Initial Environmental Examination

May 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Subproject: Rehabilitation of Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road in Duero, Bohol

Prepared by Municipality of Duero, Province of Bohol for the Asian Development Bank.

i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 April 2019) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01938 $1.00 = PhP 51.5875

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CNC Certificate of Non Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DED Detail Engineering Design DENR Department Of Environment And Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health And Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist GAD Gender And Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right Of Way LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non Environmental Critical Area NECP Non Environmental Critical Project NIA National Irrigation Administration NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement And Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OMC Overhead, Contingencies And Miscellaneous And Contractor’s PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PDR Project Description Report PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPCO Provincial Project Management Offices

i PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PRECIS Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons with Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SEMS Social and Environmental Management Systems SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA Watershed Management Area WMPCO Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices

ii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the Borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ...... 4 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 5 A. Overview ...... 5 B. Project Location ...... 5 C. Project Rationale ...... 6 D. Project Development Plan ...... 7 1. Project Components ...... 7 2. Description of the Project Phases ...... 8 E. Manpower Requirements ...... 9 F. Project Cost ...... 9 G. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 11 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 11 B. Geology...... 12 C. Soils ...... 14 D. Water Quality ...... 14 E. Land Classification ...... 16 F. Land Cover and Land Use ...... 17 G. Climate ...... 18 1. Baseline Climate ...... 18 2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050...... 19 H. Hydrology ...... 21 I. Natural Hazards ...... 21 J. Biological Environment ...... 22 1. Flora ...... 22 2. Fauna ...... 23 K. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 23 1. Population ...... 23 2. Water Supply...... 23 3. Indigenous Peoples ...... 23 4. Education ...... 24 5. Health and Sanitation ...... 24 6. Mortality and Morbidity ...... 24 7. Electricity ...... 25 8. Communication ...... 25 9. Income and Expenditure ...... 25 10. Tourism ...... 25 11. Commerce and Industry ...... 25 12. Road and Transportation ...... 25 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 26 A. Pre-Construction ...... 27 1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 27 2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done ...... 27 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...... 28 4. Recruitment of workers ...... 28 B. Construction ...... 28 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 28

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2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 28 3. Soil erosion ...... 28 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road ...... 29 5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement) ...... 29 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ...... 29 7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ...... 29 8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 30 9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ...... 30 10. Construction drainage system ...... 30 11. Water quality ...... 30 12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 30 13. Traffic safety and management ...... 31 14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 31 15. Damage to properties ...... 31 16. Concrete washout ...... 32 17. Use of hazardous wastes ...... 32 18. Public safety ...... 32 C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 32 1. Operation of upgraded access road ...... 32 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 33 A. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 33 B. Information Disclosure ...... 35 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 35 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 37 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 37 B. Environmental Mitigation ...... 38 C. Environmental Monitoring ...... 48 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 50 A. Conclusion ...... 50 B. Recommendation ...... 51

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Access Road ...... 6 Figure 2. Location Map of the Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed ...... 12 Figure 3. Elevation and Slope of the Road Access Subproject ...... 12 Figure 4. Geology Map of the Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed ...... 13 Figure 5. Soil Map of the Entire Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed ...... 14 Figure 6. Land Classification Map of influenced area ...... 17 Figure 7. Tropical Cyclone Tracks from 1944 - 2013 ...... 19 Figure 8. Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol...... 20 Figure 9. Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium- range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol...... 21 Figure 10. Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province ...... 22

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ...... 3 Table 2. EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects ...... 4 Table 3. Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project ...... 10 Table 4: Indicative Implementation Schedule ...... 11 Table 5. Results of the physico-chemical analysis in Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed (CY 2016) ...... 14 Table 6. Land uses of Barangay Taytay...... 17 Table 7. Monthly Mean Rainfall Based on Tagbilaran Weather Station (2004 - 2010) ...... 18 Table 8. Potential environmental impacts of the subproject ...... 26 Table 9. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Taytay, Duero ...... 34 Table 10. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ...... 37 Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 39 Table 12. Community level construction monitoring form...... 48 Table 13. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 49

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Public Consultation of Project Beneficiaries in LGUs with Proposed RI Subprojects ...... 53 Appendix 2. Barangay Resolution ...... 62 Appendix 3. SB Resolution ...... 63 Appendix 4. Joint Resolution between the Barangay Council and Tribal Council Accepting the Program Granted by INREMP for the ESKAYA Community at Barangay Taytay, Duero, Bohol ...... 64 Appendix 5: Grievance Intake Form ...... 65

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for Rehabilitation of Tinago- Pilpilon Access Road in Duero, Bohol. The rehabilitation of access road is located within the forest land area. The total length of the road is 2,000 meters with 2 meters wide carriage way and shoulders of 0.5 meter. The Tinago-Pilpilon access road is considered a major road connecting the IP barangay to the rest of the Municipality of Duero. The Tinago-Pilpilon access road is within the ancestral domains of the Eskaya Tribe covered by CADC.

2. The objective of the Rehabilitation of Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road in Duero, Bohol is to uplift the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy and provide affordable access road thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the NRM project activities of the constituents.

3. The Sub-project has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Duero rural infrastructure sub-project and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Duero with the cooperation of RPCO, PMU, WMCO and POs.

4. The estimated subproject cost has the total amount of Seven Million Four Hundred Six Thousand and Five Hundred pesos (PhP 7,406,500.00). Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 80% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project and the remaining 20% will be borne by the proponent LGU as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development fund. The subproject scope of works include subgrade preparation, aggregate sub-base course, and concrete pavement.

5. Major land use along the road rehabilitation project is agriculture which is part of production forest. None of the sub-project roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas.

6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Rehabilitation of Access Road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A series of consultations with barangay Taytay of the local government of Duero confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development.

8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Taytay prior to commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

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9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. During construction, they will closely conduct monitoring the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure.

10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. The sub-project will directly benefit people located within the barangays providing improved access and economic development. The sub-project would also benefit the environment in terms of reduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures and construction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reduced by the improvement of pavement. Health risk to the roadside communities and damage to the biological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures.

11. This Sub-project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro- chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects) 3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.) 7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers 1 Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for 0. domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities 1 Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with 1. primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 1 Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and 2. above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

• Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1. • Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘ based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’. • Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Non Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of

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the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

14. This subproject is an improvement of existing barangay road which falls under the group of Non-ECP. Given that the Subproject is rehabilitation of access road with no more than 50% increase in capacity, the Duero LGU is already applied online the Certificate of Non- Coverage (CNC) to the Environmental Management Bureau.

Table 2. EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects Project Type Project size EIA Report Type Required/Decision Document parameter Group I Group II Environmental Initial Environmental Project Description Impact Examination (IEE Report Report (PDR)/ CNC Statement (EIS)/ (IEER) or IEE Checklist ECC (IECC)/ ECC Bridges and Length >= 10 km >=80m but <=10 km Regardless of length viaducts new for foot bridges; < construction 80m for other bridges Roads, new Length with no >= 20km >= 2 km but <20km < 2 km construction critical slope or or or and widening Length with >=10km >=2km but <10km (including RO- critical slope RO facilities) Tunnels and Length >=10 km < 1 km sub-grade roads and railways

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

15. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows:

• Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

• Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

• Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

• Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s

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must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

16. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project or Sub-project can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

17. The general objective of the Rehabilitation of Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road is uplifting the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the national resources management project activities of the constituents.

18. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community.

B. Project Location

19. Duero is a coastal municipality located in the southeastern part of the Island Province of Bohol. It is within the 3rd congressional district of Bohol, 73 kilometers from the City of Tagbilaran, accessible via all weather road. It is bounded by the Municipality of Pilar on the south, Mindanao Sea on the north, Municipality of Guindulman on the east, the Municipality of Jagna on the west and the Municipality of Sierra-Bullones on the northwest.

20. The Municipality of Duero is part of the Wahig Pamacsalan Sub-watershed of the Wahig-Inabanga River Basin, Province of Bohol, Region 7 (Central Visayas Region). One of the current major problems of the municipality is the bad condition of several barangay roads.

