1984
- __•B VOL 31 NO. 2 NOI'Wellnu Journal of EntomolOlY
PUBUS ED o K ZOOILO(i,ISK mlSSlDmrrslEN'llll __ 1..0 Fauna norvegica Ser. B Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomologisk Forenings tidsskrift
Appears with one volume (two issues) annually 75,-. Disse innbetalinger sendes til NZT, Zoologisk Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. Museum, Sarsgt. J, Oslo 5. Editor-in-Chief (Ansvarlig redaktor) Postgiro 2 34 83 65. Ole A. Srether. Museum of Zoology, Museplass 3 5000 Bergen. FAUNA NORVEGICA B publishes original new in formation generally relevant to Norwegian entomo Editorial Committee (Redaksjonskomite) logy. The journal emphasizes papers which are main Arne Nilssen, Zoological Dept.. Troms0 Museum, ly faunistical or zoogeographical in scope or con N-9000 Troms0, John O. Solem, DKNVS Museel. tent, including checklists, faunallists, type catalogues Erling Skakkes gt. 47B, N-7000 Trondheim, Alberl and regional keys. Submissions must not have been Ulleharnmer, Zoological Museum, Sal'S gt. I, previously published or copyrighted and must not be 0562 Oslo 5. published subsequently except in abstract form or by Subscription written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. 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ISSN 0332-7698 Fauna (Norsk Zoologisk Forening) har gatt ut av Norsk Zoologisk TidsskriftsentraL Avtalen om gjensidig reduserte abonnementpriser pl\ foreningens tidsskrifter vii for fremtiden derfor bare gjelde melJom Norsk Entomologisk Forening og Norsk Ornitologisk Forening. Collembola from Jan Mayen, Bjornoya and Hopen with additions to the species list from Spitsbergen ARNE FJELLBERG Fjellberg, A. 1984. Collembola from lan Mayen, Bj0rn0ya and Hopen with additions to the species list from Spitsbergen. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 31, 69-76. Some new collections from the arctic islands of Norway are reported. 28 species were col lected from lan Mayen, 24 at Bj0rn0ya and 12 at Hopen. The fauna of the islands is domina ted by Holarctic species, of which Hypogastrura sp. near sensilis (Folsom), Wil/emia similis Mills, Folsomia stella Grow & Christiansen and F. taimyrica Martynova are reported for the first time from the European arctic. 1sotomina gracilis Stach, 1962 is transfered to Folsomia and made senior synonym of Folsomia alpha Grow & Christiansen, 1976. Onychiurus ursi n.sp. is described (HolarcticJ and Onychiurus groenlandicus (Tullberg. 1876) is redescribed (HolarcticJ. Several corrections and additions are made to the species list from Spitsbergen, and 47 species are recognised from the island. Arne Fjellberg, Department of Zoology, Troms0 Museum, N-9000 Troms0, Norway. INTRODUCTION In August 1983 Ola Skifte from Troms0 Mu The European arctic islands have been visited seum visited Bj0rn0ya and brought back 24 by numerous scientific expeditions, and the col large soil/vegetation samples from a number of lembole fauna is fairly well known. In spite of different habitats. At the same time Fritz Ri this, the last few years have brought to light a chardsen (Troms0 Museum) collected a few (6) number of species previously not reported from samples from mainly grass/ moss vegetation at the islands. This is partly due to taxonomic refi Hopen. These samples were extracted in Troms0 nement, but also because of more extensive field after 4- 5 weeks storage in a fridge. The mate collections. Valpas (1967) gave a synopsis of the rial is kept at Troms0 Museum. literature on Collembola from Spitsbergen In August 1973 an expedition from Zoologi which has the most extensive record list. Infor cal Museum in Bergen (S.A. Bengtsson, T. Sol mation on the smaller islands are more scatte h0Y and A. Fjellberg) investigated the soil fauna red. Gisin (I 95'3) and Macfadyen (I 954) !iumma around Ny AIesund, Spitsbergen. A number of rise the available information on Jan Mayen. large samples from all major plant communities Reports on Collembola from Bj0rn0ya are were extracted in situ. Here are reported only found in Carpenter & Phillips (I 922) and Sum those species not listed by Valpas (I 967). The merhayes & Elton (1923). A few species are material is kept at Troms0 Museum. published from Hopen by Linnaniemi (I 935). The present paper does not aim on giving a complete list of species from the above islands, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION but only reports the species present in some re· The species present in the collections from Jan cent collections that has been sent me for identi Mayen, Bj0rn0ya and Hopen are listed in Table fication. I. Most of the 40 species have a wide distribu tion in northern parts of the Holarctic Region. A significant element of European or Palaearctic MATERIAL species are present, but some of these are poorly During June/July 1972 a Danish expedition vi known. A few species which are present in Bj0r sited Jan Mayen and Klaus Vestergaard collec n0ya and / or Jan Mayen are so far not seen from ted a large number of Berlese samples from var Spitsbergen and may represent more southern ious plant communities. In addition pitfall traps elements of the fauna (Isotomiella minor, Iso were used. The material is kept at Zoological toma olivaceaJ. Likewise, some of the common Museum, Copenhagen. Spitsbergen species were not found in the pre Fauna norv. Ser. B. 3/: 69-76. Oslo 1984. 69 Table 1. H: Holarctic, P: Palaearctic Jan Mayen Bjornoya Hopen H Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872) x x H H. (Ceratophysella) succinea (Gisin, 1949) x x x H Willemia scandinavica Stach, 1949 x x H W. similis Mills, 1934 x H W. anophthalma Borner, 1901 x H Xenylla humicola (Fabricius, 1780) x x x H Micranurida pygmaea Borner, 1901 x x x H Anurida polaris (Hammer, 1954) x x x P Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg, 1876) x x H O. groenlandicus (Tullberg, 1876) ? x x H O. ursi Fjellberg, 1984 x x H O. duplopunctatus Strenzke, 1954 x P O. macfadyeni Gisin, 1953 x x H Tullbergia arctica Wahlgren, 1900 x H T. simplex Gisin, 1958 x P T. tenuisensillata (Rusek, 1974) x x P T. jirii (Rusek, 1982) x H T. macrochaeta (Rusek, 1976) x H Tetracanthella arctica Cassagnau, 1959 x H Pseudanurophorus binoculatus Kseneman, 1934 x H P. inoculatus Bodvarsson, 1957 x H Folsomia bisetosa Gisin, 1953 x x H F. gracilis (Stach, 1962) x H F. quadrioculata (Tullberg, 1871) x x x H F. sexoculata (Tullberg, 1871) x x x H F. stella Grow & Christiansen, 1976 x H F. taimyrica Martynova et al.,1973 x H Isotomiella minor (Schaffer, 1896) x H Archisotoma besselsi (Packard, 1877) x P A. megalops (Bagnall, 1939) x P A. theae Fjellberg, 1979 x H Agrenia bidenticulata (Tullberg, 1876) x H Isotoma notabil is Schaffer, 1896 x x H 1. angl icana Lubbock, 1862 x x H 1. nanseni Fjellberg, 1973 x x H I. neglecta Schaffer, 1900 x P I. olivacea Tullberg, 1871 x H Neelus minimus (Willem, 1900) x H Arrhopal ites principal is Stach, 1945 x P Sminthurinus concolor (Meiner, 1896) x 40 28 24 12 70 sent material and may represent more northern Description forms (Friesea quinquespinosa, Hypogastrura Colour pure white. longispina), However, a detailed discussion of Body size 1.3 mm. biogeography of the collembole fauna of this Body shape slender, cylindrical. Abd. 6 from above area is still premature. short, semicircular (Fig. 2). Ant. 3 organ with 5 long, finger-like papillae, 5 guard setae and two rugose sense clubs. The lateral one cur ved, much larger than the other. Comments and taxonomical remarks Ant. 1 with 8 setae. PAD rather irregular, with 2, 3 or 4 lobes, about a), Willemia similis Mills is a Holarctic species twice as wide as diameter of nearest pseudocellus that has been confused with anophthalma (Fig. 3). (Bbrner) (Fjellberg 1984 a). Maxilla not studied in detail, but apparently of nor b), Anurida polaris (Hammer) (= frigida Fjell mal shape. Outer lobe with two sublobal hairs. berg, 1973) is also a common Holarctic spe Dorsal ps.oc. 32/133/33343. Subcoaxe I-I-I. Head cies (Fjellberg 1984 a). Previous records of