Kandi 5 Kalore 32 Hubbi 6 Bhandar 33 Sawarian 7 Sandroohn 34 Panjnara 8 Asooh 35 Forest Block 9 Kanthal Poonch Haveli 1 Gagrian 10 Chandal 2 Sawajiall 11 Lawang 3 Chhambar 12 Begoga Kanaria 13 Duggan 4 Chilla 14 Dhaggar 5 Dhangri 15 Bholri 6 Azam Abad 16 Dhaman 7 Atoli 17 Madhota 8 Seroi 18 Dulangal 9 Danugam 19 Bari 10 Bedar Balnai 20 Koti 11 Loran 21 Surjan 12 Brachhar 22 Bani 13 Mar Kote 23 Gatti 14 Plera 24 Chalog 15 Lohelbelah 25 Kachir 16 Chikri Ban 26 Banjal 17 Aral 27 Dharor 18 Hari Budha 28 Satti 19 Dana Dhakran 29 Sandhi 86 Forest Block 30 Fatehpur Poonch Mendhar 1 Morha 31 Kardoh 2 Sailan 32 Chilla 3 Chananser 33 Siyara 4 Chandimarh Rajouri Budhal I Rajnagar 5 Dogey 2 Targian 6 Poshiana 3 Kewal 7 Behram Gala 4 Dendwat 8 Mahara .(\PPENDIX XVIII (Vide Chapter VIII-Para 3) NOTIONAL MAP' PREPARED BY THE FIELD AGENCY DURING FIRST PHASE .-...... , .. .. ~ :{ ~~\+:\.c.. '1> --~ 1:. '\i...... ~t> -=~-.... .~ .~-~ . -======~~ 4 _./- .- ----\ 7'-' \ ~', \ ,1-.\ I !,.. \ :~ \ '...' ... .\ ...=.. J ~( ~(...... \ 1 J :/ APPENDIX XIX . (Vide Introduction-Para 55)

BMBL:EM SUGOESTED BY J It K CENSUS DIRECTORATE

.JAMMU & KASHMIR APPENDIX XX

\VIde 1ntroducuon-'l'ara ~~)

ALL INDIA CENS1:S EMBLEM

CENSUS OF INDIA, 1971 • 116

APPENDIX (Vide Chapter II

SCHEDULES ALONGWITH THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR

CENSUS OF House- Name of District ...... _ ...... Code No...... Name of Taluk/Tehsil/Thana/Anchal/bland...... Code No......

PurpOle for which Is it Wled wholly or Building No. Predominant construction Census HoUJe is Wled, partly as an eata- (Municipal Census material of Census HOWIe ,. g. residence, shop, blishment? Yes or No. Line No. or Loca\ House No. shop-cum-residence, If yes, enter further Authority or busim-ss, factory, details in the Elta- CensWl No.) worluh~, workshop- blishment Schedule Material of Material of cum-resi ence, school, &lid indicate the serial Wall Roof bank, commercial No. of that entry here house. office, hOlpital, hotel etc. or vacant 1 2 S t_ 5 6 7

I I Signature of Enumerator ...... Date ...... , ...... 117

XXII Para 4)

FILLING THEM UP ISSUED BY THE REGISTRAR GENERAL OF INDIA

INDIA 1971 list Name of Village/Town...... Code No ...... Name or No. of Ward/Moballa/~umerator's Block...... Code No ......

If used wholly or partly as a residence No. of persons No. of Doe. the normally residing Does the If S. C. or living household in CensUl Household on day household Household Name of -the Head S. T. write rooms in live in owned of visit of the enumerator cultivate No. of Household name of the occu- or rented land? Caste/Tribe patiOD of hOUle ? (Yes or 1 P: CensUl i) Owned(O) Males Females Total No) HOUle- ii)Rented (R) hold - 10 15 8 9 II 12 13 1. ---16 -17

I Signature of Supervilor ...... Date ...... 118

APPENDIX CENSUS OF ESTABLISHMENT Name of District...... :...... Code No...... Name of Taluk/Tehsil/Thana/Anchal/Island...... Code No ......

Is the establishment Average number of penOOl (a) Govt./Quasi working daily ~t week Serial No. Govt. or in the last working Census House No. Name of the Establishment (b) Private leason, including prop- or of the proprietor Cc) Co-operative rietors and/or family Institution workers

1 2 3 4 5

I

I I I [

I

Signature of Enumerator...... Date ...... 119 XXII-contd INDIA 1971 SCHEDULE Name of Village or Town ...... Code No...... Name or No. of Ward/Mohalia/Enumerator'. Block ...... Code No...... 1£ any manufactW'ing, proceaing or servicing is done If used as a trading establishment If used »any other establilh- Is it ment, describe Ca) Household '.g. Govt. Office, Indus,try Description of the Type of fuel or Description of Whether School, Hospital, Ib) Registered products, processing power used goods bought/sold

I I I ! I I I , I

I I I I I I ! I

\

I I

Signature! of Supervisor...... Date ...... 120

APPENDIX XXII-contd.

aNSIII Of IItIllA 1m Slip No. __..... __ ladMlt.. 1 Sip I.eaCioft Code_ .. ______-( ., ) .a ~ Nlm. ______~~~~ t.. MAIN ACnYITY to Relationship_hu4!______CD l) Worker (C, At, f.) Brae4- "HI, OW '\:J 0 ~ Se. o coce,ory 4 Ap ______o __ ill Non·(H, ST, R, c-\ 1-' ,--, Wor""r D. 8 I, 0')- l.-J ~ Morlal.utus ______LJ f

e. for _ren.I, ".,.,ied women only ~ (1,)- PI.:. 01 ",c>rk 5 (Nome orV'lIlgo/Tcwnl ______M ",. at mlrrll&. ______z< (c) N ..... or £st.bh.hme,,' ______(I:., Aa'1 dllld born I" ,h. ona Ju,t-____ L_.Jn ~ (d) Natur. af I"dullry. Trad1.. Ia. Pror"ulon or Service ______r 7• co tl (.) PIaQl of "''''' ------~ (I:., Ru ..I/U, .... ______r _l J _____LW ... I f I ~ (c) D'-~- ______,I 1 I • <-) DelcrJptlo, 01 Work ______.: -- 1--'-"1 I : L (d) Slite /CoUlII:r'1 .... _ .L _ _. ------r -,- - r-~

.-& ______I~_l._ , ..1_-'I : ~ (.) PlIQI of lei. to..... ______r-...... ,.--. U) CIlIa of worl(a:...... ______:._ ~ 9 I I i:J (Io, Rural/Utban ______..... _J r ,_ • I I rl. SECONDMY WORk 3 (c) Dlnrlcl ______:-_~-: I , I ~) Sra.4. (Co At, HHI. OW) i-~ '!_(d) SClle/Co~ntr'------L-l-J cue""" ---.... _J [t..... tl"n cl ReSldonce DC the V,II.,. .' -: - -: (1,) "'"" of _ok a. ~ (Nap,. of VIUO"'/ToWft) ______... w_ of tn"m.... '<"'" r-l-1!. _ ~ _ .J f ~ (e) Name 01 fstobli'hm ••' ______10. Rol".o, r======,:"_l- oJ ,. (d) Nature of Inducery. TIWI<-. $.C.C ,:--rl '" Profuslor or S.'.lce __~- ______at r - -. ------, ~~~-:.~ d s.. 1.,~ ______~~_~_JI I I , ~ ______------_r-r=IJ 12. LI,"nc., I\. [-, ..: OescrlpCIon cf Wo<.: ______~M~ ~ ~ (e' 13. ~L~:~I'O"I :--1- -: l 14. Holh.-r------=r="-:-:,L---Jr ---:: TOIl,. L_ L J_ _l I -----, t ! ] I~ 0tIIw "-T-'--'1 • , , I L(I) CI ... at wor .....;______....,.._ 0 1•• ~ ...&es------_L _ .J __ L_.J 121

APPENDIX XXII-contd. CENSUS 1971 POPULATION RECORD (To be compiled from lndividual Slips) Location Code...... Household No...... Name of Village/Town...... If the head belongs to S. C. or S. T. ? ...... ••. , Sex Serial Name Relationship Age Marital Literacy Description of No. to head Status (L or 0) Main Activity M F

~ 2 3 ---.. -----5 6 7 8 9

i

I

I, I Signature ofEnumerator...... Signature ofSupervisor...... Date...... Date ...... 122 APPENDIX XXII-contd. INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS FOR FILLING UP THE HOUSELIST AND ESTABLISHMENT SCHEDULE INSTRUCTIONS-PART I HOUSELIST

GeDeral ·ced and maintained by the local bodies concerned in future. Census is a national undertaking of great importance, indispensable to intelligent and House-DumberiDg and preparatioD of efficient public administration apart from DOtiODai maps the other multifarious ways it serves the scholar, the businessman, industrialist, the 4. Rural areas: The first operation will country's planners, the electoral authorities be allotment of distinguishing numbers to etc. Census has become a regular feature each building, house and household. in every progressive country, whatever be 5. Before the actual affixing of house its size and political set-up and they are numbers on doors an essential step to be conducted at regular intervals to fulfil well­ taken is to prepare a rough notional map defined objectives. of the entire village and decide on whether 2. The job entrusted to y~u, viz., the the village should be sub-divided into blocks housenumbering and houselisting is an and if so, how? Normally a small village essential preliminary step to the population of less than 125 houses need not be sub­ census. Apart from mere listing of houses, divided into blocks. But if a village has one you will be collecting some essential data or more hamlets, irrespective of the size, it on housing, as also separately on manu­ is desirable to divide the area of the facturing trading and service establishments village into blocks so that each hamlet with which will be useful to the country's the adjoining area is recognised as a separate planners. You have, therefore, an important house-numbering block of the village. It role to play. The quality and quantity of is important that tht> dividing lines between your contribution depends on how well one block and another should be clearly you apply yourself to this task, understand demarcated. Such dividing lines, besides the instructions thoroughly and carry out following some natural boundaries wherever your responsibilities with the care that it possible should also be indicated by the demands. Survey number that fall on either side of the dividing line in cadastrally surveyed 3. You will be required to prepare lay­ villages. In villages which are not out sketches showing the location of houses cadastrally surveyed, the line can be indica­ within· the area allotted to you and number ted by the name of the owners of the all the houses, resid~ntial or otherwise and fields on either side of the line or by the list them and fill up some essential particu­ name of the field, if any. A notional map lars in the schedules given to you. The showing the general topographical details house-numbering sketches prepared by you of a whole revenue village particularly if may form the basis for a permanent system a survey map is already available with the of house-numbering that may be introdu- village revenue officials, will greatly help. 123

This notional map should indicate the out sketches a few years later can easily prominent features and land marks such as distinguish settlement areas which are likely the village site, roads, cart tracks, hills, to have undergone a change. For the rivers, nal/ahs, etc. Clear demarcation purpose of the preparation of lay-out lines of blocks are important so that any sketches, a Pucca house may be treated to define at the foot of the map the bounda­ as one which has its walls and roofmade ries of a particular block is covered by a of the following materials: specific block without giving scope for ,ny Wall material: Burnt Bricks, stone doubt. It may be desirable to define at (duly packed with lime or cement), the foot of the map the boundaries of cement concrete or timber, etc. each block clearly. Roof Material: Tiles, GOI* sheets, asbes­ 6. Having thus prepared the village map, tos cement sheets, RBC·, RCC· and each block of the village as demarcated timber, etc. on . the village map should be taken up Houses, the walls and or roof of which for a detailed sketching of the layout. In are made of materials other than those this detailed sketch the emphasis is mainly mentioned above such as unburnt bricks, on the lay-out of the houses on the village bamboo, mud, grass, reeds, thatch etc., site. The sketch should show all the roads, or loosely packed stone, burnt bricks' etc. streets and cart tracks. The names of the may be treated as Kachha houses. streets, if any, should be shown on these sketches. All topographical details, impor­ 7. When once the location of every tant features and public buildings should building I house is fixed on the plan, it will be prominently shown. Then every single be a simple matter to decide on a convenient building or house should be located on this method of numbering the buildings/houses sketch. It will be of advantage if the in one series following certain principles. Pucca and Kachhll houses are shown by No hard and fast rule can be laid as to some conventional signs like a square 0 the direction in whfch the house numbers for a Pu&&a house and a triangle 6 for should run i.e., left to right or in a clock­ a Kackha house, further depicting tham as wise order or north-east to south-west and residential or non-residential as follows: so on. Much depends on the lay-out. So long as some convenient and intelligible Pucca residential house; for Pucca non­ o order is followed it should be all right. residential house shade the squre. The numbers allotted to each house should 6 KackluJ residential house; for KachluJ be marked on the sketch and with the non-residential house shade the help of;lrrow marks at convenient intervals, triangle. the direction in which the house numbers It is difficult to evolve a comprehensive run should be indicated. This is particularly definition of the terms 'Pucca' and 'Kachha' important when streets cut across one houses to cover different patterns of .struc­ another and the housenumbering series tures all over the country. The categorisation along a street get interrupted. It will be of the houses as Pucca or Kachha for the of advantage if the numbers are roughly purpose of depicting them on the lay-out marked in pencil on this sketch and later sketches is purely to facilitate identification. .NoTE: G.C.I.-Galvanised Corrugated Also, as Kachha houses are not likly to be Iron, R.B.C.-Reinforced Brick Concrete long-lasting, anyone referring . to the lay- and R.C.C.- Reinforced Cement Concrete. 124

verified with the actual state of things Since it is likely that some of the tribal on ground to see if the order of numbering habitations may change their locations now indicated on the sketch would be convenient and then, it is necessary to define the or if any slight changes are needed, for, location of a habitation area with reference after all the sketch is only a rough one to any known permanent feature as indi­ and the actual state of buildings on ground cated above in regard to the clusters in may suggest a more intelligible order of Forest areas. numbering at some places. 10. Urban Areas: The preparation of notional maps a-~d the housenumbering 8. Where villages are not cadastrally sIcetches in urban areas should essentially surveyed and the village boundaries not follow the same procedure as in the rural fixed by survey, it is essential that the areas excepting that in most urban units limits of each village are defined by some the draughtsman of the Municipal Adminis­ permanent features so that it may be known tration might have already prepared town that any house falling in any such areas maps perhaps even to scale and these may be reckoned along with a particular may come extremely useful. It has been village. found from experience that the boundaries of towns are often times loosely defined 9. In the forest areas, all habitations and not properly demarcated giving rise are not on settled pattern. There are to several doubts regarding the areas lying forest villages which may be just like other on t_he out-skirts of towns. It is important revenue villages or mau.r.as. For such villages that the map should very clearly indicate procedure for preparing normal lay-gut plan the boundaries by means of definite survey sketches may be followed. But apart from numbers and also other permanent features. such villages, there would be clusters of Sometimes one side of a road falls within habitations spread out in the forest. It the town limits and the other side excluded will be facilitating, if for the purpose of as it may be outside the defined boundary netting such clusters a lay-out plan is pre­ of the- town. All these should be carefully pared of the Forest area comprising the verifiei on ground before the maps are lowest administrative unit (such as, beat certified to be corret by the supervising of a Forest Guard in some States). Then authorities. Cases of sub-urban growth the clusters should be drawn on the lay­ adjoining the limits of a town and such out sketch. Name of the cluster should cases as one side of a street falling outside also be written, if there be one. If there the limits of a town should be brought to be no name, then it would be nes:essary the notice of the superior officers who will to identify it with reference to any known have to ensure that such built up areas are permanent feature such as a hill stream, a properly accounted for within the adminis­ range of hills, road and so on. After trative units in which they fall. drawing the boundaries of such clusters on the lay-out, the location of each of the 11. But what is essential is that very houses should be indicated on it and num­ detailed plans showing the location of every ber assigned to each house. Habitations building and census house along every (clusters) falling within the area of the road and street in each ward, locality or mohalla of a town should be clearly pre­ smallest forest administrative unit should pared. In view of the very large number be taken as one village for the purpose of and close location of houses in urban housenumbering and houselisting. areas it may be necessary to have a large 125

number of sketches each covering a limited sketch{es) or your jurisdiction in the manner area. Each town would probably have indicated hereafter. already been divided into some permanent NUlDberiDg of BuUdiDgs and CeDs.. mohallas or localities or wards. A large Houses in rural as well as urban areas: map of the entire town indicating the boundaries of each of the sub-units into 13. You have to give numbers to "Buil­ which the town has been divided should dings" and "Census houses'"' in all areas. be prepared. On this map, the main roads The instructions below will guide you to and other topographical details and impor­ determine what a building and a census tant public buildings etc., may be shown house are for the purpose of houselisting. for clear identification of the boundaries of The building is a readily distinguishable "each mohalla/locality/ward etc. Next, a structure or group of structures which is skeleton map of each locality/ward or block taken as the ullit for housenumbering. should be prepared in which all the roads The entire building may be deemed one and streets should- be clearly indicated and cellSUS house or sometimes parts of it, as will their names also written. Then each buil­ be explained. The objective is to ultimately ding and house should be located on this number and list out all physical units of skeleton map. May be that even a localityl constructions which are used for different ward may be too large an area to indicate purposes, residential or otherwise. a.ll houses on a single map. In such a 14. Building : A "building" is generally case a ward map showing the segments a single structure but sometimes made and separate lay-out map for each one up of more than one component of the segments may be prepared and on unit, which are used or likely these segments the buildings and houses to be used as dwellings (residences) should be clearly located and the house­ or establishments such as shops, workshops, numbers shown. It may be an advantage factories, etc., or as godowns, stores, cattle­ if the non-residential houses are disting­ sheds etc., or in combination with any of uished from the residential houses as these such as, shop-cum-residence, or work­ indicated in para 6 of these insiructions. shop-cum-residence, etc. Her-e again the important permanent buil­ 15. Sometimes a series of different dings may be indicated such as say, town­ buildings may be found along a street hall, large office building, court building, which are joined with one another by post office, hospital, school, church, market common walls on either side looking like building etc. a continuous structure. These different 12. As stated earlier most towns may units are practically independent of one already be having a satisfactory house­ another and likely to have been built at numbering system. This need not be different times and owned by different disturbed and may be "adopted for the persolls. In such cases though the whole purpose of preparation of the house-num­ structure with all the adjoining units bering maps reff'rred to above. The house­ apparently appears to be one building, numbering can be brought up-to-date with each portion should be treated as separate the help of these lay-out maps. If there building and given separate number. be no proper system of housenumbering 16. If there are more than one structure in the town, then you will have to assign within an enclosed or open compound numbers to the houses in the lay-out (premises) belonging to the same person 126 e.g., the main house, the servant's quarters, sub-number of the adjacent building the garage etc., only one building number number, e. g. 10/1...... should be given for this group and each NOTE: These should not be numbered as' of the constituent separate structures 10(1) or 10(2) etc., as such number­ assigned a sub-number like 1 (1), 1 (2), 1(3) ing ~ would apply to census houses and so on provided these structutH-Iatisfy within the same building. On the the definition of a 'Census House' given other hand, 10/1 would mean a hereafter. separate building that has come up after building No. 10. . 17. The buildings should be numbered as foHows:- 18. Census House: A "Census house" is building or part of a building having a (i) If the locality consists of a number separate main entrance from the road of streets in a village, the buildings in or common court-yard or stair-case etc., the various streets in a village, should used or recognised as a separate unit. It be numbered continuously. Streets may be inhabited or vacant. It may be should be taken in uniform order from used for a residential or non-residential North-east to South-west. has It purpose or both. been observed that the best way of numbering the buildings is to continue 19. If a building has a number of fiats with one consecutive serial on one or blocks which are independent of one another side of the street and complete the having separate entrances of their own from numbering on that side before -cross­ the road or a common stair-case or a ing over to the end of the other side common court-yard leading to a main gate, of the street and continuing with they will be considered as separate census the serial, stopping finally opposite houses. If within a large enclosed area to where the first number began. there are separate buildings, then each such building will be one or more separate (ii) In a town/city, enumeration block, census houses. If all the structures within the numbering will have to respect an enclosed compound are together treated the axis of the street and not any as one building then each structure with preconceived geographical direction a separate entrance should be treated as like North-east etc. a separate census house. (iii) Arabic numerals e.g. (1, 2, 3, ....•.... ) 20. Each census house should be num­ should be used for building numbers. bered. If a building by itself is a single (iv) A building under construction, the census house, then the number of the roof of which has been completed census house is the same as the building should be given a number in the number. But if different parts or constituent serial. units of a building qualify to be treated as separate census houses each census (v) If a new building either Pucca or house should be given a sub-number within Kachha is found after the house­ brackets to the building number as 10(1), numbering has been completed or 10(2) etc., or 11(1),11(2), 1l(3),etc. in the midst of buildings already numbered, it should be given a 21. The order in which censuS houses new number which may bear a within a building are to be numbered, 127

should be continuous, preferably' clockwise if only one household occupies such a or in any convenient manner if it is unit or shared by more than one household. difficult to do it clockwise. Thus the definition of a census house will have to be applied having due regard to 22. The definition of census house may the actl;1al situation in such exceptional sometimes be difficult of application in cases. its literal sense ill the context of varying patterns of structures and their usage. 23. It is usual to find in municipal For example, in cities and towns, one towns/cities that every site whether built does come across a situation when a flat upon or not is numbered by the municipal in the occupation of one household as resi­ authorities on property basis. Such open dence may be made up of four rooms or sites even if they are enclosed by a so and all the rooms may have direct compound wall should not be listed for entrance from a common court-yard, or a census purposes. Only where a structure stair-case. In terms of th~ definition of with four walls and a roof has come up, a census house each of these rooms having should it be treated as a census house entrances from the common stair-case etc., and listed. But in some areas the very may qualify to be treated as census houses. nature of construction of houses is such But it does not realistically reflect the that, for example, a conical roof almost situation of the number of houses. In touches the ground and an entrance is such case, 'singleness' of use of these also provided, and there may not be any rooms alongwith the main nouse by the wall as such, Such structures should of household should be taken into account course be treated as buildings 'and houses and the entire fla t comprising four rooms and numbered and listed. should be treated as one census house 24. Household: A household is a group only and. assigned one number. If on the of persons who commonly live together other hand each one of these rooms had and would take their meals from a been separately occupied by independent common kitchen unless the exigencies of households and if each portion had separate work prevented any of them from doing main entrance then each will be justified so. There may be 'one-member household, to be treated as a separate census house. two-member household or multi-member In a hostel building even if the door of household'. For census purposes each one each room in which an inmate lives opens of these types is regarded as a "Household". on to a common verandah or stair-case as Again, there may be a household of persons it happens almost invariably, the entire related by blood or household of unrelated hostel building may have to be treated as persons; the later are Boarding Houses, one census house only. In some parts of Hostels, Residential Hotels, Orphanages, the country in the rural areas, the pattern Rescue Homes, Ashrams etc. These are of habitation is such that a single house­ caJIed "Institutional Households", hold occupies a group of huts within an enclosed fence which has one main entrance. Each household will be listed according Each of the apparently separate structures to the instructions that follow (see paras is an integral part of the housing unit 44 and 45) and a distinguishing number as such. In such cases it may be more allotted to each household. As each realistic to treat the group as one census household will be related to the physical house. Care should be taken to ascertain structure of a census house, the household 128

number as such need not be painted on Nos. 4, 5, 6. 10 and 12. These are meant the door of each census house. Only the for writing code numbers in the tabulation building and census house number will offices. be painted. Col. I: Line Number HOUSELISTING 28. Every line in the Housetist is to 25. Mter the preparation of the notional be numbered serially. The line numbers housenumbering maps and the numbering should be continuous for your block. Arabic of the houses, the next step is to list numerals should be used for this purpose. them in the prescribed form (Houselist). e. g., 1. 2, 3. 4 etc..•...... 26. At the 1971 Census, a houselist Col. 2: Building No. (Municipal or local schedule and an establishment schedule authority or Census No.) will be canvassed on universal basis. 29. Before you start houselisting, every The following instructions will guide building will bear a number. Some you in filling the houselist; Municipal towns may have satisfactory 27. On the top of the houselist form, system of numbering the buildings and provision is made to note the name of after preparation of the lay-out sketch of District with Code No., name of Taluk/ your area, you would have given the Tehsil/Thana J AnchalJ Island / Code No., same number to the building located on name of Village/Town/Code No.. name or the sketch. No. of Ward, Mohalla, Enumerator's Block Code No. The entries here are to be 30. There would be cases where the filled in by you very carefully. The Municipal numbers or local authority Location Code is the method by which numbers are not found satisfactory and every village or town in any tehsil or therefore you would have given numbers police station in every district of a State to various buildings by way of updating is identified by a combination of numbers. the numbering or revising it. In any For this purpose every district, tehsil or case you would have assigned a number police station, village or town/ward/mohalla/ to every building in the lay-out sketch. enumerator's block' in your State would The third contingency is that numbering have been allotted code numbera. Your did not exist earlier and you have Charge Superintendent or the Supervisor numbered the buildings and assigned would have indicated to you the district, them the number on the lay-out sketch tehsil or police station and the village or and marked them on the building itself. town/ward/mohalla/enumerator's block code numbers pertaining to you. You shall 31. The number which has been assigned have to enter them in the relevant spaces in the lay-out sketch ill any of the three against the names of the various jurisdic­ modes described above and marked or put tional units. Please note that the town on the building should be written in number is to be given in Roman figures to this column. distinguish it from tlu village number which 32. If the building has a well-known will be indicated by Arabic numerals. name then the name of the building should NOTE ; Please do not write anything in also be recorded in this column in spaces enclosed by dotted lines in column addition to the number of the building. 129

The purpose of this column is to readily unburnt bricks, mud, burnt bricks, stone, identify every building by the number cement concrete, timber etc., should be found on it and by local name if any written. Where a house consists of separate the building may bear. structures each having walls made out of different materials, the material out of Col. 3: Census House Number which the walls of the main portion of 33. The attributes of a census house the house mostly used for living or sleeping have been described earlier and in accor­ are made, are to be recorded. dance with those instructions you would Col. 5: Material of Roof have allotted census house number to a 38. The material out of which most of building or to a part of a building. the outer roofs, exposed to the weather 34. If there is only one census house and not the ceiling is made i.e.. tiles, thatch, in the building, then the number of the corrugated iron, zinc or asbestos cement census house will be the same as the sheets or concrete, slate, tiles, etc., should building number, which will be repeated be written. In the case of a multi-storeyed in this column. building the intermediate floor or floors will be the roof of the lower floor. If 35. If there be more than one census the roof is mainly made of bricks, stone house in a building (as mentioned in paras etc., and has a mud plaster, cement 19 and 20) e.g., in building No. to, there plaster or lime plaster exposed to the sky, are three census houses-then against the the rna terial of roof in such cases will first census house, you will record "10(1)", not be "mud", "cement", or "lime" for the second "10(2)" and for the third respectively but it will be "bricks", "stone" "10(3)" in this column. Column 2, Building etc., which constitute the fabric of the roof. number, will be entered in the first line only against which census house No. 10(1) Col. 6: Purpose for which Census House would have been mentioned in Column 3. is used, e.g. residence. shop, shop-cum-residence, Column 2 will remain blank against census business, factory. •workshop, workshop-cum­ house No. 10(2) anJ 10(3). residence. school, bank. commercial house, office, hospital, hotel, etc., or Vacant. NOTE: You should not indicate them as 10/1 or 10/2 etc., as that would be 39. The actual use to which a census followed in the allotment of a number to house is put is to be recorded here a new building not previously numbered keeping in mind the broad categorisation that has come up after building No. 10. such as: (these are purely illustrativt"); Column 4-5: Predominant construction (I) Residence, shop-cum-residence, work­ material of census house. shop-c;,m-relidence. 36. In these columns you will have to (2) Factory/workshop and workshed etc. note the materials of wall and roof. Factory should be written if it is registered under Indian Factories Act. Col. 4: Material of Wall A 'workshop' is a place where any 37. Under this column, the material kind of production, repair or servicing out of which the major portion of the goes on or where goods and articles walls of the house are made, as for are made and sold, but is not large example, grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, enough to be a factory. It is not '130

necessary that some machinery should godown, laundry, petI:oI bunk, exist. Even a place where some passenger shelter, etc., the exact use household industry (as defined in Para to be fully described. 18) such as say, handloom weaving, If the census house is found vacant, bin rolling, papad making, toy making (13) i.I. if no person is living in it at etc., is carried on, it should be noted the time of enumeration and it is as a workshop here. If it is also not being used for any of the purposes used as a residence it should be noted listed above, write 'vacant' in th~~ as workshop-tum-residence. Make Col. If the census house is locked searching enquiry if a house is used because the occupants have gone on for the purpose of production of any journey or pilgrimage, then it may goods or engaged in some processing not be treated as "vacant", but the or repairing even on a Household use to which it is put recorded Industry basis as these are not likely here and the fact that the occupants to be apparent to a casual observer. have gone on a journey/pilgrimage, Shop: noted in the 'Remarks' column as "House locked, occupants on jourllE'y/ (3) Shop: A shop is a 'place where articles pilgrimage etc." are bought and/or sold or cash or for credit. NOTB: The reason for vacancy such as 'dil~pidated', 'under repair', 'incomplete (4), Office, business house, bank etc. construction', 'want of tenant', etc., may Business house is that where be recorded in the "Remarks" column. transactions in money or other articles take place. Definition of aD E.tabU.hment (5) Hospital, dispensary, Health centre, Doctor's clinic etc. Col 7: Is il us,d wholly or partly as an (6) School and other educational institution. Establishment? Tes or No. Jf yes, enter further details in the Establishment Schedule and (7) Hotel, sara;, dharamshala, tourist house, indicate the Serial No. of that entT.J here. inspection house etc. 40. An "Establishment" is a place where (8) Restaurant, Sweetmeat shop and eating goods are produced or manufactured not place. (A sweetmeat shop where solely for domestic consumption or where sweelmeat is being made and sold servicing and/or repairing is done such as 8hould be recorded as a Workshop). factory, workshop or household industry (9) Place of entertainment such as cinema or servicing and/or repair workshop or a house, theatre, community-gathering place where retail or wholesale business is (Panchayatghar) etc. carried on or commercial services are (10) Place of worship '.g., temple, church, rendered or an office, public or private mosque, gurudwara, etc. or a place of entertainment or where educational, religious, social or entertainment (11 ) Institution such as orphanage, rescue services are rendered. It is necessary that home, jail, ref~rmatory, children in all these places one or more persons home etc. should be actually working. Thus an (12) Others ,.g., cattle-shed, garage, establishment will cover manufacturing, 131