21. The present two-kilometer road network which stretches from Sitio Tinago-Sitio Pilpilon, Taytay is in a state of disrepair. Agricultural produce and other goods coming in or out of the area are difficult to transport especially since the most common mode/type of transportation is habal-habal. There are no large production centers (grain mills, etc.) and the usual farm lots are no bigger than two (2) hectares. These products which are mostly perishable are mostly sold in the town proper which is more than 10 kilometers away. The Rehabilitation of Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road has a total length of 2000 meters with 2 meters wide carriage way and shoulders of 0.5 meter. Natural line canals are included in the scope of works as part of engineering measure. Project components shall include: Subgrade preparation, aggregate sub base course, and concrete pavement.

22. Based on the environmental characterization of the project site done during the field reconnaissance survey, the project was not located in an environmentally critical area and the field data were supplemented with secondary information gathered from the DENR Regional Office and CENRO and other relevant data such as watershed management plan, environmental reports and feasibility studies undertaken by national and local agencies.

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Figure 1. Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Access Road

C. Project Rationale

23. The rehabilitation of access road is located within the timberland area and it is embodied in the Indigenous Peoples Plan, in which it specifically identified the proposed rehabilitation of access road as one of the major concern. Because most of the beneficiaries are farmers, who rely heavily on agricultural products as their main source of income, safe and lower costs in transporting and hauling their harvests are among the prime needs that needs to be addressed as early as possible.

24. The main livelihood of the community within the influenced barangay is farming. However, these activities are very much affected by the poor condition of the road. During rainy season, the road becomes muddy and hardly passable. Based on the data above, health is an issue and they need access to more additional health services. The transport condition also makes the fare rates high so people tend to get their basic needs from unscrupulous businessmen engaged in trading or middlemen in the area. Also, quality of farm produce transported to the main market will be low if the road is rough. The lack of access also deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities.

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25. During a series of consultations with the municipal and barangay officials, the major problem identified by the community was the poor access road. The farmers were forced to sell their agricultural products to the traders who came into the area at low price they dictate to the farmers and deal with higher cost of transportation and hauling if they sell them to the market.

26. There will be many opportunities that this rehabilitated access road will bring. Foremost of which will be the additional income of the farmers and the people due to the enhancement of their farming systems and maximization in the utilization of the area. Other factors that would contribute to income or savings generation is the reduction of time in transporting their produce and finish products, the increase of enrolment of high school students. The decrease of maternal and infant mortality rate due to the increase of frequency of health personnel going to the area, and the decrease of transportation fare rates due to the reduction of vehicular operating cost. Other potential livelihoods that will emerge are backyard poultry and/or piggery, commercial high value crops and eco-tourism development and related activities.

27. Direct employment during the construction will increase. Labor, skilled and unskilled, will be from the barangay and women can also be employed. It may address some of the poverty situation as it decreases costs and prices and enhances trade and employment opportunities. Transportation indirectly alleviates poverty. The lack of access deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities and even of very basic social services. Reliable access to schools and health services for the poor contributes directly to their accumulation of human capital, which is a key factor in sustainable poverty alleviation in as much as jobs and basic social services are relatively highly valued by the poor.

D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

28. The total length of the road is 2,000 meters with 2 meters wide carriage way and shoulders of 0.5 meter. Natural line canals are included in the scope of works as part of engineering measure. Project components shall include: subgrade preparation, aggregate sub base course, and concrete pavement.

The following are the major technical specifications of the project:

Subgrade Preparation

This item shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the support of overlying structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer, sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure. Grader and road roller equipment shall be required for this item.

Aggregate Sub-Base Course

This Item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregates base course on a prepared sub grade/sub base in accordance with the specifications and the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown in the plans, or as established by the Engineer.

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP)

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This item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete, with or without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with the specification and in conformity with lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-section shown on the plans, or as established by the Engineer.

Clearing and Removal of Obstructions

This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetable and debris as designated in the contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification. No trees will be cut for the implementation of the subproject. The work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects designated to remain.

Roadway Gravelling

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting aggregate base course on a prepared grade in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans.

29. The Subproject Cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP 7,406,500.00. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 80% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project and the remaining 20% will be borne by the proponent LGU as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development fund.

30. The Access Road is considered a major road connecting the IP barangay to the rest of the Municipality of Duero. As majority of the Eskaya Tribe are farmers, the existing road is very important for them to transport their rice, corn, cassava and other farm products either to sell or trade to commercial establishments.

2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

31. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors.

b. Construction/Development Phase

32. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from

8 the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Sub-Project Management Unit.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

33. The operation and maintenance phase involve the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. This will involve the designation a spoils storage area of at least 25 meters away from water bodies for proper disposal of excavated materials, wetting areas of dust sources along vehicle route, and regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals.

d. Abandonment Phase

34. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

35. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

36. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

37. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

38. The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

F. Project Cost

39. The Subproject Cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP 7,406,500.00. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 80% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project and the remaining 20% will be borne by the proponent LGU as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development fund.

40. Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project is:

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Table 3. Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project

41. Aside from the equity counterpart provided by the LGU for the subproject, they also allocated some amount intended for the preparation of the project such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study (or subproject proposal document) and detailed engineering, survey of the project site and some evaluation by the personnel from different sectors who are involved in the implementation of the subproject.

42. Asian Development Bank and other foreign funders together with the DENR will provide the budget needed to for capacity development trainings that will not only enhance the skills of the proponent and POs but will also provide additional learnings on the guidelines and best practices on Infrastructure project implementation.

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G. Project Duration and Schedule

43. The implementation will engage the communities during the implementation and the operation and maintenance of the completed facility. The full involvement of the communities will be mobilized by the LGU to ensure their commitment, thus achieving sustainability. The sub-project may take around nine (9) months to accomplish and initially operate. It will start from sub-project development (SPD) and detailed engineering design (DED) preparation until approval that may take four (4) months, procurement stage for three (3) months, implementation/construction stage up to completion (11) eleven months (Table 4).

Table 4: Indicative Implementation Schedule 2018 2019 2020 Subproject Milestones J F M A M J J A S O S N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M SPD Preparation SPD Review and Approval DED Preparation Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn- over O&M Activity

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

44. Wahig Inabanga River Basin is the largest watershed in Bohol. It is composed of four major component watersheds, namely; Wahig-Pamacsalan, Danao, Dagohoy and Inabanga covering an area of about 62,795.74 hectares. Most of the land area is classified as alienable and disposable lands.

45. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed is composed of two (2) watersheds, the Wahig watershed and Pamacsalan watershed. It is located in the central part of the province of Bohol covering 44 barangays encompassing the large agricultural valley of the two municipalities of Pilar and Sierra Bullones, and a portion of the mountainous areas of the municipalities of Duero, Garcia Hernandez and Jagna. It has a total area of 13,543 hectares which is 21.57% of the total 62,796 hectares of the Wahig-Inabanga River Basin (Figure 2).

A. Elevation and Slope

46. The variations in elevation of a watershed are important factors relating to temperature and rainfall. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed, generally, is less than 900 m asl in elevation. Almost one third (1/3) or 4,153 hectares of the entire area have an elevation range of 100 - 200 m asl. These are mostly found in the towns of Pilar and Sierra Bullones. The highest elevation that ranges from 800 - 900 m asl is found in Mayana, Jagna, Canta-ub and Lataban, Sierra Bullones.

47. In particular, the proposed road rehabilitation subproject in Barangay Taytay ranges from elevation of 680 to 720 m asl with an average slope of 5.2%. Other details are shown in Figure 3.

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Figure 2. Location Map of the Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed

Figure 3. Elevation and Slope of the Road Access Subproject

B. Geology

48. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed is composed of basement rocks such as the Carmen formation and the Sierra Bullones limestone. All the 5 municipalities in the watershed

12 have a basement rock of Sierra Bullones limestone, covering 5,729 hectares and a total of 7,814 hectares of Carmen formation found only in the municipality of Pilar and Sierra Bullones (Fig. 4).

49. The following are the description of the geologic formation in the Watershed:

1. Carmen Formation: The Carmen formation is essentially composed of shale, sandstone, slabby to clastic limestone beds, conglomerate, siltstone, mudstone, and marl. Generally, the sedimentary beds are low dipping and inter-bedded with each other and assume a highly tuffaceous nature. The base of the Carmen formation is a thin, medium-bedded siliceous shale and sandstone member, consisting mainly of fine to medium-grained particles of feldspar, glass shards, sharply angular glass and fragments of basaltic hornblende.The formation covers the low terraces, low to high limestone hills and undulating to rolling sedimentary hills and terraces of the Watershed area. The soils formed are Lithic Rendolls and Typic Eutropepts. Lithic Rendolls are shallow soils, clayey, well drained and contain a substantial amount of finely divided lime and small rock fragments. The Typic Eutropepts have dark brown, dark grayish brown clay surface soils. The consistency is slightly sticky and plastic when wet (Rosario et. al, 2000).