A. with 2 + 2 ventral. remyi Denis - possibly also A. granaria (Ni Body hairs short, fine. Macrochaetae hardly differen colet) - from the arctic islands probably re tiated. Abd. 5 with ml subequal to or shorter than PI , apex curved, pointed. Setae PI and al thicker than fer to this species. m 1, blunt-tipped, erect{Fig. 2). Unpaired median seta c). Onychiurus ursi n.sp. Figs. I - 3. Within the sometimes present in front ofm I-m I. Lateral micro Holaretic region there are a number of un· sensilla present on Th. 2, absent on Th. 3 (Fig. il. Th. derscribed species which fit more or less to 2- 3 with I + I or 2 + 2 (3,4) ventral setae, number the broad consepts of the classical groenlan quite variable. Body granulation fine, except on Abd. dicus of Tullberg (1876). The present O. ursi 6 which is strikingly coarser than anterior tergites. n.sp. is one of the best marked and is descri Claws without visible teeth. Unguiculus lamellate. bed below. about 2/3 of claw inner length. Tenent hairs acumi nate. Furca reduced to a smalll1ap. Anal spines slen der, pointed, curved and subequal to length of claw 3. Male ventral organ absent. Males generally pre Type locality: Norway. Hopen, at Radio Station sent. (76°30'N, 24°4'E). Type material: Holotype: Female (slide in Gisin medi um), labelled «Norway. Hopen Radio Station. Discussion 12.VIII. 1983. Moss. F. Richardsen leg.», deposited at Troms0 Museum, Norway. Paratypes: 17 (7 slide, The new species differs from all other forms of the 10 ale.) from the holotype sample. 15 (6 slide, 9 alc.) groenlandicus group examined so far, by absence of from «Norway. Bj0rn0ya. Besstj0rnene: 21.VIII. the lateral microsensilla on Th. 3. The relative small 1983. Turf, moss & lichens. O. Skifte leg.», 9 (ale.) size, slender body, pure white colour and coarse Abd. from «Norway. Bj0rn0ya. Kapp Posadowsky, 6 granulation is constant in the various holarctic 20.VIII. 1983. Grass at pond. O. Skifte leg.», I (slide) samples seen. The relative length of ml setae on Abd. from «Norway. Bj0rn0ya. S of Avtj0nn, 20.VIII. 5 is somewhat variable within samples, usually it is 1983. Moss, bird manure. O. Skifte leg.» and 3 (slide) 1/2 to 2/3 of PI, sometimes they are subequal, but from «Norway. Bj0rn0ya. Between Radio St. and Be m I is never distinctly longer than PI as in groenlan sstj0rnene. 2I.VIII. 1983. O. Skifte leg.» All the dicus s.str. (see below). above paratypes deposited at Troms0 Museum, Nor way. In addition 3 paratypes (slide) from the holotype sample are deposited at British Museum (Natural Distribution and ecology History), London. Available material (see above) indicate a wide distri Additional material studied: Many specimens from: bution in northern parts of the Holarctic, probably Norway (Svalbard: Pr. Heinrich Is!. at Ny AJesund, confined to tundra or tundra-like habitats. It is gene Adventdalen. Saltdal: Solvagtind. Lom: Staurustl, rally collected in damp or mesic moss and meadow Sweden (Abisko), Greenland (Kugssuatsiaq), Alaska vegetation, sometimes together with groenlandicus (Pribilof Isls., Cape Thompson, Norton Bay), NE Si S.str. Specimens from S. Norway (Lam) were collec beria (Chaun Bay). ted among gravel and pebbles at a lake shore. Derivation of the name: Named after the polar bear, d). Onychiurus groenlandicus (Tullberg, 1876). Thalassarctos (formerly Ursus) maritimus. Arctic Onychiurus-forms with few (2-4) Diganosis: Close to groenlandicus (Tullberg) but dif fering by absence of lateral microsensilla on Th. 3, PAO lobes, lamellate unguiculi and pseudo only 8 setae on Ant. I (9 in groenlandicus), coarser cellar formula 32/133/33343 have usually Abd. 6 granulation, shorter mt setae on Abd. 5, been refered to as groenlandicus. Tullberg smaller body size and more elongate shape. (1876) gave a very brief and general diagnosis 71 of the species based on material from Green but may also represent a third species - possibly land and Spitsbergen (no type locality given). schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896) described from Ber Unfortunately there is no type material pre gen in SW Norway. Stach 0947, 1954) redescri sent in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stock bed schoetti from specimens collected in a Polish holm. At least two different species (ursi n.sp. cave. According to him the Polish specimens have 3 + 3 ps.oc. on Abd. 4. My Liavatn specimen has and groenlandicus s.str.) are present both in 4 + 4 but otherwise fits well to the description of Spitsbergen and Greenland. The most com the Polish form. Lawrence (1960) reported mon species is selected as groenlandicus s.str. schoetti from British caves. Although he does not and is redescribed below. describe the pseudocellar formula, a specimen with 3 + 3 ps. oc. on Abd. 4 is figured. Unfortu Redescription nately the type material of schoetti seems lost and nobody except the original author has seen it. The Colour white or slightly yellow. brief original description gives no clues, and the Size 1.6 mm. position of the Norwegian schoetti and its relation Body shape rather thick, cylindrical or somewhat to Polish and British populations remains obs pear-shaped with broad abdomen. Abd. 6 from cure. above conical, not semicircular (Fig. 4). Ant. 3 organ with 5 finger-like papillae, 5 guard setae and two rugose sense clubs. The lateral Distribution and ecology sense club not or only slightly larger than the Probably present in most of the northern Holarc other. tic. Specimens are seen from: Norway (Svalbard: Ant. I with 9 setae. Ny Alesund, Longyearbyen, Kongs0ya, Hopen, Maxilla normal, outer lobe with two sublobal Bj0rn0ya), Greenland: (L. Pendulum Is!., Murray hairs. Is!., Kapp Stewart, coIl. SwedisK Greenland Exp. PAO with 2-3 lobes, total width about the dia 1899), Canada (Ellesmere Is!.: Alexandra Fiord, meter of nearest ps.QC. Sverdrup Pass, Lake Hazen, Grice Fiord. Corn Dorsal pS.oc. 32/133/33343. Head with 2+2 wallis Is!.: Resolute Bay), Alaska (many samples, ventral. Subcoxae I-I-I. mainly from North Slope), NE Siberia (Chaun Body hairs short, fine, macrochaetae hardly diffe Bay). Often abundant in damp arctiC/alpine tun rentiated. On Abd. 5 setae m I longer than PI and dra. Probably a parthenogenetic species. aj (Fig. 4). Unpaired median seta sometimes pre e). Tu/lbergia tenuisensillata (Rusek), T. jirii (Ru sent. Th. 2- 3 with with I + I and 2 + 2 (I) ven sek) and T. macrochaeta (Rusek) are recently tral setae. Both Th. 2- 3 with lateral microsen siJIa present. Body granulation fine, only slightly described and earlier confused with T. kraus or not enlarged on Abd. 6. Claws with small late baueri (Borner) (Rusek 1974, 1976, 1982). ral teeth. Unguiculus lamellate, about 2/3 of claw Their distributions are not clear, but at least inner length. Tenent hairs acuminate. Furca only macrochaeta is Holarctic. present as a small pit or undistinct flap. Anal spi O. Tullbergia arctica Wahlgren. The species was nes rather short and thick, hardly curved, about originally described from jan Mayen and is 2/3 as long as claw inner edge. Only females are recognised by the pseudocellar formula: seen. 11/122/22221. According to Gisin (960) Discussion Th. 1 has 2 + 2 pseudocelli, but this is not ve rified from recent specimens. Chaetotaxy of A large, Holarctic species recognised by combina Abd. 5 is characteristic with the long a2 setae tion of the following characters: Th. I with I + I (Fig. 6). Distribution probably covers most of pseudocelli, Th. 3 with lateral microsensilla pre sent, Abd. 5 with m, longer than PI and al. From the Holarctic: Norway (Jan Mayen, Spitsber the above ursi n.sp. it also differs by having 9 gen: Ny AIesund, Troms0, Oppdal: Gjevil Ant. I setae and subequal Ant. 3 sense clubs. The vasskamman), Sweden (Abisko), Alaska (Pri large size, somewhat yellow colour (alcohoJ), bilof Isls.), Colorado (Boulder). It is usually stout body shape, shon and thick anal spines and found in dry arctic/alpine tundra, especially fine Abd. 6 granulation appears fairly constant in calcareous