trade and other establishments where example, hand pounding of rice, preparation people work. of spices like, haldi (turmeric), chillies, etc., Examples : or say, knitting of woollen "garments, A factory or a workshop or workshop­ embroidery work, loin-loom weaving and cum-residence or a trading or other so on, meant for household use only and establishment, i.e. where some kind of not for sale. In such cases, ths house production, processing repair or servicing should not be treated as an 'establishment'. is undertaken or where goods or articles COLUMNS 8 to 16 are made and sold, or some business is being carried on such as a grocery shop, 43. These columns will relate to census a pan shop, restaurant, bank, hotel, or an houses which are used wholly or partly office is functioning such as Government as a residence. If, therefore, a particular office, commercial office, or an institution census house is not being used for residen­ is being run such as school, college, tial purposes at all even partly, as will be hospital, dispensary, etc., and where one· evident from entry in Col. 6, put 'X' in or more persons are working. each of the columns 8 to 16. An Establishment may occupy a Col. 8: Household No. census house or a group of census 44. A 'household' is a group of persons houses or a part of a census house. who commonly live together and would 41. This column applies only in cases take their meals from a common kitchen where the census house is used as an unless the exigencies of work prevented Establishment as defined above. Some­ any of them from doing so. It may be times the act of production, processing or made up of related or un-related persons. servicing may not be apparent especially A cook or a servant living in the house if carried on as a household industry e.g., of his employer and tak'ing his food there when a handloom is located inside a is part of that household. A hostel where . house and is not in operation at the time a number of un-related persons live together of enumerator's visit or if some other type is an institutional household. So also a Jail. of household industry such as papad making or toy manufacturing or bidi rolling etc., 45. There may be more than one house­ is done, say in some interior portion of hold in a census house. Each household the house. You should make searching should be given a separate number. This enquiries to see ifany production, processing can be done by using the alphabets as (a), or servicing is done or any business is (c), etc., as affixes to the census house carried on or any institution is being run No. For example, if building No.2 is also in any part of the house not readily seen a census house and has three households, from outside. the household numbers will be 2(a), 2(b) If 'res' is recorded here, go to the Establish­ and 2(c). If building number 4 has two ment Schedule, and fill up further particulars in census houses, the houses will be numbered that Schedule. Please fill in the Serial No. as 4(1) and 4(2). If within these houses of the entry as given in the Establishment Schedule in this column after 'Yes'. there are respectively 3 and 2 households then they will be numbered as 4(I)(a), 42. It is possible that some kind of production or processing is undertaken in 4(1)(b), 4(I)(c) and 4(2) (a) and 4(2)(b) the house by the members of the house­ respectively. If, however, building No.3 hold for purely domestic consumption. For is also a census house and has only one 132

household, the household No. to be entered 48. You will have been furnished with in this column will be No.3 only. a list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes notified for your area. Ascertain 46. In the above cases of households if the Head of the household belongs to Nos. 2(b), 2(c) 4(1)(b), 4(1)(c) and 4(2)(b), a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe there will be no entries against them in and check whether the CastelTribe is Cols.3 to 7. Cols. 3 :to 7 will be filled scheduled as per your list. If so, for the entire censuS houses, 2, 4( 1) or for Scheduled Caste write "S.C." and 4(2) as the case may be, once. There is no record name of caste, need ,to repeat Cols. 3 to 7 in each line for Scheduled Tribe write "S.T'>' and for which entries are made for more than record name of tribe, one household against ,that census house for others write "X" in Cols. 8 to 16. For a household belonging to Scheduled' Col. 9 : Name of the head of household Caste, check religion of the Head of the, 47. The name of the Head of each house­ household. He or she should be either I!­ hold should be written. The Head of the Hindu or a Sikh. There cannot be a S. C. in household for census purposes is a person any other religion. Scheduled Tribes who is recognised as such in the household. may belong to any religion. He is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the maintenance of 49. In a case where the head of the the household and takes decisions on be­ household belongs to Scheduled Castel half of the household. The Head of the Scheduled Tribe even if any other member household need not nE'cessarily be the eldest of the household (except institutional male member, but may even be a female households) does not belong to SCIST then or a younger member of either sex. You write SCIST as the case may be and need not enter into any long argument mention the CastelTribe to which he about it but record the name of the per­ belongs. On the other hand if the head son who is recognised by the Household does not belong to SCIST but any other as its Head. In the case of institutions member of the household does belong ,to like boarding houses, messes, chummeries SC/ST: write 'X' in this column. which should be regarded as households In the case of all 'Institutional House­ of un-related persons living together and holds' write 'X' in this column irrespective which may be called Institutional House­ of whether the head belongs to a SCI holds, the manager or superintendent or ST or not. the person who has administrative respon­ sibility or who by common consent is Col. 11: No of living rooms in the occupation of regarded as ,the Head should be recorde~ Census Household , as the Head of the household. In the 51. A room should have four walls with case of an absentee dejure 'Head', the per­ a door way with a roof over head and son on whom the responsibility of managing' should be wide and long enough for a the affairs of the household falls at the person to sleep in i.e., it should have a time of enumeration, should be regarded length of not less than 2 metres and a as the Head. breadth of at least Ii metres, and 2 Col, 10 : if S. C. or S. T., write name of castef m.etres in height. An enclosed room, tribe however, which is used in common for 13:3

sleeping, sitting, dining, storing and cooking 55. If the household lives in rented etc., should be regarded as a room. An house write 'R'. A housing unit is rented unenclosed verandah, kitchen, store, garage, if rent is .paid or contracted for, by the cattle-shed and latrine and rooms in occupants in cash or in kind. Where an which a household industry such as a owner permits a household to live in a handloom is located which are not normally house, rent free even then the household usable for living or sleeping etc., are ex­ should be treated as living in a rented cluded from the definition of a room house. For example, rent free accommo­ for the purpose of this column. dation provided to employees by Govern­ ment, Institutions, Companies etc. In such 52. If there is only one household in cases, you should treat the house as rented a census house the counting of rooms and write 'R'. will not be difficult. But if a census Cols.13 to 15: No. ojpersons normallY residing house consits of a number of households, in census household on day oj the visit oj the the number of rooms occupied by each enumerator household has to be entered against the 56. Enter the number of males normally name of each Head of household. In residing in the household in column 13; cases where a room is occupied by more females in col. 14 and total number of per­ than one household or they share more sons in column 15 (Col. 13+Col. 14). than one room, the number of rooms 57. In these columns normal residents should be given together against a bracket are to be recorded even though some of as common to such households. them may be absent on the day of enume­ ...... 53. One is likely to come across conical rator's visit. Casual visitors should be shaped hut or tent in which human-beings excluded as they will be considered at reside. In such improvised accommodation, their respective places of normal residence. there will be no four walls to' a room But a person who has stayed with the and, therefore, the above definition would household for a period of 3 months or not strictly apply to such types of accom­ more should, however, be included. Corres­ modation. In such cases, the tent or pondingly, normal residents absent for over conical hut etc., may in itself be construed three months or more should be'excluded to be a room. from the household in which they nor­ mally reside. Col. 12: Does tire household live in owned or Total of these columns should be struck rented house: (i) Owned (0), (ii) Rented (R) at the eri.d of each page and after com­ pletion of houselisting grand total of the 54. If a household is occupying a census block should be struck at the bottom of the house owned by itself and is not paying last form. anything to anybody in the form of rent Col. 16: Does the household cultivate land? then the household may be considered (res or No) as living in own house. This should be 58. If the household is cultivating any recorded by '0'. A household living in land then you have to record the answer a flat or a house taken on 'ownership' 'Yes' otherwise 'No'. For determining whether a household is cultivating or not, basis on payment of instalments, should it should be necessary to ascertain if be regarded as living in its own house, one or more persons in the household are notwithstanding that all instalments have engaged in cultivation of land or supervision not been paid. or direction of cultivation of land owned 134 or held from Government or from private should be encouraged to furnish truthful replies persons or institutions for payment in without any reservation. money, kind or share. Enchroachers who 64. At the top of the schedule provision cultivate land encroached upon will be is made for- noting the Location Code No. regarded as cultivating households for and name of the areas concerned. This the purposes of this column. If the house­ should be the same as those noted on hold has a visitor who cultivates land the top of the Houselist which you will elsewhere, it cannot be deemed that the be canvassing simultaneously. You should household as such is a cultivating household, fill the location Code Nos. etc., correctly. unless the Head! or other members of the household are engaged it\ cultivation 65. The columns of the Establishment of their own, the household should not Schedule can be classi~ed into four broad be reckoned as a cultivating household. A groups: household whose members merely work (i) Columns 1 to 5 are of uniform .on somebody else's land for wages should applicability and entries have to be not be treated as a cultivating household. made in respect of all the establish­ Col. 17: Remarks ments; 59. If there is an entry in Col. 6 as (ii) Columns 6 to 8 pertain to manu­ "Vacant", you have to record the reason facturing, processing, etc.-estab­ such as "dilapidated", "under repair", lishments; "incomplete construction", "want of tenant" (iii) Columns 9 to 10 relate to trading etc., in this column. establishments; and 60. After you have completed filling up of the houselist for your block, you (iv) Column 11 refers to "other" will prepare a duplicate copy of the Establishments which are not houselist, for which you would be given covered in columns 6 to 10. adequate number of blank forms. Thus, it will be seen that the columns INSTRUCTIONS-PART II falling within groups (ii) to (iv) are mutually ESTABUSHMENT SCHEDULE exclusive, while those in group (i) are common to all. 61. Instead of loading the main House­ list form itself with questions pertaining Col. 1 : St. No. to Establishments, it has been decided 66. In this column the establishments to have a separate schedule in which are to be entered one after another serially. particulars of each establishment are to be Arabic numerals should be used for this recorded. purposl', i.e., 1, 2, 3 etc. 62. The term "Establishment" has Col. 2: Census House No. been defined in para 40 of this booklet. 67. The Census house number to be You are requested to study it carefuUy, noted is the same as that in column 3 before filling the 'Establishment Schedule'. of the Houselist and against which 'Yes' 63. The respondents should be fully assured is written in column 7 of the Houselist that the iriformation collected in these schedules indicating that the Census house is used will be treated as completely confidential and as an establishment. is meant for statistical purposes and will not be used as evidence against any individual or 68. A point to be noted here is that establishment for a~ purpose. The respondents it is likely that a single factory or work- 135

shop may be spread over more than one Col. 4: Is the EstabUsl,ment-(a) Govt./ Census house adjoining one another. There­ Q.uasi Govt. (b) J>.rivate (c) Co-opera#Jjt insti­ fore, while in Col. 2 of this schedule tution a number of Census houses may be noted in respect of that particular unit of produc­ 70. Enter here whether establishment tion, processing or repairing, trade or enumerated belongs to public sector i. e., business etc., the entries in Col. 3 onwards Govt./Quasi Govt. managed, including will be one only for that group of houses establishments run by local authorities, or covered by a single unit of production or to private sector, or a co-operative enter­ business etc., establishment. For example, prise. Please do not write in the column if a single tea factory in Assam or business only (a) or (b) or (c) but write establishment in Calcutta should be spread (I) "Govt. -Public Sector, or Quasi over two or three adjacent buildings, each Govt.-Public Sector, or Local of the buildings should not be shown as Authority-Public Sector a separate factory or establishment but (2) Private the House Nos. of all these buildings shown or in Col. 2 should be bracketted together and (3) Co-operative. the particulars of the single tea factory or establishment entt"rt"d in the subsequent There may be many schools or libraries columns against this group of houses. If etc., which are not owned by any phrticular on the other hand the activities of a individual or group of individuals. These large firm or an office are carried on in may be owned by people in general and buildings located far away in different managed by Managing Committees. Such localities, each of the Census houses in establishments should be treated as "private" the different localities will have to be as distinguished from Govt./Quasi Govt. treated as a separate establishment and the or run by local authorities or co-operative enterprises. . particulars of the establishment relating to that particular Census house should be listed in this schedule. 71. An establishment will be treated as a Govt./Quasi Govt. institution if the Col. 3: Name of the Establishment or of the Central or State Govt. or a Local Authority proprietor such as the Zilla Parishad, City Corpora­ tion or Municipality etc., completely owns 69. In this column write the name of or has a majority of shares as to control the establishment in the case of factories, the management of the establishment. large manufacturing concerns, a shop or business establishment, banks, office etc., . 72. Private establishments are those which usually bear a distinct name. owned and managed by private individuals Where an establishment has no separate or corporate bodies not being co-operative name as in the case of small workshops institution or Govt. or Quasi Govt., Insti­ and establishments like confectionaries, tutions. small tea shops, Dhobi's establishment, 73. Establishments registered under the household industries etc., write the name of Co-operative Societies Registration Law of the owner as "So and so's Halwai shop" the State, alone fall in the category of etc. This is to help easy identification. Co-operative" . 136

Col 5: Average number of persons working services are rendered, it is not necessary dailJ last week or in the last working season, to enquire the number of persons E'mployed includiflg proprietors and/or familJ workers in the ptoduction/business/servicin g of each type of product, business or service that 74. In this column, the information has is covered against that serial number. to be entered relating to the total number For example in a large textile mill there of workers including the apprentices, paid may be the weaving section, dyeing section, or unpaid and also including owner (5) or laboratory, repairing section, sales section proprietor (s) of the establishment and etc. It is not necessary to ascertain the any of their family members if they also employment in each section. The total work in the establishment and also the employment has to be ascertained. The hired workers, if any. It is not necessary major activity, of the establishment will that an establishment should necessarily be described in subsequent columns. have paid workers. A small shop run in the same house where the owner lives and "Columns 6, 7 and 8: If any manrifacturi;ng the business is attended to by just one processing or servicing is done". person of the household is also an estab­ 77. These columns relate only to such lishment. The average number of persons establishments in which goods are manu­ working per day in the establishment factured or some kind of processing or ser­ during the week preceding the day of your vicing is done and/or repairs are carried on. visit sh~uld be recorded. For computing the average number of persons working 78. Household Industry: Definition per day, if the establIshment remained Col. 6: Is it (a) Household Industry (b) closed owing to holiday etc., such day (s) Registered Factory (c) Un-registered workshop should be ignored and only the 'days' A 'Household Industry, is defined as an on which the establishment worked should be taken into account. If during the industry conducted by the Head of the household himself/herself and/or mainly by week preceding your visit, the establish­ ment remained closed either due to strike the members of the household at home or or lock-out, the week during which the within the village in rural areas, and only establishment worked preceding such strike within the premises of the house where or lock-out, should be taken into account the household lives in urban areas. The for reckoning the average number of persons industry should not be rUll on the scale working. The hired workers should normally of a registered factory. be in full time employment. 79. Thus, there are four ingredients of a household industry:- 75. Some establishments such as a sugar factory, rice mill etc., may be seasonal in (i) nature of activity character and may not be actually working (ii) participation at the time of the present listing. You (iii) location should then ascertain the particulars of (iv) size such establishments with reference to the 80. (i) Nature of activiry :-A household last working season. industry should relate to production, pro­ 76. In case more than one product is cessing, servicing, repairing, or making produced, or more than one item of and selling (but not merely selling) of goods. business is conducted or several types of It does not include professions such as a 157 pleader or doctor or barber, mUSICIan, 85. (b) Registered Factory :-A factory dancer, washerman (Dhobi), astrologer etc., which' is registered under the Indian Fac­ or merely trade or business even if such tories Act should be t!-'eated as a 'Registered professions trade or services are conducted Factory'. Any other workshop merely at home by members of household. licenced by the Municipal or any other authority or registered for any other purpose 81. (ii) Participation:-The Head of the should not be treated as a registered factory household and/or one or more members unless it is registered under the Indian of the household must participate in such Factories Act. an industry. If it is run primarily by hired labourers, the 'participation' ingre­ 86. (c) Unregistered Workshop :-Work­ dient of the household members will not shop is a place where some kind of be satisfied and it will not be a 'Household cproduction processing, servIcmg, repaIrmg Industry'. The industry may run with the or making of goods for sale' is going on. help of hired workers but the head and/ • A workshop which is registered under or members of the household must be the Indian Factories Act should be treated mainly participating in the industry and as a registered factory and others as not solely dependent on hired workers. unregistered workshops. Workshops which Besides "actual work", participation also are run as household industry should be includes "supervision and direction". treated as household industry and entered as such. 82. (iii) Location:-The industry should be located within the premises of the house 87. When you come across an where the household lives in urban areas; establishment where some kind of manu­ if it is situated at a place other than at facturing,_ processing or servicing etc., is home, it will not be termed as household done, you should ascertain whether it is industry in urban areas. In rural areas, a Household Industry or a registered however, the industry may be either at factory or a workshop not registered under home or anywhere within the village limits. the Factories Act and write whatever it In rural areas, even though, the industry actually is in this column. Please note is not situated at home, there is a greater that workshops merely licenced or entered possibility of the members of the household in the registers of a local authority are participating in it if it is lacated within not to be considered as registered factories the village limits. unless registered under the Indian Factories Act. All workshops other than household 83. (iv) Ske:-The industry should industry and not registered under the not be on the scale of a registered factory. Indian Factories Act should be treated as Irrespecdve of the location and partici­ unregistered workshops even if they are pation by the members of the household, merely licenced as workshops by the local if the industry or workshop is registered authorities. Please do not write (a) or (b) under the Factories Act, then it will not be or (c) in the column but write "Household a household industry. Industry" or "Registered Faciory" or "Unregistered Workshop", as the case 84. Thus it will be clear that any may be. industry which can be termed as 'House­ hold Industry' must satisfy all the four Col. 7 : Description of the produets, processing ingredients mentioned above. or servicing done 138

88. The description of the actual work Establishments rendering commercial relating to product, processing and servicing services are the banks, money lending which is done in the Household Industry, firms, Pawn shops, etc. factory or workshop that is being listed is Col. 9: Description oj goods bought/sold to be recorded here, e.g., handloom weaving, lace knit.ting, oil ghani etc., manufacturing 92. If it is a trading establishment, of G. I. pipes, electroplating, motor or you should ascertain what are the goods cycle repairing, iron foundry, paper making bought and/or sold and write the or book binding, printing and dyeing, shoe description in this column. If there are making, sweetmeat making etc. If in any more than one type of goods bought/sold establishment more than one article is by the establi shment, you should give produced or more than one kind of description of the main item of goods processing or servicing or repairing is done, bought/sold by the establishment. indicate only the major kind of products 93. In the case of establishments or processing or repairing or servicing etc. rendering commercial services such as in Col. 8 : Type oj fuel or power used the case of Banks etc., you should write 89. Enter here the description of the the description of the services rendered, as power or fuel used for the running of the in the case of a band, you should write factory, workshop (or household industry "banking services". if it is run on power or fuel). The fuels Col. 10: Whether (a) wholesale or (b) retail _ can be kerosene, soft coke, petrol, diesel, 94. For all trading establishments, you gas, coal, wood, etc. Electricity and steam should ascertain in respect of the goods etc. are some of the sources of power. mentioned in column 9, whether they are Some units may be run by animal power sold/bought in wholesale or in retail and such as oil ghani. Some may be run by write, as the case may be. merely human energy such as carpet-making, . pottery making etc. Enter the description 95. You may come across certain of fuel or power used for the production, establishments wherein both types of trade processing, servicing etc., that is carried on i e., wholesale and retail go on. In such in the establishment. There may be cases, you should ascertain in which instances where more than one fuel or category (i.e., wholesale or retail) the power is used, in such cases, only the volume of trade is greater and record fuel or power which is used in running the category accordingly. the primary unit of the industry will be 96. In the case of establishments noted in this column. rendering commercial services, e.g., bank 90. Columns 9 and 10 are to be filled in etc., please do not write any or the two respect oj trading establishments or establishments categories i.e., 'wholesale' or 'retail' but which render commercial services onlJ. put an 'X' in this column. 91. Trading or business establishments Col. 11: If used as any othir establishment, are those where some trading i.e., describe e.g., Govt. office, school, Hospital, transactions involving sale and/or purchase Railway Station, Barber's Saloon, Cinema of goods go on. Theatre, Hotel, Tea shop, etc. 139

97. Two specific types of establishments the same title or ownership, each such have been covered in columns 6 to 10. census house should be treated as a Column 11 relates to the remaining types separate establishment and recorded as of establishments not covered by columns such against that census house in this 6 to 10. You have to describe such schedule. It may, however, be noted that establishments in this column, e.g., Govt. where processing for the production of an Office, school, hospital, Railway Station, article is carried on, in separate adjoining orphanage, Rescue Home, Barber's saloon, census houses, all the census houses should cinema, theatre, hotel, tea shop, lawyer's be treated as a single establishment and office, doctor's clinic, laundry, etc. recorded as such. If on the other hand the activities of a large firm or an office General: are carried on in buildings located far 98. It is possible that in a particular away in different localities, each of the establishment, more than one activity is census houses in the different localities will being undertaken within the same premises. have to be treated as a sepa.rate estab­ For example, say in a betel shop bid; lishment and the particulars of the rolling is also being undertaken or in a establishment relating to that particular grocery shop a flour mill is also located, census house should be listed in this or in the doctor's clinic medicines are schedule. sold. In such cases, the establishment should be identified havink regard to the major activity and recorded as such in 100. After you have completed filling the relevant columns pertaining to the up of the Establishment Schedule for your major activity. block, you will prepare a duplicate copy 99. But if different activities are of the Establishment Schedule, for which undertaken in different census houses quite you would be given adequate number of cut off from one another though under blank forms. APPENDIX XXII-contd.

INSTURCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS FOR FILLING UP THE INDIVIDUAL SLIP

General Census of 1971 is the sunrise of lst March As a Census enumerator, you are per­ ·.1971 i.e., the census is expected to provide forming a duty which is of great national a picture of the popUlation of the country importance. The data you provide through as it exists at sunrise of 1st Marc:h 1971. the census form the basis for the demar­ It is obviouly not possible to ascertain the cation of electoral constituencies; the particulars of every individual through­ national planning largely depends on the out the length and breadth of the- country accuracy of the census data. Census at this fixed point of time. Therefore, data are also depended upon heavily by the enumerator will actually commence' the public and Government Organi­ his work of enumeration on 10th February, sations. You are privileged to be a Census 1971 and end it on 28th February, 1971.. enumerator. At the same time, your res-­ You will, therefore, have to cover your ponsibilities are also heavy. You have to jurisdiction and enumerate every person as fulfil them with a sense of pride and will be explained in the succeeding para­ devotion to duty. graphs during that period of 19 days. But in order to bring the picture up-ta-date as 2. For your information certain provisions at sunrise of 1st March, 1971 i.e., the refe­ of the Indian Census Act which clothes rence date for the census, you will have you with the legal power to canvass the to quickly go round your jurisdiction again census questionnaire and also prescribes on a revisit from 1st to 3rd March, 1971 your responsibilities are reproduced in and enumerate any fresh arrival in your Annexure-I. jurisdiction who might not have ~lready 3. Please take particular note of the been enumerated elsewhere and also take provision of sections 11 (1) (a) and (b) of account of any fresh births that might the Census Act which require you to per­ have taken place in any of the households form your duty as a census officer diligently after your previous visit and before the , and to keep the information collected at sunrise of 1st March. 1971 and fill in fresh the census confidential: census schedules to cover such cases. As a corollary you will have to also cancel 4. The Indian Census hasa rich tradition the census schedules relating to persons and has enjoyed the reputation of being who may have, unfortunately died since one of the best· in the world. It is hoped your last visit to a household but prior that you will help in keeping up this good name. to the sunrise of 1st March, 1971. Births or deaths and arrivals of visitors REFERENCE DATE AND ENUMERA­ that had taken place after the TION PERIOD sunrise of Ist March, 1971 need not be 5. The reference date for the population taken not be taken note of by you. 141

PAD NO. AND SLIP NO. if any, and enumerator Block No. But if on 6. The census charge officer or the any slip, location code has not been stamped supervisor would have issued the required through oversight, you will have to note number of enumeration schedule pads of the combined location code No. made-up individual slips to .you. Some may be of the district No., tehsil or thana or town in pads of 100 schedules and some of No. and the village/ward No. and enume­ 25. On the top of the pad, the pad rator block No. on each schedule on the number would have been noted prominently left hand top corner in the space provided by the charge officer. Soon after you for the purpose. Elements of each code receive your pad, you should check them should be separated by oblique strokes. and note . on the right hand corner of each The enumerator block number may be individual slip, within each book ill the noted within round brackets at the end of space provided for the purpose, the Pad the location code. Please also see the No. as given on the top of the cover instructions in para 22 below. You must get yourself fully acquainted with the and you should also allot swial number to each schedule. The serial number of the complete code numbers allotted to your schedules will have to be given by your­ area. This will be intimated to you by self in one sequence starting with one on your Census Charge Officer. the first schedule of the pad and ending 8. If you have, by any chance, been with 100 in case of pads of 100 schedules put in charge of more than one village and ending with 25 in case of pads of or urban block, please make sure that 25 schedules. In some pads the actual you have separa te pads for each village or number of schedules may by mistake be urban block. Do not enumerate the popu­ a little more or little less. The last serial lation of a second village or a second urban number in such pads may, therefore, vary block in continuation of the first in a accordingly. The ultimate idea is that common pad. The enumeration schedule every slip should be allotted the pad pads of each village or urban bloc.k will number aI well as the distinct serial have to remain separate. number. LOCATION CODE AND YOUR 9. Your appointment order would have defined your census jurisdiction. You must JURISDICTION acquaint yourself with your jurisdiction 7. On the top cover page of each book immediately your appointment order is you .will also find the location code num­ received. You should get to know the ber of your village or town indicating the relevant house numbers of the houses district number, the tehsil or thana or which you are expected to visit for town number and the village number. You enumeration. Any new houses that might may find that the district No. and the have come up within the limits of your tehsil No. have been already stamped on jurisdiction for which no number had each slip in the rural pads. In the case been allotted before, should be indicated by . of urban area" the town No. may also a sub-number to the adjoining house be rubber stamped along with the district number. You should also know the dividing No. In rural areas you will have to note line between you and the adjoining enu­ in addition the village No. and the enume­ merator. Make sure that he also knows rator Block No. and for towns ward No., the boundaries of your jurisdictions so that 142

there is no ambiguity and overlapping or areas within your jurisdiction where there omission. In case of any doubt you should is a likelihood of houseless persons such immediately consult your Supervisor or as the pavement dwellers or nomads living. the Charge Officer. Those house less persons should all be censused on the night of 28th February 1971. 10. Immediately you are appointed a You will also have to cover that night, Census Enumerator, please prepare a detailed persons living in boats, if any, in your sketch of the area allotted to you showing jurisdiction. the streets, other prominent land marks and also the location of the actual houses 13. All persons normally residing at a that you enumerate. This sketch is im­ place within your jurisdiction during the portant in order that your area may be census enumeration period are eligible for identified by anyone even at a later date. enumeration. A person IS considered as This sketch will also ensure complete normally residing there if he normally coverage at the census. You will be re- stays in that place during the enumeration o quired to give this sketch with your final period i.e., from 10th February till 28th abstract to your Supervisor immediately February 1971, and had in fact actually after the census enumeration is completed. resided there during any part of the enu­ meration period. If a person had been PERSONS TO BE ENUMERATED away throughout the enumeration period he is not to be considered eligible for 11. While your appointment order may enumeration here. He will be enume­ indicate all the houses that fall in your rated wherever he is actually found jurisdiction you will have to locate every during the enumeration period. Similarly, household in your area. A household a person who would have normally is defined as 'the entire group of persons resided at another place during the enu­ who commonly live together and take meration period but in fact was absent their meals from a -common mess unless during the entire period from that place the exigencies of work prevent them from will be enumerated if he is to be found doing so'. A household can be either a in any household in your jurisdiction as one person household i.e. a person who a visitor. Such persons should, however, makes provision for his own food or other be cautioned that they should not get essentials for living without· combining themselves enumerated again in case they with any other person to form part of may move from this place. a multi-person household. It may be a multi-person household i.e., a group of 14. Thus when you visit a household for two or more persons who make common the purpose of enumeration, you will provision for food or other essentials for enumerate the following persons: living. They may be related or unrelated (i) All those who normally stay and persons or a combination of both. House­ are present in that household during holds usually occupy a whole or part of the entire period of enumeration i.e., not more -than one housing unit but they from 10th February to 28th February; may also be found living in camps, in (both days inclusive) ; boarding houses or hotels ior other institu­ tions or they may be homeless. . (ii) Also those who are known to be normally resid ing, and had actually 12. You will have to make note of the stayed during a part of the eilume- 143

ration period (10-28 Feb.) but are ensure that none of the persons in the not present at the time of your visit; household is left out. Perhaps it is best (iii) Also those who are known to be that after enumerating the Head of the normally residing and are not present household, you cover the near relatives first at the time of your visit but are such as, the wife, sons and daughters, son's expected to return before 1st March wife and son's children, daughter's husband 1971; and and their children torming part of the household, then distant relatives, and (iv) Visitors who are present in household domestic servants or other boarders or censused by you but had been visitors, forming part of the household away from the place (s) of their and entitled to be enumerated here. usual residence during the entire Please make repeated enquiries about infants enumeration rperiod. For the pur­ and very young children for they are often liable pose of enumeration such visitors will to be lift out of count. be treated as normal residents of the place (household) where they 19. The various items to be canvassed were actually found during the enu­ on the Individual Slip are explained in meration period provided they have the following instructions: not been enumerated elsewhere. Pad No. and Slip No. 15. You should plan out your work in 20. Make sure that the Pad No. and such a way that you will be able to cover the Slip No. have been noted by you on your entire jurisdiction in a systematic the top right hand corner or" each schedule manner and you do not leave the work against the i tern provided as already indi­ to be accumulated towards the end. cated earlier under the general instructions. The noting of Pad No. and the Slip No. 16. Your task is simple. You will be is necessary for, you will be later required required to canvass only one simple In­ to tabulate in an Abstract certain items of dividual Slip containing 17 questions for information of each schedule on a separate each individual to be enumerated in your form where you will have to indicate the jurisdiction. You will have to later post Slip No. concerned against which you some particulars on the Population Record will be posting the data. The Pad No. and you have to also prepare an Abstract. is the number already furnished on the You have to record the answers as laid top of the enumeration schedule, Pad and down in the succeeding instructions briefly. the Slip No. is the serial number that you CENSUS SCHEDULE (Individual Slip) will be giving for each schedule in this Pad. You are also advised to use the Pads 17. The census schedule which is called in a sequence starting with the lowest the Individual Slip that you will be re­ Pad number. quired to canvass is given on page 120. 21. In case your jurisdiction covers 18. One slip will have to be filled for more than one village or more than one each individual in each household that urban block please ensure that you do not you visit in your jurisdiction. You should make use of a common pad of schedules first enumerate the Head of the household for all the villages or urban blocks in followed by the other members of the house­ your charge. There should be separate hold in the most convenient order and pads for each village or urban block even 144-