2. Sierra Bullones Limestone: The Sierra Bullones mountain ranges of southeastern Bohol are capped by massive limestone strongly correlating with the Barili limestone of south central Cebu. It is overlain by white marl. The type of soil produced from this formation is an association of Rendolls and Eutropepts. The Rendolls are very dark gray, brown or dark yellowish brown clay situated on the moderate to steep slopes and are subject to moderate and severe erosion. They are well-drained soils that have shallow to deep solum. Fairly to very rocky land surface is characterized in the landscape (Rosario et al, 2000).

Figure 4. Geology Map of the Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed

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C. Soils

50. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed has four types of soil namely Annam clay, Faraon clay, Ubay clay and Ubay clayloam. Among these four types, Ubay clay has the largest area of 6,490 hectares or 48% of the total area of the watershed, followed by Annam clay with 4,117 hectares. On the otherhand, Faraon clay comprises the smallest with 259 hectares (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. Soil Map of the Entire Wahig Pamacsalan Watershed

D. Water Quality

51. The Wahig and Pamascalan Rivers were classified as ‘Class D’ water based on the DENR Memorandum Circular No. 7. All results in each station are shown in Table 5 and evaluated based on guidelines indicated in DAO No. 8 Series of 2016.

Table 5. Results of the physico-chemical analysis in Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed (CY 2016) Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Parameter Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Station 6 Wet 30 30 28 31 29 32 Result Dry 30 30 30 31 30 31 DENR Standard (max. rise of Wet Passed passed passed passed passed passed Temperature 3°C based on

the Aver. Of Dry Passed passed passed passed passed passed the) Wet 8.16 8.14 8.15 7.93 7.82 8.13 Result Dry 8.06 8.25 8.07 8.43 7.99 7.87

Wet basic basic basic basic basic basic

Condition pH (range) Dry basic basic basic basic basic basic DENR Standard Wet passed passed passed passed passed passed (6.0-9.0) Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed Wet 215 229 187 185 274 185 Total Dissolved Result Dry 280 243 340 166 346 373 Solids (mg/L) DENR Standard Wet passed passed passed passed passed passed (1,000) Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed

Result 20 2.0 1.2 33 44 3.6 Total Dry

Suspended DENR Standard Solids (Not more than (mg/L) Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed 60 mg/L increase)

Dissolved 6.5 7.8 6.1 7.4 7.3 8.9 Oxygen Result Dry (mg/L) DENR Standard Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed

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Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Parameter Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Station 6 (40)

Biochemical Result <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 2.2 <2.0 2.1 Dry Oxygen Demand (mg/L) DENR Standard Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed (10)

Result <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Chromium Dry

VI (mg/L) DENR Standard Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed (10)

<0.027 <0.027 <0.027 <0.027 <0.027 <0.027 Lead Result Dry mg/L DENR Standard Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed (10)

<0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Cadmium Result Dry mg/L DENR Standard Dry passed passed passed passed passed passed (0.05) Source: Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed Management Plan (2018)

a. Temperature

52. Water temperature fluctuates between day and night and over longer time periods. It varies along the length of a river with latitude and elevation, but can also vary between small sections depending on local conditions. The temperature of surface water is usually between 0ºC and 30°C. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed sampling stations result has a temperature of 30°C, 30°C, 28°C, 31°C, 29°C and 32°C respectively. The mean average temperature was 30°C which indicates that the water in the watershed is within the normal range for surface water.

b. pH

53. In the Wahig-Pamacsalan characterization result, pH values of the water sample taken from the six sampling stations showed a slight variation. All stations indicate alkalinity which had a value of 8.16, 8.14, 8.15, 7.93, 7.82 and 8.13, respectively. Based on the DENR standards, the value set for pH is 6.0-9.0. Thus, the pH values of the water samples in every sampling station with the average value of 8.01 showed that the water quality of Wahig- Pamacsalan Watershed conformed to the standard set by DENR.

c. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

54. Station 1, 2, 3 and 5 has a BOD level of <2.0 mg/L, Station 4 has 2.2 mg/L, and Station 6 has 2.1 mg/L. The BOD results of the four stations fall within the standard set by DENR which is 10 mg/L. Biological Oxygen Demand refers to the amount of oxygen needed in the decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms and determines organic pollution to both waste water and surface water. Thus, the low BOD results among the six stations show that the amount of organic matter in the study area is negligible and does not cause negative effect on the quality of water. BOD influences the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

d. Total Dissolved Solids

55. Conversely, the TDS values of the water samples in this study varied among the six (6) stations. Sampling station 1 to 6 had values 215 mg/l, 229 mg/l, 187 mg/l, 185 mg/l, 274 mg/l, and 185 mg/l respectively tends to have low levels of dissolved solids compared to the standard set by DENR which is 1000 mg/l and it revealed that the water samples conformed to the prescribed standard.

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e. Cadmium (mg/L)

56. Usually cadmium is a minor constituent of surface and ground water. It may exist in water as hydrated ion, inorganic complexes such as carbonates, hydroxides, chlorides or sulphates or as organic omplexes with humic acid. The percentage of cadmium in the water samples taken from the six sampling station of Wahig-Pamacsalan watershed based on the result of analysis was <0.005 mg/L falls within the standard set by the DENR.

f. Chromium VI (mg/L)

57. The result of Chromium in Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed Sampling Station 1 to 6 had similar value of <0.01 mg/L and it falls within the standard of the DENR which is 10mg/L.

g. Lead (mg/L)

58. Corrosion of the plumbing system and erosion of natural deposits may cause lead to enter and contaminate water system. Ingestion of water contaminated with lead may cause poisoning both human and animals, damaging the nervous system and causing blood and brain disorder. The same with the other two heavy metals, lead content of the water samples taken from the sampling stations of Wahig-Pamacsalan watershed is <0.027 mg/L falls within the prescribed standard of DENR which is 10 mg/L.

h. Fecal Coliform

59. With regards to the analysis of fecal coliform in Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed result showed that Sampling Stations 1 has a value of 2.4x102 Most Probable Number (MPN), Station 2 has 9.2x103 MPN, Station 3 has 2.4x103 MPN, Station 4 has 1.8 MPN, Station 5 has 5.4x103 MPN and Station 6 has 2.4x104 MPN.

i. Total Coliform

60. It showed that sampling stations 1 to 6 had values of 1.6 x103 MPN, 9.2 x103 MPN, 2.4 x103 MPN, 63 MPN, 1.6x104 MPN, and 13.5x104 MPN respectively. It was evident that most of the water samples from all the stations is highly contaminated and also denotes the potential public health hazards.

E. Land Classification

61. The influence areas are largely classified as forest barangays. Of the total 537.92 hectares in its political and administrative jurisdiction, only 50 hectares or 24.50% are classified as Alienable and Disposable. The forestland of 321.56 hectares makes up about 92.4% of the total land area of the barangays (Fig. 6).

62. The upper slope of Sitio Tinago and Pilpilon is proposed as a Protected Forest. The lower slopes which are the Production forest are planted to agricultural crops while some areas are used for abaca production. It is in this lower slope that the existing farm to market road is situated. The forest can be preserved through joint tree growing by the barangay residents and the students as well. People need the forest for food and wood but people can learn and look for ways to use the forest without destroying it.

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Figure 6. Land Classification Map of influenced area

F. Land Cover and Land Use

63. The Influence area has a total land area of 537 hectares which almost are classified as forest, agricultural is 5% and 2% built up areas (Table 6). The built up areas include residential, commercial, institutional, and other land uses. The land use types along the proposed Tinago - Pilpilon road access rehabilitation is mostly agricultural areas planted of different root crops, vegetables, cut flower, spices, corn, and rice. It must be pointed out that needed right of ways are clear of residential structures, crops, trees, agricultural products and socio-cultural heritage structures.