meadows. throughout the many holarctic samples at hand. g). Tu/lbergia simplex Gisin. The species was A single specimen from S. Norway (Liavatn in described from the Italian Dolomites. Synty Skjak) differs by exceptionally slender body pes were compared with Norwegian speci shape, short ml on Abd. 5, very fine body granu lation, 8 Ant. I setae and unusually long finger mens and no differences were found. It is re like papilla~ in Ant. 3 organ. This could be an ab cognised by the pseudocellar formula berant specimen of ursi n.sp. (though lateral mi 11/111/11111 and chaetotaxy of Abd. 5 crosensilla is present on Th. 3, anal spines are with short a2 and long P2 setae (Fig. 5). The short and thick and Abd. 6 granulation is fine), total distribution covers the northern Holarc 72 tic: Norway (Spitsbergen: Ny Aiesund, Bj0r usually 3 + 3 distal setae in oblique rows and n0ya, TromS0), Sweden (Abisko), Canada 2-3 pairs of subdistal setae in more or less (Ellesmere IsI.: Alexandra Fiord, Lake Ha parallel rows (Fig. 9). Dens has typically 7 zen), Alaska (Brooks Range). The species oc dorsal setae. The outer median seta (Fig. 8, curs in similar habitats as arctica and the two arrow) is characteristic, beeing absent in the species may be found together. related species sensibilis which also differs by A third species of this group - as yet un simpler ventral chaetotaxy on Th. 3 (I + I se derscribed - may be found in the arctic is tae) and manubrium (only 2 + 2 (3) oblique lands. Chaetotaxy is very similar to arctica. distal setae). but Abd. 4 usually has an unpaired dorso Specimens of gracilis are seen from Nor median seta. Pseudocellar formula is charac way (Spitsbergen: Hornsund (type), Longy teristic: 11/122/11121. Material of this spe earbyen, Berzeiiusdalen, Kong Karls Land. cies is seen from Norway (Raudhellerskorane Jan Mayen), Canada (Ellesmere IsI.: Alexan on Hardangervidda), Alaska (Paxon in Ala dra Fiord), Alaska (Kotzebue, Canning River ska Range, Juneau, Pribilof Isls.) and Colo Delta, Icy Cape, Barrow), NE Siberia (Chaun rado (Boulder). Bay). h). Folsomia stella Grow & Christiansen. The j). Folsomia taimyrica Martynova et al., 1973. species was recently described from Barrow The species was described by Martynova et (Alaska) (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980). It is al. (I 973) from Taimyr and Wrangel Island. related to bisetosa Gisin but differs by pre It is related to diplophthalma (Axelson) in ha sence of some ventral setae on Th. 3 and as ving I + I ocelli, I + I ventro-apical manu much as 4 + 4 ventral setae on manubrium brial setae, sparse body pigmentation and set in two nearly parallel rows. It is a Holarc moderately long macrochaetae. The two spe tic species also seen in materials from Canada cies differ in dorsal chaetotaxy of manubrium (Ellesmere Isl.) and NE Siberia (Chaun Bay). (Fig. 10, I I). D. Folsomia gracilis (Stach, 1962) n.comb. A large number of specimens from Hopen lsotomina gracilis Stach, 1962: 11. and a few from Spitsbergen (Adventdalen) Folsomia alpha Grow & Christiansen, 1976: differ from the original description by ab 616, syn. novo sence ofocelli and body pigment. A large ma Folsomia alpha Christiansen & Tucker, 1977: terial from North and Central Alaska indicate 371, syn. nov. The species was described by considerable variation in number and size of Stach (I 962) from Hornsund on Spitsbergen. ocelli (0, I + I, 2 + 2), intensity of pigmenta Recent specimens from Alaska and Canada tion, length of macrochaetae, etc. Several spe were found to be conspecific with specimens cies may be involved, but until a more thoro from lan Mayen and Spitsbergen. Following ugh study can be made I refere to both the Christiansen & Bellinger (I 980), the Nearctic Alaskan and Norwegian specimens as taimy specimens *ould key to Folsomia alpha ori rica. ginally described from Barrow, Alaska (note: k). lsotoma olivacea Tullberg. Numerous speci Christiansen & Bellinger (I 980) refer to mens from Bj0rn0ya probably belong to this Christiansen & Tucker (I 977) as authors of species, though adults differ by having 5 + 5 this species. However, Grow & Christiansen lateral setae on ventral tube (4 + 4 in olivacea) (1976) named the species alpha and gave a and manubrium has frequently 2 + 2 (I) ven differential diagnosis of the new species. tro-apical short setae (I + I in olivacea). Thus they are the formal authors of the spe Other body marks are identical (short abdo cies. F. alpha Christiansen & Tucker, 1977 minal macrochaetae, simple subapical pin falls as a junior objective synonym). One of seta on Ant. 4, labral edge, maxillary palpe, Stach's syntypes (Institute of Syst. & Exp. claws, colour). If this form really belongs to ZooI., Krakow) was examined and proved to olivacea s.str., Bj0rn0ya is the only arctic site be the same form as the specimens from where both olivacea and nanseni occure to Spitsbergen/Jan Mayen and Alaska/Canada. gether. In other arctic sites nanseni appears to The species is recognised by absence ofocelli, be present alone. prosence of 2 + 2 thickened sensillae on Abd. 5 (Fig. 7), presence of 2 + 2 (I - 3) ventral se Additions and corrections to the Spitsbergen tae on Th. 3 and the chaetotaxy of dens and species list manubrium. The ventral chaetotaxy of ma Valpes (I 967) reports 40 species of Collembola nubrium is somewhat variable, but there are from Spitsbergen and adds a further 9 species of 73 Figs. I -11.-I - 3. Onychiurus ursi n.sp. - I. Pseudanurophorus inoculatus B6dvarsson, 1957. Ho Right side of Th. 2- 3 with microsesilla (ms) beeing laretic species found at Ny Alesund. absent on Th. 3 (encircled). - 2. Abd. 5- 6. - 3. Folsomia gracilis (Stach, 1962). Published from Left PAO and nearest ocellus. - 4. Onychiurus Hornsund by Stach (1962) as Isotomina gracilis. groenlandicus. Abd. 5- 6. - 5. Tullbergia simplex, This Holarctic species is also ~een from Longyear Abd. 5. - 6. Tullbergia arctica, Abd. 5 - 7-9. byen and Beneliusdalen. Valpas (I 967) record of Folsomia gracilis. - 7. Abd. 4-6, sensillae enlar F. sensibilis Kseneman is probably gracilis and ged. Paratype. - 8. Dorsal chaetotaxy of right dens. should be deleted from the list until verified. - 9. Ventral chaetotaxy of manubrium. - 10. FolF. taimyrica Martynova et al., 1973. Holarctic species somia taimyrica, dorsal chaetotaxy of manubrium. found in Adventdalen and at Hopen (see above). - 11. Folsomia diplophthalma, dorsal chaetotaxy of Archisotoma polaris Fjellberg & Poinsot, 1975. Ho manubrium. laretic species described from Ny Alesund (Fjell berg & Poinsot 1975). Recently found on Elles mere Island (Alexandra Fiord, A. Fjellberg leg. 1983). uncertain systematic position. The following A. megalops (Bagnall, 1939). European species found species are previously not reported from Spits at Prins Heinrich0ya, Ny Alesund. bergen or are published after Valpas' paper: Isotoma nanseni Fjellberg, 1978. Holarctic species Hypogastrura concolor (Carpenter, 1900). Probably common at Ny Alesund. Certainly confused with confused with tullbergi, but differs by absence of olivacea Tullberg which should be deleted from accessory spines in Ant. 3 organ and darker body the list until verified. colour. Holarctic species, common at Ny Alesund /. tshernovi Martynova, 1974. Palaearctic species re (Fjellberg I984a). ported from Berzeliusdalen by Fjellberg (1978). H. sp. near sensilis (Folsom, 1919). From Ny Ale I. neglecta Schaffer, 1900. Holarctic species found at sund I have som specimens of a form which is Ny Alesund. Earlier authors might have confused also seen from northern parts of Canada, Alaska this species with violacea Tullberg which should and NE Siberia. It is not clear wether it is a dis be deleted froni the list until verified (Fjellberg tinct species or just a form of the Nearctic sensilis 1978). (Fjellberg 1984a). /. fennica Reuter, 1895. The species was reported H. (Ceratophysella) longispina (Tullberg, 1876) (= from Spitsbergen by Stach (1962). It is quite likely hirsuta Valpas, 