if there were a few blank schedules left the location code number later when you over in the pad of a particular village actually visit each household within your or urban block. block for enumeration. When you visit the household you may have to then note Location Code only the household number as indicated in 22. Though this has already been referred the next para by the side of the location to generally earlier, it is. worth elaborating. code number which you would have already The location code is the method by which indicated. every village or town in a tehsil/taluk/police HOlUehold No. station/anchal/Island in eyery district of a 24. The identifying household number State is identified by a combination of of the household that you are covering at numbers. For this purpose, every district, the Census should be noted within the tehsil, taluk, police station, anchal or Island, square brackets provided for the purpose. village or town in your State would have As you may be aware, Hou.eHsting and been allotted code numbers. Your Charge Housenumbering operation was undertaken Officer would have indicated to you the during 1970 with a view to numbering district, tehsil, taluk, police station, anchal each census house and locating all or Island and the village 'Or town numberS households living in census houses. In as also the ward number of the town the course of this operation, each census pertaining to your jurisdiction. By a com­ house was given a number and households bination of these numbers one can exactly found therein would also have been locate your village or town. Thus, a allotted a number. The census house code number running as 10/3/46 would numbers would be painted on the houses mean village No. 46 in Tehsil No. 3 of at prominent place, like the pillar of the District No. 10 of a State, or a code num­ main gate, top of the main door etc. ber running as would mean ward 6/n/5 Sometimes there may be more permanent No.5 in Town No. II of District No.6. house numbering plates affixed. In the case Note that the Town No. is given in Roman of thatched houses, numbers may have figure to distinguish it from rural code been written out on a tin plate or wooden No. At the end of the location code you board and left with the households with should add within round brackets the a request to preserve the same. You enumeration block number that has been should use this number. allotted to you by your Charge Officer thus 10/3/46(60) or 6/II/5(4). You will 25. It may happen that when you visit be identified by enumerator's block number your area for'census taking you may come and this has to be entered in your Daily across some census houses which did not Posting Statement. (The enumerators' block exist at the time of houseHsting and, numbers will be a continuous number for therefore, no numbers had actually been . the tehsil/taluk/town etc.). allotted to them. You should allot a number after consulting the order of 23. Make sure that you know the correct numbering prevailing in your jurisdiction location code of the area allotted to you. (Please see Annexure II) and locate the You should note down the location code on households living therein. For example, jf each blank individual slip immediately in between buildings 9 and 10 another the enumeration pads are issued to you. building has come up; you should allot This will save you the trouble of noting the number 9/l to this structure and in 145 case more than one building has come up Q.uestioD 1: Name numbers like 9/1, 9/2, 9/3 and so on should 30. Write the name of the person be used for the new structures then locate enumerated. If a woman's name is not the census houses in accordance with the given out, describe her as 'so and so's wife, instructions in Annexure II and thereafter mother or daughter'. By custom if a locate the households and allot numbers in woman finds it difficult to give the name the prescribed manner. The household of her husband and if the man is absent number will be the same as the house at the time of enumeration but his number if only one household is living in particulars have to be recorded write a house. If there were more than one 'so-and-so's husband' if you have failed to household then alphabetical sub-numbers ascertain the name even from the neighbours. within brackets as 19(a), 19(b), etc., will have to be added to the house number For newly born infants who have not to distinguish each household. It may yet been given the name write "baby" and also happen that the number given at the add father's or mother's name. time of houselisting has been obliterated. question 2: Relationship to Head You should allot the correct number 31. In the case of the Head of the having regard to the preceding and household write 'Head'. The Head of the succeeding buildings. household for census purposes is a person 26. For the purpose of conveniently who is recognised as such in the household. understanding the housenumbering system, He is generally the person who bears the the instructions governing the numbering chief responsibility for the maintenande of of buildings, census houses and households the household and takes decisions on behalf are given in Annexure II. of the household. The Head of the household 27. If the household happens to be an need not necessarily be the eldest male institutional household such as a boarding house, member, but may even be a female or hostel, hotel, chumme,) etc., where a group of a younger member of either sex. You need unrelated persons stay together then add 'INST' not enter into any long argument about it to the household number. but record the name of the person who is recognised by the Household as its Head. 28. If you are enumerating the houseless persons, you should record '0' boldly in the 32. In the case of institutions like space provided for the household number. boarding houses, messes or friends living 29. In all the individual slips pertaining together in one census house, which should to the members of the same household, be regarded as households of unrelated the household number will be repeated. persons living together, which may be You will then start recording the particulars called institutional households, the manager of each individual against questions indicated or Superintendent or the person who has in the Individual Slip according to the administrative responsibility or who by instructions that follow. common consent is regarded as the head should be recorded as the Head of the Please do not write anything in the spaces enclosed by dotted lines in question Nos. 2, 3,5, household. 6(b), 7(b), 7(c), 7(d), B(b), B(c), B(d), 9-15, 33. The Manager or Superintendent who 16(a), 16(d), 16(e), 16(f), 17(a), 17(d), 17(e) and 17(f). These are meant for writing code numbers does not stay normally in the institution in the Tabulation Offices. should be enumerated at his place of 146 normal residence. You should make sure respectively that you have noted the sex before filling up the slip for the Manager correctly. or Superintendent etc., of an institutional Q.uestiOD 4:: Age household, that he/she has not been enumerated at any other household. 38. Record the age of the person in total years completed last birthday. Very 34. In the case of absence of a normal often there is a tendency on the part of 'Head', the person on whom the respon­ the individuals to return 'years running' sibility of managing the affairs of the rather than the 'years completed'. Make household falls, should be regarded as the sure that only the actual number of years Head. completed is recorded. 39. In respect of infants who might 35. All relationships in this question not have completed ani year by the day of should be recorded in relation to the Head enumeration their age in completed years of the household. Write the relationship should be invariably shown as '0' as in full. Do not use words like 'nephew', they have not yet completed one year of 'niece or uncle', but state whether brother's age and add 'Infant' in brackets. As \Vas or sister's son or daughter (for nephew or stated under general instructions make niece) or father's or mother's brother (for sure that infants even if a day old are uncle), 'Son' will include 'adopted son' or invariably enumerated. Tau should not enter 'step son'; similarly for a daughter. In the age in months. The age of an· infant the case of visitors, boarders, or employees, who has not yet completed one year shoutd write 'visitor', 'boarder' or 'employee', as invariably be noted as '0' only. the case may be. In the case of institution, 40. Age is one of the most important the members should be recorded as items of demographic data and you should 'unrelated' . ascertain the age with greatest care. 36. If on the check of revisional round Many persons particularly in the rural between Ist and 3rd March, 1971 the areas cannot give their age correctly. Head of the household as recorded They should be assisted to state the previously is found to have died, the correct age by stimulating their memory person in the household who succeeds with reference to any historical event etc., him by common consent as head should well known in the area. Sometimes the be recorded as Head and the relationships age can be ascertained with reference to in all other slips will have to be suitably the age of another person of a known age corrected. The slip of the deceased Head that may be in the same household or in of the' household will, of course, be the neighbouring household ~r that of a cancelled. well known person of the village such as Headman of the village. A person can Q,ue.dOD 3: Sex more easily say whether he was older or younger to such a person and by how 37. For males write eM' and for females many years. This will help you to record write "F' within the circle indicated against the age more accurately. this question. Even for eunuchs and hermaphrodites, write "M' only. Verify Q.uesdOD 5: Marital Stataa with reference to the name and relationship 41. In answering this question use the to Head against questions 1 and 2 following abbreviations: 147

NM : Never Married the age at which she got married for the M : Currently Married first time should be recorded. W : Widowed 6(b) Any ehild born in the last One year S : Separated or Divorced 45. Any child born in the la.t 42. For a person who has never been one year: You should ascertain if the married at any time before, write 'NM'. currently married woman whom you are For a person currently married, whether enumerating gave birth to a child in the for the first or another time and whose last one year priorto the dateofenumeration. marriage is subsisting at the time of Since it may be difficult for a person to enumeration with the spouse living, write reckon the exact year with reference 'M'. Write 'M' also for persons who are to the English calendar dates, the period recognised by custom or society as married of one year may be ascertained with and for the persons in stable de facto reference to a well known festival day union. Even if a marriage is disputed in which falls close to Feb-March, as the locality write 'M' if the person concer­ determined by the Census Superintendent ned says he or she is married or is in of the State. You should ask if a child stable de facto union. For a widowed person was born on or after thi. festival day whose husband or wife is dead, and who last year to the date of enumeration. has not been married again, write 'W'. Only if the chUd was born alive, even For a person who has been separated if the child had died soon after birth, from wife or husband and is living apart should the answer be 'Yes', to this with no apparent intention of living question. Still birth, i.e., a child which is together again or who has been, divorced bam dead should not be taken into account for either by a decree of a law court or by this purpose. So while you should make an accepted social or religious-custom but sure that every case of birth of child who has not remarried, write'S'. For a born alive, even if it is not alive on the prostitute return her marital status as date of enumeration, is reported, you should declared by her. not reckon it if the child was born lifeless. (baesdoD 6: For currently married 46. It is common experience that the women only birth of the child may not be reported 43. This question has to be answered readily if the child is not actually survi­ in respect of all currently married women ving at the time of enumeration. Infant only i.e., all women whose marital status deaths are still high in the country. is shown as "M' against Q. 5. For all There is a chance of a number of such others a cross may be put through the two cases being missed unless specifically sub-parts of this question. questioned about them. It is necessary to record all live births even if the child had 6(a) Age at marriage died soon thereafter or had not survived 44. Age at marriage: You should to the day of enumeration. Therefore where ascertain the age at which the currently the initial answer to this question is 'no', married woman whom you are enumerating you should ask a specific question if there was married and record that age in has been a case of child having been completed years. If the currently married born alive in the last one year and later woman had been married more than once, dying before the enumeration date. This 148 is a delicate question and should be asked woman in a household after your last with tact in a manner not to offend the visit but before the sunrise of 15t March, sensibility of the respondent. Where a 1971. You will have to take this into currently - married woman first answer", that account and correct the answer against she had no child born in the last one theQ.6 (b) accordingly. You must enquire year, you may perhaps question her as specifically if any such birth has taken follows: place. While ignoring still births all other births where the child was born alive "It has been found in some houses that even if it did not survive long should a child was born and had died soon after or be taken into account. a few days or months later and such cases had not been reported. It is my Q.uestioD 7: Birth Place hope that there are no such cases here. 48. Answer to this question has to be Am I right?" filled with reference to the place of birth This may bring in the required response. of the persons enumerated and the parti­ If she reports 'no' then you can be sure culars recorded under the four sub-items that no birth has been missed. You have of this question. to make sure that any live birth that 7 (a> Place of Birth has occurred to the currently married woman in the last one year is netted 49. Write 'PL' for a person born in whether the child is surviving till the the village or town where he is being date of enumeration or not. Similarly, enumerated. Where 'PL' is noted against probe to eliminate still births :may be this question put 'X' against sub-items (b), necessary. For example, when the answer (c) and (d). is 'yes' under question 6(b) the enumerator For those born outside the village or might ask if the child is here in this town of enumeration write the actual house. If the answer is '~s', no further name of the place against sub-item (a) question is needed. If 'no', the enumerator and fill the other details against sub-items might ask where he has gone. The (b), (c) and (d). answer may be 'dead' or he has gone 7 (b) Rural/Urban elsewhere. If 'dead' then the enumerator might ask when did the child die and 50. For those born outside the village this will bring out the fact whether or or town of enumeration ascertain if the not it was a. still birth. place of birth was a village or town at the time of his birth. To enable a per­ 47. Write 'Yes', if the currently son to determine whether the place was married woman had given birth to a live a town or a village he may be required child from the prescribed festival day to indicate the status of the place of last year to the date of enumeration or birth in comparison with a known town 'uo' if she had not. In case of twin or in the neighbourhood of the place of multiple births, write 2, 3, etc., as the enumeration. You may mention some case may be within round brackets after important urban characteristics to enable the entry 'Yes'. the person to make out if the place of Note :-You may find on your revi­ his birth was rural or urban e.g., existence sional round from 1st to 3rd March, of a local administrative body, Industrial 1971 that a child is born to a married townships declared as towns etc. 149

For a person born in a village, write bus etc., within the country, write the 'R'. par~iculars in (a), (b) and (c) with refe­ For a person born in a town/city, rence to the administrative territory write 'U'. where the event occurred or was regis­ tered. For a person born in a foreign country put 'X' against this sub-item (baestioD 8: Last Residenee and also against ·sub-item (c). If 56. Answer to this question will have aU efforts to classify the place of birth to be filled in respect of every person if as rural/urban fail, write 'not known'. he had another place of normal residence 7 (e) Di.trict irrespective of his place of birth, before he came to the present place where he 51. For a person born outside the is enumerated. Even if a person were village or town of enumeration but within born at the place of enumeration, by the the district of enumeration write 'D'. nature of his work or for studies etc., he For a person born in another district of had shifted subsequently to another village the State of enumeration, or other State/ or town and had come back again to Union Territory in the country, write the the place of enumeration, he should be name of the district. If the person can­ deemed to have had another place of not name the district, write 'not known'. residence prior to his enumeration here. 7 (d) State/Country The last previous residence is relevant 52. For persons born within the State only if he had been outside the village of enumeration write 'X' against this item. or town of enumeration and not simply Make sure that the earlier entries made in another house or locality in the same in sub-items (a), (b) and (c) are consitent place. For example, if a person born in with such an answer; that is 'PL' might one part of Bombay City is found residing have already been written against sub-item in another part of Bombay at the time (a) or 'D' is written against sub-item (c) of enumeration, the change of residence or any other district of the State of should not be treated as change of place enumeration is mentioned against sub­ of residence because both the areas are item (c). comprised in the same City of Bombay. 53. For persons born outside the State Similarly, a person born in hamlet 1 of of enumeration but within the country, village Rampur and. found in hamlet 2 write the name of the State/Union Terri­ of the same village at the time of enu­ tory where born. meration, should not be deemed to have 54. For those born outside India, note had any other place of residence merely the name of the country and than the village where he is enumerated. there is no need to enter the name of Where a person had merely gone out to the constituent State of the foreign country•. another place or had been shifting from Where a person cannot name the country, place to place purely on tour or pilgri­ the name of the continent may be noted. mage or for temporary business purposes, . 55. For a person born on sea, record he should not be deemed to have had 'born at sea', against this sub-item and put another residence different from the place 'X' against sub-items (a), (b) and (c). If where he or his family normally resides a person was born in a train, boat or but if the person had his normal resi. 150 dence, i.e., if his normal home had been 8 (c) DUtrlct elsewhere at any time before he is enu­ 59. For a person who had previously merated at his place of present residence resided in another place, i.e., for whom irrespective of where he was born, such cpt' is not written against sub-item (a) place of his previous residence should be you have to fill in this item in the recorded here. manner indicated below:- 8(a) Place of lalt resideDce For a person who previously resided 57. For a person who had been in in another village or town within. the the village or town of enumeration conti­ district of enumeration write 'D'. For a nuously since birth (except for shifting to person who previously resided i~ another other places outside the. village or town district of the State/Union Territory of of enumeration for a purely temporary enumeration or of other State/Union stay) write 'PL" against sub-item (a) and Territory in the country, write the name put 'X' against sub-items (b), (c) and (d). of the district. If he cannot name the district write 'Not known'. For a person For a person who had had his last whose last previous residence was outside previous residence at any place outside India write "X' against this sub-item. the village or town of enumeration (irres­ pective of his place of birth), write the .8 (d) State/Co_try actual name of the village • or town 60. For a person whose Jast previous where his last residence was against sub­ residence was out-side the village or town iter;n (a) and fill the other details against of enumeration but within the State or sub-items (b), (c) and (d). Union Territory of enumeration write 8 (b) Raral/UrbaD 'X' against this item but if it was out­ side the State or Union Territory of 58. For a person who had previously enumeration but within the country write resided outside the place of enumeration the name of the State/Union Territory. ascertain if the place of last previous For a person whose last previous residence residence was rural or urban and record was outside the country write the name the answer. For a person whose last of the country and if name of the previous residence was a village write cR'. country is not forthcoming write the name For a person who last resided ill a foreign of the continent. country write 'X'. For a person whose last previous residence cannot be classified, For persons who had not moved out write 'Not known'. at all from the present place of enume­ ration from birth (except for purely Rural or Urban status has to he temporary stay) this sub-item need not determined with reference to the time of be filled and 'X' should be put in respect migration from the place of last previous of persons against this sub-item. residence to the place of enumeration. (bae.tioD 9 : DaradoD of ftesWeaee at For helping the person to determine whether a place was rural or urban, you the village or towa of EnumeradoD may mention important urban charac­ 61. Note here the period of the existing teristics as 'indicated ~in the instruc­ continuous residence in the village or town tions against item 7(b) in para 50. where the person is being enumerated, 151

in completed years. This will apply to list of scheduled castes and scheduled tribts even a person born at the place of enu­ notified for your State. Ascertain if the meration. If he had left this . village or person enumerated belongs to a scheduled town and had lived elsewhere for some­ caste or scheduled tribe and if he does, time i.e., in Q. 8 another place of last then record the name of the scheduled residence is l'eported and has come back caste or scheduled tribe which should find again to this village or town, then the place in the list furnished to you. The duration of residence to be noted against answer should be recorded against the this question is the period of the last correct rectangle provided for the purpose continuous residence. But if a person against this question. For a person who had been away on a temporary visit or is not a member of any scheduled caste tour etc., that should not be taken as a or scheduled tribe write ex' in both the break in the period of his con tinuou! resi­ rectangles. dence here. If the person was born at the place of enumeration and also had no 65. If the person belonging to a sche­ other place of last residence i.e., 'PL' has duled caste or scheduled tribe returns his been noted in Q. 8(a) then 'X' may be caste or tribe by synonym or generic put against Q.9. name of a caste or a tribe it should be en­ tered only if it finds a place in the list For a person whose duration of conti­ furnished to you .. Do not write the names nuous residence at the place of enumeration of scheduled castes in general terms as 1S less than 1 year it should be noted 'Harijan' or 'Achhut'. You should ascertain as '0'. the name of the caste when it is returned .. and write it in the rectangle provided Q.uestioD 10: RellgioD for recording the name. Similarly, do not write the names of scheduled tribes 62. In answering this question use the in g~neral term as eAdivasi'. You should following abbreviations: ascertain the Dame of the tribe when it is H: Hinduism returned and write it in the rectangle I: Islam with broken lines provided for recording C: Christianity the same. If a person is negligent S : Sikhism and insists on calling himself merely 'Harijan' or 'Achhut' or 'Adivasi' B: Budhism as the ·case may be, tell him that this J: Jainism description is not adequate for census For others record the actual religion as purposes and persuade him to give out returned fully. the actual name of the caste or tribe. 63. If a person says that he has no You should make all efforts to ascertain religion it may be recorded accordingly. the correct name of the scheduled caste Do not mistake religion for caste which or scheduled tribe as found in the notified will not be recorded here. list. If the person merely claims to be a Q,ue.tioD 11 : Scheduled Caste or Sche­ scheduled caste or scheduled tribe but duled Tribe says that he does not belong to any of 64. You have been furnished with a the notified communities applicable to the 152

area, he will not be entered as a sche­ 4 years or leIS should be treated as duled caste or scheduled tribe. illiterate even if the child is going to a 66. Scheduled castes can belong only school and may have picked up reading to the Hindu or Sikh religions. If a and writing a few odd words. perlon belongs to scheduled caste, there Q.uestioD 13 : Educational level will be either 'H' or'S' in the answer to question 10. Scheduled tribes may 71. This question will be asked of belong to any religion. those for whom 'L" has been recorded against question 12. For a person who is Q.uestioD 12: Literacy (L or 0) illiterate and '0' has been put against 67. Definition of a literate: A person him in the answer to question 12, there who can both read and write with under­ is no advantage in ascertaining the edu­ standing in any language is to be taken cational level even if he had at' some as literate. A person who can merely stage attended school and passed a stan­ read but cannot write is not a literate. dard and had relapsed i,nto 'illiteracy. In such a case you should put 'X'. You 68. It is not necessary that a person have to ascertain and record the highest who is literate should have received any educational level attained by a person formal education or should have passed for whom eL' is recorded in answer to any minimum educational standard. question 12. 69. For a person who is literate i.e., who can both read and write, record 'L' 72. For a person who is still studying in the triangle against question 12. If In a particular class, the highest educa­ there is any doubt about a person's tional level attained by him will De one ability to read or write, the lest that that he has actually passed and not the may be applied for reading is his/her one in which he is studying, For example, ability to read any portion of the printed a person studying in 1st year B.A. should matter in the Enumerator's Instructions be recorded as only 'PUC' or 'Higher and similarly for writing he/she should Secondary', as the case may be. Simi­ be able to write a simple letter. Ability larly, a person studying, say, in the 4th merely to sign one's name is not adequate year of 'MBBS' should not be noted as to qualify a person as being able to 'MBBS' but as 3rd year 'MBBS' which write with understanding. If a person is the highest level he has actually attained. claims to be literate in so~e other If you are not sure whether a person language with which the enumerator is has passed Primary, Middle, Higher not acquainted, the respondent's word has Secondary or other definite levels, you to be taken as correct. Other members may record the actual standard passed of the household may also be able to such as say IIIrd standard, VIIlth standard, testify to the literacy of the person enu­ Ist year B. Com. etc. merated. The highest educational level attained 70. For a person who is illiterate i.e., by the person enumerated should be re­ who can neither read nor write or can corded. When a person holds both general merely read but cannot write, in any and technical qualifications both of which language, write '0' in the triangle against are of equivalent level such as say B.Sc. question 12. All children of the age of (Zoology) and M.B.B.S. or B. A. (Maths.) 153 and B. E. (Bachelor in Engineering), the mainly spoken in the person's home in technical qualification should be given childhood will be the mother-tongue. In preference in recording the highest edu­ the case of infants and deaf mutes the cational level attained. Where the general language usually spoken by the mother educational level is higher than the shall be recorded. technical educational level or where it is not possible to decide which of the two 75. Record mother-tongue in full levels is relatively higher, the highest level whatever be the name of the language of education as returned by the person as returned and avoid use of abbreviations. concerned should be recorded. You are not expected to determine jf the language returned by a person is the In recording the highest educational dialect of another major language and so level of a graduate or a post-graduate, on. You should not try to establish any subject of specialisation such as (B.Sc.) relationship between religion and mother­ (Maths.), M. A. (Economics), M. Sc. tongue. You are bound to record the language (Botany), B.Sc. (Agriculture), etc., should as returned by the person as his mother-tongue be noted. You should not use abbre­ and you should not enter into a'!1 argument viations which are not in common use. with him and try to record any thing other In such cases, the degree or diploma than what is returned. If you have reason should be spelt out fully. to suspect that in any area due to any 73. Whenever you come across graduates or organised movement, mother-tongue was post-graduates as also those with a technical not being truthfully returned, you should diploma or degree, you will have to issue record the mother-tongue as actually him a "Degree-holder and Technical Per­ returned by the respondent and make a sonnel Card" and ask the person concerned report to your superior Census Officers to fill it. You should note the localion code for verification. You are not authorised on the card while issuing it. Put a tick to make any correction on your own. ( ,/) after noting the educational level against question 13 immediately after you Question 15: Other languages issue a card. When you collect it after 76. After recording the mother-tongue some time but before you complete the in question 14 enquire whether the person enumeration of your area, cross the tick knows any other language(s), Indian or and put a circle as (~). foreign and record language(s) returned by him against this question. In case he You will have to ensure that the card does not know any language apart from issued to all the graduates and the his mother-tongue put 'X' against this technical degree or diploma holders are question. collected back. The non-crossed tick, if any, against question 13 will show that 77. The number of languages recorded the card has not been collected. under this question need not be more than two. These languages should be Q.uestion 14: Mother-tongue other than his mother-tongue and they 74. Definition. Mother-tongue is the should be recorded in the order in which language spoken in childhood by the he speaks and understands best and can person's mother ~o the perSOll. If the use with understanding in communicating mother died in infancy, the language with others. He need not necessarily be 154

able to read and write these languages. it, is 110t to be treated as engaged in It is enough if he has a working knowledge work. of these subsidiary languages to enable him to converse in that language with understanding. 81. There are certain types of works which are not carried on throughout the Q,uestioD 16 : MaiD Activity year such as cultivation, livestock keeping, plantation work, some types of household 78. Every person will be asked what industry, etc. A person's main activity his main activity is, that is, how he should be ascertained with reference to engages himself mostly. For the purpose such work in the last one year even if of this question, all persons will get he was not economically active in the themselves divided into two broad streams week prior to enumeration. It is likely of main activity namely, (1) as workers that even when, a person is engaged in and (2) as non-workers according as the some other work during the period of type of main activity that the person one week prior to the date of enumera­ returns himself as engaged in mostly. tion, the main activity of the person may 79. 'Worker' defined: A 'worker' is a be cultivation, agricultural labour or some person whose main activity is participa­ other work attended to normally by him tion in any economically productive work in the course of the year. Care must be by his physical or mental activity. Work taken to see that the main activity is involves not only actual work but effective properly ascertained in such cases. For supervision and d_irection of work. example, a person's main activity may be agricultural labour and in the week prior 80. Reference periods: The reference to enumeration he may be engaged as a period is one week prior to the date of sugarcane factory labourer or as a road enumeration in the case of regular work coolie. He should be categorised for his in trade, profession, service or business. main activity as agricultural labourer only If a person had participated in any such as returned by him as he engages himself regular work on anyone of the days mostly in that work and the other work during this reference period and this has should be treated as his subsidiary work. been returned as his main activity, the person will be categorised accordingly. A person who normally works but had been 82. A man or woman who is engaged absent from work during this reference primarily in household duties such as cook­ period on account of illness or travel, ing for own household or performing one's holiday, temporary breakdown, strike etc., own household duties or a boy or a girl the person should be treated as engaged who is primarily a student attending in regular work in which he would have institution, even if such a person helps otherwise been employed but for his in the family economic activity but not temporary absence. Persons under training as a full time worker should not be treated such as apprentices with or without as a worker for the main activity. On stipends or wages should be considered the other hand, if a person is primarily as economically active and recorded as engaged in some economic activity but working. A person who has merely been at the same time does also attend to offered work but has not actually joined some household chores or attends a night 155

.chool etc., he or she should be treated 88. Cultivation involves ploughing, basically as a worker for the main sowing and harvesting and production of activity and categorised accordingly. cereals and millet crops such as wheat, 83. A person who merely receives an paddy jowar, bajra, ragi etc., and pulses, income such as a rent receiver or a pen­ raw jute and kindred fibre crop, cotton sioner who does not have to work for etc., and other crops such as receiving the income, will not be treated sugar-cane, groundlluts tapioca, etc., as economically active unless the person and does not include fruit growing, is also engaged in some economic activity vegetable-growing or keeping orchards or and if that activity is returned as the groves or working of pladtatlolls like tea, main activity of the individual. coffee, rubber, cinchona and other medi­ cinal plantations. Q.. 16(a) Broad Catego!')' (i) Worker 89. A person who merely owns land (0, AL, RHI, OW) (ii) Non.-worker (ft, but has given out land to another person ST, R, D, B, I, 0). or persons for cultivation for money, kind 84. The main activity returned by the or share of crop and who does not even person will entitle him to be categorised supervise or direct cultivation of land, either as a worker in 16 (a) (i) or as a will not be- treated as working as cultivator. non-worker under 16 (a) (ii). Similarly, a person working in another person's land for wages in cash, kind or 16(a)(I) Worker (C, AL, RBI, OW) share (Agricultural labourer) will not be 85. Where the main activity ofa per­ treated as cultivator in this question. son qualifies him to be treated as a worker AL: AGRICULTURAL LABOURER he should be further categorised according to the type of work and one of the 90. A person who returns his main appropriate abbreviations indicated against activity as engaged as agricultural labourer, this question should be entet"ed in the the abbreviation CAL' should be used in box provided for the purpose. If the the box. person is not engaged in any economic 91. Definition of an Agricultural Labourer: activity an 'X' should be noted in the A person who works in another person's box. The abbreviations to be used for wor­ land for wages in money, kind or share kers are explained below: should be regarded as an agricultural labourer. He has no risk in the cultivation C: CULTIVATJR but he merely works in another person's 86. For a person who returns his main land for wages. The labourer could have activity as working as a cultivator, the no right uf lease or contract on land on abbreviation 'C' should be used. which he works. 87. Definition of Cultivator : For purposes H.H.I: HOU.EHOLD INLUSTRY of the census a person is working as Cul­ tivator if he or ilie is engaged in cultivation 92. For a person who returns his main by oneself or by supervision or direction activity as engaged in some production, in one's capacity as the owner or lessee processing, servicing or repair of articles of land held from Govt. or as a tenant of of good such as, say, handloom weaving, land held from private persons or institu­ dyeing, carpentry, bidi rolling, pottery tions for payment of money, kind or share. manufacturer, bicycle repairing, blacksmithy, 156 tailoring etc., it has to be ascertained Household Industries is appended to these if it is a household industry, and if so, instructions at Annexure III. it should be indicated by the abbreviation 96. Sometimes it is likely that -the person 'HHI' in the box. who may not be working in his own 93. Definition of a Household Industry Household Industry may be working as A Household Industry is defined as an a petty emp!oyee in another Household industry conducted by the Head of the Industry. You should, therefore. enquire household himself/herself and/or mainly whether the person who is not working by the members of the household at in his own Household Industry is working home or within the village in rural areas in any other Household. Industry as an and only within the premises of the employee and record ~s per instructions house where' the household lives in urban given above. areas. The industry should not be run on OW: OTHER WORKERS the scale of a registered factory. 97. If a person gives his main. activity 94. The main criterion of a House­ as engaged in any other work which is hold Industry is the participation of one not cultivation, agricultural labour or house­ or more members of a household: This hold industry, this may be indicated by criterion should apply to urban areas too. merely noting 'OW' in the box. The Even if the industry is not actually locate~ type of workers that may come under at home in rural areas there is greater the 'Other Workers' category are factory possibility of the members of the household workers, those working in trade or transport. participating even if it is located anywhere all Government servants, municipal em­ within the village limits. In the urban ployees, teachers, mining workers, political areas where organised industry takes greater or social workers, building labourers, etc. prominence, the Household Industry should etc. In effect, all types of economic activity be confined to the precincts of the house not covered by cultivation, agricultural where the partic::.ipants live. In urban labour or household industry will come areas even if the members of the household under this resi~ual category. Workers by themselves run an industry but at a engaged in plantation or forestry should place away from the precincts of their not be treated as cultivators or agricul­ home, it will not be considered a house­ tural labourers but as 'Other workers'. hold industry. It should be located within the precincts of the house where the 98. Further details pertaining to this members live. 'Other' category of workers, as also those engaged in household industry, will be 95. A Household Industry should re­ recorded in the subsequent sub-parts (b) late to production, processing, servicing, to (f) of question 16. repairing or making and selling (but not merely selling) of goods. It does not include 16(a) (Ii) Non-worker (H, ST, R, D, professions such as a pleader or doctor B, 1,0) or barber, musician, dancer, waterman, dhobi, astrologer, etc .• or merely trade or 99. As was stated earlier, question 16 business, even if such professions. trade is intended to ascertain the main activity or services are run at home by members of every individual whether he or she is of household. A list of a few typical economically active or not. While 16 Ca> 157

(i) helps to broadly categorise all those activity is returned as a student. This who have returned some work as their will cover all full-time students or children main activity, 16 (a) will help to catego­ attending school. Even if such persons rise those whose main activity is not participated in some work but not to the engaged in any economically productive same extent as a full-time worker by merely work, but are basically non-workers. helping casually as an unpaid family These may be categorised under seven worker in family cultivation, household broad heads whose abbreviations are in­ industry, trade or business, they should be dicated against this question. The approp­ treated primarily as students, if that is riate abbreviation will have to be entered their main activity. CST' should be entered in the box provided. The abbreviations in the box. The other economic activity, are explained below: if any, that such persons attend to will be reflected under question 17 as secondary H: HCUSEHOLD DUTIES work. 100. This covers all those persons basi­ R: RETIRED PERSON OR A RENTIRE cally engaged in unpaid home duties doing 102. A person who has retired from no other work, or even if such a person service and is doing no other work i. e., may also be participating in some other not employed again in some full-time work work. It is not to the same extent as- a or does not engage himself in some other whole-time worker and if the person has work as cultivation, in business, trade. etc., returned his or her main activity as or a person who is a rentier or living on attending to household duties. The main agricultural or non-agricultural royalty, rent activity of such a person should be entered or divident, or any· other person of as cH'. If a person whose main activity independent means 'for securing which he is attending to household duties, also does not have to work, will come under engages oneself in some other economic this category. CR' should be noted in the activity such as helping in family culti­ box for a person coming under this vation or preparing cowdung cakes at odd category. times for sale etc., that economic activity will be covered as secondary work under D: DEPENDENT question 17. On the other hand, a wo­ 103. This category will include all man who works primarily as a factory dependents such as infants or children not worker or a plantation labourer or an agri­ attending school or a person permanently cultural labourer or in some office or disabled from work because of illness or shop etc., and also attends to household old age. If a girl or an old woman duties, obviously her main activity will be attends to household duties she should be the economic activity in which she is categorised under CH' for her main activity mostly engaged in and should not be rather than CD'. categorised as cH' for her main activity Dependents will include all non-workers in this question. She should have been even if able-bodied who have no other treated basically as a worker and her activity coming under any of the categories main economic activity should have been of non-workers and who are not seeking recorded against 16 (a) (i). any work either but are purely dependent.