Table 6. Land uses of Barangay Taytay Taytay Land Uses Area (ha) % Total Agricultural 156 29.11% Forest land 321 59.77% Institutional 3 0.57% Residential 56 10.41% River 22 4.08% Road 30 5.57% Utilities 60 11.20% Cemetery 1 .18% TOTAL 537 Source: Geographic Information System, MPDC, Duero, Bohol

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G. Climate

1. Baseline Climate

64. Based on Modified Corona’s Classification System, the area has a Type IV climate, which is characterized by more or less evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year (Agpaoa et al. 1975). The climate is influenced by southwest originating monsoons, and is relatively dry from March to May. The wet season is from June to December with mean monthly rainfall averaging about 30 mm to 305 mm. The wettest months are October and November.

65. Atmospheric temperature observations for Bohol are obtained from PAGASA’s synoptic station in Tagbilaran City. The Tagbilaran City’s climate datasets extended their influences within the Duero municipality covered in the Wahig-Inabanga Watershed.

66. Data sets made available were hydro-meteorological variables on rainfall or precipitation and temperatures by monthly average for the 30-year period 1971-2000 as the observed or current baseline as well as the future projections under a medium-range emission scenario for periods of 2020 (base year 2006-2035) and 2050 (base year 2036 – 2065). Likewise, data on daily rainfall from 2004 - 2010 from PAGASA Tagbilaran, based on the CNM3 model with A1 and A2 scenarios was likewise obtained.

67. Using basic hydro-meteorologic indicators, the climate profile of the four LGUs can thus be described as follows:

a. Rainfall

PAGASA data, the observed mean daily rainfall (average of all values) based on the period from 1971 to 2000 range from 68.2 mm to 183 mm. The driest months are from February to May with average rainfall of 72.5 mm while the wettest months are from September to December, with an average rainfall of 156.2 mm. The average annual rainfall for 1971 to 2000 is 1,357.6 mm.

The latest rainfall data summarized from the daily rainfall records obtained show a decreasing rainfall pattern in 2004 to 2005 (Table 7). From 2006 however, there is increasing rainfall trend with unusually high rainfall level in year 2008 at 2,273 mm, before tapering down in 2009. One typhoon made a direct hit in June 2008, attributing to June the highest rainfall level in that year. Nevertheless, the months from January to March of the same year gave the area unusually high levels of rainfall ranging from 202.8 mm to 264.7 mm.

Table 7. Monthly Mean Rainfall Based on Tagbilaran Weather Station (2004 - 2010) Year/Mo 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Avg Min Max JAN 64.4 26.2 95.7 185.5 264.7 67.1 100.4 114.9 26.2 264.7 FEB 97.7 1.3 130.7 25.1 202.8 190.3 20.9 95.5 1.3 202.8 MAR 79.3 78.8 183.6 31.8 236.5 160.8 31.2 114.6 31.2 236.5 APR 12.4 60.1 41.5 26.2 107.1 174.6 89.5 73.1 12.4 174.6 MAY 185.5 42.9 66.8 124.1 179.2 113 47.3 108.4 42.9 185.5 JUN 148 137.5 125 244.1 294 163.2 148.8 180.1 125 294 JUL 116.6 133.1 103.6 141.3 155.3 116.5 164.3 133.0 103.6 164.3 AUG 109.4 129.5 111.5 50.5 241 30.6 137.8 115.8 30.6 241 SEP 109.4 81.3 72.6 154.2 131.1 74.2 206.5 118.5 72.6 206.5 OCT 102.1 92.5 140.5 214.6 176.2 22.7 305.1 150.5 22.7 305.1 NOV 111.5 204.7 170 161.3 120.9 294.6 140.6 171.9 111.5 294.6 DEC 73.2 269.6 157.9 170.4 164.3 56.6 282.6 167.8 56.6 282.6 Total 1,210 1,258 1,399 1,529 2,273 1,464 1,675 1,544

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Bohol is not frequently visited by typhoons or cyclones. However, more recent tropical cyclone occurrences are more intense and slightly clustered in the central Philippines. Tracking of tropical cyclones from 1900 to 2013 (Figure 7) reflects this observation and likewise busted the myth that Mindanao never experienced any tropical cyclone before the most recent years.

Figure 7. Tropical Cyclone Tracks from 1944 - 2013

b. Temperature and Relative Humidity

The monthly mean air temperatures range from 26.5 ˚C to 28.7 ˚C, based recorded temperatures for the years from 1971 to 2000 (observed scenario). The annual average temperature is 27.7 ˚C, indicative of a fairly uniform temperature throughout the year. In the watershed, the air temperature can be considered low due to the mountains, the alignment of the area and the prevailing winds that tend to reduce the movement of warm air from the sea, promoting outflow from the watershed. The mean annual relative humidity recorded is 81.3% with monthly averages varying between 78 and 85%. Higher humidity is experienced from December to March.

2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050

68. The projected future changes in temperature and rainfall in 2020 and 2050 using data prepared by the PAGASA using the PRECIS model. In that assessment, the medium-range scenarios are within a planning horizon of up to 2050. Outputs of the model under the A1B and A2 scenarios will only diverge after 2050 due to the long lifetimes of the greenhouse gases. The outputs of the model run for the observed monthly, and changes in the monthly rainfall both in 2020 and 2050 based on climate scenarios.

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a. Rainfall

69. Figure 8 presents the projected change in monthly average rainfall (mm) under the medium-range emission scenario (A1B) in 2020 and 2050. Projected change anomalies were estimated as the difference from current or future periodic monthly average precipitation to the observed baseline period (1971-2000) monthly average precipitation values. The A1B scenario showed an overall increasing trend in the monthly precipitation particularly in June and December while consistently decreasing trend was noted during the months of January to April. In particular, the monthly precipitation fluctuated from month to month. However, the most distinct changes were predicted to be in the 2050s period where the month of October had indicated a potential increase of approximately 44 percent from the baseline precipitation period while noticeably decreased for the duration of January to April (up to -42%). The variability of the amount of precipitation is mainly attributed to the shorter dry-spell length during dry seasons. In effect, the dry season tends to become drier, while the wet season becomes wetter.

Figure 8. Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. b. Temperature

70. The projected change anomalies of mean temperature in the future estimated an increase of +0.8 °C (the present condition) up to +2.4 °C by the end of 2050s. The results revealed differences in temperature changes that are larger from the 2050s period. The increase in local-mean temperatures is between +0.8 to +1.2 °C in 2050s.

71. For temperature, Figures 9 shows the projected mean temperature scenarios based on the Tagbilaran weather station in the area.

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Figure 9. Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium- range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

H. Hydrology

72. The water bodies of the influence area are the Wahig Inabanga Watershed with catchment area of 762.5892, CAROOD Watershed with 188.2268 and SUDLON Watershed with 426.453 hectares (Figure 10).

I. Natural Hazards

73. There were only five typhoons/tropical storms that almost or directly crossed the path across the province since 1991. The latest two of which – tropical storms Seniang and Queenie (international names Jangmi and Sinlaku, respectively) both occurring in 2014 are most remembered due the extent of additional damage inflicted on the province after the devastating earthquake of 2013. Nevertheless, stronger typhoons affected the province and the five municipalities even if these were not within the vicinity of the province. These are typhoons/tropical storms either crossing from the Samar area and directly hitting Cebu and the western provinces or were over the northern Mindanao area, thereby affecting Bohol. Most notable of these are typhoon Nona (Melor, 2015), super typhoons Yolanda (Haiyan, 2013) and Pablo (Bopha, 2012), severe tropical storms Sendong (Washi, 2011) and Frank (Fengshen, 2008). Around 75% of these typhoons, especially the most devastating ones occurred in the last quarter of the year, notably November and December.

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Figure 10. Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province

J. Biological Environment

1. Flora

74. The Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed has a diverse forest ecosystem rich with different wildlife species both flora and fauna. As part of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL) protection of these types of wildlife was strengthened particularly in the barangays of Bugsoc, Canlangit, Magsaysay, Nan-od and San Isidro, Sierra Bullones.

75. In terms of flora for overstorey a total of 75 species belonging to 61 genera and 31 families were recorded. For understorey 81 species were recorded belonging to 65 genera and 36 families, while 182 species belonging to 152 genera and 68 families were identified for seedling and other ground vegetation

76. The common reforestation species used in the province are yemane (Gmelina arborea), large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), small-leaf mahogany (Swietenia microphylla), teak (Tectona grandis), auri (Acacia auricularformis) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp).