1967). Holarctic species common that Stach confused this species with either nan at Ny Alesund (Fjellberg I984a). seni, tshernovi or neglecta (winter form) and fen Willemia scandinavica Stach, 1949 and W. similis nica should be deleted from the list until verified. Mills, 1934. Both species are Holarctic and are Entomobrya subarctica Stach, 1962. Described by probably confused with anophthalma B6rner. For Stach (1962) from one specimen collected at separation, see Fjellberg (1984a). All three species Hornsund. The identity of the species is obscure were found at Ny Alesund. and future specimens from Spitsbergen should be Friesea quinquespinosa Wahlgren, 1900 (= nauroisi compared with the similar species comparata Fol Cassagnau, 1958). This Holarctic species is repor som which is common in arctic parts of North ted from Spitsbergen by Cassagnau (I958) and America. Valpas (1967) under the name F. nauroisi Cassag Arrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945 (binoculatus nau which is a junior synonym (Fjellberg I984a). auctJ Holarctic species found at Ny Alesund. Anurida polaris (Hammer, 1954) (= frigida Fjell Former authors referred to this species as binocu berg, 1973). Previous records of remyi Denis from latus (BOrner). Spitsbergen probably refer to polaris and remyi Sminthurinus aureus (Lubbock, 1862) and S. niger should be delated from the list. Also granaria (Ni (Lubbock, 1876). The older Spitsbergen records of colet) may have been confused with polaris, but these two species are doubtful and should be dele granaria does occur in Spitsbergen. I have some ted from the list until verified. They are probably specimens from birds cliffs at Blomstrandfjellet, confused with concolor (Meinert, 1896) which ap Ny Alesund. pear to be common in Spitsbergen (Ny Alesund, Onychiurus macfadyeni Gisin, 1953. An European Kong Karls Land). species originally described from Jan Mayen. Neelus minimus (Willem, 1900). Holarctic species Some specimens from Midtholmen at Ny Ale found at Ossian Sarsfjellet at Ny Alesund. sund. Sminthurides pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898). Holarctic O. ursi Fjellberg, 1984. Certainly confused with species found at Ny Alesund. groenlandicus (Tullberg). Both these Holarctic species are present at Ny Alesund. Tullbergia simplex Gisin, 1958. Probably confused Some older records of various species have not been with arctica Wahlgren. Both Holarctic species are verified and should be considered dubious. These in found at Ny Alesund (see above). clude Proisotoma schoetti (Dalla Torre, 1895) repor T. macrochaetae (Rusek, 1976). Holarctic species ted by Schiiffer (I 900) and Xenyllodes armatus Axel present at Ny Alesund. son, 1903, Isotomina thermophila (Axelson, 1900) 75 and Siraflava Agren, 1903 (= Willowsia buski (Lub Lawrence, P.N. 1960. The discovery of Onychiurus bock, 1869» reported by Thor (1930). schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896) sensu Stach, 1947 Considering the above additions and deletions, (Collembola) in British caves. Entomologist Febr. there are now 47 known species of Collembola from 1960: 36-39. Spitsbergen. Linnaniemi, W.M. 1935. Collembolen aus Spitsber gen, Insel Hopen, Kong Karls Land und Jan Ma yen, eingesammelt von norwegischen arktischen ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Expeditionen. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 3, 379-381. Macfadyen, A. 1954. The invertebrate fauna of Jan I am indepted to Niels Haar10v, Denmark, for Mayen Island (East Greenland). J. Amin. £Col. 23, sending me the Jan Mayen material for identifi 261-297. cation and to Ola Skifte and Fritz Richardsen, Martynova, E.F., Gorodkov, K.B. & Tshelnokov, Troms0, for collecting the samples from Bj0r V.G. Springtails (Collembola) from Wrangel Is n0ya and Hopen. land. Revent. URSS 52, 76-93. Rusek, J. 1974. Taxonomie der TUllbergiinae (Apte rygota: Collembola). Vest. Cs. spol. Zool. 38, REFERENCES 61-70. Carpenter. G.H. & Phillips, K.C.J. 1922. The Collem - 1976. New Onychiuridae (Collembola)from Van bola of Spitsbergen and Bear Island. Proc. R. Irish couver Island. Can. J. Zool. 54, 19-41. Acad. 36 b, 11-21. - 1982. European Mesaphorura species of the syl Cassagnau, P. 1958. Les especes europeennes du vatica-group (Collembola, Onychiuridae, Tullber genre Friesea. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse 93, giinae). Acta ent. Bohemoslov. 79, 14~30. 17-29. Schaffer, C. 1900. Die arktischen und sUbarktischen. Christiansen, K. & Bellinger, P. 1980. The Collem Collembola. Fauna arctica 1, 237 - 258. bola ofNorth America north ofRio Grande. Part 2. Stach, J. 1962. On the fauna of p>llembola from Families Onychiuridae and Isotomidae. Grinnell Spitsbergen. Acta zool. Cracoviensia 7 (4), 1-20. College, Grinnell. pp. 387 -784. - 1947. Onychiurus schoetti (Lie-Pettersen). A relict Christiansen, K. & Tucker, B.E. 1977. Four new form in the cave Radoch6w (Silesia) and its rela nearctic species of Folsomia (Collembola: Isotomi tion to the group of Onychiurus groenlandicus dae). Revue Ecol. Bioi. Sol 14, 371-382. (Tullb.) and related sjJecies. Acta Mus. Hist. Nat. Fjellberg, A. 1978. Revision of the European species Krakow 7: 1-20. of the Isotoma olivacea group (Collembola: Isoto - 1954. The Apterygotan fauna of Poland in rela midae). Ent. scand. 10, 91 -108. tion to the world fauna of this group of insects. 9. - 1984. Arctic Collembola I. Alaskan Collembola Onychiuridae. - PAN. Inst. Zool. Krakow. 219 of the families Poduridae, Hypogastruridae, pp. Odontellidae, Brachystomellidae and Neanuridae. Summerhayes, V.S. & Elton, C.S. 1923. Contribu Ent. scand. Suppl. (in press). tion to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island. Fjellberg, A. & Poinsot, N. 1975. Archisotoma polaris J. £Col. 11, 214-286. n.sp. A new species of Collembola Osotomidae) Thor. S. 1930. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Invertebra from Spitsbergen. Norw. J. Ent. 22, 109-112. ten Fauna von Svalbard. Skr. Svalbard Ishavet Gisin, H. 1953. Collembola from Jan Mayen. Ann. 27, 1-156. Mag. nat. Hist. (J 2) 6, 228 - 234. . Tullberg, T. 1876. Collembola borealia. Nordiska - 1960. Collembolenfauna Europas. Geneve. 312 Collembola. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. F6rh. 33 (5): pp. 23-42. Grow, A. & Christiansen, K. 1976. Chaetotaxy in Valpas, A. 1967. Collemboles of Spitsbergen. Ann. Folsomia (Collembola, Isotomidae) with special ent.fenn, 33, 28-40. reference to nearctic species. Revue Ecol. Bioi. Sol 13,611-627. Received 26 May 1984 76 The sex ratios of three species of thrips, Mycterothrips latus (BagnaIl), Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday, and Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedt) in the Dovrefjell mountains (Thys., Thripidae) ANDERS OLSEN Olsen, A. 1984. The sex ratios of three species ofthrips, Mycterothrips latus (Bagnall), Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday, and Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedt) in the Dovrefjell mountains (Thys., Thripidae). Fauna norv. Ser. E, 31, 77 -80. The sex ratios of adult and larvae of populations of Mycterothrips latus (Bagnall), Thrips vul gatissimus Haliday, and Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedt) living in the Dovrefjell mountains are discussed. The sex ratios for M. latus larvae (d d: Q Q) recorded in 1977 and 1978 were 1:3,4 and I:3.3, respectively. These values are close to the sex ratio of 1:4 which, according to Lewis (1973), indicates reproduction by haploid facultative arrhenotoky. It seems reasonable. ne vertheless, to assume that also T. picipes reproduces arrhenotokously in the area, despite lar val sex ratio values of I: 1.3 being recorded in both 1977 and 1978. The only alternative exp lanation, involving diploid males and ordinary sexual reproduction, would be expected to yield a sex ratio of about I: I. Male T. vulgatissimus were not recorded on Dovrefjell, and this species is therefore consi dered to reproduce by female to female parthenogenesis (thelytoky) in this area. Anders Olsen, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Zoological Department, Erling Skakkesgt. 