ST: STUDENT B: BEGGARS ETC. 101. This refers to those whose main 104. This will cover beggars. vagrants 158 or such cases as independent women without box opposite to question 16 (a) (ii). indication of source of income and those of Conversely if a person has already been unspecified sources of subsistence and who treated as a worker and his main activity are not engaged in any economically has been indicated in the box against productive work. question 16 (a) (i), then question 16 (a) (ii) will not apply to the person and an I: INSTITUTIONS 'X' should be put in the box against 105. This will cover convicts in jails or question 16 (a) (ii). Thus 16 (a) (i) and inmates of a penal, mental or charitable 16 (a) (ii) are mutually exclusive. institution, even if such persons are com­ pelled to do some work such as carpentry, (t. 16(b) to 16(f) carpet weaving, vegetable growing etc., in 108. These sub-parts of question 16 will such institutions. An under-trial prisoner have to be filled only to describe the in a jail should not, however, be brought details of the household industry or other under this category but has to be indicated work indicated against question l6 (a) (i). according to the main activity he was If the main activity has been shown as engaged in before he was apprehended. 'c' or 'AL' against 16 (a) (i), there is no Inmates of such institutions will be noted need to give the details of the cultivation as 'I'. or agricultural labour in these sub-sections. 0: OTHER NON-WORKERS • 109. Similarly, if the main activity or an 106. This will include all non-workers individual has been returned as a non-worker who may not come lunder any of the six against 16 (a) (ii), sub-sections (b) to Cf) categories above but are seeking work, will not apply and a 'X' may be put right they should be noted as '0' in the box. across all these questions. A boy or girl who has completed education (t. 16(b): Place of work (Name of or has stopped studying and is seeking village/town) work, will come under this category. If a person is merely spending his time at home 110. Ascertain from each person who is as a dependent and is not doing any work already taken as a worker other than in and is not seeking any work will come cultivation or agricultural labour i.e., ques­ under 'D' rather than '0'. A person tion 16 (a) (i) has been answered as HHI irrespective of age and whether educated or OW, the village or town where he or or not, ir he reports that he is not engaged she works. If the place of work is the in any other activity but is seeking work same as the village or town of enumeration will come under this category. write 'PL'. In aU other cases you should write the name of the place fully. If a 107. Ir the main activity of the person person has no fixed place or work such as, who is enumerated does not qualify a say, a travelling vendor of vegetables or person to be treated as a worker and he a pedlar or a rickshaw puller who may does not fall under any of the filUr broad go from one village or town to another, categories of workers covered by 16 (a) (i) note 'No fixed place of work'. Ir he works and an 'X' has been put in the box in one particular town or viIJage that should against that question, then he must be noted. necessarily be categorised under anyone of the seven broad types of non-workers and (t. 16(c): Name of Establishment the appropriate abbreviation entered in the 111. This question and the subsequent 159 sub-sections of Question 16 need not be (t. 16 (e) Description or 'Work answered for cultivators and agricultural 113. This question has to be filled up labourers who are already noted as 'C' or forlall persons for whom the main activity 'AL' against question (16) (a) (i). is shown as 'BBI' or 'OW' in question 16 (a) (i) and for whom you should have Record here the exact name of the also to answer the other sub-sections of factory, firm, workshop, business house, question 16. Under this question, the company, shop, office etc., and in respect description of the actual work that the of public offices you should clearly indicate person enumerated is doing is to be recorded whether they are Central or .State Govern­ irrespective of which type of industry, trade, ment or local body offices, etc. If the profession or service he may be working establishment does not have any definite and which is already recorded under name such as, say, in the case of a question 16(d). His actual work should household industry like hand pounding of also be given in sufficient detail. If for rice, gur making, bee keeping, handloom example a person is merely recorded as weaving, potter's house, black smithy etc., say, clerk with no other details, it will note 'No particular name'. be impossible to properly categorise him as to the type of work he does. He may (t. 16(d) I Nature or Industry, Trade, be a clerk attending to correspondence or Proression or Service book keeping or accounting. Similarly if a person were merely to be recorded as 112. The answer to this question will a mechanic, it will not help to determine have to be adequately precise to enable what type of mechanic-electrical mechanic, proper classification of the sector of economy or a motor mechanic or a locomotive in which the person is working. The sector mechanic, etc., he is. The description of of economy in which a person works may the actual work done by a person should relate to (i) Plantation, Forestry, Fishing, be ascertained in adequate detail and Livestock etc., (ii) Mining and/or Quarrying recorded against this question. (iii) Manufacturing (iv) Construction (v) Electricity, Gas or Water Supply (vi) 114. To guide you in answering ques­ Transport and Communications (vii) Trade tion 16 (e), the types of particulars that and Commerce (viii) Professions and Services. need to be ascertained in respect of a Full details of the type of industry, few typical occupations are given in trade-profession or service in which the Annexure V. person is engaged will have to be recorded Annexure V is by no means exhaustive. here. To help you to appreciate the details This just illustrates the need to ascertain that may have to be furnished to classify the full details of the particulars of work the economic activity appropriately subs­ performed by an individual for being tantial description of various economic recorded aga.inst question 16(e). activities are furnished in Annexure IV, categorised under certain broad classifications. 115. It has been found in the past The list in Annexure IV is not exhaustive. that substantial number of persons are You shall have to describe the nature of recorded merely as general labourers. It Industry, Profession, Trade or Service is necessary to make a probe and find whatever it is, in as precise a detail as out in which type of work he is mostly possible. engaged as a labourer such as, say, a 160

road coolie, a loader or' unloader at a covered by question 16 (d) and the des­ market, a construction labourer, etc. cription of actual work of the individual enumerated c;overed by question 16 (e). 116. For those in Military service it is enough if it is merely noted as 'in Q.. 16(1) : Class 01 Worker the sE'rvice of the Central Government'. 118. For a person who is; Other details need not be given. (i) an Emloyer, that is, who hires one General : or more persons in his work des­ cribed in question 16(e), write .•.ER 117. There need be no confusion as to the scope of 16 (d) and 16 (e). 16 (d) (ii) an Employee, that is, who does would represent the nature of industry, his work described in question 16(e) trade, profession or service i.e., the field under others for wages or salary in of economic activity in which a person cash or kind, write •••••• ' •••. EE is engaged in work and 16(e) represents (iii) a Single Worker, that is, who is the occupation or the actual work that doing his work described in question the person does in the industry, trade, 16 (e) without employing others profession or service in which he is en­ except casually, and without the help gaged. Thus, for example the answer to of other members of the family except question 16 (d) may be say Cotton Textile casuatly and a participant in work as manufacture and the answer to question 16(e) members of co-operatives, write .. SW may be Chemical Engineer in that indu!ltry or a clerk or an aecountant in that industry (iv) a Family Worker, that is, who is doing or a labourer in that industry or a truck his work described in question 16 (e) driver or the managing director of that in a family enterprise alongwith other industry and so on. Similarly in question members of the family without wages 16 (d) the nature of service may be or salary in cash or kind write • . • FW some department of the' State Govern­ For a person for whom an 'X' is put ment Service and in question 16 (e) the in questions 16 (d) and 16 (e) put an ex' description of work may be a clerk or in this question also. an accountant, a Director of the Deptt., jeep driver in the Deptt. etc. etc., Again say, Explanation: against question 16 (d) the answer may 119. An Employer is a person who be private medical practice and--in 16 (e) has to employ other persons in order to may cover orthopaedic surgeon, or nurse perform the work entered in question 16 or a sweeper etc., working in that private (e). That is to say, such a person is medical practitioner's nursing home. The not only responsible for his own personal sample answers furnished in the speci­ work but also for giving work to others mens (Annexure VI) at the end of this in business mentioned in question 16(e). book, the Industrial and Occupational But a person who employs domestic ser­ lists in Annexures IV & V and the vants for household duties or has subor­ instructions given by yo6.r -superior Census dinates under him in an office where he Officers may help you to clear any doubts is employed by others, is not an employer, you may have in your mind regarding even if he has the power to employ another the scope of questions relating to Nature person in his office on behalf of his own of Industry, Trade, Profession or Service employer or employers. 161

120. An Employee is a person who in household industry i.e., in the case of usually works under some other 'person persons for whom the answer to question for salary or wages in cash or kind. 16 (a) (i) is 'HHI', there will be three There may be persons who are employed classes of workers vi.t., Family Worker, as managers, superintendents, agents, etc., Single Worker and Employee. There will and in that capacity employ or control be no Employer. Household industry by other workers on behalf of their own its very definition is conducted by the employers. Such persons are only emplo­ head of the household himself orland yees, as explained above, and should not other members of the household, the role be regarded as employers. of hired workers being secondary. If the head alongwith the members of the house­ 121. A Single Worker for the purpose hold is working in a household industry of question 16 (f) is a person who works employing hired workers, the head and by himself. He is not employed by any other members who are working should one else and in his turn does not employ be treated as 'Family workers'. If the anybody else, not even members of his head alone is working with the assistance household except casually. This definition of hired worker (s) whose role would be of a Single Worker will include a person secondary as indicated above, he would who works in joint partnership with one be treated as a 'single worker'. or several persons hiring no employees, and also a member of a producer's co­ Q,.17 : Secondary Work operative. Each one of the partners or 125. This question should be asked of members of such producers' co-operatives every person whether he has returned should be recorded as 'Single Worker'. some work as his main activity against 122. A family Worker is a member 16 (a) (i) or had returned himself under who works wi thout receiving wages in any of the basically non-working categories cash or kind, in an industry, business, against question 16 (a) (ii). As was noted trade or service. For example, the wor­ earlier, 16 (a) (ii) will cover cases like king members in a family of Dhobies where persons performing houshold duties or they all participate and each does not students who may not be engaged in any receive wages" separately will be family other economically productive work at all, workers. There may be family workers as also those who, the ugh basically are in industry, trade or professions as well. performing household duties or students For the purpose of this definition members etc., for the purpose of their main activity, of a family may be drawn from beyond still participated in some other economic the limits of the household by ties of activity such as helping the household in blood or marriage. The family worker several items of work, as in cultivation or in may not be entitled to a share of the household industry or in looking after the profits in the work or the business carried cattle, in attending to family business etc., on either by the person or Head of the but not to the extent as a full-time Household or other relative. worker. Such _plljticipation will be consi­ dered as secondary work of these persons. 123. Members of the household who 126. Ask of- each persoll if, besides help solely in household duties should not what he had already returned as his/her be treated as family workers. main activity against questions 16 (a) (i) or 124. In the case of persons engaged 16 (a) (ii), be/she participated in any 162 secondary work. A number of unpaid question 16, also attends to some cultivation family workers participating in the house­ by his direct supervision or undertakes hold enterprises, who might have returned some tuition, this will be shown as secondary themselves mainly as cH' or 'ST' or cR' work under question 17. A person's main under question 16 (a) (ii) for their main activity may be cultivation in question 16 activity will be netted here for their eco­ and his subsidiary activity money lending nomic activity which is subsidiary. Mere in question 17. Again main activity may rendering of service for ones own home or be agricultural labourer and subsidiary production of goods for purely domestic work sugar factory labourer and so on consumption are not to be treated as and so forth. economic activity. For example, a servant 127. The instructions for the usage of who works as a cook in his or her abbreviations in categorising workers under emloyer's home for wages will be considered 16 (a) (i) and filling in the details under economically active but, a housewife, even 16 (b) to (f) will apply mutatis mutandis to if she may work much more than a paid question 17 (a) to (f), except that while servant, in having to cook for the family question 16 (a) (i) will cover the main or looking after the household will not work, Q. 17 (a) is intended to cover be treated as ecnomically active for the secondary work which may be possibly purpose of this classification. Similarly, part.time. It may also be noted that the women who may produce cloth on a loin non-working categories of activity will not loom at home for domestic consumption be reported as secondary work under will not be treated as economically active question 17. ' unless the products are sold and the house­ hold derives an income. Participation in POPULATION RECORD work that goes to augment the income 128. Soon after you complete the of the household will only be treated as enumeration of all the persons in the economic activity. A boy whose main household you are expected to transfer activity is shown as a student under 16 certain items of information of all the (a) (ii), can have the secondary work of individual members of each household to say, cultivation if he helped the head of the Population Record. If you feel that the household in the fan;tily cultivation the filling of the Population Record in during some parts of the season. But if the field is likely to take considerable a girl student, whose main activity is time there is no objection to the details shown as 'ST' under 16 (a) (ii), also helped being posted by you later at home at the in weaving cloth purely for domestic end of the day. However, soon after you consumption on a loin loom at home, complete the enumeration of all the persons or helped in attending to household chores, in a household you must note down the she will not be treated as having any Location Code No. and the Household secondary work. Secondary work will be No. on the Population Record and also reckoned only if the person is engaged in copy out in Col. 2 all the names of the some economic activity even if marginal persons enumerated in the household. This will help you to check with the in addition to whatever is the main activity members of the. household and verify if under question 16. A person whose main all the persons qualified to be enumerated activity is shown as, say, a clerk in a in the household ha ve been fully Government Office or a teacher under enumerated. 163

The Population Record forms would The columns in the main body of the have been supplied to you in convenient Population Record are self-explanatory. books and each page will normally take You have to post them with reference the entries of one household. However, to the information you have collected of if in a large household there are more each member of the household in the number of persons than what a single Individual Slip against the relevant Population Record form can accommodate, questions. However, Col. 9 of the Population you may continue the entries on the next Record may require some explanation. form but note boldly on the top of the For those who have returned themselves continued Population Record as "Con­ as workers for their main activity against tinued". Question 16 (a) (i) of the Individual Slip, The Population Record hardly calls for while you may note 'C', 'AL', as the any detailed explanation. On the top of case may be, as recorded in the box each form please note correctly the against Question 16 (a) (i), in respect of Location Code No. and the Household those other than cultivators and agricultural No. It is important that you note the labourers, you may please indicate briefly Household No. correctly as has been the description of work as recorded in explained in paragraphs 24 to 28 of Question 16 (e) of the Individual Slip. these instructions. Do not fail to note For those who have returned themselves boldly "INST" in respect of institutional as non-workers for their main activity you households as explained in paragraph 27 may note the same abbreviation as recorded against Question 16 (a) (ii). and "0" in respect of houseless house­ holds as explained in paragraph 28. You will be required to furnish ENUMERATION OF HOUSELESS information in the Enumerator's Abstract POPULATION on the total number of occupied residential 129. You must complete the enumeration houses, the census households, the institutional of all the persons in all the households households and houseless households in in your jurisdiction between 10th Rebruary your block with reference to the entries and 28th February, ] 97l. During this made in this Population Record. So please period you should also take note of the make sure that you have entered the possible places where homeless population Household No. correctly as this will guide is likely to live such as on the road you in posting the required particulars in side, pavements or in open temple man­ the Enumerator's Abstract. At the right daps and the like. On the night of 28th hand side bl!low the Household No., you February, 1971 you will have to quickly will have to record information if the cover all such houseless population and household belongs to S.C./S.T. You would enumerate them. If there is likely to be have already ascertained if the head of a very large number of houseless persons tAe household belongs to a Scheduled in your jurisdiction whom you may not Caste/Scheduled Tribe with reference to be able to enumerate single handed in Question II of the Individual Slip. If one night you should report to your the head belongs to any S.C./S.T., write supervisor so that one or more extra S.C./S.T., as the case may be, and talso enumerators may be deputed to assist the name of S.C./S.T. to which the head you in the one night enumeration of such of the household belongs. houseless persons. You should keep 164 particular watch on the large settlements in their respective individual slips, with of nomadic population who are likely to reference to their relationship with 'Head' camp on the outskirts of villages. These now recognised. people will ha ve to be covered on the Consequential changes in the Population 28th February. You should of course Record shall also have to be made by make sure that they have not been you. If you have exhausted the entire enumerated elsewhere. As per instructions population record for recording the in para 28 you should record '0' in particulars of any household and it becomes bold letters for houseless persons in the necessary to record a new birth or any space provided for household number. visitor you will fill in another population REVISIONAL ROUND record form in continuation taking care 130. In the next three days, i.e., from that the location code etc., are noted on 1st March, 1971 to 3i-d March, 1971, you the second form properly. The serial will have to revisit all the households in numbering in the succeeding form for the your jurisdiction and enumerate any new household should be in continuation of births that had taken place after your the last serial number of the earlier sheet last visit but before the sunrise of 1st relating to that household. M_arch, 1971 and any visitor(s) that had ENUMERATOR'S DAILY POSTING moved into the household and who had STATEMENT been away from his/their place of normal residence throughout the enumeration 131. Each day you will have to care­ period i.e., from 10th February to 1st fully post the information on certain items March, 1971 or an entire household that of eac.h Individual Slip in the prescribed has moved into your jurisdiction during posting forms which have been supplied this period and had not been enumerated to you. Do not allow this work to fan anywhere before. In respect of every into an-ears. You are likely to commit new birth make sure that you correct errors if you tried to post particulars of the entry in question 6(b). Please also a large number of persons after the lapse see the note under para 47. of more than one day. You will have to total up the columns of the statements You will have to ascertain if any and put the information in an Abstract death(s) had taken place in any of the and hand it over along with the complete households between your last visit and schedules to your Supervisor. The posting the sunrise of lst March, 1971, and statements should be filled at the end of cross out the individual slip of the dead each day soon after completion of the person writing boldly across it as 'Died'. enumeration for the day. This will make If such a deceased person was re­ your work lighter and avoid accumulation corded as 'Head of the Household' then and pressure of work at the end and you will have to find out who is consequent errors in posting. Separate recognised as 'Head' in that household posting forms have been provided for after the deceased person. Accordingly t Males and Females and you should take you will have to put 'Head' in Q. 2 in care to post particulars of a person in the the individual slip of the person who is right form. This will make it easier to now recognised as 'Head' and correct the strike the totals of each sex and post relationship of all members of the household the statements. The totals can be struck 165 after the entries are brought up-ta-date are required to copy the sex in Col. 4 soon after you complete. the enumeration from the Individual Slip as this will help of houseless persons and you have also as a check in avoiding mistakes in posting. accounted for the births and deaths since In the remaining columns a tick ( vI ) your last visit at the revisional round. may be put against the appropriate You will observe that the information to columns, wherever information is found be posted pertains to the items against against the relevant. question and a dash which geometrical designs are found in ( -) may be put where it is not the Individual Slip such as the one relating applicable. to Q. 3 Sex, Q. 11 Scheduled Caste/ 134. Cols. 5 and 6 are to be posted Scheduled Tribe. Q. 12 Literacy. Q. 16 with reference to the entries against Q. 11 (a) (i) and 16 (a) (ii) Worker or Non­ of the Individual Slip. If, a person is worker. It is necessary that you should noted as belonging to a Scheduled Caste fill the Posting Statement with the put a tick under Col. 5 and a dash in greatest care. Col. 6. If a Scheduled Tribe. put the 132. First of all you should enter tick in col. 6 and dash in col. 5. I f the Location Code, Name of the village/town, person is neither a Scheduled Caste nor Enumerator's Block No. (No. allotted to Scheduled Tribe put a dash under Cols. you) and your name (enumerator's) in all 5 and 6 of the Posting Statement. the Posting Statements. Then start making 135. Col. 7 and 8 of the Posting State­ relevant entries in the Posting Statements ment have to be filled with reference to taking care that you enter particulars for the answer to Q. 12 of the Individual 'males' in Males Posting Statement (From Slip. A person can be either 'L' or '0'. M) and for 'females' in Females Posting Put the tick or dash in the correspond­ Statement (Form F) which arc given at ing column.accordingly. It must be noted Annexure-VI. that there cannot be a dash in both the 133. You are advised to make entries columns. in a SE'quence starting with lowest Pad No. used by you. starting with Slip No. 136. Cols. 9-13 must be posted with 1 in each Pad so as to avoid duplication some care. For a person for whom 'C' or missing of any entries. Both the has been entered in the box against statements are similar except that one is Q. 16 (a) (i) a tick ( ./) should be put meant for Males and the other for Females. under Col. 9 and dash (-) under Cols. You should not fill up Col. 1 (Final 10 to 13. Similarly for a person for Serial No.) at the first instance. This col. whom 'AL' or 'HHI' or 'OW' or 'X' will be filled' after the revisional round has been recorded against Q. 16(a) (i) i.e., after you have brought the count a tick ( ./) may be put under Col. 10 up-ta-date with reference to sunrise of or liar 12 or 13 respectively and dash 1st March, 1971 (see para 131) and also ( -) under remaining Cols. from 9-13. after you have struck the grand total of You may please note that where a tick Cols. 4 to 13. In Cols. 2, 3 and 4 you is put in Col. 13 it means the person is have to copy Pad No., Slip No. and sex a non-worker and there must be a dash as recorded by you in the slips. Even in cols. 9 to 12. For your guidance though there are separate forms of Posting specimen entries have been made in Statements for males and females, yet you Enumerator's Posting Statement appearing 166 as Annexure VIII. As you are likely to and the handing over of the posting state­ use more than one Posting Statement you ments and the abstract and the census are advised to strike totals by counting schedule pads your burden is over. If the number of ticks ( v) in the relevant you have done your work well you can column (s) as Soon as you have completed have the satisfaction that you have made entries in one form and strike the grand your humble but invaluable contribution totals after the Revisional Round. Now to a vital national task. proceed to fill up Col. I in a continuous Annexure I manner starting with the first entry in PROVISIONS OF THE INDIAN CENSUS the posting statement, while assigning ACT RELATING TO THE serial number in Col. I, you should ignore ENUMERATORS scored-out lines. Thus the grand total of Col. 4 will be the last serial number in (See para 2) Col. I. Asking oC questions and obligation to anSwer ENUMERATOR'S ABSTRACT ;C8. (I) A census officer may ask all 137. After striking the grand totals in such questions of all persons within the enumerator's daily posting statement you limits of the local area for which he is have to fill in another form given at appointed as, by instructions issued in Annexure VIII (Form T). Specimen entries this behalf by the State Government and have been made in this form to give published in the Official Gazette, he may yo~ an idea as to how an A~stract will be directed to ask. be filled up. It is most important that (2) Every person of whom any question this should be done with the greatest is asked under sub-section (I) shall be care. These abstracts will form the basis legally bound to answer such question to of the publication of the first results of the best of his knowledge or belief. the census. In the past censuses the enumerators had given very accurate Occupier or manager to fill up schedule very accurate abstracts and there was 10. (I) Subject to such orders as the hardly any difference between the finally State Government may issue in this be­ tabulated figures and those furnished in half, a census officer may, within the the abstract. You should post these abs­ local area for which he is appointed, tracts with care and pass on to your leave or cause to be left a schedule at Supervisor as quickly as possible. You any dwelling-house or with the ;'manager should hand over the enumeration pads or any officer of any commercial or in­ neatly bundled along with a sketch of dustrial establishment, for the purpose of your Enumeration Block as prescribed in its being filled up by the occupier of para 10 and the posting statements and such house or of any specified part there­ the abstract the very next day after the of or by such manager or officer with completion of the enumeration. Your work such particulars as the State Government in the posting of the abstracts will be may direct regarding the inmates of such closely checked by your Supervisor. Any house or part thereof, or the persons em­ carelessness on your part will be taken ployed under such manager or officer, serious notice of. as the case may be at the time of the With the completion of enumeration taking of the census. 167

(2) When- such schedule bas been so sub-section (I) shall be punishable with left, the said occupier, manager Of officer, fine which may extend to one thousand as the case may be, shall fill it up or rupees." cause it to be filled up to the best of Annexure II his' knowledge or belief so far as regards PRINCIPLES OF HOUSE-NUMBERING the inmates of such house or part thereof (See para 25) or the persons employed under him, as THE CENSUS· HOUSEHOLD NUMBER the case may be, at the time aforesaid, WILL CONSIST OF j BUILDING NUM­ and shall sign his name thereto and, BER, CENSUS HOUSE NUMBER when so required, shall deliver the sche­ AND HOUSEHOLD NUMBER dule so filled up and signed to the census officer or to such person as the census BaUdiDg: officer may direct. "Building" is generally a single structure but IOmetimes made up of more than Penalties one component units, which is used or II. (I) (a) Any census officer or any likely to be used as dwellings (residences), person lawfully required. to give assistance or establishments such as shops, workshops, towards the taking of a census who re­ factories, etc., or as godowns, store, cattle fuses or neglects to use reasonable diligence sheds etc., or in combination with any of in performing any duty imposed upon these such as, shop-cum-residence or workshop­ him or in obeying any order issued to cum-residence, etc. him in accordance with this Act or any rule made thereunder or any person who 2. Sometime a series of different buil­ hinders or obstructs another person in dings may be found along a street which performing any such duty or in obeying are joined with one another by common any such order, or walls on either side looking like a conti­ nuous structure. These different units are (b) any census officer who intentionally practically independent of one another puts any offensive or improper question or and likely to have been built at different knowingly makes any false return or, with­ times and owned by different persons. In out the previous sanction of the Central such cases though the whole structure Government or the State Government with rejI the adjoining units apparently discloses any information which he has appears to be one building, each portion received by means of, or for the purpose should be treated as separate building of a census return, ..•••. and given separate numbers. (c) any person who intentionally gives 3. If there are more than one structure a false answer to, or refuses to answer within an enclosed or open compound to the best of his knowledge or belief, (premises) belongi~g to the same person any question asked of him by a census e.g., the main house, the servants' quarters, officer which he is legally bound by section the garage etc., only one building num~er 8 to answer. should be given for this group and each x x x x of the constituent separate structure assig­ ned a sub-number like I (I), I (2), I (3) shall be. punishable with imprisonment and so on provided these structures satisfy which may extend to six months. the definition of a 'Census House' given (2) Whoever abets any offence under hereafter. 168

4. The buildings should be numbered On the other hand 10/1 would as follows: mean a separate building that has (i) If the locality consists of a come up after building No., 10. number of streets in a village, CeDsus House No. the buildings in the various 5. A census house is a building or streets in a village, should be part of a building having a separate main numbered contimtously. Streets entrance fron the road or common court­ should be taken in uniform order yard or stair-case etc., used or recognised from North-east to South-west. It as a separate unit. It may be inhabited has been observed that the best or vacant. It may be used for a residential way of numbering the buildings is or non-residential purpose or both. to continue with one consecutive serial on one side of the 6, If a building has a number of fiats street and complete the numbering or 'blocks which are independent of one on the side before crossing over another having separate entrances of their to the end of the other side own from the road or a common stair-case of the street and cbntinuing with or a common courtyard leading to a main the serial stopping finally opposite gate, they will be considered as separate to where the first number began. census houses. If within a large enclosed (ii) In a town/city, enumeration block, area there are separate buildings, then the numbering wiII have to respect each such building will also be a separate the axis of the street and not census house. If all the structures within any pre-conceived geographical an enclosed compound are together treated direction like North-east etc. as one building then each structure with a separate entrance should be treated as (iii) Arabic numerals (e.g. I, 2, 3, •..) a separate census house. should be used for building numbers. 7. Each census house should be number­ (iv) A building under construction ed. If a building by itself is a single which is likely to be completed census house, then the number of the within about a year's time should census house is the same as the building also be given a number 'n the number. But if different parts or constituent serial. units of a building qualify to be treated as separate census houses, each census (v) If a new building either pucca or house should be given a sub-number kachha is found after the house within brackets to the building number numbering has been completed or as 10 (I), 10 (2), etc. or 11 .(1), 11 (2), in the midst of buildings already 11 (3), etc. numbered, it should be given a new number which may bear a 8. The order in which census houses sub-number of the adjacent buil- within a building are to be numbered, ding number, e.g. 10/1 ...... should be continuous, preferably clockwise or in any convenient manner if it is Note: These should not be numbered as difficult to do it clockwise. 10 (1) or 10 (2) etc., as such numbering would apply to census 9. The definition of census house may houses within the same building. sometimes• be difficult of application in 169 its literal sense in the context of varying 10. It is usual to find in municipal patter~s of structures and their usage. For towns! cities that every site whether built example, in cities and towns, One does upon or not are numbered by the municipal come across a situation when a flat in authorities on property basis. Such open the occupation of one household as residence sites even if they are enclosed by a may be made up of four rooms or so and compound wall should not be listed for all the rooms may have direct entrance census purposes. Only where a structure from a common courtyard or a stair-case. with four walls and a roof has come up In terms of the definition of a census should it be treated as a census house house each of these rooms having entrances and listed. But in some areas the very from the common stair-case etc., may qualify nature of construction of houses in such to be treated as cenSUS houses. But it that for example, a conical roof almost does not realistically reflect the situation touches the ground and an entrance is of the number of houses. In such case, also provided, and there may not be any 'singleness' of use of these rooms along wall as such. Such structures should of with the main house by the household course be treated as buildings and houses should be taken into account and the numbered and listed. entire flat comprising four rooms should be treated as one census house only and Bou.ehold No. assigned one number. If on the other A Household is a group of persons band each one of these rooms had been who commonly live together and would separately occupied by independent house­ take their meals from a common kitchen holds and if each portion had separate unless the exigencies of work prevented main entrance then each will be justified any of them from doing so. It may be to be treated as a separate census house. made up of related or unrelated persons. In a hostel building even if the door of A cook or a servant living in the house each room in which an inmate lives opens of his employers and taking his food there on to a common verdndah or stair-case is to be considered as a member of the as it happens almost invariably, the entire master's household. A hotel where a hostel building may have to be treated number of unrelated persons live together as one census house only. In some parts is an institutional household. So is a jail. of the country in the rural areas, the pattern of habitation is such that a single 11. There may be one or more house­ household occupies a group of huts within holds in a census house. If there are more an enclosed fence which has one main than one household, each of them ,should entrance. Each of the apparently separated be given a separate identifying number. structures is an integral part of the This can be done by using the alphabets housing unit as such. In such cases it as (a), (b), (c), etc.) affixed to the census' IIlay be more realistic to treat the group house number. For example if building as one census house. Care should be No. 2 is also a cenSUS house and has taken to ascertain if only one household three households, the household numbers occupies such a unit or shared by more will be 2 (a), 2 (b) and 2 (c). If building than one household. Thus the definition number 4 has two cenSUS houses, the houses of a cenSus house will have to be applied will be numbered as 4(1) and 4(2). If having due regard to the actual situation within these houses there are respectively in such exceptional cases. 3 and 2 households then they will be 17Q numbered as 4(1) (a), 4(1) (b), 4(1) (c) TutUe MlaceJlaDeou and 4(2) (a) and 4(2) (b) respectively. Making of du"ies, carpets, hosiery, If, however, building No. 3 is also a embroidery, chrochet work, lace garland census house and has only one household making, manuCacture of headgear, making the number to be entered will be 3. of neWDT, bed covers, (curtains, pillow, pillow Cdses, etc., making of mattress, quilt Annexure III (rezai) , etc., making of namda felt, coco­ LIST OF A FEW TYpICAL INDUSTRIES nut fibre for upholstery, making of brushes, THAT CAN BE CONDUCTED ON A brooms etc., from coconut fibres, coir HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY BASIS spinning, manufacture and repair of (See paras 92-95) umbrellas, manufacture of dolls and toys I'oodsta&'s (rags and cotton) etc. Production of flour by village chakkis MaDufactare of Wood aad Wood Pro· or flour mills, milling or dehusking of dueta paddy, grinding of chillies, turmeric, etc., Sa wing and planning of wood, manu­ production of gur, khandsari, boora, etc., facture of wooden furniture, structural goods production of pickles, chutney, jams, etc., like beams, door and window frames, etc., processing of cashew nuts, making of wooden agricultural implements and their dried vE'getables, manufacture of sweetmeats repair, wooden lacquerware, wooden toys, and bakery products, production of butter, wood carving, sawdust and plaster figure ghee, etc., slaughtering and preservation making, inlay work, match splinters, ply­ of meat and fish, fish curing, etc., oil wood and veneers, etc., making palm leaf pressing ghani. mats, fans, umbrellas, etc. basketi and broomsticks, caning of chairs, making of Beverages chicks and khas khas tatties, making of Manufacture of country liquor, toddy, cart wheels, wooden sandals, etc. production of soda water, ice, ice-cream, wrbats, etc., processing of coffee etc. Paper aad Paper products Manufacture of pulp and paper by Tobacco Products hand, making of envelopes, paper mache Manufacture of bidi, cigars, cherroots, articles, card board boxes, paper flower, tobacco, snuff, etc. paper kites, toys, etc. Tutile Cotton Printing and PubliahiDg Cot\on ginning, carding, pressing and Printing works, lithography, block mak­ baling, spinning, etc., dyeing and bleaching ing, book binding, etc. of cloth, weaving in handlooms or power­ looms or manufacture of khadi, cloth printing, Leather aad Leather Products making of fishing nets, mosquito nets, cotton Flaying and processing of hides and thread, rope, twine, etc. skins, making leather footwear, wearing apparel of leather and fur, repair of shoes Tadl. Jute, Wool or SDk or other leather products. Similar type of production or processing Rubber, Petroleum and Coal Product8 as mentioned under Textile Cotton but pertaining to the material concerned. Vulcanising tyres and tubes, manufac- 171

ture of chappals from tom tyres and boats and barges, manufacture of animal­ other rubber footwear, .manufacture of drawn and hand.drawn vehicles such as rubber products from natural and synthetic bullock carts, wheel barrow, etc. rubber. Miscellaneous Manuactaring Indaa- Chemicals and Chemical Products tries Manufacture of toys, paints, colours, Repair of spectacles, photographic equip­ ment, goldsmithy, silver filigree industry, etc., manufacture of matches, fireworks, gold covering work, bidriware, musical perfumes, cosmetics, manufacture of ayur­ instruments, fountain pens, making of cow­ vedic medicines, s~ap, plastic products, dung cakes, manufacture of sports goods, celluloid goods, manufacture of ink, candles, repairing of petromax lights, making of boot polish, etc. buttons and beads from conchshell and Non-metallic Mineral Products and horn goods. other than Petroleum and Coal Annexure IV Making of bricks, roofing tiles, sanitary CLASSIFIED LIST OF ECONOMIC fittings, cement statues, stone or marble ACTIVITIES carvings, manufacture of stone structurals, ( See para 112) stone dressing and stone crushing, mica splitting and manufacture of other mica AGRICULTURE, HUNTING, FORES­ products, making of earthenware and pottery, TRY & FISHING crockery, glass beads and bangles, earthen (Do not merely say plantation or fishing toys, manufacture of glass products, etc. etc., but indicate the appropriate details as given here.) Basic Metals and their Products except Machinery and. Transport Equipment PIaQtation Cropll Manufacture of iron arms and weapons Indicate the type of plantation such and their service and repair, iron and as tea, coffee, rubber, tobacco, edible steel furniture, brass, bell-metal utensils, nuts, fruits, ganja, betal nuts, etc. aluminium utensils, tin utensils, copper Livestock Production utensils, etc., nickeling and electroplating, Indicate what kind of livestock is blacksmithy, manufacture and repair of reared such as goats, sheep, horses, pigs, agricultural implements such al plough­ ducks, bees, silk worm, etc. Production share, etc., making and repairing of locks of wool, ra w silk, etc. are also covered and trunks cutlery, manufacture of scales, in this. weights and measures and foundry indus­ try, etc. Agricaltaral Services Indicate what type of agricultural service, MachiD.ery (all kinds other than Tr.... • e.g., pest destroying, spraying, operation port) and Electrical Equipment of irrigation system, animal shearing and Manufacture of small machine tools livestock services (other than veterinary and parts, repairing and servicing of fans, services), grading agricultural and livestock radios, domestic electrical appliances, etc. products, soil conservation, soil testing etc. Transport Equipment Hunting Repairing and servicing of automobiles, Indicate hunting, trapping and game manufacture of cycle parts, rickshaw parts, propagation for commercial purpose only. 1.72.