77. Overall, there are no trees and crops at the easement and right of way on the proposed road rehabilitation project. It must be noted that there are no endangered and critically endangered species of flora in the project area as observed by the local people and the team during the site visit on 19 July 2017. The proposed subproject is also about five (5) km away from Alijawan-Cansuhay-Anibongan Watershed Forest Reserve in Duero, Bohol.

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2. Fauna

78. Based on Wahig-Pamacsalan Watershed Management Plan (2018), the watershed has a total of 10 species of amphibians belonging to four (4) families, six (6) species for reptiles belonging to three (3) families, nine (9) species for aves belonging to seven (7) families and four (4) species for bats belonging to one (1) family. However, it must be pointed out that there are no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna along the proposed road access rehabilitation as observed by the local people and the team during the site visit on 19 July 2017.

79. There is only one prominent tribal group actively involved in forest conservation and ancestral domain management in the watershed. It is the ESKAYA Tribe of Brgy. Lundag, Pilar; Taytay, Duero and Canta-ub, Sierra Bullones. The indigenous peoples have strong affinity with the watershed as is linked to their spirituality, survival and identity. The ancestor of this tribe has unique practices that show their deep regard for their land; hence, the present leaders also imbibed strong determination in asserting their rights to protect the watershed from foreign interests and occupation meters.

K. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Population

80. Based on the 2015 Duero Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS), the influence area has a total population of 649 with a growth rate of 2.29%. Using this growth rate the projected population for the year 2020 will be 663 and by 2025, population will reach 670.

81. Given the 2015 total population of 649 and the total land area of the barangays of 536 hectares, the population density for 2015 is 0.43 persons per hectare. This density will only slightly increase to 0.46 and 0.56 persons per hectare for 2016 and 2025, respectively.

82. Barangay Taytay has a young population. The 6 to 12 age group has a total population of 114, which is about 17.5% of the total population of the three (3) barangays. The next highest population is in the 20-29 years old group, with 105 or 17.2% of the total population. It implies that the project area has relatively young population. Senior citizens (above 60 years old) are about 4.7% of the total population.

2. Water Supply

83. In Sitio Tinago and Pilpilon, all of the 108 households use spring as their source of drinking water. One hundred two (102) households in Purok Proper are connected to Level III water system which is 4% of the total number of households. Six percent of the total number of households have Level 2 water connection.

3. Indigenous Peoples

84. The Ancestral Land of the Visayan Eskaya Tribe covers 3,173 hectares and straddles in the boundaries of the municipalities of Pilar, Sierra Bullones, Duero and Guindulman in the Eastern and Central Bohol. More particularly they are in Barangays Lundag, Pilar; Canta-ub, Sierra Bullones; Taytay, Duero; and Biabas, Guindulman. Brgy Biabas however is not within the INREMP area.

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85. The Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road is within the ancestral domains of the Lundag Eskaya Tribe covered by CADC No. R7 CADC-14. Barangay Lundag have an aggregate total population of 813 individuals. Most of the residents of barangay Lundag are indigenous people (IPs) namely, Lundag Eskaya Tribe.

86. The main source of livelihood of IP in the barangay is mainly farming. Corn, Rice, Root Crops and vegetables, coconut and banana are farm produce planted in the area. Most of the IP women are engaged into selling vegetable and weaving. Poor road conditions especially during heavy rains prevent IPs from efficiently transporting their goods. When this road is impassable and unsafe delivery of basic social services, especially on health and education are restricted. Child and maternal death is high, immunization participation is very low, family planning practitioners is minimal and even minor services such as operation timbang, operation tuli and pre and post-natal care are low. School children population are discouraged to continue high school and college and at some instance elementary school participation rate decreases.

87. Local and traditional governance and leadership structures exist in these IP Barangay, the Barangay Council and Tribal Council in which the former is composed of elected representatives of local barangay headed by a Barangay Captain and the latter composed of Datus of Tribal Elders. Governed by customary traditions and practices, the IP is headed by a Chieftain. Land is owned by the community and each settler has a temporary right to use it through CADC ownership system where land is occupied.

4. Education

88. Barangay Taytay has one (1) Day Care Center and Elementary School. with a participation rate of 100%. It is important to note that there are many children of school age in the barangay. The elementary level has three (3) school buildings with six (6) classrooms which are accessible and newly rehabilitated.

5. Health and Sanitation

89. The sanitation of the barangay is of great importance to the residents. The manner of disposal of their garbage is done through dumping in individual open pits, composting and burying while others feed their excess food to the animals. The Clean-up drive is undertaken by the Barangay Council (BC) and the Tribal Community as their monthly "bayanihan" activity. In addition, the other members of the Barangay Council and Tribal Council have separate monthly schedule for their clean up drive. In terms of access to sanitary facilities, only about 4% has no access to sanitary facilities and these households are located in sitio Tinago and Pilpilon in barangay Taytay. More than half (55%) of the households in the influence area are using family planning methods.

6. Mortality and Morbidity

90. Based on the report from the Barangay and Municipal Health Office there’s no report of disease outbreaks, but there is only one case reported to have died of lung disease. The Municipal Nutrition Council declared the Taytay as one of the barangays with no malnourish children reported.

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7. Electricity

91. The electric power needs of the influence area are provided by the Bohol Electric Cooperative (BOHECO II). Unfortunately, there are still households that don’t have electric connection in the area. Out of 111 households, only 99 HHs have electric power connection.

8. Communication

92. Mails and other forms of physical communication are coursed through the Municipal Postal Office. The Barangay has no handheld radios for emergency purposes. The main communication to the barangay is through the 117 Emergency Calls from the Area Coordinating Center at the Duero PNP Station. Only 99 residents have mobile phones.

9. Income and Expenditure

93. The influence area is dependent on the two main sources of revenue for the barangays. One is the Tax Revenue which includes the real property taxes and the other one is from the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA).

94. Baranagay Taytay has the lowest average annual income per household of only PhP 18,505.64, while Taytay appears to have the highest average annual income per household of PhP 58,259.50. Barangay Taytay has an average annual income per household of PhP 38,382.57.

10. Tourism

95. The Eskaya Culture Community in Barangay Taytay is also considered as an eco- tourism zone where the unique culture of the tribe which has been preserved for more than a hundered years can still be observed. The Eskaya is an indigenous tribe found in the hinterlands of the towns of Duero, Guindulman, Pilar and Sierra Bullones, Bohol’s southeast interior. The settlement of this tribe is at Biabas, Guindulman, established in the early 20th century by one Mariano Datahan who died in the 1949.

11. Commerce and Industry

96. The prime products of the barangays in the influence area include vegetables, root crops, corn and rice. The people of the barangays also rely on forest products such as rattan and abaca to augment their income. The forest products are made into baskets and other handicrafts and are sold at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Aside from rattan and abaca, the women of the barangays also propagate wild orchids, anthurium and other ornamental plants that they also sell to customers in the urban center.

97. More than half (52%) of the total working age population are farmers. Wage and salary workers include government workers such as teachers, health and nutrition workers and barangay council members and those employed in private instittutions or commercial establishments.

12. Road and Transportation

98. The influence area is 9.8 km. from the Duero town proper. The main mode of transportation to and from the influence area is by means of motorcycles (habal-habal/skylab). In Taytay there is one public utility jeepney (PUJ) that travels to and from Duero.

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V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

99. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of the access road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way.

100. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

101. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

102. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will not involve widening and alignment adjustments (Table 8). Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

Table 8. Potential environmental impacts of the subproject Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subgrade Aggregate sub base Concrete Subproject construction would likely create: preparation course pavement Land surface disturbance – surface scrapping, top soil minor minor minor erosion, and vegetative clearing Affects temporal water regime: decrease water quantity minor minor minor and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion Altered or impaired hydrology of the immediate area: minor minor minor increase peak and flood flows and irregular streamflow Decrease in downstream natural resources’ economic and minor minor minor social values/uses Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing some minor minor minor geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or international nature none none none conservation importance Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), none none none particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance. Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or rare none none none diseases Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of grassfire none none none Contamination of the immediate and/or broader minor minor minor environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works

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Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subgrade Aggregate sub base Concrete Subproject construction would likely create: preparation course pavement Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health and moderate moderate moderate livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase Excessive solid waste accumulation during infrastructure minor minor minor construction Increase in noise and/or vibration during construction minor minor minor Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and none none none fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area Natural landscape fragmentation and discontinuity minor minor minor Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of minor minor minor agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on) Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known traditional experience associated to minor minor minor site natural setting Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its minor minor minor surrounding area -from different vantage points Rating: None= No adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=severe negative impact with duration more than a year or permanent with far reaching spatial range

103. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

104. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

105. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done

106. Identification and prioritization of road sections will be give information and participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

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3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

107. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

108. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers

109. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

110. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re- suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

111. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

112. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which will result to damage landscape. However, it must be noted that the needed right of ways are clear of crops, trees, and agricultural products. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

3. Soil erosion

113. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities in high slope areas should be taken up only during dry season.

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114. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road

115. During ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial and aquatic resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement)

116. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening and realignments), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement activities.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

117. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

118. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

119. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 2) secure appropriate environmental permits, 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray

29 animals, and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

120. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

121. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Construction drainage system

122. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

11. Water quality

123. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

124. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

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125. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 12) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

126. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). The contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

127. Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation (mainly grasses) at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance (mainly grasses, not trees). Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

128. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damage to properties

129. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

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16. Concrete washout

130. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

17. Use of hazardous wastes

131. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety

132. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

133. The rehabilitation of the access road will directly increase delivery of agricultural products, access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. However, other potential impacts include increased risk of accident or injury, exploitation of natural resources in the area, and unplanned urbanization. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Duero and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively

32 implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

134. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A public consultation was conducted at Barangay Hall of Taytay on June 21, 2017. The consultation was attended by IP Leaders, Brgy. Officials and local government unit of Duero.

135. During these consultations, the proponent with technical assistance of consultant has made presentation of the Sub-project describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows (Table 9 and Appendix 1). Overall, it was confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development.

136. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are not anticipating any negative impact of the subproject to the environment though one of the respondents mentioned that the road might be a corridor for illegal loggers to access the forest land so he suggested an intensified barangay patrolling during the operation phase of the access road.

137. The influence barangay conducted a barangay consultation where they discussed priority projects of their barangay (Appendix 2). Consistent with the site validation result conducted, the sub-project was assessed to unlikely cause significant adverse impact on the environment; in fact, the subproject is identified by the community members to improve the status of the environment as it will serve as a corridor in mitigating forest fires in the area.

138. With the involvement of the LGU in the sub-project activities of INREMP particularly in the implementation of rural infrastructure support facilities, they dedicated time and effort in participating with orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Indeed, a municipal resolution was crafted affirming the interest of the local government unit to apply, negotiate, avail financing grant from the INREMP of the DENR thru the municipal development fund office, and undertake other acts necessary for the effective implementation of the access road (Appendix 3).

139. Meanwhile, Eskaya Tribe and IPO endorsed the proposed the road rehabilitation Access Road for inclusion to INREMP rural infrastructure component (Appendix 4).

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Table 9. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Taytay, Duero Date of Consultation: July 19, 2017 Venue: Barangay Hall of Taytay, Duero Total number of participants: 121 Group represented: Barangay residents (most are Eskaya tribe members), LGU representatives, PPMO/PENRO, CESM Project Support Questions Responses Presented by Engr. Cesar Salazar, MPDC, Duero LGU.

Before he tackled the design of the proposed subprojects, Engr. Salazar briefly gave an update on the on-going INREMP activities in the area – ANR and Agroforestry.

The LGU has two (2) proposed RI subprojects – rehabilitation of access road and water system in Taytay, Duero. Estimated subproject cost of the 2 proposed subprojects is 14.7M, of this amount 20% (roughly 2.9M) will be shouldered by the LGU as counterpart. Taytay was identified as beneficiaries because it is the only barangay of the municipality that falls under the jurisdiction of Wahig-Inabanga River Basin. Profile of the

Subproject Engr. Salazar explained the scope, design considerations and engineering design of the proposed subprojects. Rehabilitation of Access Road  Engr. Salazar set the discussion by providing location references (start and end points) of the proposed subproject.  Road stretch: 2km  Proposed development: Concreting of 3-m wide carriage way. 15cm thickness.  Major scope of works: Grading, base preparation, concreting

The following are the responses of the participants when asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject: Rehabilitation of Access Road  Ease of transport of agricultural produce  Defects on agricultural produce incurred during transport will be prevented Benefits  Reduction of road maintenance cost  Access to Lundag, Pilar where farms are also located  Faster delivery of basic healthcare  Better enforcement of environmental protection initiatives

 Distribution lines end at the boundary of Sitio TInago and Taytay proper. A resident shared that built area in Sitio Tinago is a little farther from the boundary and thus the water system wouldn’t be much of a help. Engr. Salazar recommended that TInago residents, thru the BLGU, could use the old pipes and connect these pipes to the water system.  Concerning the use of electric pump to transmit water from source to reservoir, a resident expressed his concern that it might cause an increase in water tariff. Engr. Salazar assured the residents that although the tariff might increase, it would not be too high since pumping of water will not too frequent. Questions  A participant asked who will implement the subprojects. Engr. Villones explained that funds will be downloaded to the LGU. The LGU will also stand as the bidding entity. Engr. Salazar added that during the public bidding Eskaya leaders and members of the barangay council will be invited.  A resident asked if there is a possibility that residents will be hired as laborer’s. Engr. Salazar assured the participants that the LGU would include local hiring as one condition in the bid documents.

Engr. Salazar asked if the residents affirm the design. The residents expressed no opposition on the presented design.

Anticipated Effects Rehabilitation of Access Road Pre-, During, Post-  Before

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Date of Consultation: July 19, 2017 Venue: Barangay Hall of Taytay, Duero Total number of participants: 121 Group represented: Barangay residents (most are Eskaya tribe members), LGU representatives, PPMO/PENRO, CESM Project Support Questions Responses Subproject o Entry of equipment and contractor personnel, delivery of materials. Road Implementation may become muddy due to frequent passage of heavy equipment o Participants see no problem with the abovementioned scenario.  During o 3m carriage way, 1m shouldering both sides o Participants affirm no plants and trees are situated within the 5m roadway  After o LGU to come up with a sustainability plan (Community to initiate. MLGU to facilitate.) o Motorcycle riders may overspeed. A participant suggested that the BLGU should pass an ordinance limiting the speed of vehicles o O & M. Monthly community cleaning (locally called boluntaryo) is being done. Barangay has allocation for O&M for road maintenance.

Mr. Teruel reiterated the discussion earlier which relates to social safeguards. The Social safeguards participants reaffirmed that there are no structures, plants and trees situated within the 5m roadway.

B. Information Disclosure

140. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Duero, Bohol and the affected Barangay office, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

• The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and

• Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

141. The Local Government Unit of Duero has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable

35 level.

142. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

a. Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

b. Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

c. Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

143. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration, and the IP Chieftain and IP Mandatory Representative, which also takes care of resolving disputes relating to the indigenous people residing in the Sitio Tinago and Sitio Pilpilon, Taytay.

144. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the PPCO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities before start of civil works.

145. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 5). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

146. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; (ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and

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(vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

147. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

Grievance Among IPs

148. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

149. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 10.