47A, N·7000 Trondheim, Norway. • INTRODUCTION habitats, sampling sites, and sampling procedure Because of their reproductive systems, the sex will be published later. For the purpose of the ratios of most populations of species of thrips present paper the following information should tend to deviate from a value of I: 1 (d d: 9 9). suffice: Moreover, for several thrips species, the sex ra Adult and larval Mycterothrips latus Fauna nory. Ser. B. 3 J.. 77 - 80. Oslo 1984. 77 Table I. Total numbers and sex ratios of three species of thrips collected in the sub-alpine birch forest in the Dovrefjell mountains during the summers of 1977 and 1978 (see text for further explanations). L 11 = second instar larvae, Ad = adult, N = number, SR =cc sex ratio. )977 1978 LII LIl Ad N SR N SR N SR Mycterothrips latus 84 1:3.4 34 1:3.3 286 1:8.6 Thrips vulgatissimus 100 - 100 - > 1000 Taeniothrips picipes 135 I: 1.4 190 I: 1.4 131 1:25.2 and plant names are given in accordance with DISCUSSION Lid (1974). Female thrips are diploid, males always haploid (Whiting 1945, Stannard 1968). This follows Ifom the method of reproduction, by haploid fa RESULTS cultative arrhenotoky, whereby unfertilized eggs The total number of adult specimens collected in develop into males, fertilized eggs into females. 1978, and the numbers of second-instar larvae A number ofthrips species ordinarily follow this investigated are shown in Table I. In addition, reproductive pattern (e.g. Taeniothrips simplex ' the sex ratios for both adults (entire collection (Morison), Thrips linarius Uzel, OJliothripsfaci 1978) and larvae are given. The larval data refer atus (Pergande), Scirtothrips citri Moulton, Hap to the collections made in July. lothrips verbasci (Osborn), and Liothrips oleae Adults of both sexes of M. latus were recor (Costa)) (Lewis 1973). Arrhenotoky generally yi ded in 1978, and the sex ratio for the entire col elds a sex ratio which deviates from a I: I value lection was 1:8.6. Throughout the season, ho (Hamilton 1967) and, according to Lewis (973), wever, the sex ratios varied considerably. From thrips species which reproduce by haploid facul the time of the snow-melt up to the end of July tative arrhenotoky often produce males/females only two of a total of 159 adults captured were in a ratio of I:4. This is not far from the sex ratio males, in contrast to a sex ratio of I: 3. 6 for 128 obtained for M. latus larvae on Dovrefjell, and adults collected during August and September. may indicate that this species reproduces arrhe This may be due to a difTerentiallongevity ofthe notokously. Even though, by this method of two sexes; viz. the females hibernate, whereas reproduction, a sex ratio of 1:4 should be usu the males do not (Olsen unpubI.). In adult collec ally found, deviating sex ratio values have been tions from the final part of the summer season recorded for several thrips species (Koppa 1969, newly hatched specimens predominated, and Lewis 1973). Thus, I can see no reason to doubt the sex ratio of I: 3. 6 found agrees well with that that T. picipes on Dovrefjell also reproduces in recorded for the larvae in July. this manner, despite the sex ratio value recorded Adults of T. picipes were almost exclusively for the larvae. The only other possible explana captured in the spring, but only five of the total tion would imply the existence of diploid males, of 131 were males. This contrasts with the which would involve a probable sex ratio of much higher proportion of males recorded about I: I in the population. among the larvae (see Tab. I). The low propor Thrips also often reproduce by thelytoky, tion of adult males may perhaps be ascribed to females giving birth only to further females. For differences in the mortality rates for the two some species ofthrips (e.g. Heliothrips haemorr sexes, during hibernation or post-hibernation, hoidalis (Bouche), Hercinothrips bicinctus (Bag or may simply be due to the fact that the larval naIl), Heliothrips errans (Williams), Scirtothrips host plants are invaded by the males to only a longipennis (Bagnall), Leucothrips nigripennis minor extent after hibernation (Olsen unpubI.). (Reuter), and Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moul Although several hundred adult specimens ton)) males have scarcely ever been recorded were examined, I was unable to find a single (Lewis 1973). These species must therefore be male T. vulgatissimus on Dovrefjell. Correspon assumed to reproduce more or less wholly part dingly, all the investigated larvae were female. henogenetically (obligate thelytoky). Other spe Males must therefore be either very uncommon cies (e.g. Thrips tabaci Lindem., Taeniothrips in in the area, or entirely absent. consequens (UzeO and Haplothrips tritid (Kurd 78 jumov» reproduce thelytokously in some areas, monly observed among plants and animals, a whereas in some other areas the sex ratio values rather large fraction of his modelling efforts is indicate arrhenotoky. This also applies to T. vul based on organisms reproducing arrheIiotoko gatissimus, the sex ratio of which are known to usly, notably parasitic Hymenoptera and certain vary geographically (Lewis 1973). Since males mites. In his view, competition for resources or were not recorded on Dovrefjell, thelytoky must a mate is the key-factor for the understanding of at least be the prevailing reproductive strategy the observed sex ratios, but its effect on the sex for this species in this particular area. A similar ratio may be quite different depending on the life situation has been reported from Southern Eng history of the species and the degree of crow land, the Friinkische Alb and the Rhein Main re ding. To a remarkable degree his models agree gions of Germany, and the eastern coast of with experiments, and an interesting question, North America. On the western coast of North from my point of view, is whether or not they America and in northern England males are are predictable also for thrips species popula scarce, but in Scotland sex ratios near to 1: 1 are tions. Unfortunately, at present the data in this reported (O'Neill & Bigelow 1964, Lewis 1973). field are much to scanty for drawing extensive Near to Trondheim, I only found two males conclusions. among several thousand females, and in La vangen in Troms province (Northern Norway), a collection of 293 adults had a sex ratio of 1:3.6 (Olsen & Solem 1982). The reproduction strategy adopted by a spe ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS cies is ultimately determined by the natural se I am grateful to Dr. 1.0. Solem, University of lection acting upon the species and its local po Trondheim, The Museum, for valuable advice pulations (Charnov 1982). But the strength and under the preparation of the present paper, and evolutionary consequences of the selection pres to Dr. L.A. Mound, British Museum, for critical sure will vary with environmental factors and reading of the manuscript. I also thank P.A. Tal pre-existing properties of the organisms invol lentire who has improved the English. ved. Hence, it should be possible to correlate ge ographical differences in reproduction strategy and sex ratios within a species with observable variables. Thus, attempts have been made to REFERENCES correlate geographical differences in sex ratios of thrips species with the prevailing meteorological Cederholm, L. 1963. Ecological studies on Thysa noptera. Opusc. ent. Suppl. 22, 215 pp. conditions, viz. males becoming scarcer with in Charnov, E.L. 1982. The theory ojsex allocation. 355 creasing air temperature (Lewis 1973). This is pp. Princeton University Press, Princeton. supported by the observation made by Morison Hamilton, W.D. 1967. Extraordinary sex ratios. Sci Cl 957) that nmles of T. tabaci have never been ence, N.Y. 156,447-488. recorded in greenhouses, but have been found in Koppa, P. 1969. The sex index of some species of outdoor populations. Nevertheless, in the warm thrips living on cereal plants. Ann. ent. jenn. 35, climate of Iran, T. tabaci has the sex ratio I: I, 65-72. and much lower ratios have been recorded in Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips. Their biology, ecology, and economic importance. 