Forestry" and Logging bleaching of cotton textiles; cotton spin­ Apart from planting and conservation ning other than in mills (charkha); k~di of forests, felling and cutting of trees, etc., production; weaving, etc. in hand-looms this would cover production of fuel, and power looms; etc. gathering of fodder, gums, resins, lac, etc. Manufacture of Wool, Silk and Synthe­ Fishing tic Fibre Textiles Sea, coastal and inland water, fishing; Wool cleaning, baling and pressing; pisciculture, collection of pearls, conches, weaving and finishing in mills and other shells, sponges, etc. than in mills; dyeing and bleaching; printing of silk, synthetic textiles; etc. MINING AND QUARRYING Manufacture of Jute, Hemp and Mesta (Do not merely say mining or quarry­ Textiles ing but indicate further details). Indicate Spinning and baling of Jute and Mesta; what is mined such as coal; lignite, dyeing; printing and bleaching of jute crude petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, textiles aud manufacture of jute bags are manganese, gold, silver, copper ore, quarry­ also covered in this. ing of stones, clay and sand pits, precious and semi-precious stones; mica, gypsum, Manufacture of Textile Products etc. (Including wearing apparel other than footwear) knitting mills; manufacture of all MANUFACTURING AND REPAIR types of threads, cordage, ropes, etc.; (Do not merely say engaged in a factory, embroidery; carpets; rain coats; hats; but indicate what the manufacturing is made up textile goods (except garments), concerned with as detailed here). oil cloth, tarpaulin; coir and coir pro­ Manufacture of Food Products ducts; linoleum, padding, wadding, etc. are also covered in this. Slaughtering, preparation and preserva­ tion of meat; dairy products; canning Manufacture of Wood and Wood Pro­ and preservation of fruits and vegetable; ducts, Furniture and Fixtures fish, grain mill products; backery products; sugar; boora; common salt; edible oils Manufacture of veneer, plywood and including vanaspati; procesuing of tea or their products; sawing and planing of coffee; manufacture of ice; animal feeds, wood; wooden and cane box elf, crates, starch, etc. drums, barrels, etc. beams, posts, doors and windows; wooden industrial goods Manufacture of Beverages, Tobacco and. like blocks, handles etc.; cork products; Tobacco Products wooden, bamboo and cane furniture and Rectifying and blending of spirits; wine fixture, etc. industries; country liquor and toddy; Paper and Paper Products and PrilltiDg, carbonated water industries; bidi; cigar, Publishing and allied ludustries cigarettes, zerada, snuff, etc. Manufacture of pulp; paper, paper Manufacture of Cotton Textiles boards and newsprints; container and Cotton ginning, cleaning and baling; paper boxes; p~inting and publishing of spinning weaving and finishing of cotton newspapers; periodicals, books, etc.; en­ in textile mills; printing; dyeing and graving, block making, book binding, etc. 173

Leather and Leather and Fur Products Electrical machinery, Apparatus, Ap. Training, currying, etc. of leather; pliances and Supplies and parts footwear (excluding repair); coats, gloves, Electrical. motors, generators, trans­ currying, dyeing, etc. of fur, fur and formers; insulated wires and cables; dry skin rugs, etc. and wet batteries; radio, television, etc.; X-ray apparatus; electric computors, etc. Rubber, Plastic, Petroleum and CoBl Products Transport equipments and parts Tyre and tubes industries; footwear Ship building and repairing locomotives made of vulcanized or moulded rubber; and parts; Railway wagons; coaches, etc.; rubber and plastic products; petroleum rail road equipment; motor vehicles; refineries; production of 'coaItar in coke bicycles; aircrafts; push-carts and hand ovens, etc. carts, etc. Other manufacturing Industries Chemicals and Chemical Products Do not say other manufacturing indus­ Manufacture of gases such as acids, tries but write clearly what is being alkalis, Oxyge.n, etc.; fertilisers and pesti­ manufactured like manufacture of medical, cides; paints, varnishes; drugs and surgical and scientific equipments; photo­ medicines; perfumes, cosmetics, lotions; graphic and optical goods; watches; synthetic resins, etc., explosive and ammu­ minting of coins; musical instruments, etc. nition and fireworks, etc. ELECTRI CIlY, GAS AND WATER Non-metallic Mineral Products Indicate if generation and transmission Structura I clay products; glass and of electric energy or distribution is invol­ glass products; earthen ware and earthen ved, e.g., manufacture of gas in gas works pottery; china ware and porcelain ware; and its distribution; water supply, i.e. cement, lime and plaster; asbestos, collection, purification and distribution of cement, etc. water, etc. Basic Metal and Alloys Industries CONSTRUCTION (Do not merely say engaged in cons­ Iron and Steel Industries; casting truction but give further particulars). Clear foundries; ferro-alloys; copper, brass, zinc details of the type of construction and and brass manufacturing, etc. maintenance such as buildings, road, rail­ way, telegraph, telephone, water ways Metal Products and Parts except and water reservoirs, hydro electric projects, Machinery and Transport Equipment industrial plants, activities allied to cons­ Metal cans from tin-plate, sheet metal, truction such as plumbing, heating and air­ barrels, drums, pails, safe, etc.; structural conditioning installation, setting of tiles, metal products; metal furniture and fixture; marble, brick, etc.; construction of electri­ hand tools; utensils, cutlery, etc. cal installations, etc. should be given. Machinery, Machine tools and parts WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE except Electrical Machinery AND RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS Agricultural machinery; cranes; road Food, Texdles, Live Animals, Beverages rollers, boilers, diesel engine; refrigerators, and Intoxicants air conditioners, etc. Indicate clearly that the wholesale trade 114 is done in cereals, pulses ; foodstuff; textiles places, hotels, rooming houses, camps and and textile products; e.g. garments, shirtings other lodging places. etc.,; beverages, intoxicants like wines, TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND opium, ganja, tobacco, etc. ; wholesale COMMUNICATION trade in animals, straw and fodder is (Do not merely say engaged in land, also covered in this. water, air transport but give further par­ fuel, Light, Chemicals, Perfumery, ticulars). Indicate what kind of transport , Ceramics, Glass such as packing, crating, travel agencies, etc. It also lock carts, ekka, tonga, etc.; Wholesale trade in medicines, chemicals; ocean and coastal water, inland water fuel lighting products; toilets; porcelain, transport, air transport, services rendered glass utensil, crockery etc. to transport such as packing, crating, travel AU types of MechiDery, EquipmeDt, iD­ agencies etc. It also includes storage, cludiag Transport and Electrical warehousing, communication such as pos­ Equipment tal telegraph, wireless, telephone etc. Agricultural and industrial machinery, FINANCING, INSURANCE, REAL e.g., harvestors, threshers, etc.; electrical ESTATE AND BUSINESS SERVICES machinery; transport equipments, etc. Indicate clearly whether services belong MisceDaDeous MaDufacturlng to Banking; credit institutions other than Wholesale trade in furniture, rub be. banks, e.g., loan societies, agricultural and rubber products; building materials; credit institutions, etc.; money lenders, clocks etc.; eye-glasses etc.; medical and financiers, etc. ; provident services; surgical instruments; precious metals, stones insurance carriers life ; fire marine ac:cident, and jewellery etc. health etc. It also includes busjness ser­ vices e.g., purchase and sale agents and aetail Trade in food aDd food articles, brokers; auctioneering; accounting; data beverage, tobacco and intoxicaDts processing; engineering; advertising services, Indicate clearly that the retail trade is etc.; legal services rendered by advocates, carried in grocery, vegetable, fruit selling, barristers, pleaders, etc. meat, poultry, bakery products, dairy pro­ COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSO­ ducts, pan, bidi, aerated water etc. NAL SERVICES aetail Trade in Textile. It should be clearly indicated whether Do not Il!erely say engaged in retail service belongs to public administ~tion, trade in textile, but indicate clearly what union government, state government, the retail trade is concerned with Dealers police service, quasi-government bodies, in textiles (non-ready made), ready-made sanitary services, education, scientific and garments, are some examples. research etc. Personal Services aetail Trade in Others Do not merely say engaged in personal Indicate clearly what kind of retail service but indicate clearly whether it is trade it is like, medical shops, booksellers, domestic service,. services relating to building material, etc. lauudries, cleaniug and o}eing plants, hair Restaurants and Botels dressing, photographic studios, international R.estaurants, cafes and other eating and other extra territorial bodies etc. 175

Annexure V Clerical Worken CLASSIFIED LIST OF OCCUPATIONS (Do not merely denote the work of i.e. DESCRIPTION OF WORK a person as clerk or office worker hut [Q. 16(e) and 17(e) See Paras 113-114] furnish further particulars.) State clearly the type of work done such as cashier, ProlessioDal, Technical aDd Related Workers accountant, stenographer, typist, computing (Do not merely sayan Engineer, Docto.f, cleck, key punch operator, office assistant, Teacher etc., in describing the work of an guard, brakesman traffic controller, railway individual but furnish more precise particu­ ticket inspector, postman, telephone/tele­ lars as given below.) Indicate cIt'arly in printer/wireless operator, record keeper, respect of engineers to what branch they despatcher, etc., office workers would also belong such as civil, mechanical, electrical, include peons, daftaries etc. metallurgical, mining etc. In respect of Sale Workers physicians, state if they are allopathic, (Do not merely say a worker in a ayurvedic, homoeopathic, etc. Physiologists shop but give details.) It should be clearly and dentists etc., should be recorded. As recorded whether the proprietor of a regards teachers, state if they are university business concern engaged himself in teachers, secondary school, middle school, wholesale or retail trade. Saleman or shop primary school or kindergarten teachers. assistants, agents of insurance, brokers in There a re various other types of chemists, share, auctioneers, commercial, travellers, physicists, archaeologists, nurses, pharma­ hawkers and street vendors, money lenders, cists, health technicians, jurists, social pa wn brokers etc., will also be covered. scientists such as economists, statisticians, .geographers, historians, anthropologists etc., Selvice Workers as also artists, writers, painters, sculptors, (There are all types of service workers actors, etc., draughtsmen, laboratory such as those engaged as domestic servants assistants, librarians, ordained religious or in personal services or in police workers, astrologers etc., who will have service or watch and ward etc. Give to be recorded with particulars of their precise particulars.) Hotel and restaurant work. keepers, house-keepers, matrons and stew­ Administrative, keeative and MaDa· ards (domestic and institutional) cooks, gerial Workers waiters, bartenders and related workers (domestic and institutional) maids and (Do not merely say Govt. Officer, an officer related house-keeping service workers, in a private firm or concern but give further building caretakers, sweepers, cleaners and particulars.) They may be in Government service or under a local body or in a related workers, launderers, dry cleaners business firm, manufacturing establishment and pressers, hair dressers, beauticians or a catering establishment or a transport and related workers, protection service company and so on. Their full description workers, such as watchmen, chowkidars, should be recorded such as for example, gatekeepers etc., other service workers. Secretary to the Government of India, District Collector, Municipal Commissioner, Farmers, Pi.hermeD, HUDters, Loggers Executive Officer of a Panchayat, Director etc., aDd Related Workers of a firm, Manager of a business concern, Deep sea fishermen, inland or river Proprietor and Manager of a hotel, elected water fishermen, shell gatherers, forest and legislative officials, aircrafts and snips rangers, charcoal burners, forest produce officers etc. gathers, plantation managers, farm machine 175 operators, gardenen, toddy tappers, rubber bricklayers, ma$ons, hut builders, thatchers, tappers, hunters, bird tappers etc.. will well diggers etc., jewellers, goldsmiths, be covered. watch and clock makers or repairers,­ welders and plate cutters, sheet metal Prod_dioa aad other Related Workers, workers, machine tool operators, electricians, Traasport Equip_eat Operators and electrical and electronic wire fitters, radio Labourer. mechanic, electric linesmen, cable jointers. (This may cover a very large variety carpenters, joiners, la wers etc., pr;inting of craftsmen and operators etc., whose type machine operators, proof readers, work will have to be given in adequate photo-litho operators, book binders, potters .. detail.) Examples: miners, quarrymen, moulders, firemen, kilnsmen, blowers and well driIlers, cotton ginners, spinners, dyers, makers of glass, millers, bakers, confec­ knitters, lace makers, carpet makes etc., tioners, sweetmeat makers, food . canners, tailors, cutters, hat makers, embroiderers, coffee or tea planters, tobacco curers, shoe makers or repairers, saddle makers, graders and blenders of tobacco,' bidi or leather cutters etc., blacksmiths, Curnacemen, cigar makers, snuff or zarda makers, tyre moulders etc., cart builders, wheel wri­ builders, crane or hoist operators, loaders ghts, cabinet makers etc., stone cutters, and unloaders etc. .

Annexure VI

Some mutratioaa for filHng the economic charaderi.tica fa.lliag _del' (t. 16 01' Q.. 17 are given below l

Q.16 (a) Q. 16 Q. 16 Q. 16 (c) Name of Q. 16 (d) Nature of In- Q. 16 (e) Q.16 (f) (i) Broad (ii) Non- (b) Place Establishment dWltry. Trade, Pro- Description Class or Category worker of Work fession ot' Service of Work Worker 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

J. C X X X X X X 2. AL X X X X X X 3. HHI X PL No particular name Spinning yarn in Spining yarn FW Ambar Charkha

4. HHI X PL No particular name Cotton Handloorn Dyeing and Spinning FW Weaving yarn

S. HHJ X PL No particular name Flour malting chakki YVinno,!,ing and clean- BE IDg grams

6. HHI X PL No particular name Oil ghani Running oil gbani SW 7. HHJ X PL No particular name Blacksmithy (making Tempering and polish- FW Agricultural imple- ing implements ments) 8. mu X PL No particular name Earthenware pottery Making pottery on FW the wheel 9. IUD X PL No particular name Earthenware pottery Making and firing EE kiln i77

0- ._ ...... _..... _.. _... _ - - _.- ... - - ~ ..... --- -_. - ._ .. --..... ,-....' ._.. . .. --.-. .. ._-- -. ----_._---_ .. Q.16!i Q. 16 (a) Q. 16 Q. 16 (c) Name of Q. 16 (d) Nature of In- Q. 16 (e) Q.16 (f) (i) Br (ii) Non- (b) Place Establishment dustry, Trade, Pro- Description Class of Category worker of Work fession or Service of Work Worker I 2 3 4 5 6 7

10. HHI X PL No particular name Carpentary manufac- Carpenter FW turingof wooden doors and windows II. HHI X PL Sarafa-di-Hatti Goldsmity Filling gold omamenta FW with lac 12. HHI X New Gupta HOIIiery Works Production of HOIIiery Operator. Hoaiery BE Delhi goods machine 13. OW X New Venna HOIIiery Works Production ofHJ.iery AccoWlt Clerk BE Delhi goods 14. HHI X PL No particular name Electroplating Scraping and Poliah- FW ingmetal 15. HHI X PL No particular name Production of Cart Putting Iron hoop on BE wheel rings Cart wheela 16. OW X PL No particular name Hair cutting Barber SW

17. OW X PL No particular JWIle Production of honey Bee-keeping SW 18. OW X PL No particular name Livestock raising Tending cattle FW 19. OW X Gir Govt. Forest Depart- Logging in forest Cutting trees in forest BE Forest ment 20. OW X PL No particular Dame Private tuition Tutor SW

21. OW X PL No particular Dame Fruit growing Garden er in mango EE orchard 22. OW X PL Muthuswamy Coffee Coffee Plantation Farm labourer EE Estate 23. OW X New Northern Railway Rail Transport Travelling Ticket ED Delhi Inspector 24. OW X PL Indian Ceramic Insti· Research in manufac- Senior Scientific om- ED tute turing of ceramic pro- cer (Ceramic Research) ducts 25. OW X PL OfIice of the Registrar Central Govt. Service Senior Research om- ED General. India cer (Vital Statistics) 26. OW X PL Gypsum Supply Co. Supplying Gypsum on Contractor supplying ER. order. Gypsum to Sindri Fertilizer Factory 27. OW X PL Chittaranjan Locomo- Locomotive Factory Accountant ED dve 28. OW X PL Delhi Railway Station Railway Station Porter Goods Shed Porter ED 29. OW X R.ampur C.P.W.D. Road Construction Manual Labourer (on ED village muster roll) digging earth 30. OW X PL No particular name House Construction Labourer brick laying SW 178

Q.. 16 (a) Q.. 16 (a) Q.. 16 Q.. 16 (c) Name of Q.. 16 (d) Nature of III. Q.. 16 (e) Q..16 (f) (i) Broad (ii) Non- {hi Place Establishment dustry, Trade, Pro- DeScription Clau of Category worker 0 Work fession or Service of Work Worker 2 3 4 5 6 7

31. OW X PL No particular name Vegetable market lao General Labourer SW bourer carrying goods 32. OW X PL Delhi Electric Supply Transmission of electri. Machine Operator EE Corporation Sub- city with the help of Electricity Station tramformer 33. OW X PL Madan Brothen Retail mop in ltatio- Shop Alsistant FW Dery .tora

34. OW X PL Sahuand Co. Wholesale Store for Proprietor, wholesale ER. grains and cereals trade 35. OW X PL Dayanand and Sana Retail shop of ready- Salesman FW made gannealS and hosiery

36. OW X PL Kaka Agrico Dealing in Hardware Sales Manager BE 37. OW X PL Indian Iron and Steel Manufacturer of iron BoUer Room Foreman BE Company, Burnpur and steel atructurala 38. OW X New Indian Airlines Cor- Air Transport Air Pilot BE Delhi poration 39. OW X Chandi- State Motor Transport Motor Transport Bus Driver BE garb Undertaking Service 40. OW X PL Prakash Transport Goods Transport by Working Proprietor ER Service MotorTruck 41. OW X PL Medical College, Medical and Health Radiologist BE Calcutta, Radiology Service of State Deptt. 42. OW X PL I.e.A.R., PUla, Delhi Plant Protection Re- Plant Nutritionist BE search 43. OW X PL Bimbla Sligar Factory Sugar Factory Chemist BE 44. OW X PL Akash Chemical and Manufacture of anti- Chemist BE Pharmaceutical factory biotics 45. OW X PL L.I.C., Delhi Life Insurance Busi- Secretary Adminitra- EE ness uon 46. OW X PL Govt. of Tamil Nadu State Government aer- Assistant Secretary BE (Commerce and In- vice dustry Department) 47. OW X PL ditto ditto U.D.c. EE 48. OW X PL Kundan Brothers, Jewellery Works Supervisor FW Jewellers. Jaipur 49. OW X PL No particular name Domestic Service Cook EE SO. OW X PL Ashoka Hotel, New Residential Hotel Cook BE Delhi 179

Q.16 (a) Q. 16 (a) Q. 16 Q. 16 (c) Name of Q. 16 (d) Nature of In- Q. 16 (e) Q.16 (f) (i) Broad (ii) Non- (bj Place Establishment dustry, Trade, Pro- Description Class of Category worker 0 Work fession or Service of Work Worker 2 3 4- 5 6 7

51. OW X Bangalore XYZClub Recreation Club Bearer EE 52. OW X PL No particular name Retail trade in grocery Working proprietor SW 53. OW X PL Bhilai Steel Plant Steel Production Chartered Accountant EE 54. OW X Howrah HowrahJute Mill Jute Mill Accountant EE 55. OW X P.,L ABC Film Studios Production of feature Cinema Actor SW films 56. OW X PL Ruparekha Company Commercial Sign Sign painter EE paintings 57. OW X PL Portland Cement Co. Cement manufacturing Canvas bag maker EE 58. OW X PL ABC Stock Exchange Share broker Share broker in tea SW and jute 59. OW X PL ABC Business House Discounting of bills of Managing Director ER Ltd. i>usiness firms 60. OW X PL Ramchandra Engine- General Engineering Die Caster EE ering Co. Works 61. OW X PL ABC Paint Factory Manufacture oC paints Ochre Grinder EE 62. OW X PL Solan Breweries Brewery Factory Distillation Plant EE Operator 63. OW X PL ABC Chemical Factory Manufacture of Hydro- Grinder EE chIoric Acid 64. OW X PL ABC Rerolling Mills Steel Rerolling Works Cleaner EE 65. OW X PL ABC Cinema Cinema House Gate keeper EE 66. OW X PL ABC Engineering Wor ks Iron and Steel Foundry Moulder EE 67. OW X PL ABC Oil Mill Manufacture of mustard Foreman, . Packing EE oil Department 68. OW X PL ABC Company Motor body building Foreman, Saw Mill EE Factory 69. OW X Shah- ABC Aluminium Com- Aluminium Factory Foundry Caster BE dara pany 70. OW X Tata ABC Iron Factory Iron Foundry Works Furnaceman Boiler BE Nagar shop 71. OW X New Govt. Printing Press Printing Works Mono Operator BE Delhi 72. OW X PL ABC Small Tool Small Tools Production Brass Turner BE Company 73. OW X PL State Social Welfare Social Welfarp. Orga- Honorary Social SW Board nisation Worker 74. OW X New ParliaDlent, Delhi Parliamentary Work Member of Parliament SW Delhi 75. OW X PL No particular journal Writing for newspapers Freelance journalist SW and periodicals 76. OW X PL ~C Party Promotion or party's Political Worker SW Political Work Annexure VII ENUMERATOR'S DAILY POSTING STATEMENT (Fann M) Location Code ...... :... . Enumerator'. Block No...... Name of Village.•...... Name of Enumerator ......

MALES

S. C. orS. T. Literacy Main Activity Q.II Q. 12 ,... ______Q. 16(a) .A. ______(i) -, ,...--.-...... _--, ,---...... _--, Final Pad Slip Sex S. C. S. T. Literacy Illi­ Culti- Agricul- House- Other Non- SI.No. No. No. terate vator tural hold worker Workers labourer Industry Q.3 L 0 C AL HHI OW X

2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Verified 100% with Schedulel and found Sisnature of Enumerator ...... correct. D.te......

Note: Make lure that total of col •• - total of cola. 7 +8 -total or col. 9+10+11+12+15. Signature of the Supervisor...... Date...... Annexure VII-coneld.

ENUMERATOR'S DAILY POSTING STATEMENT (Form F)

Location Code ...... Enumerator', mock No...... Name of Village ...... Name of Enumerator...... FEMALES

S.C. or S. T. Literacy Main Activity Q.ll Q.12 Q.16 (a) (i) ~-~--~ ~---~--~ -~ ~ Final Pad Slip Sex S. C. S. T. Literate Illiterate Culti- Agricul- House- Other Non- 81. No. No. No. vator tural hold worker workers labourer Industry Q.3 L o C AL HHI OW X 2 3 .. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Signature of Enwnerator...... Verified 100% with Schedules and found correct. Date...... Signature of the Supervisor ......

Date...... Note: Make sure that total col. 4-total oC cols. 7+8 -total oCeols. 9+10+11+12+13. Annexure VIII ENUMERATOR'S ABSTRACT (Form 1')

LocatioD Code 10/3/64(10) Enumerator's Block No...... Name ofVi1Iage .•.....•..•...•....••... Name of Enumerator...... No. of occupied residential houses ...... Total No. of Households ...... No. ofInstitutional Households ...... No. of Houseless households.: •...

MAIN ACTIVITY r------'""'------.... Sex Popu- S.C. S.T. Lite- Illi- Culti- Agri- House- Other Non- Houseless Insti- lation rate terate vator cultural hold worker workers popula- tutional labourer Industry tion popula- tion 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 • II 12 13

Sipature of the Enumerator...... Signature of the Supervisor...... Date...... Date ...... Note-The Information on the occupied residential houses, households, institutional households andhouseless households will have to be provided with reference to entries in the Population Record. Make sure that you have counted the houses and households correcdy. See paras 24-29 of the instruction for filling up the Individual Slip. I The number of households can he same as/or more than the census houses, hut normally there will not be more houses than the households. The information for columns 12 & 13 will be obtained by counting the population in houseless households (household number noted '0') and institutional households (ho\lSehold number with 'INST' indicated) respectively in the Population Record. APPENDIX-XXIII (Vide Introduction-Para 33) Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Director of Census Operations Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar. No. Cen. 23-iv/3613-38/70 Dated, the 4-7-1970. To All Charge Superintendents (Snow-bound Areas)

Subject:- 1971 Census-Snow-bound (non-accessible) areas

Sir, I hardly need to remind you that the population enumeration in the snow-bound (non-accessible) areas of your charge will be carried out by you from 12th September to 30th September (both days inclusive) with a revisional round from 1st to 3rd October, 1970, as already specified in the Census Calendar. This will give out the population of these areas as on lst October, 1970. You are, however, aware that the reference date for the Census is 1st March, 1971. You will, therefore, have a special responsibility to update these population figures to lst March, 1971 with due care about the following problems which are likely to arise during this intervening period of five months :- a) Nomadic population such as gujjars, bakarwals, etc. and migratory elements such as forest labour are usually present in snow-bound areas during the period of enumeration i.e. 12th September to 3rd October, 1970. They return to accessible areas in the beginning or middle of October. Because of their nomadic character there is likelihood of some of them not being counted at all or being counted twice. b) It is also likely that after the enumeration work of snow-bound areas is completed as on 1st October, 1970, some of the people already enumerated may go from inaccessible to accessible areas. Simila~ly, some people belonging to accessible areas not enumerated anywhere may enter inaccessible areas after 1st October 1970. In the case of former there is danger of double enumeration while in the case of latter there are chances of their being missed from the count altogether. c) Many births and deaths may take place in the non-accessible areas between 1st October, 1970 to 1st of March, 1971 which naturally need to be accounted for. 184

You should be seized. of these problems from now onwards and initiate all necelsary steps to ensure that:- a) No individual is left out of count b) No individual is enumerated more than once and c) No birth or death occurring between ht October, 1970 to lst March, 1971 is left unaccounted for

II. In this connection, the instructions issued from this office from time to time and reiterated below may be followed strictly:- a) For purposes of Census no forest area within the geographical jurisdiction of your tehsil should remain outside your Census Charge b) For administrative convenience, the existing Forest Blocks should be taken as Census Blocks in your Charge c) Since a Forest Range Officer/Forestor would already be operating in that block in connection with his normal duties, he should preferably be made the Census official of that area d) Check-posts should be set up from 1.10.1970 to 1.3.1971 at appropriate places where people enter from and leave the snow-bound areas for accessible areas. Where Forest check-posts already exist, these should be utilised and wherever they do not exist, additional check-posts manned by revenue/forest officials ~y be set up wherever necessary. In this connection, I am enclosing a list of the check-posts which had been set up in various tehsils by respective Charge Superintendents during 1961 Census for your ready guidance. The officials manning these check-posts should be briefed and entrusted with the following responsibilities:- i) They will fill up an individual slip in respect of every persoll who might enter snow-bound area from accessible are~ after 1.10.1970. The slips so filled by the check-post official should be forwarded by him to you. For this purpose one or two pads of 25 slips may be supplied towards the end of September, 1970 from the stock reserve at your disposal. ii) They will collect 'certificate of enumeration' in respect of all such persons who might move out from the non-accessible to accessible area after 1.10.1970. These certificates will already have been issued by the concerned enumerators in a printed form to all persons enumerated in the non­ accessible area. The certificates so collected by the check-post official should be sent by him to the Charge Superintendent concerned who will in turn inform the concerned enumerators so that the persons already enumerated are not re-enumerated by them.