Table 10. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibilities LGU of Duero, Bohol • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation • Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP • Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations • Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works

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Agency Responsibilities • Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements • Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns • Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

PPMO and WMPCO • Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP • Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB • Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB • Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

TA - PMIC and NPCO • . Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance • As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP • Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions • Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP • Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. EMB - DENR • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government • Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project • Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed • Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

150. Table 11 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Pre-Construction Phase Confirmation of no No negative  Conducted Consultation required resettlement, environmental meetings with barangay officials relocations, and impacts and concerned POs’ officers and WMPCO compensation members LGU of Duero PPMO  Conducted information awareness campaign regarding subproject location Identification and Lack of information Subproject sites validation with prioritization of road and/or low following conditions: section where re- participation of the  ensure that the INREMP gravelling will be done community, validation process on subproject particularly women implementation is being complied WMPCO and marginalized with LGU of Duero PPMO sectors  hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan Preparation of detailed Minimize negative Work with LGU RI Engineer for the engineering designs and environmental completion of the proposed programs of work for the impacts upgraded access road detailed subproject designs and to ensure the following measures are included:  identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites; WMPCO LGU of Duero  locate aggregate borrow pits and PPMO rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;  for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities Recruitment of workers Gender  Hire local workers as much as LGU of discrimination and possible, and give equal privilege Duero / tendency to recruit for women to get involved in Contractor WMPCO outsiders selected tasks appropriate for PPMO them Construction Phase Construction materials Pollution, injury,  Procure construction Contractor LGU of Part of the acquisition, transport interrupted usual materials from sources with Duero / contractor’ access, and storage road use, disrupted valid environmental WMPCO s contract system access, noise PPMO clearances, i.e. for sand,

gravel and timber from those with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.  All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.  Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites.  Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.  Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.  All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.  All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.  After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.  Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.  Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.  Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.  All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and removal of Damage landscape  Restrict vegetation removal to Contractor LGU of Part of the obstructions within RoWs. Duero / contractor’  In case, no trees will be removed WMPCO s contract without prior approval of PPMO concerned government agency.  The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.  Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.  All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.  Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques. Soil erosion High suspended  Berms, and plastic sheet Contractor LGU of Part of the solid contents of fencing should be placed Duero / contractor’ river, around all excavations and WMPCO s contract sedimentation. earthwork areas. PPMO  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Protect exposed or cut slopes

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.  minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,  prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and  If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Ground surface leveling Degradation of  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the and gravelling of terrestrial and located away from forested or Duero / contractor’ existing road aquatic resources, plantation areas as much as WMPCO s contract and decreased possible. PPMO water quality  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.  Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes. Civil works (Concrete Air pollution, land  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the Pavement) and water located away from forested or Duero / contractor’ contamination, and plantation areas as much as WMPCO s contract traffic & access possible. PPMO problems,  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implementation of noise Noise, Dust, Air  Regularly apply wetting agents Contractor LGU of Part of the and dust control Pollution to exposed soil and Duero / contractor’ measure construction roads. WMPCO s contract  Cover or keep moist all PPMO stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.  Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.  As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc.  Maintain equipment in proper working condition  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.  Construct temporary noise barriers. Dust and noise from Noise, Dust  provision of noise control Contractor LGU of Part of the borrow pits measures to comply with Duero / contractor’ national standards, watering of WMPCO s contract the earth roads close to the PPMO settlements, use covered truck,  secure appropriate environmental permits,  the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and  protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits. Implementation of spoil Contamination of  Uncontaminated spoil to be Contractor LGU of Part of the management and land and surface disposed of in government – Duero / contractor’ control measure waters from designated sites, which must WMPCO s contract excavated spoil, never be in or adjacent surface PPMO and construction waters. Designated sites must be waste clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government – designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.  Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.  Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity. Solid and liquid Contamination of  Management of general solid and Contractor LGU of Part of the construction waste land and surface liquid waste of construction will Duero / contractor’ management system waters from follow government regulations to WMPCO s contract construction waste include covering, collecting, PPMO handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.  Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.  Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.  Construction sites should have large garbage bins.  A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.  Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations.  Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)  Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.  All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan. Construction drainage Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor LGU of Part of the system and rain water drainage away from construction Duero / contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and WMPCO s contract flooding. PPMO  Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Water quality Water and soil  Set up proper and adequate Contractor  SPMU Part of the sanitary facilities, PPMO Contractor’  Ensure strict observance of s contract proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,  Provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and  Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.  The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Implement construction Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor  SPMU Part of the drainage system and rain water drainage away from construction  PPMO Contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and s contract flooding.  Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Workers health, safety Land and people  proper fencing, protective Contractor  SPMU Part of the and hygiene barriers, and buffer zones should  PPMO Contractor’ be provided around all s contract construction sites,  sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,  worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,  provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,  the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,  standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,  worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,  appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,  adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,  drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,  sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and  all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Traffic safety and Road accidents Throughout the construction period, Contractor LGU of Part of the management the contractor will ensure that Duero / contractor’ affected people are provided WMPCO s contract adequate and safe access to PPMO properties (structures, land, etc.). All construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers,

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works. Ecological environment Minor vegetation  Construction vehicles will operate Contractor LGU of Part of the (Flora and Fauna) loss within the corridor of impact to Duero / contractor’ avoid damaging soil and WMPCO s contract vegetation. PPMO  Avoid soil compaction around trees. Generally the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip- line' of a tree.  In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of concerned government agency.  The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works.  No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site.  Workers shall be prohibited from hunting/trapping wildlife. Damaged to properties Land The contractor will immediately Contractor  SPMU Part of the repair and/or compensate for any  PPMO Contractor’ damage that it causes to properties s contract (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Concrete washout Soil and water The Contractor shall 1) collect and Contractor  SPMU Part of the contamination retain all the concrete washout water  PPMO Contractor’ and solids in leak proof containers, s contract so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and refueling Contractor  SPMU Part of the Substances water will be confined to areas in  PPMO Contractor’ construction sites designed (with s contract concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances

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Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas. Public safety People  installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites,  provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,  deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,  imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and  orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase Operation of upgraded Increased risk of  Set speed limit when passing LGU of Duero WMPCO Part of the access road accident or injury, through populated area PPMO proponents air pollution and  Provide appropriate warning signs DENR obligation noise. and lighting  Regular removal of debris, logs Obstruction of run- and other materials along off along drainage drainage canals to avoid clogging canals causing run-  Regular vegetation control along off overflow leading run-off area to ensure free flow to erosion of the  Ensure that existing road environmental management policies are effectively Exploitation of implemented and proper natural resources coordination involves different in the area agencies.  Adherence to land use and Unplanned zoning regulations urbanization  Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the Increased delivery local and nationwide venue. of agricultural products

Tourism

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C. Environmental Monitoring

151. Tables 12 and 13 present the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and SSE. The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

152. The ESS during project implementation will be required organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

Table 12. Community level construction monitoring form. COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Sub-project Name: Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Attained (Yes, No, Compliance or Partial) 1

2

3

Recommendation/s:

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Signature: Date:

Table 13. Environmental Monitoring Plan Activities Location Means of Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Unit Cost Pre- Construction Completion of Final location Review of the SPD Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP the Sub-Project of the NOL WMPCO, Project Cost Documents subproject PPCO with SSS and ESS, ADB Completion of Final location Review of detailed Prior to approval of SPMO, INREMP detailed of the design detailed design WMPCO, Project Cost engineering subproject documentation PPCO with design in SSS and accordance with ESS, ADB EMP requirements Completion of Final location Confirm IEE report Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP social and of the and disclosed to NOL WMPCO, Project Cost environmental subproject the public PPCO with safeguards SSS and ESS, ADB Establishment of Final location Confirm GRM is Prior to start of site SPMO, INREMP grievance of the established and works WMPCO, Project Cost redress subproject disclosed to the PPCO with mechanism public SSS and ESS Construction Implementation As indicated in Site visit, ocular Monthly and as part SPMU, INREMP of construction IEE EMP Table inspections, of regular project WMPCO, Project Cost phase 23 for specific interviews with supervision PPMO, NCIP environmental mitigation local residents, with SSS and mitigation measures coordination with Random checks and ESS measures (e.g., concerned to validate complaints specified in IEE subproject barangay/s EMP road, borrow sites, construction/ workers’ camps, air and noise, water contamination and others)

153. The NPCO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by NPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

 Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);

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 Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;  Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;  Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;  Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);  If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;  Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;  Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;  Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;  Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response;  Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;  Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

 Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Sub-project.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

154. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 2 km roads and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the Project.

155. Rural infrastructures like roads, arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Duero, Bohol, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

156. The Rehabilitation of the Access Road project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities, and supporting the NRM project activities of the constituents, thus supporting the developing economy of Duero, cascading benefits to the entire province.

157. Hence, the Project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

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B. Recommendation

158. The main goal of the project is to support the NRM activities of POs. However, the end goal of the sub-project is to provide an all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions and uplifts the quality of life of the inhabitants, especially the constituents.