349 pp. Academic Press, other, often colder, parts of the world. London and New York. An alternative explanation may be that the Lid, J. 1974. Norsk og svensk flora. 808 pp. Det parthenogenetic forms are able to spread more norske samlaget, Oslo. easily than the sexual forms, in which case Mound, L.A. 1976. The identity of the greenhouse males should be more numerous in the areas of thrips He/iothrips haemorrhoida/is (Bouche) (Thy origin of the species and scarcer in areas invaded sanoptera) and the taxonomic significance of spa· later (O'Neill 1960, Mound 1976). Unfortuna nandric males. Bull. ent. Res. 66, 179 - 180. tely, for several species this proposal runs into Mound, L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, trouble when actually comparing the geographi J.M. 1976. Thysanoptera. Handb. ident.Br. insects cal distribution of the sex ratios with the assu 1 (J 1). 79 pp. London. Morison, G.D. 1957. A review of British glasshouse med dispersal routes for the species. Thysanoptera. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 109, A most valuable contribution to the under 467-534. standing of how sex allocation function in na O'Neill, K. 1960. Identification of the newly introdu ture is the book of Charnov (1982). Although he ced phlaeothripid Haplothrips c/arisetis Priesner is treating all the reproduction strategies com (Thysanoptera). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 53, 507-510. 79 O'Neill, K. & Bigelow, R.S. 1964. The Taeniothrips Taylor, EA & Smith, F.F. 1955. Three methods for of Canada (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Can. Ent. extracting thrips and other insects from rose flo 96, 1219-1239. wers. J. econ. Ent. 48, 767-768. Priesner, H. 1958. Geschlechtsunterschiede an den Whiting, P.W. 1945. The evolution of male haplo Larven der Thysanoptera. Z. Wiener ent. Ges. 43, idy. Q. Rev. Bioi. 20. 231 - 260. 247-249. Stannard, L.J. 1968. The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of lllinois. Bull. Jl 1. St. nat. Hist. Surv. 29, 215-252. Received 15 Mar. 1984 J 80 The life cycle ofHalesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) (Trich., Limnephilidae) in a West Norwegian lowland stream. TROND ANDERSEN AND ASMUND TYSSE Andersen, T. & Tysse, A. 1984. The life cycle of Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) (Trich., Limnephilidae) in a West Norwegian lowland stream. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 31,81-87. Halesus radiatus is frequently found in West Norwegian streams and rivers, and has a verti cal range from sealevel up to about 1150 m. The annual cycle of the larval population in a small, rapid stream was studied by regular sampling of larvae and pupae throughout one year. The species has five larval instars, which were easily separable by head capsule measu rements. H. radiatus was found to be univoltine with a very synchronous moulting pattern. First instar larvae were sampled in November and December. The larvae showed no stagnation in growth in the winter. The larvae in fact grew rapidly during the cold period, and fourth instar was reached in March. Fifth instar larvae were sampled from April to early August, prepupae from late June to early August and pupae in August and September. The night period lasted from late August to late October. The median day of the flight period was Sep tember 29 for the males and October I for the females. Trond Andersen & Asmund Tysse, Dept. of Systematic Zoology, Museum of Zoology. Cni versity of Bergen, N-5000 Bergen, Norway. INTRODUCTION 1978). In western Norway H. radiatus is frequ Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) is a Palaearctic ent in most streams and rivers, and reach an alti caddis fly, distributed in most parts of Europe tude of about 1150 m a.s.1. in the western parts • (Schmid 1955, Botosaneanu & Malicky 1978). It of the Hardangervidda mountain plateau (An ranges as far north as northern Fennoscandia dersen 1976, 1979a, Andersen et al. 1978). (Brekke 1946, Nybom 1960, Tobias 1969). The In this study we examined the annual cycle of species is quite variable concerning genital struc the larval population of H. radiatus in a small, tures and size, and was previously believed to rapid West Norwegian lowland stream, and also consist of two separate species. In Fennoscandia provide information on the flight period at the H. radiatus (auct.) was considered to be distribu same river system. The life cycle of Chaetopte ted in the Atlantic western regions, while H. in ryx villosa (Fabricius, 1798) in the same stream terpunctatus (Zetterstedt, 1840) had a more eas was recorded by Andersen & Tysse (984). tern continental distribution, with a zone of hy bridization occurring in the mountainous border areas between Norway and Sweden (Forsslund STUDY AREA & Tjeder 1942). However, Svensson & Tjeder The larvae were collected in a stream near Fit (1975) stated that: «interpunctatus Zett. must be jahjellen (60 0 32'N, 5°33'E) on the Island of Os considered as the same species as radiatus», a temy, east of Bergen, Fig. 1. The stream is a tri view that is generally accepted today. butary to Lono River, and flows through a val According to Lepneva (1 971) the larvae of H. ley intensively used as pasture land. Single hard radiatus live in running water, usually in parts woods, mainly birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus) with slow current, and on open lake shores. In grow along the banks. At the sampling site the Fennoscandia H. radiatus larvae have been ta stream is an average of 3 m wide, and rather ken from brooks, streams and rivers and also shallow. The bottom substratum consists of from stagnant waters (e.g. Svensson 1974, small and medium sized stones, with pebbles Bagge & Salmela 1978). In a lake in the mounta and coarse and in between. Most of the larger ins of central Norway larvae were found both stones were covered with moss, mainly Fonti on stony substrate in the exposed zone and on nalis spp. soft bottom with sand and mud (Lillehammer The stream was never completely ice covered Fauna norv. Ser. 8. 3/: 81 - 81. Oslo 1984. 81 ring July and early August only a few small ponds were left of the stream. The imagines were sampled near Lono (60°31 'N, 5°32'E), some 3 km downstream the same river system, Fig. 1. Here, the stream also flowed through a valley used as pasture land. Along the eastern bank single hardwoods, ma inly birch (Betula), alder (A In us glutinosa) and European bird cherry (Prunus padus) are gro wing, while the western bank is planted with spruce (Picea). At this sampling site the stream is an average of 4 m wide and rather shallow. The bottom substratum consists of medium sized sto nes, covered with moss (Fontinalis spp.) A total of more than 60 Trichoptera species were captured, in light traps along this branch of the Lone River system (Andersen 1976, 1979b, unpubl.). In the stream in Fitjahjellen the most abundant limnephilids apart from H. radiatus. were several Limnephilus spp., Potamophylax Fig. I. Map of the central parts of the island of Oste cingulatus (Stephens, 1837) and Chaetopteryx my, showing the exact location of the sampling sites villosa (Fabricius, 1798). of Halesus radiatus. during the sampling period in 1982. The water METHODS AND MATERIAL temperature rose above 5°C in April and above In the Fitjahjellen stream larvae were sampled 10°C in late May (Fig. 2). Maximum tempera on eleven occasions between December 198J ture of 21°C was reached in early August and and December 1982. A total of 506 larvae, 5 the temperature fell below 10°C in October. prepupae and 12 pupae were collected by searc Western Norway has a super-oceanic climate, hing the bottom of the stream, picking all larvae with a yearly mean precipitation on Oster0Y of and pupae seen until an adequate sample was more than 2000 mm. In periods of heavy rain, obtained. In Lono a total of 860 imagines (688 large scale fluctuations of discharge from one day to the next often occur. The summer of 1982 was, however, exceptionally dry, and du I HW 25 'c 20 15 HL 10 o J F M A M J J A'S 0 N 0 Fig. 3. Measured head capsule dimensions of Halesus Fig. 2. Yearly variation in the water temperature in radiatus larvae. HL - head length, HW - head the Fitjahjellen stream in 1982. width. 