III. As regards births and deaths occurring between 1.10.1970 and 1.3.1971, the following steps may be taken:- 185

a) Instructions may be issued to the lumberdars and chowkidars of snow-bound areas to report to the patwaris concerned every month about such births and deaths by reference to the location code number of the village and the household concerned. b) All such births and deaths should be consolidated by the patwari in Statement I and II enclosed and these statements sent to you regularly at the end of the month. c) For each birth reported to you in Statement I, a new slip may be filled up by reference to Census Location Code No. of the village and the household. Similarly the relevant slip in respect of each death reported to you in Statement II may be identified from the concerned pad by reference to the Census location of the village and household and other particulars and scored off recording "Died". IV. Training teams are being sent to impart training to the field staff at various centres on dates and venues already fixed in consultation with you. I would like you to personally also attend as many classes as may be possible· for you. You may also take this opportunity to discuss with the Training Officers any problems needing further clarification.

Yours faithfully, sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir

No. Cen. 23(iv)/3639-52/70 dated, the 4th July, 1910 Copy together with enclosures for information and necessary action to:- 1. Chief Conservator of Forests, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. This has reference to this office correspondence resting with this office letter No. Cen.23(iv)/2962110 dated 19.6.1910. 2. District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) 3. Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir/Jammu. 4. Secretary to Government, General Department, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 5. Secretary to Chief Minister, Jammu and Kashmir State, Srinagar. 6. Assistant Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu.

sd/- Deputy Director of Ceo.sus Operations, Jammu and' Kashmir, Srinagar. APPEENDIX-XXIV (Vide Introduction-Para 46) (Front)

CEMSUS IS SACRED

JAMMU & KASHMIR

IDENTITY CARD

(Back side)

Name:

Village:

Tehsil :

Ward/Mohalla :

City/Town:

The bearer has been appointed an honorary Census ojJi&ial. rOUT full eo-operation is requested.

Charge Superintendent APPENDIX-XXIV--concld. (Vide Introduction-Para 46)

(Front) CElSUS IS TRUTH

JAMMU & KASHMIR

IDENTITY _CARD

(Back side)

Name:

Address:

The bearer has been appointed on' honorary Census officer. rour full co-operation is requested.

Director, Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir. 188

APPENDIX-XXV (Vide Introduction-Para 46) ENGAGEMENT CALENDAR"GmNG IMPORTANT CENSUS DATES CENSUS'S SACRED

·-"·~1971 IMPORTANT DATES

1st April, 1971: Reference Date Enumeration starts on 10th March and closes on 31 st March, 1971. The Census Field Agency will ensure that every person in Jammu &. Kashmir. regardless of age and sex, who Is alive on the reference date is counted: further, necessary soclo-economic data about every such person is entered fully and accurately in his Individual Slip. Houseless persons will be counted on the night of 31 st March. 1st to 3rd April, 1971: Revisional Round The period will be utilised to conduct an intensive check of the entries made in the Individual Slip, Population Record and Enumerator's Dally Posting Statement. Any errors discovered during spot-inspection will be corrected carefully. Note will be taken of any fresh births or deaths which have occurred between 10th March to 31st March, 1971. 4th April, 1971: Submission of Provisional Census Totals Every Charge Superintendent will be responsible for sending, in the prescri­ bed telegram, provisional population totals of his charge to the District Census Officer positively on this date. Fuller Abstract, in the prescribed form. will be submitted on 10th April. 1971. 5th April, 1971: Transmission of Provisional Census Totals to Registrar General, India Consolidated provisional census totals of the district should be transmitted direct to the Registrar General of lndia by the District Census Officer in the prescribed telegram and a copy endorsed to Director of Census Ope­ rations, Srinagar/Jammu, not later than this date. Fuller Abstract in the prescribed form will be communicated to Director Census Operations on 15th April, 1971. APPENDIX-XXVI (Vide Introduction-Para 15)

PROGRAMME ITEMS BROADCAST BY RADIO KASHMIR, SRINAGAR/JAMMU IN CONNECTION WITH 1971 CENSUS RADIO KASHMIR, SRINAGAR January, 1971 Tuesday 12th Insert Wednesday 13th Aaj Ki Baat (Urdu) Mardum Shumari Ki Ahmiyat Thursday 14th Urban Rural (K) -do- Friday 15th Insert Saturday 16th Gujri Programme (0) -do- Sunday 17th Zoon Dab (K) . Monday 18th Insert (U) Tuesday 19th Insert (K) Wednesday 20th Aaj Ki Baat (U) Mardum Shumari Ka Tariqa Thursday . 21st Urban Rural (K) -do- Friday 22nd Insert (K) -do- Saturday 23rd OUjri Programme (G). -do- Sunday 24th Insert (U) Monday 25th Insert (U) Tuesday 26th Insert (K) Wednesday 27th Aaj Ki Baat (U) Mardum Shumari Ke Karkunoon Ka Role Thursday 28th Urban Rural (K) -do- Friday 29th Insert (K) Saturday 30th Gujri Programme (0) -do- Sunday 31st Oujri Programme (G) Floating population and their counting Pebruary, 1971 Monday lst Insert (U) Tuesday 2nd Insert (K) Wednesday 3rd Aaj Ki Baat (U) Mardum Shumari Ke Kam Men Galti Kahan Ho Sakti Hai? Thursday 4th Urban Rural (K) -do- Friday 5th Insert (U) Saturday 6th Gujri Programme (G) -do- 190

'Sunday 7th Zoon Dab (K) Feature Monday 8th Insert (U) Tuesday 9th Insert (K) Wednesday 10th Aaj Ki Baat (U) Mardum Shumari Ke Aadad-o­ Shumar Ka !stemal Thursday lIth :Urban Rural (K) -do- Friday 12th Insert (U) Saturday 13th Gujri Programme (G) -do- 'Sunday 14th Documentary feature in Kashmiri (field based) Monday 15th Insert (U) Tuesday 16th Insert (K) Wednesday 17th I~dividual slips: Interview in Kashmir with an officer of the Census Department Every subsequent day inserts both in Kashmiri & Urdu till 1st March, 1971.

RADIO KASHMIR, JAMMU January, 1971 Tuesday 5th In Dogri Dialogue in Rural-Urban programme Wednesday 6th In Punjabi Dialogue in Punjabi programme Friday 8th In Urdu Shaid Aap Jante Hon: Short informative talk Tuesday 12th In Dogri Dialogue in Rural-Urban programme Thursday 14th In Dogri Dialogue in woman programme (Dogri) Sunday 17th Hindustani Dialogue in Children's programme (What Is Census) Tuesday 19th In Dogri Dialogue in Rural-Urban programme Wednesday 20th In English Talk by ShriJ.N. Zutshi, Director Census Friday 22nd In Urdu Shaid Aap Jante Hon: Short informative talk Sunday 24th Hindustani Dialogue in women programme Thursday 28th Bhaderwahi Dialogue in Baderwahi programme Sunday 31st Hindustani Dialogue on 'How Census is conducted ?' February, 1971 Tuesday 2nd Dogri Programme based on Interview in Rural­ Urban programme Wednesday 3rd Punjabi Dialogue/Talk by Shri Kalra, Assistant Director of Census, Jammu, in Punjabi programme Friday 5th Dogri Dialogue in women programme (Dogri) Every subsequent day inserts both in Urdu and Dogri. 191

APPENDIX-XXVII (Vide Chapter IX-Para 6)

Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Director of Census Operations Jammu and Kashmir 19-Karan Nagar, Srinagar. D. O. No. Cen.43/9703-13/70 Dated: 28th November,1970

My dear

As you are aware, the last phase of Census Operations, namely population count, will be completed by March I, 1971. In this connection, we have given thorough instructions to the Census Field Agency and arranged for supply of Census schedules and forms. We expect and hope that the population count in Jammu and Kashmir will be full and thorough.

However, we feel it necessary that the public at large should not only understand the objectives and significance of this important undertaking but also give their full cooperation to the Census officials whose services have been requisitioned, in an honorary capacity, from various Government departments for this purpose.

As a leading organ of public opinion, your paper has to play an important role in educating the people about the forthcoming Census Operations. More so because I am sure that you are yourself keen to see that the entire population of this State is fully enumerated.

You undoubtedly know how best to arouse public interest for the success of the Census programme. However, I am enclosing three draft insertions in the hope that you may publish them in your paper from time to time. This would be a valuable token of your contribution to this great national task for which I would like to thank you 10 advance.

With kind regards, Yours sincerely, sd. (J. N. Zutshi)

Shri...... J Editor of 'Kashmir Times' I'Excelsior'I'Ujala' /'Sandesh' I'Qaumi Awaz'/,Zamindar'I'Mtab'I'Khidmat' I 'Hamdard'/,Naya Sansar'/,Aayeena' of Jammu and Kashmir State. 192

APPENDIX-XXVIII (Vide Chapter X-Para 3)

NAMES OF THE TOWNS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE

Kashmir Provinee Jammu Province

1. PabaJgam 1. Ramban 2. Anantnag 2. Baniha1 3. Mattan 3. Batote 4. Bijbehara 4. Doda 5. Kulgam 5. Kishtwar 6. Shupiyan 6. Bhaderwah 7. Pampore 7. Ramnagar B. Srinagar B. Udhampur 9. Badamibagh Cantonment 9. Chenanj 10. Gulmarg 10. Reasi 11. Baramulla II. Katra 12. Sopore 12. Jammu 13. Handwara 13. Jammu Cantonment 14. Bandipore 14. Samba 15. Uri 15. R. S. Pora 16. Leh 16. Bishna 17. Kargil 17. Arnia 18. Tral lB. Akhncor 19. Kokarnagh 19. Bashohli 20. Kathua 21. Lakhenpur 22. Hiranagar 23. Poonch 24. Rajouri 25. Nowshehra 26. Surankote 193

APPENDIX-XXIX (Vide Inttoduction-Para 48 )

ITINERARY OF THE TOURS UNDERTAKEN BY DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE STATE IN CONNECTION WITH 1971 CENSUS.

Place of Date of Place of Arrival Date of Mode of Departure Departure Arrival Journey Srinagar 20-11-69 Anantnag 20-11-69 By Car Anantnag - -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 23-11-69 New Delhi 23-11·69 By Air New Delhi 29-11-69 Srinagar 29-11-69 -do- Srinagar 1-12-69 Ganderbal and Vail 1-12-69 By Jeep Ganderbal 1-12-69 Srinagiu -do- -do- Srinagar 2-12-69 Bandipore, Baramulla 2-12-69 -do- and Sopore Sopore 2-12-69 Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 3-12-69 Pul wama, Kakapora 3-12-69 -do- and Badgam Badgam 3-12-69 Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 5-12-69 Ganderbal 5-12-69 -do- Ganderbal 5-12-69 Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 6-12-69 Sopore 6-12-69 By Car Sopore -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 8-12-69 Udhampur 8-12-69 -do- Udhampur 9-12-69 Jammu 9-12-69 -do- Jammu 17-12-69 Udhampur 17-12-69 -do- Udhampur 19-12-69 Jammu 19-12-69 -do- Jammu 25-12-69 Hiranagar 25-12-69 -do- Hiranagar 27-12-69 Jammu 27·12·69 -do- Jammu 29-12-69 Katra 29-12-69 ·do- Katra -do- Jammu -do· -do- Jammu 30-12·69 Badi Brahamana 30-12-69 ·do- Badi Brahamana 31·12.69 Samba 31·12-69 -do- Samba 1·1-70 Jammu 1-1-70 -do- Jammu 3-1·70 Kathua 3-1-70 -do- 194-

Place of Date of Place of Arrival Date of Mode of Departure Departure Arrival JourfllY Kathua 4-1-70 Jammu 4-1-70 By Car Jammu 6-1-70 R. S. Pora 6-1-70 -do- R.S. Pora 7-1-70 Jammu 7-1-70 -do- Jammu 9-1-70 Udhampur 9-1-70 By Jeep Udbampur 10-1-70 Jammu 10-1-70 -do- Jammu 15-1-70 Akhnoor 15.1-70 By Car Akhnoor -do· Kathua -do- -do- Kathua 18-1-70 Jammu 18-1-70 By Bus Jammu 22-1-70 Akhnoor 22-1-70 By Jeep Akhnoor 23-1-70 Jammu 23-1-70 By Jeep Jammu 31-1-70 Hiranagar 31-1-70 By Car Hiranagar 2-2-70 Jammu 2-2-70 -do- Jammu 5-2-70 Batote 5-2-70 -do- Batote 6-2-70 Dada 6-2-70 By Jeep Doda -do- Batote -do- -do· Batote "7-2-70 Srinagar 7-2-70 -do- Srinagar 8-2-70 Natipora, Pulwama 8-2-70 -do- and Pampore Pampore ·do· Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 10-2-70 Baramulla 10-2-70 -do- Baramulla -do· Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 11-2-70 Ganderbal 11-2-70 -do· Ganderbal -do- Srinagar ·do- -do- Srinagar 12-2-70 Pulwama, Shupiyan, 12-2-70 ·do· Kulgam and Anantnag, Anantnag -do· Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 13-2-70 Jammu 13-2-70 By Air Jammu 19-2-70 Samba 19-2-70 By Car Samba 20-2-70 R. S. Pora 20-2-70 ·do- R.S. POl'a 21-2-70 Katra 21-2-70 -do- Katra 22-2-70 Jammu 22-2-70 -do- Jammu 3-3-70 Srinagar 3-3-70 By Air 195

Plac, of Dat, of Plac, of Arrival Dati of· Modi of D,parture DljJa,tur, Arrival Jou"":1 Srinagar 6-3-70 Delhi 6-3-70 By Air Delhi 11-3-70 Jammu 11-3-70 -do- Jammu 17-3-70 Srinagar 17-3-70 -do- Srinagar 21-3-70 Jammu 21-3-70 -do- Jammu 31-3-70 Srinagar 31-3-70 -do- Srinagar 3-4-70 Jammu 3-4-70 -do- Jammu 5-4-70 New Delhi 5-4-70 -do- New Delhi 8-4-70 Jammu 8-4-70 -do- Jammu 13-4-70 Srinagar 13-4-70 By Car Srinagar 15-4-70 Ganderbal &: Sumbal 15-4-70 -do- Sumbal . -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 26-4-70 Shupiyan 26-4-70 -do- Shupiyan -do- Srinagar. -do- -do- Srinagar 3-5-70 Jammu 3-5-70 By Air Jammu 4-5-70 Srinagar 4-5-70 By State Car Srinagar 5-5-70 Sonamarg &: Baltal 5-5-70 By Jeep Baltal -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 10-5-70 Pulwama 10-5-70 By Car Pulwama -do- Anantnag -do- -do- Anantnag -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 13-5-70 Rajpora 13-5-70 -do- Rajpora -do- Srinagar -do- . By Car Srinagar 31-5-70 Baramulla 31-5-70 -do-

Baramulla -do- ~ Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 1-6-70 Kulgam 1-6-70 -do- Kulgam -do- Sri nagar -do- -do- Srinagar 6-6-70 Gulmarg 6-6-70 By Jeep Gulmarg -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 15-6-70 New Delhi 15-6-70 By Air New Delhi 16-6-70 Madras 16-6-70 -do- Madras 17-6-70 Madurai 17-6-70 -do- Madras 25-6-70 Bangalore 25-6-70 -do- 196

Plac,qf Date qf Plac, qf ArrivaL Date qf Mode qf Departur, Departur, Arrival Journey

BangaJore 27-6-70 Delhi 27-6-70 Br Ajr Delhi 28-6-70 Srinagar 28-6-70 -do- Srinagar -do- Sumbal -do- By Car Sumbal -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 5-7-70 Sopore 5-7-70 -do- Sopore -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 7-7-70 Kangan 7-7-70 -do- Kangan -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 11-7-70 Shupiyan 1 J.:.7-70 -do- Shupiyan -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 16.7-70 Pahalgam 16-7-70 -do- Pahalgam -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 24-7-70 Kangan 24-7-70 By Jeep Kangan -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 25-7-70 Kupwara 25-7-70 -do- Kupwara --do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 27-7-70 Batote 27-7-70 -do- Batote -do- Bhaderwah -do- -do- Bhaderwah 28-7-70 Upper Doda and 28-7-70 -do- Jammu Jammu 29-7-70 Sunderbani & 29-7-70 -do- Rajouri Rajouri 30-7-70 Mendhar and Kalakot 30-7-70 -do- Kalakot 31-7-70 Sunderbani & 31-7-70 -do- Jammu Jammu 1-8-70 Ramban, Banihal 1-8-70 -do- and Verinag Verinag 2-8-70 Srinagar 2-8-70 -do- Srinagar 7-8-70 Bandipore and Gurez 7-8-70 -do- Gurez 9-8-70 Bandipore 9-8-70 -do- . Bandipore 9-8-70 Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 11-8-70 Pahalgam 11-8-70 -do- 197

Place oj Date Q/ Plate of ArrirKll Date Q[ Mothqf Departu" Departure Arrival Journey Pahalgam 11-8-70 Anantnag 11-8-70 By Jeep Anantnag 12-8-70 Srinagar 12-8-70 -do-. Srinagar 26-8-70 Kulgam 26-8-70 -do- Kulgam ·do- Srinagar ·do- -do- Srinagar 27·8-70 Gulmarg 27-8-70 -do- Gulmarg -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 11-9-70 Kangan 11.9-70 .do- Kangan 12.9-70 Kargil 12-9-70 -do- Kargil 13-9-70 Leh 13-9-70 -do- Leh 15-9-70 Chandigarh 15-9-70 By Air Ghandigarh -do· Delhi ·do- By Oar New Delhi 20-9-70 S~inagar 20-9-70 By ~ir Srinagar 30-9-70 Kulgam 30-9-70 By Car Kulg_am ·do· Sri nagar ·do- ·do- Srinagar 13-10-70 Baramulla 13-10-70 -do- Baramulla -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 14-10-70 Batote 14-10-70 By Jeep Batote 15-10-70 Udhampur & 15-10-70 -do- Jammu Jammu 17-10-70 Kathua 17.10-70 -do- Kathua -do- Jammu ·do. -do- Jammu 18-10-70 Srinagar 18-10-70 By Air Sri nagar 20-10-70 Shadimarg 20·10-70 By Car Shadimarg -do- Srinagar -do,. ·do- Srinagar 22-10-70 Delhi 22-10-70 By Air Delhi 27-10-70 Srinagar 27-10-70 -do- Srinagar .90-10-70 Bijbehara 30-10-70 By Car Bijbehara -do- Kulgam -do- -do- Kulgam -do- Pulwama -do- .do- Pulwama -do- Srinagar -do- ·do- Srinagar 31-10·70 Magam 31-10-70 -do- Magam -do- Srinagar ·do- -do- 198

Place of Date of Place of Arrival Date oj Mode of Departure Departure Arrival Journey

Srinagar 1-11-70 Tangmarg 1-11-70 By ear Tangmarg -do- Srinagar -do- -do-

Srinagar 3-11-70 Sopore 3-11-70 -do- Sopore -do- Sririagar -do- -do- Srinagar 5-11-70 Sumbal & 5-11-70 -do- Baramulla Baramulla -do- Sumbal -do- -do-

Sumbal -do- Srinagar -do- -d~ Srinagar 7-11-70 Ajas & Hajan 7-11-70 -do- Hajan -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 8-11-70 Pulwama & Kulgam B-1l-70 -do.. Kulgam -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 14-11-70 Tangmarg 14-11-70 -do- Tangmarg -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 16-11-70 Jammu 16-11-70 By Air Jammu 21-11-70 Srinagar 21-11-70 -do- Srinagar 4-12-70 Jammu 4-12-70 By Car Jammu 7-12-70 Srimigar 7-12-70 By Air Srinagar 12-12-70 New Delhi 12-12-70 -do- New Delhi 13-12-70 Hyderabad 13-12-70 -do- Hyderabad 16-12-70 Vijaypure 16-12-70 By Car Vijaypure 17-12-70 Hyderabad 17-12-70 -do- Hyderabad -do- Delhi -do- By Air Delhi 22-12-70 Pathankot 23-12-70 By Rail Pathankot 23-12-70 Kathua -do- By Bus Kathua -do- Jammu -do- By Car Jammu 25-12-70 Katra 25-12-70 -do- Katra -do- Jammu -do- -do- Jammu 30-12-70 Kathua 30-12-70 -do- Kathua -do- Jammu -do- -do- Jammu 31-12-70 New Delhi 31-12-70 By Air New Delhi 2-1-71 Srinagar 2-1-71 -do- 199

Plaee of Date of Place of Arrival Date of Mode of DepaTlur, Departure Arrival Journey

Srinagar 2~1-71 Pulwama 2-1-71 By Jeep

Pulwama -do- Srinagar ~do- -do-

Srinagar 4-1~71 Anantnag 4-1-71 -do-

Anantnag -do- Srinagar ~do- -do- Srinagar 5-1-71 BaramuUa 5-1-71 -do- Baramulla -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 7-1-71 Jammu 7-1-71 By Air Jammu 9-1-71 Delhi 9-1-71 -do- Delhi 12-1-71 Pathankot 13-1-71 By Rail Pathankot 13-1-71 Jammu -do- By Car Jammu 21-1-71 Udhampur 21-1-71 By Car Udhampur 24-1-71 Jammu 24-1-71 -do- Jammu 2-2-71 Srinagar 2-2-71 By Air Srinagar 5-2-71 Jammu 5-2-71 -do- Jammu 12-2-71 Rajouri -do- By Jeep Rajouri 13-2-71 Thana Mundi 13-2-71 -do- Thana Mundi -do- Rajouri 13-2-71 -do- Rajouri -do- Poonch -do- -do- Poonch 14-2-71 Sunderbani 14-2-71 -do- Sunderbani 15-2-71 Jammu 15-2-71 -do- Jammu 24-2-71 Kathua 24-2-71 -do- Kathua 27·2-71 Jammu 27-2-71 -do- Jammu 9-3-71 Srinagar 9-3-71 By Air Srinagar 12-3-71 Ganderbal 12-3-71 By Jeep Ganderbal -do- Sumbal -do- -do- Sumbal -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 13-3-71 Shupiyan Via 13-3-71 -do- Natipora Shupiyan 13-3-71 Srinagar Via -do- -do- Pampore 200

Place of Date of Place of Arrival Date of Mode of Departure Departure AmLal Journey

Srinagar 14-3-71 Jammu 14-3-71 By Jeep Jammu 15-3-71 Akhnoor 15-3-71 By Car Akhnoor -do- Jammu -do- -do- Jammu 16-3-71 Hiranagar 16-3-71 -do- Hiranagar -do- Jammu -do- -do- Jammu 18-3-71 R. S. Pora 18-3-71 -do- R. S. Pora -do- Jammu -do- By Car Jammu 22-3-71 Doda 22-3-71 By Govt. Vehicle Doda 23-3-71 Kishtwar 23-3-71 -do- Kishtwar -do- Batote -do- -do- Batote 24-3-71 Udhampur 24-3-71 -do- Udhampur -do- Ramnagar -do- -do- Ramnagar -do- Udhampur -do- -do- Udhampur 25-3-71 Jammu 25-3-71 -do- Jammu 27-3-71 Kathua 27-3-71 -do- Kathua -do- Jammu -do- -do- Jammu 28-3-71 Srinagar 28-3-71 By Car Srinagar. 30-3-71 Baramulla 30-3-71 By Jeep Baramulla -do- Srinagar -do- -do- Srinagar 31-3-71 Anantnag 31-3-71 -do- Anantnag -do- Kulgam -do- -do- Kulgam -do- Sri nagar Via -do- -do- Shupiyan Srinagar 11-4-71 Delhi 11-4-71 By Air Delhi 14-4-71 Srinagar 14-4-71 -do- Srinagar 27-4-71 Jammu 27-4-71 -do- Jammu 30-4-7\ Srinagar 30-4-71 By Govt. Vehicle 201

APPENDIX-XXX (Vide Introduction-Para 50) DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT OF THE CONSOLIDATED PROVISIONAL FIGURES

S. No. Name of District Census Officer District Date Time

l. Shri S. S. Rizvi, I.A.S. Baramulla 4-4-1971 9.10 a.m. 2. Shri Mohammad Akbar Khan, I.A.S. Anantnag 4-4-1971 10.25 a.m. 3. Shri Parma Nand, I.A.S. Doda 4-4-1971 12.00 noon 4. Shri Agha Iftikhar Ahmed, LA.S. Srinagar 4-4-1971 2.15 p.m. 5. Sbri G. M. Khan, I.A.S. Udhampur 4-4-1971 3.35 p.m. 6. Shri Ashok Kumar LA.S. Kathua 4-4-1971 5.15 p.m. 7. Sbri S. M. S. Indrabi, I.A.S. Poonch 4-4-1971 6.30 p.m. 8. Shri Asbok Jaitly. I.A.S. Jammu 4-4-1971 7.20 p.m. 9. Shri Isher Das, I.A.S. Rajouri 4-4-1971 7.40 p.m. 10. Shri R. K. Takkar, I.A.S. Ladakh (Enumeration conducted in September, 1970) ... State totala conveyed to Registrar General of India 4-4-1971 10.10 p.m. ~02 APPENDIX-XXXI (Vide Introduction-Para 49)

Chief Secretary Jammu and Kashmir D.O. No. 8497-CS/71 Jammu, April 26. 1971

My dear Zutshi. ,Please refer to your d. o. letter No. Cen. 78-D/485/71 of 9th April, 1971 regarding my enumeration in the Census. Your officer also showed me the r~levant documents filled in by the Enumerator and made the corrections I indicated to him. I was also given the Graduate Enumeration Form which I filled up and handed over to him ..

Please accept my congratulations for the extremely efficient and smooth manner in which the Census operations were conducted in the State.

With best wishes,

Yours sincerely.

Sd/- (Po K. Dave)

Shri J. N. Zutshi, Director of Census Operations, J & K, 19-Karan Nagar, SRINAGAR. 203

APPENDIX-XXXII (Vide Chapter IX-Para 7) DISTRICT·WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS ENUMERATORS (INCLUDING RESERVE) BY BROAD CATEGORIES

~-Housenumbering______-A and ______Houselisting ~ ~ ______Census Enumeration A ______~ State/Province/ Total/ Total Teachers Village Govt. Others Total Teachers Village Govt. Others District Rural/ No. of Officers Local No. of Officers local Urban Enu- admn. Enu- admn. mera- officials mera- officials ton ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jammu & Kashmir Total 6,408 4,343 1,361 563 141 6,388 4,393 1,415 561 19 State Rural 5,229 3,406 1,343 380 100 5,150 3,459 1;339 350 2 Urban 1,179 937 18 183 41 1,238 93t 76 211 17 Kaslunir Province Total 3,747 2,745 705 280 17 3,769 2,782 657 313 17 Rural 2,941 2,096 693 152 2,888 2,105 643 140 Urban 806 6i9 12 128 17 881 617 14 173 17 Anantnag District Total 1,187 920 211 56 1,233 973 209 51 \ .. Rural 1,084- 848 205 31 1,123 885 202 36 Urban 103 72 6 25 110 88 7 15 Srinagar Total 1,265 889 193 166 17 1,269 906 175 171 17 " Rural- 675 405 193 77 611 407 175 29 Urban 590 484 89 17 658 499 142 17 Baramulla .. Total 1,077 762 271 44 1,049 729 243 77 Rural 972 677 265 30 944 647 236 61 Urban 105 85 6 14 105 82 7 16 Ladakh Total 218 174 30 14 218 174 30 14 " Rural 210 166 30 14 210 166 30 14 Urban 8 8 8 8 JaInInuProvince Total 2,661 1,598 656 283 124 2,619 1,611 758 248 2 Rural 2,288 1,310 650 228 100 2,262 1,354 696 210 2 Urban 373 288 6 55 24 357 257 62 38 Doda District Total 550 347 140 63 554 320 130 lot Rural 521 325 136 60 518 298 127 93 Urban 29 22 4 3 36 22 3 11 Udhampur Total 450 280 103 67 435 278 124 33 " Rural 416 263 103 50 392 253 112 27 Urban 34 17 17 43 25 12 6 Jammu .. Total 841 509 174- 34 124 789 504 241 44- Rural 592 293 174- 25 100 596 348 220 28 Urban 249 216 9 24 193 156 21 16 Kathua .. Total 391 221 113 57 392 230 ]26 34 2 Rural 357 204 III 42 339 201 ]07 29 2 Urban 34 17 2 15 53 29 19 5 Rajouri Total 257 140 77 40 252 148 84 20 " Rural 247 137 77 33 239 141 78 20 Urban 10 3 7 13 7 6 Poonch Total 172 101 49 22 197 131 53 13 " Rural 155 88 49 18 178 113 52 13 Urban 17 13 4 19 18 1 204-

APPENDIX-XXXII-concid. (Vide Chapter IX-Para 7) DISTRICT·WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS SUPERVISORS (INCLUDING RESERVE) BY BROAD CATEGORIES Housenumbering and Houselisting Census Enumeration r------~------~ r------~------~ State/Province/ Total/ Total Teachers Village Govt. Others Total Teachen Village Govt. Othen District Rural/ No. of Officen Local No. of Officen local Urban Super- admn. Super- admn. visan officials visan officials 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jammu & Kashmir Total 1,386 829 246 S08 3 1,326 830 228 266 2 State Rural 1,133 674 243 215 I 1,084 682 221 181 Urban 253 155 3 93 2 242 148 7 85 '2 Kashmir Province Total 769 521 ISO 96 2 746 511 131 102· 2 Rural 604- 421 149 34 585 413 127 45 Urban 165 100 I 62 2 161 98 4 57 2 AnantDag District Total 230 188 39 S 229 187 26 16 Rural 210 171 39 204, 169 24 II Urban 20 17 3 25 18 2 5 Srinagar Total 254 146 33 73 2 246 IS3 31 60 2 " Rural 130 78 33 19 134 90 31 13 Urban 124 68 54 2 112 63 47 2 Baramulla .. Total 236 178 4' 15 222 162 39 21 Rural 217 164 43 10 200 146 38 16 Urban 19 14 5 22 16 I 5 Ladakh .. Total 49 9 35 5 49 9 35 5 Rural 47 8 34 5 47 8 34 5 Urban 2 I 1 2 I I Jammu Province Total 617 308 96 212 580 319 97 164 Rural 529 253 94 181 499 269 94 136 Urban 88 55 2 31 81 SO 3 28 Doda District Total 138 52 21 65 140 62 17 61 Rural 130 48 21 61 129 57 17 55 Urban 8 4- 4 II 5 6 Vdhampur Total 114 57 22 35 108 57 24 27 " Rural 106 55 22 29 98 52 24 22 Urban 8 2 6 10 5 5 Jammu ., Total 182 138 21 22 164- 125 22 17 Rural 123 89 20 13 122 92 20 10 Urban 59 49 1 9 42 33 2 7 Kathua Total 81 29 14- 38 79 36 14 29 Rural 73 29 13 31 69 33 13 23 Urban 8 I 7 10 3 I 6 Rajouri Total 55 13 10 32 50 15 9 26 " Rural 53 13 10 13 47 15 9 23 Urban 2 2 3 3 Poonch Total . 47 19 8 20 39 24 11 4 " Rural 44 19 8 17 34 20 11 3 Urban 3 3 5 .. I 205 APPENDIX-XXXIII (Vide Introduction-Para 54)

GOVERNMENT OF' INDIA I MINISTRY OF' HOME AF'F'AIR5

J. N. ZUTI"I DIRECT"" CENSUS OPE ....TIONS. JAMNU ..NO KUHN' •

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APPENDIX-XXXIV (Vide Introduction-Para 53)

BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 1968.69, 1969.70, 1970.71" 1971·72

Head of Account Description Actuals Budget Estimates ,..--_--A-___~ ,..-__-.A.. ______. 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