159. The project will have a direct benefit of savings in transportation cost of agricultural and non - agricultural products, savings of passenger transportation expense and increase Net Value Added from the agricultural production as more farmlands will be utilized due to access to market and trade and the corollary increase in agricultural productivity growth, because of the availability of appropriate technologies to farmers. In addition, indirect will also be experienced especially people who are near the project site. Some of the indirect benefits is creation of jobs in the influence areas and improve economic situation of the influence barangays, good transportation for all women and children in going to public premises like schools, market and hospitals and increase farm produce and increase number of cultivated lands near the road.

160. The performance indicators that the project will be effective to the influences area are on socioeconomic, agricultural and environmental specifically reduce transportation cost, high agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost and high Non-Agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost. Whereas, performance indicators that the project will be effective to the NRM site will be increase production of farmlands, increase number of hectares cultivated lands and easier access to transport inputs from market to farm

161. The Rehabilitation of Tinago-Pilpilon Access Road will boost the economic activities of the influence area which is currently experiencing stagnation due mainly to inaccessibility. With the project, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. This will entice the community to gradually eliminate economic activities in the Forest Protection Zone, and instead, concentrating their activities in the Forest Production Zone of the WMA. In this way, the people will become the guardian of the natural resources of the upper slopes of the WMA guaranteeing stable supply of water and other natural resources in the lower portion of the watershed.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1. Public Consultation of Project Beneficiaries in LGUs with Proposed RI Subprojects

PUBLIC CONSULTATION OF PROJECT BENEFICIARIES IN LGUs WITH PROPOSED RI SUBPROJECTS Taytay Barangay Hall, Taytay, Duero July 19, 2017

In attendance were: Barangay residents (most are Eskaya tribe members), LGU representatives, PPMO/PENRO, CESM Project Support Prayer  Kagawad Francisco Baja

Opening Remarks  Punong barangay Edgardo L. Bagotsay

Purpose of activity Engr. Lily Villones gave a rundown of the consultation agenda:  Presentation of proposed RI subprojects of Duero LGU  Identify and specify anticipated issues and concerns that may borne before, during, and after subproject implementation  Solicit measures to resolve these issues and concerns

Profile of subprojects Presented by Engr. Cesar Salazar, MPDC, Duero LGU. Before he tackled the design of the proposed subprojects, Engr. Salazar briefly gave an update on the on-going INREMP activities in the area – ANR and Agroforestry. The LGU has two (2) proposed RI subprojects – rehabilitation of access road and water system in Taytay, Duero. Estimated subproject cost of the 2 proposed subprojects is 14.7M, of this amount 20% (roughly 2.9M) will be shouldered by the LGU as counterpart. Taytay was identified as beneficiaries because it is the only barangay of the municipality that falls under the jurisdiction of Wahig-Inabanga River Basin. Engr. Salazar explained the scope, design considerations and engineering design of the proposed subprojects. Rehabilitation of Access Road  Engr. Salazar set the discussion by providing location references (start and end points) of the proposed subproject.  Road stretch: 2km  Proposed development: Concreting of 3-m wide carriage way. 15cm thickness.  Major scope of works: Grading, base preparation, concreting

Rehabilitation of Level II Water System  Beneficiaries: Site validation of the proposed subproject has only identified the residents of Taytay proper as beneficiaries. Subproject scope has been extended to include Sitio Tinago as a result of the INREMP Technical Bulletin No. 1-2, Amendment on the RI Technical Guidelines. Sitio Tinago is not under the jurisdiction of Wahig-Inabanga River Basin.  Major works: Construction of intake box, re-routing of pipe line from source to reservoir, construction of additional reservoir

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 Construction of intake box. In the existing water system, a pipe was only mounted to the spring to fetch the water. This pipe distributes water from source to reservoir. However, approximately 50% of the spring water is not caught by the pipe. The LGU proposed to construct an intake box in the spring to catch more of the spring water.  Re-routing of pipes. Existing pipe line that stretches 564m from source to reservoir follows the terrain of the rice paddies. Terrain is uneven (steep and downhill) thus slowing down water distribution. Proposal would re-route the pipelines. The pipes would no longer pass through the rice paddies but traverse along the foot of an adjacent hill to the source.  Construction of reservoir. Existing reservoir is located 564m from source. Transmission of water to the reservoir requires more pressure particularly because of the distance and the terrain to which the pipes follow. The LGU proposes the construction of new reservoir on the same hill where the pipes will be re-routed. Location of new reservoir is roughly 200m away from the source. The site of the new reservoir is on the same elevation as the old reservoir to ensure that water transmission will not be hampered. Existing reservoir is condemned in the proposed subproject. However, Engr. Salazar recommended that the residents could still use the existing reservoir as storage of water.  Distribution lines and tap stands. From the reservoir, transmission lines to built-up areas within the barangay will be installed. Tap stands in these built-up areas will be constructed. Water distribution reaches up to the agroforestry sites.  Pipe size: From source to reservoir – 4-inch GI pipes; reservoir to tap stands – 3-inch GI pipes

Questions  Distribution lines end at the boundary of Sitio TInago and Taytay proper. A resident shared that built area in Sitio Tinago is a little farther from the boundary and thus the water system wouldn’t be much of a help. Engr. Salazar recommended that TInago residents, thru the BLGU, could use the old pipes and connect these pipes to the water system.  Concerning the use of electric pump to transmit water from source to reservoir, a resident expressed his concern that it might cause an increase in water tariff. Engr. Salazar assured the residents that although the tariff might increase, it would not be too high since pumping of water will not too frequent.  A participant asked who will implement the subprojects. Engr. Villones explained that funds will be downloaded to the LGU. The LGU will also stand as the bidding entity. Engr. Salazar added that during the public bidding Eskaya leaders and members of the barangay council will be invited.  A resident asked if there is a possibility that residents will be hired as labourers. Engr. Salazar assured the participants that the LGU would include local hiring as one condition in the bid documents.

Engr. Salazar asked if the residents affirm the design. The residents expressed no opposition on the presented design. Perceived benefits The following are the responses of the participants when asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject: Rehabilitation of Access Road  Ease of transport of agricultural produce  Defects on agricultural produce incurred during transport will be prevented  Reduction of road maintenance cost

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 Access to Lundag, Pilar where farms are also located  Faster delivery of basic healthcare  Better enforcement of environmental protection initiatives

Rehabilitation of Level II Water System  Stable water supply for domestic use

Anticipated Effects Pre-, During, Post- Subproject Implementation Dialogue focused on the impacts of subproject implementation – pre-construction, construction, and post-construction phases – as identified by the residents. Rehabilitation of Access Road  Before o Entry of equipment and contractor personnel, delivery of materials. Road may become muddy due to frequent passage of heavy equipment o Participants see no problem with the abovementioned scenario.  During o 3m carriage way, 1m shouldering both sides o Participants affirm no plants and trees are situated within the 5m roadway  After o LGU to come up with a sustainability plan (Community to initiate. MLGU to facilitate.) o Motorcycle riders may overspeed. A participant suggested that the BLGU should pass an ordinance limiting the speed of vehicles o O & M. Monthly community cleaning (locally called boluntaryo) is being done. Barangay has allocation for O&M for road maintenance.

Rehabilitation of Level II Water System  Before o The residents see no problem prior subproject implementation.  During o The residents see no problem during subproject implementation.  After o The residents are concerned on the possible increase in monthly water fee. o Management of water system. Engr. Salazar encouraged the community to come up with a management plan for the water system. He added that the MLGU would not have a share of the water tariff.

Social safeguards Mr. Teruel reiterated the discussion earlier which relates to social safeguards. The participants reaffirmed that there are no structures, plants and trees situated within the 5m roadway.

Prepared by: Attested by:

KATLEEN P. MANLANGIT LILY M. VILLONES Project Assistant, CESM Asst. Provincial Focal-RI, PPMO

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PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

Figure 1. Some of the participants of the consultation.

Figure 2. Engr. Salazar illustrates the pipe routes of the proposed water system Figure 3. Engr. Villones explains the purpose of the activity.

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ATTENDANCE SHEETS

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58

59

60

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Appendix 2. Barangay Resolution

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Appendix 3. SB Resolution

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Appendix 4. Joint Resolution between the Barangay Council and Tribal Council Accepting the Program Granted by INREMP for the ESKAYA Community at Barangay Taytay, Duero, Bohol

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Appendix 5: Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male □ Female Home Address Age Phone No. City/Province Email Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

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How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer): Date received:

Received through: __ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case: Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)

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