82 2,0 ,... E E .r:.... "t:l 'i 1,5 "t:l III CIl 00 :I: rndf' o _rn oEE~o 0 08"8 00 1,0 0 0"(, ~ 0,5 ~ cI1' 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 ...... lenIth (mm) Fig. 4. Instar discrimination of Halesus radiatus lar males, 172 females) were taken with a modified vae by head length and head width. 0: I specimen, Robinson light trap equiped with a mercury va 0:2-5 specimens, .:6-10 specimens, .: >10 pour bulb (Philips HPL-N 125W) in 1972. specimens. The larval instars were separated according to head length and head width, Fig. 3. All larvae were measured with the aid of a stereo micro scope. Measurements of first and second instar Table I. Head length and headh width (mean, standard deviation and range, in mm) and factor of increase at each moult of Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) larvae in the Fitjahjellen stream in 1982. Head length Head width nstar n x S.D. range factor of x S.D. range factor of increase increase 31 0.371 0.011 0.34-0.40 0.333 0.009 0.31-0.36 1.57 1.57 11 57 0.584 0.018 0.54-0.61 0.524 0.017 0.47-0.55 1.46 1.49 III 30 0.852 0.040 0.79-0.94 0.782 0.034 0.73-0.87 1.57 1.56 IV 98 1.336 0.042 1.25-1.45 1.223 0.041 1.12-1.33 1.45 1.47 V 290 1.935 0.073 1.76-2.09 1.799 0.065 1.63-1.94 83 .J:; ~ u ..c: U Cl." ..> .. Gl .. ::l > cD -;. :> u .. ~ c: o ~ <{ ::l ..., :; ::l .. o o .. ..., ..., <{ CIl Z o ~ 10 :::: o '" Ol lJ) M Ol ~ '" '" '" '" ... n:30 n:19 n"18 n:112 n:62 n:69 n<45 n"57 n=53 n<5 n.25 n.28 P Pp V IV III 11 lOO;/' Fig. 5. Relative frequencies of the larval instars and of prepupae and pupae of Halesus radia/us in the Fitjahjellen stream in 1981 - 82. 0/0 .. males 25 larvae were made with an accuracy of 12J.1, and of third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of 25J.1. 15 RESULTS The five larval instars of H. rad/a/us were easily separated according to head length and head width, Fig. 4. The standard statistics of head 5 length and width of each instar, as well as the factor of increase at each moult are listed in Tab. I. Both head width and head length increased 35 on an average by a factor of 1.5 at each moult, .. females the increase in both dimensions being somewhat less during the second and fourth moult than during the first and third. 25 The larvae had a very synchronous moulting pattern, Fig. 5. First instar larvae were captured in November and December. Second instar lar vae were modal in December, third instar from 15 January to March, and fourth instar larvae in April. Fifth instar larvae were sampled from Ap ril to early August. Prepupae were found from late June to early August, and pupae in August 5 and September. The fligth period of the imagines lasted from late August to late October, Fig. 6. The median Aug· Sept. Oct. day of the fligth period, Le. the day when 50 % Fig. 6. The flight periods of male and female Halesus of the individuals had been caught, was Septem radia/us at Lono 1972. Vertical arrows indicate ber 29 for the males and October I for the fema when 50 per cent of the annual total had been les. caught. 84 DISCUSSION and North Europe, although C. villosa can change to a semivoltine life cycle in the mounta The life cycle of Trichoptera generally takes one ins of western Norway (Andersen & Tysse year, but two or three year life cycles have been 1984). recorded, and some species might even be bivol According to Dittmar (J 955) the life cycle of tine (Nielsen 1948, Decamps 1967, Hickin 1967, H. radiatus takes one year in Germany. In Fit Elliott 1968, Ulfstrand 1968, Gower 1973). In jahjellen H. radiatus was univoltine also, with a temperate latitudes various life cycle strategies very synchronous moulting pattern. First instar have been recorded (Hynes 1970). Most species larvae were found in November and December, overwinter as larvae, but some species can over and there was no indication of a delayed hatch winter as eggs (Solem 1981, Andersen & Tysse ing of eggs, as has been noted for the other lotic 1984), as prepupae (Nielsen 1950, Resh 1976) or species mentioned above (Nielsen 1942, Elliott as imagines (Berte & Pritchard 1983). During the 1971, Andersen & Tysse 1984). In spite of the summer some species have resting stages as first low water temperatures, the larvae of H. radia instar larvae within the egg-mass jelly (Hiley tus in Fitjahjellen grew rapidly during late au 1978), in the final instar, or as prepupae (Cum tumn and winter, and fourth instar was reached mins 1964, Denis 1979) or as imagines (Novik in March. In England the larval development & Sehnal 1963). seems to proceed more rapidly as Garside (979) Crichton (J 971) grouped limnephilids in three recorded fourth instar larvae of H. radiatus as categories according to their flight periods: I) early as in January. In most Trichoptera there is Species with a extended flight period, probably a marked retardation of the larval growth du involving an imaginal diapause, from spring ring winter, and some species can stop growth through summer into autumn. 2) Specie~ with a for several weeks (Elliott 1967, Iversen 1976). shorter flight period, without a diapause, in However, Otto (1971) found that the growth spring and summer, and sometimes extending rate of Potamophylax cingulatus (Stephens, into autumn. 3) Species with a short flight 1837) larvae in a South Swedish stream was period, without a diapause, in autumn. Crichton comparatively high during the autumn, and that (J 971) and Crichton & Fisher (J 981) regarded H. the growth was only slightly retarded during the radiatus as a clearly autumnal species, i.e. be winter. Although classified as belonging to longing to category 3. group I by Crichton & Fisher (1981 ), P. cingula Species belonging to this category generally tus has a fairly late flight period in Scandinavia •emerge with their oviducts packed with eggs (Tobias 1969, Svensson 1972, Andersen 1983, (Novak & Sehnal 1963), in fact pupae of Halesus Solem 1983). spp. frequently contain well-developed ovaries In Fitjahjellen fifth instar larvae of H. radia (Denis 1978, Hiley 1978). In southern Sweden tus were sampled from April to early August, Svensson (972) found that emerging females of while prepupae appeared in late June and pupae H. radiatus had maturing of fully d.eveloped in early August. Garside (1979) recorded fifth eggs, and females that had oviposited were cap instar larvae from early summer until autumn in •tured throughout most of the flight period. The England. According to Denis(1973, 1978, 1979) egg-laying period was thus not long delayed af the fifth instar larvae of H. radiatus enters a dia ter emergence, and probably coincided with pause either at the end of the larval growth or at most of the flight period, except for the first few the beginning of metamorphosis. The diapause days. is induced by a summe!' photoperiod, and it of In addition to H. radiatus, Crichton (J 971) ten merely reduces the rate of the development. and Crichton & Fisher (981) listed ten English In France, H. radiatus larvae enter diapause at species belonging to category 3, of which Ana the end of Mayor in June, metamorphosing at bolia nervosa (Curtis, 1834), Halesus digitatus the end of August or in September. (Schrank, 1781) and Chaetopteryx villosa (Fabri H. radiatus has a late flight period throughout cius, 1798) are lotic species also taken in Scandi its northern range, occurring progressively ear navia. Several studies of the life cycles of