A-Superintendence A-I Estt. Charges (Non-Plan) Salary of officers 8,064 17,293 29,400 37,900

Salary of Establishment 27,011 33,677 49,400 -75,300

D.A. 20,627 25,221 43,100 60,300

O.A. 8,001 13,033 16,200 24,900

Interim Relief 4.700 12,000

A-2 T. A. 2,655 12,879 20,600 12,000

A-3 Other charges 30,000 84,588 100,500 56,300

A-4 Grant-in-Aid 150 ------Total 96,358 186,841 263,900 278,700 ------B-Enumeration B-1 Estt. charges Salary of Establishment 4,374 70,800 11,700

D.A. 2,666 41,200 9,500

O.A. 26 7,200 200

Interim Relief

B-2 T.A. 8,000 1,000

B-3 Honoraria to 30,260 84,700 204,700 Enumerators

B-4 Other charges 3,762 4,500 3,000 ------Total 41,088 216,400 230,100 ------207

APPENDIX XXXIV-cDtl&ld. (Vide Introduction-Para 53)

BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 1968-69, 1969-70, 1970-71" 1971-72

Head of Account Description Actuals Budget Estimates ~--~---~~---~---~ 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) C-Abstraction & 0-1 Estt. Charges Compilation Salary of officers 5,280 5,733 6,600 7,400 Salary of Establishment 35,829 39,628 126,0001,251,600 D.A. 26,358 28,451 104,500 158,200 O.A. 12,945 14,268 38,500 57,200 Interim Relief 13,700 31,500 0-2 T. A. 4,755 8,785 22,900 12,000 0-3 Other charges 2,000 10,273 52,300 55,500 ------87,167 107,138 364,5001,573,400 ------D-Stationery & Printing 22,533 80,170 40,700 40,000 ------Total Non-Plan 206,058 415,237 885,5002,122,200 ------L-Registration, L-I Estt. Charges Promotion, Methods, Salary of Officers Research & Population Salary of Establishment 22,534 23,040 26,800 27,600 Studies (Plan) D.A. 12,755 15,243 20,400 19,200 O.A. 36,247 38,874 40,200 44,400 Interim Relief 2,300 3,900 L-2 T. A. 15,747 8,153 11,700 13,500 L-3 Other charges 7,998 609 800 2,500 ------95,281 85,919

Grand Total Non-Plan . & Plan 301,339 501,156 987,7002,233,300 208

APPENDIX-XXXV (Vide Chapter XII- Para I) CENSUS OF 1971 CIRCULAR NO.1 Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srillagar. No. Cen. 23/6203-11/69 Dated: 17.9.69

To All Deputy Commissioners

Subject:- 1971 Census Operations - Outline of preparatory measures

Sir, This is in continuation of the D. O. letter No. 23/5828-37/69 dated 6.9.1969 from Shri J. N. Zutshi, Director, Census Operations, to your address which must be in your hands by now. As you are - already aware, operations for the next Census have been started throughout the country. The work of Census involves lot of planning and labour spread over several months. It has essentially to be a team work requiring utmost dedication, care and skill on the part of those engaged in the task. India has a rich tradition in Census taking every 10 years. I t will probably interest you to know that the next Census synchronises with the centenary of Indian Census. According to the programme of action laid down in the Census Calendar. copy of which has already been made available to you, one of the preliminary tasks which should have since been completed is the finalisation of jurisdictional maps of districts. tehsils and towns showing internal and external boundaries down to the lowest administrative unit like the village or a mohalla and indicating such prominent features as the course of roads, rivers etc. This, as you know. is an essential step for proper planning of Census work, accurate delimitation and identification of Enumerators' Blocks and determination of the number of Enumerators and Supervisors to be employed for the enumeration etc. The matter has been under active follow-up for quite sometime now, but some of these maps are still awaited or under reconciliation with the concerned Tehsildars/ Local Bodies. Some office hands have now been deputed to the defaulting tehsils and town areas to finalise all these outstanding preliminaries. It would indeed help if you 209 kindly issue instructions to all Tehsildars ar:d Chairmen, Local Bodies in your District to finalise this important item of work most expeditiously. The tasks to be performed during the remaining months of the current year are listed as below:- A. Notification of Census Questionnaires and Instructions in the gazette as required by the Census Act. B. Appointment of District Census Officers and Charge Officers. C. Constitution of . Blocks and Supervisors' Circles for the purpose of House­ numbering and Houselisting. D. Issue of instructions explaining Houselisting operations. E. Training classes for District Officers and Charge Officers in Housenumbering; Houselisting and Establishment Schedules. F. Despatch of Houselists Establishment Schedules, Enumerator's Abstracts and 'Instructions' Booklets to District Officers. G. Appointment of Enumerators and Supervisors for Housenumbering and Houselisting operations. H. Drawing up of a training programme for Enumerators and Supervisors for Houselisting. 1. Publicity for Houselisting. J. Training classes for the Euumerators and Supervisors for Housenumb~ring and Houselisting operations including canvassing of Houselists and Establishment Schedules as a practical exercise through Training Schedules. K. Publicity for Houselisting. The up-to-date position with regard to these items of work is as under:- 1tem8 It. " B This is being done:- Specimen copies of the schedules to be canvassed during the Census are enclosed for your information. Copies of the instructions for filling these schedules will be supplied in due course of time. Although notification about the appointment of District Census Officers and Charge Officers is still to issue, we can proceed ahead with the programme given in the Calendar already with you. It may be added here that to facilitate your work, the following staff is being created to be in position by 1.11.1969:- District Census OffiCls No. ofposts Upper Division Clerk = 1 Lower Division Clerk == 1 Peon == 1 210

TeMil Offices: No. oJposts Lower Division Clerk = 1 Municipality oj Srinagar : Upper Division Clerk - Lower Division Clerk = 1 Municipality oj Jammu: Upper Division Clerk - 1 Items C & G Demarcation of Enumerator Blocks and Supervisory Circles for the purpose of Housenumbering and Houselisting is an important task which deserves your immediate attention. You will have to constitute these blocks and circles by 15th of October, 1969, at the latest. The Enumerator Block in a village should generally consist of about 150-200 households or a population of 750-1000 people. Similarly, an Enumerator Block in an urban area should generally consist of about 120-150 households or a population of 600-750. It is thus obvious that while most of the villages will constitute one Enumerator Block each, such villages as are bigger in size may have to be broken into more than one Enumerator Block to make them operationally convenient. Similarly; some of the villages which may be having a small population may have to be grouped together to constitute one Enumerator Block each, provided they are contiguous and the arrangement is operationally feasible. A Supervisory Circle will consist of 4 to 5 contiguous Enumeration Blocks. It is in keeping with this broad frame-work that you will have to constitute the blocks and assess the requirements of Enumerators and Supervisors for your district. You are being authorised by the State Govemment to raise the required strength of Enumerators and Supervisors from any office or organisation, other than police, within the district for the operations. You may kindly intimate action now about the selection of personnel, keeping, of course, in mind that the Enumerator/ Supervisor being the most important link in the enumeration hierarchy, we have to be very choosy in their selection. In respect of Jammu and Kashmir Cantonment areas which will constitute separate charges with the concerned Executive Officer as the Charge Officer, the Enumerators/Supervisors may be drawn from among the Cantonment Staff. The Agency for Enumeration would broadly be the same as at the 1961 Census viz., village patwaris, school teachers, officials of Local Bodies, Panchayats and Municipalities _ etc. The Supervisor who will be senior in rank to Enumerator would also be drafted from the hierarchy of these Bodies and Departments. On the basis of criteria indicated above, it is estimated that you will have to divide your District into------Blocks and------Supervisory Circles. It would indeed be useful 'to raise 10% additional strength of Enumerators and 211

Supervisors over and above the actual requirements so as to be in reserve for any contingencies. It is thus estimated that you may in all require to raise a total strength of------Enumerators and------Supervisors for the whole district.

Items D to F " I to K These are being attended to and separate communications will be sent to you in this behalf as and when necessary.

The tasks outlined above are all meant to accomplish successfully the first phase of the operations, namely Housenumbering and Houselisting scheduled, in the case of accessible areas, to be undertaken and completed between I st to 28th February, 1970. It should be the endeavour of all of us to keep under constant review the progress made in the accomplishment of the targeted items of work well within the time schedule set in the Census Calendar. While we at the headquarters will always be available for immediate assistance to you, if and when you need it, it will indeed be your privilege to enthuse and organise the entire Census machinery in your district to a dedicated action under your own stewardship.

Yours faithfully, Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar.

No. Cen. 23/664-9-58/69 Dated: 23.9.69 Copy of the above forwarded to the: 1. Secretary to Government,------Department,Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 2. Secretary to Chief Minister, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 3. Financial Commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 4. Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu.

Sd/­ Deputy Director Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar. 212

CIRCULAR NO.2 No. Cen. 23/6241-50/69 Dated, the 19.9.1969 To All Deputy Commissioners

Subject:- Conduct of 1971 Census - Selection of Zonal Officers etc.

Sir, This is in continuation of this office letter No. Cen. 23/6203-11/69 dated 17.9.1969 on the above subject. It is hoped that action has already been initiated by you for the selection of Deputy Charge Superintendents (Zonal Officers), as already requested for under General Department's letter No. GD (Adm) 588/69-Cen. III dated 25.8.1969. It has already been indicated to you in that letter that each Town/Notified Area will constitute a Zone with preferably the Chairman of the Town/Notified Area Committee as the Zonal Officer. : Similarly, the rural part of each tehsil will also have to be so divided into Zones that each Zonal Officer to be drawn from among Naib-Tehsildars, Assistant Engineers, Headmasters of High Schools, Forest Range Officers etc., will be in charge of the enumeration of at least 20,000 population. All these Zonal Officers will have to function under their respective Charge Superintendents. They will have to be in position well in time so as to be trained up in October-November, 1969 for the fir:st phase of Census Operations, namely Housenumbering and Houselisting, alongwith the District Census Officer and Charge Superintendent, as per the Census Calendar, copy of which has already been made available to you. It is, therefore, requested that selection of suitable personnel to function as Zonal Officers, in keeping with the criteria indicated above, may kindly be made in right earnest. Yours faithfully,

Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director No. Cen. 23/6906-7000/69 dated 25.9.1969 Copy of the above forwarded to the:- 1) Secretary to Govt.-----Deptt., Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 2) Secretary to Chief Minister, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 3) Financial Commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 4) Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Srinagar. 5) All Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars, Administrator, Srinagar/Jammu Municipality) 6) All Chainnen, Town/Notified Area Committees.

Sd. Deputy Director of Census Operations 213

CIRCULAR NO. :I Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Director and Ex-Officio Superintendent of Census Operations. Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. No. Cen. 23/7078-87/69 Dated, the 27.9.1969 To All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) Sub:- Census Operations, 1971-List of snow-bound areas ofJammu and Kashmir State

Sir, As you know, certain areas of the State become snow-bound during winter and are usually inaccessible from November to March on account of heavy snow-falls etc. As per arrangement made during 1961 Census Operations, the 1971 Census enumeration will also be split up and conducted separately in respect of accessible and inaccessible areas in accordance with the Census Calendar, already laid down and communicated to you under my D_ O. Letter No. Cen. 23/5838-41/69 dated 6.9.1969. While the Census of accessible areas will be carried out in February-March, 1971, preceded by Housenumbering and Houselisting in February, 1970, the inacessible areas will be enumerated six months in advance i.e., September 1970 preceded by Housenumbering and Houselisting operations in May-June, 1970. The tehsilwise list of inaccessible and snow-bound areas has already been drawn out in consultation with the concerned Tehsildars. A copy of the list is enclosed for standing reference. Should you have any comments or observations about the list in so far as it pertains to your jurisdiction you may kindly communicate the same to this office at an early date. Meanwhile, you may kindly proceed ahead with the programme of action laid down in the Census Calendar after taking into account inaccessible and snow-bound areas indicated in the enclosed list. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations No. Cen. 23/7088-7180/69 dated, the 27th of September, 1969 Copy along with a copy of the list of inaccessible areas forwarded for information to the:- I) Secretary to Govt., General Department, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 2) Secretary to Govt., Revenue Department, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 3) Secretary to Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir State, Srinagar. 4) Financial CommissionE'r, Jammu and Kashmir Government, Srinagar. 5) Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu. 6) All Tehsildars (Charge Superintendents) w.1. s. c. for necessary action. 7) Chairmen, Town/Notified Area Committees. 8) Manager Govt., Press, Srinagar for favour of publication in the next issue of Govt., Gazettee. Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations ~14

CIRCULAR NO. 4 Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Director and Ex-Officio Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. No. Cen. 23/7483-7529/69 Dated 4.10.1969 To All Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars, Administrators of Municipalities, Executive Officer, Jammu/Badamibagh Cantonment) Sub:- Census of 1971 - Constitution of Enumerator Blocks and Supervisory Circles and Selection of Enumerators and Supervisors

I am writing to you in continuation of correspondence resting with this office No. Cen. 23/7078-87/69 dated 27.9.1969.

As you must have seen, what is required to b~ done by you IMMEDIATELY is to (1) make out enumeration blocks of !he area under your jurisdiction (2) draw out a list of Supervisors and Enumerators as per details indicated below:- TEHSIL: All Tehsildats of Jammu and Kashmir Supervisors (including reserve) = Enumerators( -do- ) = These lists should reach us by November 15, 1969 so that arrangements are made for their training in Census work. I wish to inform you that you have been already notified as Charge Superintendents vide Government Notification No. SRO-519 dated 17.9.1969 which empowers you to draw upon the services of all Government personnel working in your tehsil with the exception of Police, for doing Census work. The letters of appointment of Supervisors as well as Enumerators will be supplied to you in printed form as soon as the required lists are received in this office. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (1. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/7530-45/69 dated, the 4th October, 1969 Copy to:- I) All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners). 2) Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Srinagar. 3) Financial Commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 4) Secretary to Chief Minister, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 5) Secretary .to Government, General Department, Srinagar. 6) Secretary to Government, Revenue Department, Srinagar. Sd/- Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. 215

CIRCULAR NO.5

No. Cen. 23/7977-8022/69 Dated, the 16th, Oct., 1969

To All Tehsildars (Charge Superintendents)

Subject:- Census 1971 - Constitution of Enumerator Blocks and Supervisory Circles and Selection of Enumerators and Supervisors Sir, In continuation of this office No. Cen. 23/7483-7529/69 dated 4.10.1969 on the above subject, I am to request you that while constituting Enumerato~ Blocks and Supervisory Circles, as per detailed instructions already issued to you, all care may please be taken to cover such population also as may be inhabiting in the forest areas within your jurisdiction. Such areas may please be properly identified in consultation with the concerned forest officers.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/8023-8038/69 dated, the 16th Oct., 1969

Copy to:- 1) All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) 2) Divisional Commissioner. Jammu/Srinagar. 3) Financial Commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 4) Secretary to Chief Minister, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 5) Secretary to Government, General Department, Srinagar. 6) Secretary to Government, Revenue Department, Srinagar.

Sd/- Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. 216

CENSUS NOTE No. 1

Subject:- Ceaa.. or 1971: T. A. uul D. A. Claim.· who will pay '1

"Officials put on duty for Census work may have to undertake tours. Who would meet their T. A. and D. A. claims"?

This question was raised in an officers' meeting held in Baramulla recently.

We explained the position as follows: "This matter was placed by us before the State Government sometime ago. They have ordered that these claims will be met by the respective pal'ent departments from which these officials have been drawn for Census work".

In this connection your attention is drawn to Government circular No. GD(Adm)588/69(iii)CEN dated 20.9.1969 of which a copy is enclosed.

Sd/. Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/8039-8096/69 dated, the 16th, Oct., 1969

Copy to:- 1) All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) 2) All Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars, Executive Officers of Cantonment., Administrators of Municipalities). 217

. CENSUS NOTE NO. 2

Subject:- 1971 Census - Demarcation of Enumerator Blocks, Supervisory Circles etc.

. Thanks to the kind cooperation of District Census Officers of the three districts of the Kashmir valley, we have had an opportunity of explaining our immediate tasks to Charge Superintendents and other officials in meetings which were held for this purpose in Anantnag. BaralIluUa and Srinagar and getting an assurance of their full cooperation ill return.

What is to be done NOW is as follows:-- a) Demarcation of Enumerator Blocks, Supervisory Circles and Zones. Each Charge Superintendent (Tehsildar in the case of Tehsils, Administrator in the case of Srinagar /Jammu Municipality and Executive Officer in the case of Badamibagh/Jammu Cantonment) should divide the area under his jurisdiction into Enumerator Blocks which. will constitute the basic Census unit. An Enumerator Block would mean roughly 150-200 households or a population of 750-1000 in rural areas and ] 20-]50 households or a population of 600-750 in urban areas. Under this arrangement mosl of the villages will constitute one Enumerator Block each. However, villages which are bigger in size will be divided into operationally convenient blocks with well defined boundaries in keeping with the criteria indicated above. Similarly, some of the villages, much smaller in size but contiguous to each other, will be grouped together to form an Enumerator Block each of the size indicated above, if operationally convenient.

A Supervisory CirclE- will constitute of about 5 contiguous Enumerator Blocks.

The whole charge will he divided into various Zones one each under a Zonal Officer (neputy Charge Superintendent) for effective supervision of the Census work. Each Zonal Officer will be responsible for the supervision of the work of 20-25 Enumerator Blocks or about 5 Supervisory Circles. The Town/Notified Areas wilJ~ however, constitute one Zone each. This work should be completed quickly under intimation to us. b) Selection of Deputy Charge Superintendents (Zonoll Officers). SupervisolS and Enumerators.

In the case of rural areas, Naib Tehsildars may normally be selected as Deputy Charge Superintendents. If, however, the number of Zones is more than the number of Naib Tehsildars available, Block Development Officers, Assistant Engineers, Headmasters of High Schools, Forest Range Officers or any other relatively senior officer of the area may be selected for the job. 218

Girdawars, Sanitary Inspectors, Headmasters of Middle/Primary Schools, Forest Range Officers, Panchayat Inspectors, Veterinary Inspectors etc., may be taken· as Supervisors,. Patwaris, teachers, village level workers, forest officials, office assistants and pa..id secretaries of the Cooperative Departments etc., would seem suitable to work as Enumerators.

However, the matter of selection of Census personnel is left entirely in the hands of Charge Superintendents (Tebsildars, Administrators etc., as the case may be). It has been stressed that those having experience of previous Census may be preferred.

These lists with complete details, designation, address. area to which allotted­ Zone, Circle and Block of the charge of your jurisdiction should reach us, as already agreed, by 15.11.1969.

Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/8127-8182/69 dated, the 17th OctobeI:, 1969

Copy to:- 1) All District Census Officers 2) All Charge Superintendents . 219

. CIRCULAR. NO 6

D. O. No. Cen. 23/8032-8081/69 Dated, the 18.10.1969 My dear I am sure, by now, you must be about to finalise demarcation of Blocks, Zones, Supervisors' Circles etc., in the area under your charge. You must have also drawn up a list of personnel needed for Census work, namely Zonal Officers, Supervisors and Enumerators. For your cOllvenience and for the purpose of maintaining an up-to-date recor:d, I am enclosing a register known as 'The General Village and Town Register' for your use. The register may be got filled up under your personal supervision so that no errors creep in. As you will see, there is a column for every item of information pertaining to the first phase of Census Operations in your charge. I shall feel grateful if, after the register has been completed, the following information in an abstract form, is sent to the concerned District Census Officers who would prepare a similar abstract for the whole District and send the same ·to this office by 15th of December, 1969:-

District Name of No. of No. of No. of No. of villages No. of Tehsil Zones Circles Blocks Inhabi- Uninha- houses ted bited (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

The matter may be treated as urgent. Yours sincerely Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Shri------, Charge Superintendent, (Tehsildar/ Administra tor M unicipali tyI Executive Officer, Cantonment)------. No. Cen. 23/8081-8.094/69 Dated: 18.10.1969

Copy to:- 1) All District Census Officers, (Deputy Commissioners) 2) Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Srinagar. 3) Secretary to Govt., General Deptt., Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 4) Secretary to Govt., Revenue Deptt., Jammu and Kashn;tir, Srinagar.

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar. 22Q

ClRCt11AR NO.1

No. Cen. 23/9159/69 Dated, the 19-11-69 To All Secretariel to Governmentl All Heads of Departments Subject:- Censu$ 1971 - Appointment of personnel for Census duty Sir, May I refer you to circular instructions issued from General Department under their No. GD (Adm)588/69 - Cen (iii) dated 25.8.1969 under which all Deputy Commissioners in their capacity as District Census Officers have been authorised to draft officers and officials from any office or Department within the District (except Police personnel) to function as Deputy Charge Superintendents, Supervisors and Enumerators in connection with the ensuing Census Operations? On my recent tour of District headquarters, I was given to understand that the various District and Tehsil officers have so far received no instructions from their respective Heads of Departments or Secretaries to take up the assignments as may be entrusted to them in connection with Census.

As you know, Census -is an ope~tion of far-reaching importance embracing the whole country. It has to be performed strictly within the time schedule as prescribed in the Census Calendar. It is a statutory responsibility and no one called upon for Census duty can refuse to accept it. I should be grateful if you kindly issue necessary instructions to your District and Tehsil Officers to extend their fullest cooperation to the District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) and Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars) for whatever assistance they may 'be called upon to give for the success of the Census.

Yours faithfully. Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/9160-9230/69 dated, the 19.11.69

Copy forwarded for information to:- 1. Secretary to Government, General Department, Jammu and Kashmir State. 2. All District Census Officers. 3. All Charge Superintendents. Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar. .221

CIRCULAR NO. 8 No. Cen. 23/9239-9308/69 Dated, the 24th Nov., 69 To All District Census Officers! All Charge Superintendents Subject:- Census of 1971 - Training for the first phase viz; House-.numbering and House-.listing Sir, I hope you might already have finalised the demarcation of Zonal Charges, Superviwrs' Circles and Enumerator Blocks and selected suitable personnel for the same in keeping with the instructions issued from this office. Those of you who have yet to send this information to this office will please make sure to send it immediately. Meanwhile, as you are no doubt aware, the first phase of Census Operations, namely House-.numbering and House-.listing is to be undertaken and accomplished between 1st to 28th of February, 1970 in all accessible areas of the State. The phase will consist of the following operations:- i) Preparation of a notional map and layout sketch of each Enumerator Block. ii) Painting of Building and Census House Numbers on every structure within the Enumerator Block. iii) Filling up of relevant particulars in respect of each structure within the Enumerator Block in the prescribed Houselisting and Establishment Schedules. These important tasks have to be accomplished systematically, accurately and within the prescribed time schedule. Detailed 'Instruction Books' explaining each item of work and all concepts and definitions involved, will be placed at the disposal of the District Census Officers and Charge Superintendents for distribution amongst the field staff for all time refert'nce. This alone may not, however, suffice for achieving satisfactory rpsults. I feel that everyone associated with Census must be thoroughly instructed not only about what is to be done at a particular stage but also the method to be adopted for doing a particular task well and in time. With this end in view, we are launching a training programme for all concerned so that no room is left for any doubt or ambiguity. This. is proposed to be done in two stages. . A. In the first instance a discussion course will be held with the District Census Officers, Charge Superintendents and Zonal Officers at their respective headquarters for explaining the order in which the operations are to be executed and the various concepts and definitions that are to be kept in mind while executing these operations. The discussions are proposed to be held in various districts of the State on the following dates:- Distri" Date of discussion Venue Baramulla 18-11-1969 Baramulla Town Anantnag 20-11-1969 Anantnag Town Srinagar 22-11-1969 Srinagar City Jammu 15-12-1969 Jammu City Udhampur 17-12-1969 Udhampur Town Doda 18-12-1969 Batote Town Kathua 20-12~1969 Kathua Town Rajouri 22-12~1969 Rajouri Town Poanch 24-12~1969 Poonch Town 222

B. Thereafter, training classes are proposed to be organised for Enumerators and Supervisors (including reserve) at convenient centres within each charge. The'training is proposed to be imparted by the staff of the Census Organisation to be also attended by the respective Charge Superintendents and Zonal Officers. This is proposed to be done as per the enclosed calendar. It would be the responsibility of the respective Charge Superintendents to fix up the venues of training, as per the number and dates indicated in ~he enclosed calendar witbin their respective charges and en~ure participation of all the Enumerators and Supervisors at these training camps. In fact, I would like each Charge Superintendent to let me know in advance where these meetings are going to be held when I meet them for discussions at their respective District Headquarters as per dates shown -at A above. At each course, whether held for discussions with the District Census Officers, Charge Superintendents and Zonal Officers at the District Headquarters or for imparting training to the Enumerators and Supervisors at any centre within a charge, it would be essential to have a blackboard, some pieces of chalks and a duster to facilitate drawing of relevant illustrations. Meanwhile, I am enclosing a set of the following material for your study which I am sure will facilitate your understanding of the tasks involved and the maDDer in which these are expected to be accomplished:- i) Sample Notional Map ii) Guide Booklet in terms of Ques tions & Answers iii) Note indicating points for discussion

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 23/9309-9405/69 dated, the 24th November, 1969 Copy forwarded for information and favour of necessary action to:- 1. Secretary to Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir State. 2. Secretary to Government, General Deptt., Jammu and Kashmir State. S. Secretary to Government, Revenue Deptt., Jammu and Kashmir State. 4. Secretary to Government, Education Deptt., Jammu and Kashmir State. 5. All Heads of Departments 6. Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu. 7. All District/Tehsil Education Officers of the State.

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 223 CIRCULAR NO. 9 No. Cen. 23/11374-122/69 Dated. the 8th Dec .• 1969 To All TehsHdars, (Charge Superintendents)

Subject:- Census 1971 - Coverage of houses and population falling in forest areas

Sir.

It has come to notice that in certain tehsils there are houses or habitations in forest areas which, though within the geographical jurisdiction of the tehsil. do not fall within the revenue jurisdiction of the concerned Tehsildars. Notwithstanding this position it will, in such cases, be the responsibility of the Tehsildar (Charge Superintendent) to cover such houses/habitations also for -purposes of the ensuing Census Operations. Such houses/habitations will be ascertained and identified in consultation with the concerned Forest Officers and then allotted as additional blocks to the Enumerator appointed for a nearby block or constituted into a separate Enumerator Block, as the particular situation may demand. In no case should any structure or habitation falling within the entire geographical area of the tehsil be left out of count. This is in amplification of the instructions already issued under this office letter No. Cen. 23/7977-8022/69 dated 16.10.1969.

Yours faithfully, Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. No. Cen. 23/11496-105/69 dated, the 8th Dec., 1969 Copy to:- All Deputy Commissioners (District Census Officers) for information and favour of necessary action.

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations. 224

CIRCULAR NO. 10 Subject:- Census of 1971 - Training for the first phase viz; House-numbering and House-listing Thanks to the interest shown by the Tehsildars/Charge Superintendents, the training programme carried out between 28th of November to 19th of December, 1969 for all the 'Enumerators, Supervisors and Zonal Officers appointed for the conduct of the Census Operations in all accessible areas of the Kashmir valley has come to a successful conclusion. What is required to be done NOW is as follows:- I. The momentum already gained and the enthusiasm already generated must be maintained and kept alive. This would require further camps to be organised in smaller zones by each Zonal Officer, reviewing points of difficulty or doubt, if any, and ensuring a common approach and understanding of the duties of each Enumerator/Supervisor in keeping with the prescribed instructions and schedule of operations. 2. Those of the Enumerators, Supervisors and Zonal Officers, who for some reason were not able to avail of the training already conducted, should be immediately called to a convenient centre and intensively trained up and briefed about their duties by the Charge Superintendent himself. 3. The Charge Supe_rintendent must ensure that every Enumerator knows the boundaries of his jurisdiction absolutely unambiguously. If a particular Enumerator Block consists of more than one revenue village, the Enumerator must prepare the notional map and the list of houses and establishments for each village separately. No Enumerator must get one village and a part of another village or parts of two villages as his block. If by any chance any Enumerator Block has been so constituted, it should be immediately rectified; otherwise this will introduce error and confusion. 4. Each Supervisor must know his Supervisory Circle and the Enumerator Blocks he has to supervise. Likewise, every Zonal Officer must know the circles and blocks which constitute his Zone. The Enumerators, Supervisors and the Zonal Officer must constitute an integrated team bound by their respective jurisdiction and responsibility, accessible to each other freely and wedded to each for a common cause, Alamely to make the Census a complete success. 5. No area or habitation, including habitations in forest areas, within the geographical jurisdiction of the charge should go uncovered and un-provided for. 6. Every EnumE'rator, Supervisor and Zonal Officer must know and remember the code number of the District, Tehsil/Town, Village/Mohalla within which each one of them is operating or which forms his jurisdiction. Each Enumerator must care to record without fail the relevant code numbers in the Houselist and Establishment Schedules filled up by him in respect of his village. 225

7. Each Enumerator must be instructed to page mark in continuous serial order, each Houselist form filled by him in respect of his block (needless to mention that each HouseUst form has two pages, obverse and reverse).

8. The preparation of the notional map, in three copies, in keeping with the instructions already imparted and in accordance with the size and specifications of the sample map already distributed, may be got undertaken right from now. This operation must be properly scrutinised and supervised by the Supervising Officers who in token of their having satisfied themselves about the accuracy of the map must append their signatures on the copies of the map.

9. The housenumbering and houseUsting operations must be got undertaken from lst February, 1970 and completed by 28th February, 1970, strictly in keeping with the instructions already imparted during the course of the training. Since the numbers put on houses will be required after a period of one year for actual count of the population as on 1st of March, 1971, these numbers should be painted with durable material at appropriate places so that they are not washed off or erased during the course of the year. The Enumerator must explain the importance of these numbers to the heads of households and request them to take every care to maintain and preserve these numbers until March, 1971.

Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir.

No. Camp/19-46/69 dated 26-12-1969 Copy to:- l. All Charge Superintendents for immediate necessary action. 2. All District Census Officers for immediate necessary action. S. Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Srinagar for information. 4. Secretary to Government, General Department, J&K State, Jammu. 5. Secretary to Chief Minister of J&K State for information. 226 CIRCULAR NO. 11

D. o. NO. CEN.j-l/98-12/69 Dated: 3rd january, 1970

My dear As you may be aware, the first phase of Census Operations throughout jammu and Kashmir is in full swing. At our request, - the Government has ordered that all personnel engaged in Census work and drawn from various departments should not be transferred from the existing place of their work except on unavoidable grounds. This has been done so that there is continuity and consistency in the conduct of Census Operations. We have, in the meanwhile, exerted to our best ability to train up the concerned officials.

I have to request you to instruct all your sub-ord.inate departments to be mindfu~ of the instructions issued under General Department's No. GD (Adm)588/69-Census dated 15.11·1969 which lays down a clear policy on the subject of transfers vi7; '; except in case of a pressing administrative exigency, Census personnel should not be disturbed uptil March, 1971.

Yours sincerely, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi)

To AJl Secretaries/Heads of Departments. 227 CIRCULAR No. 12 No. Cen. 23/13225}69 Dated: 12~1·1970 To (i) All District Census Officers of Kashmir Province (ii) All Charge Superintendents of Kashmir Province

Subject: 1st phase of 1971 Census Operations viz., Housenumbering and Houselisting. Sir, In a meeting of the Provincial Officers held under the chairmanship of Divisional Commissioner on 12-1-1970 the attention of the officers was drawn to General Depart­ ment's circular No. GD(Adm) 588/69-Census dated 15-11-1969 under which all Departments IULve been advised to avoid the transfers of such of their personnel as have been drawn for Census duty till the end of March 1971 except where it is exceptionally indicated under any administrative _exigency. The Provincial Officers were requested that even where such transfers were indicated under administrative exigencies, these may also as far as possible be deferred at least till 15th of March, 1970. so that the lst phase of Census Operations namely house-numbering and house­ listing which is scheduled to be accomplished by the 1st of March, 1970 does not get upset. They have agreed to do so provided the list of personnel that have been put on Census duty is immediately made available to the concerned transferring authority. 1 am accordingly to request you kindly to intimate to the concemed authorities, names of all the personnel appointed by you as Enumerators, Supervisors, Zonal Officers etc., for the current Census Operations. This may please be done immediately.

Yours faithfully, Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director of Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. No. Cen. 23/13226/69 dated, the 12·1·1970. Copy to:- i) All Provincial Officers. ii) Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir. iii) Director, Census Operations, Camp Jammu.

Sd/· Deputy Director 2"28 CIRCULAR No. 13 No. Cen.J-I/244-47/69 Dated; 14-1-1970 To All Charge Superintendents Subject :-Census of 1971-First phase viz; Housenumbering and Houselisting Sir, I am wrItmg this to remind you that the first phase of Cellsus viz; House­ numbering and Houselisting has to be completed by the end of February, 1970. De­ tailed instructions about it through circulars and also in the training classes which were held in your charge, have already been given to the concerned officials appointed as Enumerators, Supervisors and Zonal Officers. 2. I need hardly stress the fact that in notifying you as a Charge Superinten­ dent, the Government has placed the overall responsibility for the smooth conduct of various phases of Census on your shoulders. I trust you will spare no effort to see that the work relating to the first phase (preparation of notional maps, housenumbering and houselisting) is brought to a successful conclusion and within the prescribed time-limit. S. I may suggest that for this period, you should exercise effective control, direction and supervision of the whole field machinery employed on Census duty and evince personal interest in their work. It is essential likewise to make the supervisory staff keep constant touch with the Enumerators so that they discharge their functions efficiently and without errors and omissions of any kind. The steps to be taken by the supervisory staff should be as follows : (i) Each Circle Supervisor must check up the field work of each of the Enume­ rators within his circle and must record a certificate of verification both on the notional map and HouseHst and Establishment Schedules prepared by the Enumerators in respect of each . block allotted to them. (ii) Each Zonal Officer should likewise conduct a field check to the extent of 50% within his zone in such a way that a portion at least of the work of each Enumerator is checked. And in token of his having done so he must also record a certificate of verification. (iii) The Supervisory Officers must take particular care to see that the Enumerator records all the location Code Numbers on every page of the Houselist and Establishment Schedule filled up by him. They must also ensure that all the entries made in the schedules are internally consistent and based on factual enquiries. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi ) Director of Census Operations, . Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. J-l/292-12/69 dated 14-1-1970 Copy forwarded for information to:- 1. District Census Officer, -----. 2. Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu. 3. Secretary to Government, General Department, Jammu. Sd/- Director of Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir. 229

cm.CULAR No. 14:

D. O. No. Cen.J-l/421-8/69 Dated: 21-1-1970

My dear May I again remind you that the first phase of Census begins on February 1 and ends on March I, 1970? It is already known to you that we, on our part, have left no stone unturned to train up and equip both the supervisory staff and enume­ rators working in your District. We have tried our best to make the Charge Super.. intendents conscious of the important role they have to play for the smooth conduct of Census Operations. I have also had the pleasure of personal discussions with you.

I should like to say that now the time for ACTION has com~. A stage has been reached when your initiative and organising capabilities must be put to full use and display. Not only must targets be achieved in the prescribed manner but also by the prescribed dates. I have no doubt that the performance of your District will more than meet our' expectations.

I would not venture to suggest what steps you may take to ensure that the work in hand at present-housenumbering and houselisting-may be executed promptly as well as efficiently in your District. It is entirely for you to devise such steps. However, it would not be a bad idea at all, if, till the present operation lasts, you call for weekly performance reports from your Charge Superintendents and instruct them to keep in close touch with Zonal Officers and Supervisors. Visits by you to Tehsil Headquarters at this stage would also prove quite helpful.

The letter may kindly be acknowledged.

Yours sincerely, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi)

To All Deputy Commissioners of J & K State 230 CIRCULAR No. 15 No. Cen. J-l/467-28/69 Dated, the 29-1-1970 To All Cbarge Superintendents 1 All District Census Officers of Jammu Province Subject :-Census of 1971-Training for the first phase viz; Housenumbering and Houselisting Sir, This is to remind you that the first phase of Census Operations, namely Housenumbering and Houselisting including the preparation of notional maps in respect of each block in keeping with the instructions imparted at various training camps recently concluded all over the Jammu Province is to be undertaken and accomplished betwee~ lst to 28th of February, 1970 in all accessible areas of the State. The success of th~ programme will mainly depend upon your own initiative and drive and effective supervision of the work of the enumeration machinery. I am sure, you will play this role most satisfactorily.

The Chief Minister is very keen to know that this work is successfully concluded all-over the State. I am, therefore, deputing one-man teams to various tehsils to review the progress and performance of the Census machinery and conduct spot-checks at 3 to 4 centres within each Tehsil in consultation with the respective Charge Superinten­ dents. The calendar of the programme drawn out in this behalf is enclosed. You will please make it possible to have the work of maximum number of field personnel checked up by your team on the specified dates. Meanwhile, you may please make lure that every Enumerator, Supervisor and Zonal Officer is fully equipped with necessary training and literature. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutslii) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. J-I/496-97/69 dated, the 29-1-1970 Copy forwarded for information to:- 1. Divisional Commissioner, Jammu Province, Jammu. 2. Secretary to Government of Jammu and Kashmir, General Department, Jammu. Sd/- Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. 231

CIRCULAR No. 16 No. Cen. J-I (i)/1013-65/69 Dated, the 30-3-1970

To All District Census Officers I All Charge Superintendents

Subject-Preparations for the second phase-Census Enumeration

Sir, I am glad that despite certain initial difficulties, the work of housenumbering and houselisting has generally progressed well in all the accessible areas of the State. If in certain cases, the performance was slow or faulty, it was due to the following reasons :-

1. (a) The selection of officials drawn from various Government Departments, as Enumerators or Supervisors was not made in consultation with the concerned local authorities. (b) Almost the entire staff of a school had been drafted, while the choice was available to the Charge Superintendent to make the selection more balanced by drafting only a part of the staff from more than one school. (c) The allotment of Census jurisdictions had been made in complete disregard of the place of residence or even place of posting of the official. Some enumerators had to travel a distance of 15 miles or more which obviously was not a happy arrangement. (d) Some Enumerators/Supervisors were found to be physically incapable of undertaking the neld work and some were only Hindi knowing with the result that they had to be replaced at the nick of time causing consi­ derable disturbance and dislocation in field work. (e) The Enumerator Blocks had not in many cases been constituted in con­ formity with the norms prescribed by this office. Some blocks were too unwieldy and some too small. 2. The supervision effected by the Zonal Officers and some of the Charge Superintendents was only notional. This naturally had an adverse effect on the quality, efficiency and punctuality of the field work. All these short-falls' have to be avoided to ensure that the next phase of the operations namely Population Enumeration is a complete success and is concluded strictly in keeping with the prescribed time schedule. 3. As you all known, according to the Census calendar already drawn and furnished to you, the Census Enumeration in all accessible areas of the State has got to be completed under and circumstances likewise during tne period 10th February to 28th February, 1971. Provisional population figures for each district are to be reported directly by the District Census Officer to the Registrar General, India, by 5th March, 1971 so that All India 1971 provisional popUlation figures are positively announced by the Registrar General by the specified date. 232

It would be possible to keep to the dates of Census Enumeration specified above if preparatory work is taken up in hand in right earnest. The following action is indicated at your end:- 1. In the light of the experience gained during the first phase, the Enumeration Blocks and Supervisory Circles . may be reverified and wherever necessary, redrawn in keeping with the operations feasibly consistent with the norms already indicated. 2. The list of Enumerators and Supervisors, already appointed may be reviewed in the light of the observations made at para I above. Those of the officials who are no longer available or whose performance has not been found satis­ factory may be replaced by suitable substitutes in consultation with the concerned local authorities. 3. The final list of Enumerators and Supervisors, so drawn out, may be furnished to this office before 1-5-1970. The list should indicate full official as well as private address of each Enumerator and Supervisor and the jurisdiction allotted to him. The jurisdiction should be defined unambiguously in each case. 4. We propose to start training of the Enumerators, Supervisors, Zonal Officers and Charge Superintendents from 1.6.1970. All preparatory preparations must be completed by then. This letter may please be acknowledged.

Yours faithfully, Sd/· (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir.

No. Cen. J-l (i)/1066-68/69 dated, the 30.3.1970 Copy for information to :- I. Divisional Commissioner, Srinagar/Jammu. 2. Secretary to Government, General Department, Jammu.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations, J & K, Jammu. 233

CIRCULAR NO. 17 No. Cen. 78/759-812/70 Dated, the 21st April, 70 To All District Census Officers! All Charge Superintendents Subject:- Preparations for the second phase-population enumeration

Sir,

Kindly note that one copy of the Houselist (in respect of each block and village in your charge) which has been retained by you is a document of vital importance on the basis of which the Enumerator has to conduct individual count of the population entrusted to him. As a matter of fact, he will be requir~d to fill up the Individual Slip in respect of every person and on each slip he will have to record the following information by reference to the Houselist:-

a) Location b) Household No.

It is, therefore, your foremost responsibility to ensure that Houselists retained by you are maintained properly in your office. I hope you have already taken suitable measures to preserve these valuable records in good condition.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (j. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. 234

CIRCULAR NO. 18 As you are aware, a meeting of Census Clerks was held in.Jammu and Srinagar on 4.5.1970 and 16.5.1970 respectively. It was impressed upon them to put in hard work so that the final phase of Census programme is achieved without any omission and successfully. They were told specially to ensure:- a) early submission of data pertaining to Village & Town Directories and setting right errors in the prescribed preformae wherever noticed. b) timely submisl!ion of expenditure statements from District Census Officers according to instructions already issued vide this office letter No. Cen. 62/990-1000/70 dated 27.4.1970. c) safe upkeep and preservation of houselist schedules in the District/Tehsil Offices. These have to be returned to the Enumerators for guidance during general enume­ ration phase. Arrangements are being made to supply one steel trunk' to each Tehsil/Municipality Office for this purpose. d) early submission of revised list of Enumerators, Supervisors ~nd Zonal Officers in accordance with the instructions conveyed vide this office letter No. J-I (i)/ 1013-65/69 dated 30.3.1970. e) early submission of list of proposed training centres according to the dates speci­ fied under this office letter No. Cen. 23/827-45/70 dated 21.4.70. The Director of Census Operations informed the staff that in order to ensure timely disbursement of their salaries in future, the District Census Officers have been requested to prepare their salary bills well in advance and endorse them to the cc;m­ cerned Charge Superintendents at the Tehsil Headquarters. The District Census Officers were being addressed separately regarding settlement of their T .A. claims. All those present assured the Director that they would work with single-minded devotion in the discharge of their responsibilities and orders conveyed to them by the District Census Officers/Charge Superintendents from time to time. As regards the need for providing them with suitable accommodation and some furniture. the Director promised to bring this matter to the notice of their concerned officers.

Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director, Census Operations. J & K, Srinagar.

No. Cen. 23/1906-65/70 dated, the 23.5.70 Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to all: 1. District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) 2. Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars) 235 CIRCULAR NO. 19 No. Cen. 86/2076-2122/70 Dated, the 26.5.1970 To A1l Charge Superintendents Subject :-Census of 1971-Coverage ofBakarwals, Nomadic population, Forest labour etc. Sir, As you may be aware, we are making every ('frorts to ensure that our nomadic population like bakarwals, gujjars, forest and other labour are accounted for fully in the general enumeration and without omlSSlons whatsoever. Some of this population may be living in the forest areas in your charge. It is also possible that they may be working in these areas temporarily on forest operations. It is presumed that while demarcating Census Blocks and appointing the Census Field machinery, you have taken care to cover the entire geographical juris­ diction of your tehsil without omitting the forest areas. If this has not been done so far, you may, in consultation with the local Forest authorities, set up convenient forest blocks either independently or as a part of the adjacent Census Blocks which you might already have demarcated to cover such elements in the course of general enumeration. The field agency appointed for such blocks should preferably consist of officials belonging to the Forest Department. It is also important that the officials so appointed are also available for training at centres and on the dates already communicated to you. Action taken in keeping with these instructions may please be intimated by 5th June, 1970 at the latest.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 86/2123-32/70 dated, the 26.5.1970 Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to all District Censul Officers.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Cenlus Operations, J &: K. Srinagar. 236

CIRCULAR 1'10.20

No. Cen. 78/2281-2302/70 Dated, the 30.5.1970 To All Charge Superintendents Subject :-1971 Census-Individual Enumeration

Sir,

I shall feel grateful if you let me know immediately the names of any village or part thereof within your Charge where, because it may be falling within a Military area, your Census Field Agency is prevented from conducting Census· Opera­ tions- in the normal course and where, for this reason, the population is likely to remain non-counted in the general enumeration. On the basis of the information supplied by you so far and in view of the fact that code numbers have been allotted to ,all the villages in your charge, I presume that there are no such pockets in your jurisdiction for which it would be necessary to approach the Army authorities for help. ' , It would be appreciated if you send an early reply.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (1. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu & Kashmir, No. Cen. 78/2303-9/69 dated, the 30.5.1970 Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to all District Census Officers.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. 237

cmCULAIl NO. 21 No. Cen. 78/3440-42/70 Dated, the 1.7.1970 To All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioner) of Kashmir Province Subject: -Census of 197 I-General Enumeration

Sir, Kindly refer to this office letter No. Cen. 78/2531-33/70 dated 15.6.1970 on the above subject. I had the occasion to visit certain fire-affected areas in BandipOl'e and Sopore on 16th instant and discuss with the concerned Charge Superintendents what arrange­ ments could be made by them to ensure that the population belonging to the houses which bad been numbered and listed during the first phase of Census Operations but were not existent now, does not remain out of count. The Charge Superintendents were of the opinion that most of the households rendered houseless by recent fires might settle down in the same areas before the on-set of winter and, therefore, there was little apprehension of any of them being missed in the General Enumeration, due to commence in February, 1971. It was, however, felt that chances were still there that some of the households might find shelter elsewhere with their relatives or friends and may be missed by the Enumerator of that area. It was, therefore, agreed that in all the areas effected by recent fires, the relevant houselists, being maintained in the Charge Offices, are put to physical spot verification and a statement prepared in respect of the households having lost their houses, in accordance with the enclosed proforma, for each effected area separately. I am to request you kindly to issue necessary instructions to the Charge Super­ intendents to do the needful early and send a copy of the statement as specified above in respect of each effected area to this office.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (Abdul Gani') Deputy Director, Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. No. Cen. 78/3443-63/70 dated, the 1.7.1970 Copy for information and favour of necessary action to: I. All Charge Superintendents of Kashmir Province. 2. Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir Province, Srinagar. 3. Secretary to Government, General Department, J & K, Srinagar.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. 238 CJR.CULAB. No. 22 No. Cen. 78/11/6159-6586/70 Dated: 2.9.1970 To All Charge Superintendents of Accessible Areas Subject :-Census 1971-Traiping of Census Field Agency for the General Enumeration in wholly accessible areas Sir. The final and the most important phase of Census which starts and concludes on 10.2.1971 and 3.3.1971 respectively will consist of the following operatiolU:- I. Filling in of Individual Slip and other supplementary documents from 10th February to the Sun-rise of 1st March, 1971. II. Counting of houseless population on the night of 28th February, 1971. III. Revisional round from the Sun-rise of 1st March to 3rd March, 19?)' IV. Communication of Charge Abstract figures to the District Census Officer . through a special messenger on 4th March. 1971. The success of the operations will be ensured by thorough training of the Censw Field Staff. As in the past, the training will be imparted by a team of officers of the Census Department at the centres and the dates specified in the enclosed calendar. You will kindly ensure action on the following points:- a) every Census official. whether Enumerator, Supervisor or Zonal Officer in­ cluding those held in reserve. receive adequate training at the centres con­ venient to him. b) Enumerators. Supervisors and Zonal Officers who receive training at one camp need not attend at any other camp. c) the dates and venues of the training programme should be communicated to the trainees sufficiently in advance. d) all necessary arrangements '(seating, supply of two blackboards, duster, chalk etc.) should be made well in time at every centre. e) your personal attendance at the training centre•• Please acknowledge the receipt of this letter and confirm the action taken on all the points specified above.

Yours faithfully. Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations. Jammu and Kammir. 239

No. Cen. 78/11/6487.6504/70 dated, the 2nd September, 1970 Copy forwarded along with training calendar to:- 1. District Census Officer (Deputy COD;lmissioner)-----. The calendar of training programme as drawn out for all the accessible tehsils of his district is enclosed. He will kindly ensure complete success of the training programme at all the centres and make it convenient to visit as many camps as it may be possible for him. 2. Financial Commissioner, Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar. 3 .. Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir/Jammu. 4. Chief Conservator of Forests, J & K, Srinagar. 5. Secretary to Government, General Department, J & K, Srinagar. 6. Secretary to Chief Minister, J & K, Srinagar. 7. Director of Education, J & K, Srinagar. 8. Deputy Director of Education, Srinagar/Jammu. 9. Assistant Director, Census Operations, Jammu for inConnation and necessary action.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations,] & K, Srinagar. 240

CIRCULAR NO. 23 No. Cen. 78/6293-6314/70 Dated, the 1.9.1970 To All Charge Superintendents (Snow-bound areas) Subject :- 1971 Census - Snow-bound (Non-accessible) areas - collection of records Sir, The housenumbering and houselisting operations in all the non·accessible areas of your tehsil/charge must have been cocluded by now. Please take care to ensure that the following documents have been duly prepared by the Enumerators and verified by the supervisory staff for each village/block separately and the village code numbers and block numbers which were supplied to you through our training officers have been .learly noted on the relevant schedules by the enumerators:- Particulars No. oj copies Notional Map 3 copies Houselist 2 copies Establishment Schedule 2 copies Houselist Abstract (Form A) 2 copies While one copy of the notional map and the houselist for each village/block under the charge of an enumerator may be retained with him till the conclusion of general enumeration i. e. till 3rd October, 1970, the rest of the documents duly tagged for each village/block may be collected from the field latest by 5th September, 1970. These documents may be arranged in the serial order of blocks under a statement, specimen enclosed, and sent to the District Census Officer in carefully packed bundles by 10th September, 1970, at the latest. The bundle should also include the Charge Houselist Abstract in Form-B to be prepared 011 the basis of Enumerator's Abstract (Form-A). In the case of Kargil and Leh Tehsils, the Abstract in Form-B m~y be compiled separately for Leh and Kargil towns. After the general enumeration of snow-boulld areas of your charge is over on 3rd October, 1970, the copy of the notional map al1d houselist retained with the enumerators may be collected along with the enumeration pads and other documents to be filled by the enumerators in cOIUlection with this phase. The collection and despatch of these documents to the Dilltrict Census Officer under the same arrangements al indicated above may be carried out by 20th October, 1970, at the latest. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. No. Cen. 78/6315-23/7Q dated, the 1.9.1970 Copy to District Census Officer (Deputy Commissioner)------. He may please make sure that the documents pertaining to the Houselisting Operations in respect of all non-accessible areas of his District are collected by him from the respective Charge Superintendents by 10th September, 1970 at the latest and furnished to this office in carefully packed bundles under a statement, specimen enclosed, through his senior Census Clerk. Sd/- Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir. 241

CIRCULAR NO. 24 No. Cen. 78/6535-54/70 Dated, the 3.9.1970 To All Charge Superintendents of wholly or partly inaccessible areas

Subject:- Census 1971 - Spot-inspection of the field work. Sir, A team of officers is being deputed to conduct spot-inspection of the progress of Census Enumeration work in the inaccessible areas of various tehsils, as per the enclosed programme. The team will also utilise the opportunity to discuss with you procedure to be adopted regarding:- a) Compilation and despatch of Charge Abstract b) Preparation of Abridged Houselist c) Finalisation of Village Directory d) Collection and despatch of records etc. You are requested to ensure presence of all Zonal Officers and a selected number of Supervisors and Enumerators from each zone along with their records at the tehsil headquarters on the specified date so that the visiting officers are able to check their work and remove their doubts and difficulties, if any. You should also be available personally for discussions with the visiting teams.

Yours faithfully, Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. No. Cen. 78/6555-63/70 dated, the 3.9.1970 Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to all District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners).

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 242

CIRCULAR NO. 25 No. Cen. 78/8541.50/70 Dated, the 19.10.1970 To All District Census Officers (Deputy Commissioners) Subject:- Census 1971 - Ban on release of Census figures Sir, I have the honour to say that figures collected as a result of the completion of the houselisting operations in all the districts and conclusion of general enumeration in snow-bound areas, should be treated as strictly confidential and not useJ for any purpose whatsoever till the results of population count in our State are officially released by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Any premature use of these figures is likely to create an adverse effect on the conduct of general enumeration due to take place between 10th February to 3rd March, 1971. Kindly acknowledge the receipt of this letter. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir.

No. Cen. 78/11/8551-8607/70 dated, the 19.10.1970 Copy forwarded for information and necessary action to:- 1. Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Kashmir. 2. Secretary to Government, General Department, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. S. Secretary to Chief Minister. Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar. 4. All Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars) of the State. 5. Assistant Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu.

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 243

CIRCULAR NO. 26 No. Cen 78-11/8844-69/70 Dated, the 3rd Nov., 1970

To All District Census Officers/ All Charge Superintendents (Kashmir Province)

Subject:- Census 1971 - Meeting of Census Clerks

Sir, It is proposed to hold a three day's meeting of all the district and tehsil Census clerks of Kashmir Province on 3rd, 4th and 5th of December, 1970 in our Srinagar Office. During this meeting the Census clerks will be thoroughly briefed about their functions and responsibilities in connection with the successful conduct of Census Operations, timely and organised distribution of Census material to the Enumeration mar;:hinery, collection of filled-in documents from the Enumeration Staff in complete form, proper consolidation and submission of records and, above all in the preparation of provisional Census totals which are to be communicated by every Charge Super­ intendent on 4th March, 1971 by telegram or telephone. They will also be required to collect all requirements of Census material for their respective charges. You are accordingly requested to please direct your Census clerk (s) to report for the meeting at our office at 19-Karan Nagar, Srinagar on 3rd December, 1970 at 10.30 a. m. sharp. Kindly acknowledge receipt.

Yours faithfully t Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 244

CIRCULAR NO. 27 No. Cen. 102/9573-9615/70 Dated, the 26.11.1970 To All Charge Superintendents of accessible areas Subject:- Census 1971 - Submission of provisional Census totals

Sir, Kindly find enclosed one printed Census Engagement Calendar for your constant reference and follow-up action. You will make careful note of the fact that an abstract containing information relating to total sex-wise population and sex-wise number of literates and illiterates of your charge should reach the District Census Officer positively by 4th March, 1971, with a copy endorsed to me. No extension of the date will be allowed as the District Census Officer has to communicate consolidation information of the district directly to the Registrar General, India, next day viz; 5th March, 1971. 2. For ready reference, the draft of the telegram which has to be sent to District Census Officers and Director of Census Operations is as under:- 1. DYCOM 2. KASHCENSUS 1971 Census Provisional Totals Charge------Disfrict------­ Males------Females-----­ Total population------Literate males------Literate females------Total literates------The telegram should be followed up by a copy by post in confirmation. If you wish to communicate this information to the Director of Census Operations on telephone, you may contact the following telephone numbers, as the case may be :- OffiCI No. Residence No. Srinagar Jammu Srinagar Director 3422 3846 3771 Deputy Director 3422 3846 4239

3. In order that you are able (0 communicate the results in time, the following action is suggested :-

You should make sure to collect all Enumerators' Abstracts of your charge latest by 3rd March' 71. From Column-2 and Column-5 of these abstracts, you should post the particulars of the population and literates in the prescribed register already handed over to your Census Clerk (a copy of the formate is enclosed). As a matter of fact, the first two columns of the register viz; i) Code No. and Name of the Village/Mohalla and ii) Enumerator's Block No., should remain filled up in the register much in advance in the serial order of the villages and blocks of your charge so that minimulll time is spent in posting the relevant figures and to falling them up for the entire charge. 245

4. The other detailed provisional figures based on the Enumerator's Abstract will be released at the all-India' level on 15,th March, 1971. Consequently you will have to submit the consolidated abstract of your charge by 10th March, 1971 through a special messenger to your Deputy Commissioner and the Director of Census Ope­ rations simultaneously. To make this possible without any error or omission, you must take the following action;- You should open separate registers; one for males and the other for femaJes for which adequate printed forms (specimen enclosed) have already been supplied to you through your Census Clerk. In these registers you should post the figures from the Enumerator's Abstract with column to column correspondence for males and females separately. The consolidated totals of these figures should later be reproduced in the prescribed Charge Abstract (copy enclosed).

Please acknowledge the receipt of this letter.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir.

No. Cen. 102/9616-9628/70 dated, the 26.11.70 Copy for information and necessary action to;- I. District Census. Officer (Deputy Commissioner)------2. Divisional Commissioner, Jammu/Kashmir. 3. Secretary to Government, General Department, J&K, . Jammu. 4. Assistant Director, Census Operations, J&K, Jammu.

Sd/- Deputy Director, Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar. 246

CIRCULAR No. 28 CONFIDENTIAL D. O. No. Cen.J-1(ii)/168-213/71 Dated: 16th January, 1971 My dear You must have already received my telegram giving the revised dates of the Census.

2. In view of the mid~term poll, it has been decided to postpone the Census Reference Date to lst April, 1971 with three additional days for the revisional round. If there is any houseless population like beggars, vagarants etc., present in your charge, these should be enumerated on the night of 31 st March, 1971. 3. As is apparent, this decision has been taken in order to give you enough. time to ensure full and accurate count of the population in your charge as it stands on April I, 1971. 4. You will kindly take steps to obtain the Census records, complete in all respects, by 3rd April, 1971 positively and communicate the provisional population totals of your charge on 4th April, 1971, in the prescribed form, to your concerned District Census Officer who will be required to communicate these totals for the whole district telegraphically direct to the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (with a copy endorsed to me) positively by 5th April, 1971. 5. Due to the postponement of the Census Reference Date, extra care has to be taken for the safe custody of Census schedules and forms which have been supplied to the Enumerators during the period of training. You will kindly keep in constant touch with the Census Field Agency for this purpose. In case any enum~ rator is transferred before the completion of his job, you will please ensure that his records are transferred to the enumerator who takes his place, on proper receipt. Further, he should also be instructed as to how he has to fill the forms by the concerned Supervisor. 6. I wish to inform you that we have made arrangements for absorbing in our department those of the Census clerks at the Tehsil & District level who show extra~ordinary efficiency in the performance of their job as well as saf~keeping of the Census records after the conclusion of the present Census Operation. This may kindly be conveyed to the concerned.

Your sincerely, Sd/~ (J. N. Zutshi) Shri------, All Charge Superintendents of J & K State except Charge Superintendents of District Ladakh and Tehsil Karnah (Tehsildar/Administrator of Municipality/Executive Officer, Cantonment) ------. 247

CIRCULAR NO. 29 No. Cen. J-l (ii)/558-600/71 Dated, the 16.2.1971 To All Charge Superintendents Subject :-1971 Census-Enumeration. Sir, During my recent tours, it was represented by some enumerators that since they have to appear in University Examinations beginning from 12th March' 71, they were unable consequently to attend to Census work and may, therefore, be replaced. For obvious reasons, no replacements can be made at this stage. The only way out of the difficulty is to ask such enumerators to take up their work immediately and complete it before they are due to sit for examinations. They should, of course, bring their records up-ta-date on lst & 2nd April, 1971. It may be mentioned that the arrangement suggested is in their own interests. 2. Another matter to which I would like to refer is that in the course of your duties as Charge Superintendents, you may have had to deal with some peculiar problems in your charge. You may kindly send a brief report about these problems so that your experiences, which we would mention in our various reports, would prove helpful at the time of next Census. To illustrate this point, I would like to mention the following two instances:- a) in Udhampur tehsil, it has been found that members of some Muslim families bear Hindu names. A case of this kind needs to be put on record and timely information sent to us so that there is no confusion when Individual Slips of the members of such families are processed for tabulation. b) quite a few cases in Thana Mandi, Rajouri were brought to our notice where a child was born to a mother without anybody claiming to be the father. In such instances the head of the household is mother herself. Consequently the relationship of the child to the head of the household will be shown as son or daughter in the Individual Slip. S. I trust that Census work in your charge is' progressing satisfactorily under your personal supervision and will be completed on due date viz; April I, 1971.

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. No. Cen. J-I (ii)/601-1 1/71 dated; the 16.2.1971 Copy for information and favour of necessary action to :- 1. All District Census Officers (Dy. Commissioners). 2. Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir/Jammu .. 3. Deputy Secretary to ·Government. General Department, J &. K, Jammu.

Sd/­ (Abdul Gani) Deputy Director of Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. 248

CIRCULAR NO. 30 No. Cen. 101/13241-83/70 Dated, the 9.3.197 I To All Charge Superintendents

Subject :-Censul 1971-Enumeration

Sir, I am confident that enumeration work in your tehsil must be progressing smoothly under your personal supervision. Kindly make it a point to send provisional totals of your charge to the concerned District Census Officer positively by 4.4.1971 by telegram. with a copy endorsed to me. To facilitate spot inspection of this crucial phase of the Census programme, I am deputing an officer with instructions to contact you immediately so that you personally accompany him on a tour of your tehsil to ensure cent per cent success. The dates of his visit to your tehsil are given in the enclosed statement. .

Yours faithfully, Sd/- (J. N. Zutshi) Director of Census Operations, Jammu. and Kashmir.

No. Cen. 101/13284-92/70 dated, the 9.3.1971 Copy along with a copy of spot inspection programme forwarded to District Census Officer,------for information and favour of necessary action. He will kindly make it possible for himself to conduct regular inpection visits in all tehsils of the district from 10th March to Ist April, 1971 to ensure a thorough and successful conclusion of the Census enumeration in his district strictly to schedule. 2. Assistant Director of Census Operations, J & K, Jammu.

Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations, J & K, Srinagar. 249

CIRCULAR NO. 31 No. Cen. 101/13-55/71 Dated. the 1.4.1971

To All Charge Superintendents (Tehsildars)

Subject :-1971 Census-Collection and despatch of records

Sir. As requested vide this office letter No. Cen. 101/13293-13336/70 dated 9.3.1971 on the above subject. kindly ensure to keep ready all the Census records pertaining to your tehsil in the serial order of enumeration blocks for Rural and Urban areas separately to be handed over to the official who will be deputed to your tehsil on 10.4.1971 for their collection. The Census clerk of your tehsil should also accompany the records. He will continue to be on duty in this office until he gets a clearance to the. effect that the records pertaining to the tehsil are full and complete. Kindly acknowledge receipt of this letter.

Yours fai~hfully. Sd/- Deputy Director of Census Operations. Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar.

No. Cen. 101/56-65/71 Dated, the 1.4.1971

Copy to District Census Officer for information. He may kindly instruct his two Census clerks and the orderly to report to thiJ office on 10.4.J971 for further instructions.

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SUMMARISED AND SIMPLIFIED VERSION OF INSTRUCTIONS ON INDIVIDUAL SLIP AND ABRIDGED HOUSELIST

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SAMPLE NOTIONAL MAP AND INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER BROCHURE ISSUED TO ENUMERATION AGENCY DURING HOUSENUMBERING & HOUSEUSTING PHASE