these lier with increasing latitude (Tobias 1969, GOth species in Central and North Europe have ap berg 1970, Ulfstrand 1970, Crichton 1971, peared: A. nervosa (Nielsen 1942, Hanna 1957, Svensson 1972, Koponen 1977, Andersen Elliott 1971, Denis 1972); H. digitatus (Nielsen 1983). In southern England the flight period las 1942, I1lies 1952); C. villosa (Elliott 1971, ted from late August to mid November with the Andersen & Tysse 1984). All of these species median week of the flight period as the second complete their life cycle in one year in Central week of October, while the flight period in Scot 85 land lasted from late July to late October with REFERENCES the median week as the first week of September Andersen, T. 1976. Lysfellefangst av Trichoptera pd (Crichton 1971). In southern Sweden the flight Ostemy, Ytre Hordaland. I. Diversitet, flygeperio period lasted from late August to mid November der og kjonnsfordeling pd tre lokaliteter. Unpubl. with the median day of the flight period on Oc thesis. Zoological Museum, Univ. Bergen, 53 pp. tober 5 and 8 for males and females, respectively - 1979a. Trichoptera. Fauna Hardangervidda 13, 1-18. (Svensson 1972). In Oster0Y the flight period las - 1979b. Some caddis flies (Trichoptera) in western ted from late August to late October, with the Norway, and their arrival pattern in light traps. median days of males and females in the last Fauna norv. Ser. B. 26,12-17. days of September and first days of October, re - 1983. The flight period of Caddis-flies (Ttichopte ~ spectively. ra) on the Island of Ostef0Y, Western Norway. When systematically related species coexist in Fauna norv. Ser. B. 30, 63-68. the same river system they are often found to Andersen, T., Fjellheim, A., Larsen, R. & Otto, C. differ ecologically (e.g. Grant & Mackay 1969). 1978. Relative abundance and flight periods of , Ecological separation between potentially con Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in a regulated West Norwegian river. Norw. J. Ent. flicting species is often expressed in terms of 25, 139-144. temporal or habitat differences. The larvae of Andersen, T. & Tysse, A. 1984. Life cycle of Chae most lotic limnephilids are shredders which of topteryx villosa (Fabricius, 1798) (Trich., Limnep ten are totally dependant of the annual leaf fall hilidae) in a lowland- and a mountain stream in (Otto 1981). The three abundant limnephilids in western Norway. Aquatic Insects 6, (in press). the Fitjahjellen stream, H. radiatus, P. cingulaBagge, P. & Salmela, V.-M. 1978. The macrobenthos tus and C. villosa, are all leaf eating shredders. of the River Tourujoki and its tributaries (Central There was a clear habitat segregation between Finland). 1. Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Tri the larvae. P. cingulatus inhabited the middle choptera. Notul. ent. 58, 159 -168. Berte, S.B. & Pritchard, G. 1983. The life history of part of the stream where the older larvae were Glyphopsyche irrorata (Trichoptera, Limnephili taken in the gravel beneath the larger stones. dae): A caddisfly that overwinters as an adult. Ho The larvae of H. radiatus and C. villosa were ta larct. Ecol. 6, 69-73. ken along the edges of the stream or on the top Botosaneanu, L. & Malicky, H. 1978. Trichoptera. of the stones, sitting on bare rock or in between In: lIlies, 1. (ed.) Limnofauna Europaea, 2nd edi the moss tufts. Although the flight periods tion. G. Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart, New York. overlap, there was also a temporal sequence bet Swets & Zeitlinger. Amsterdam. pp 333-359. ween the species. In Oster0y P. cingulatus flies Brekke, R. 1946. Norwegian Caddisflies (Trichopte from late July until late October, H. radiatus ra). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 7, 155-163. Crichton, M.1. 1971. A study of caddis flies (Trichop from late August to early November, and C. viltera) of the family Limnephilidae, based on the losa from late September to mid December (An Rothamsted Insect Survey, 1964-68. J. Zool., dersen 1983). Of the two species that coexist in Lond. 163, 533-563. the same habitat, H. radiatus has a rapid larval Crichton, M.1. & Fisher, D.B. 1981. Further observa development during late autumn and winter tions on limnephilid life histories, based on the with first instar modal in November and second Rothamsted Insect Survey. - In: Moretti, G.P. instar modal in December. C. villosa, which is (ed.) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Trich. Junk, The Hague. the smaller species, has a much slower larval pp 47-55. growth during the winter with first instar modal Cummins, K. W. 1964. Factors limiting the microdi stribution of larvae of the caddisflies Pycnopsyche until March and secodd instar modal in April lepida (Hagen) and Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walker) (Andersen & Tysse 1984). The three abundant in a Michigan stream. Ecol. Monogr. 34, species seem thus to be clearly separated ecologi 271-295. cally, both by habitat segregation and by a tem Decamps, H. 1967. Ecologie des Trichopteres de la poral sequence. vallee d'Aure (Hautes-Pyrenees). Annls Limnolo gie 3, 399-577. Denis, C. 1972. Etude, au laboratoire, du cycle biolo gique de Anabolia nervosa (Trichoptera, Limnep hilidae). Bull. Soc. sci. Bretagne 47, 43-48. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 1973. Influence de la photoperiode sur le cycle biologique de Halesus radiatus Curtis (Limnephi T We are indebted to A. Fjeldsa and 0. Wiig for lidae). Bull. Soc. sci. Bretagne 48, 193 -196. commenting on the manuscript, to M. Diaz for - 1978. Larval and imaginal diapauses in Limnephi technical assistance, and to E. Pierce for impro lidae. - In: Crichton, M.1. (ed,), Proc. 2nd Int. ving the language. Symp. Trich. Junk, The Hague. pp 109-115. 86 - 1979. Comparaison entre la diapause larvaire chez - 1948. Postembryonic development and biology of Anabo/ia nervosa Curtis et Halesus radiatus Cur the Hydroptilidae. A contribution to the phylo tis (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Annls Limnolo geny of caddis flies and to the question of the ori gie 14. 215-224. gin of the case-building habit. Bioi. Skr. K. danske Dittmar, H. 1955. Ein Sauerlandbach. Untersu vidensk. Selsk. 5 No. 1, 1-200. chungen an einem Wiesen-Mittelgebirgsbach. - 1950. Notes on the genus Apatidea MacLachlan. Arch. Hydrobiol. 50, 305-552. With descriptions of two new and possibly ende Elliott, J.M. 1967. Invertebrate drift in a Dartmoor mic species from the springs of Himmerland. Ent. stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 63, 202-237. Meddr 25, 384-404. - 1968. The life histories and drifting ofTrichoptera Novak, K. & Sehnal, F. 1963. The development cycle in a Dartmoor stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 37, of some species of the genus Limnephilus (Tri 615-625. choptera). Cas. ceske Spol. ent. 60, 68 - 80. - 1971. Life histories and drifting of three species of Nybom, O. 1960. List of Finnish Trichoptera. Fauna Limnephilidae (Trichoptera). Oikos 22, 56-61. fenn. 6, I-56. Forsslund, K.-H. & Tjeder, B. 1942. Catalogus Insec Otto, C. 1971. Growth and population movements of torum Sueciae. n. Trichoptera. Opusc. ent. 7, Potamophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera) larvae in a 93-107. South Swedish stream. Oikos 22,292-301. Garside, A. 1979. A character separating the larvae - 1981. Food related adaptations in stream living of Halesus radiatus (Curtis) and H. digitatus caddisfiy larvae feeding on leaves. Oikas 37, (Schrank) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Entomo 117-122. logist's Gazette 30, 137 -139. Resh, V.H. 1976. Life histories of coexisting species Gower, A.M. 1973. The life cycle and larval growth of Ceraclea caddisflies (Trichoptera: Leptoceri of Drusus annulatus Stephens (Trichoptera: Lim dae): the operation of independent functional nephilidae) in a mountain stream. J. Ent. (A) 47, units in a stream ecosystem. Call. E/ll. 108. 191-199. 1303-1318. Grant, P.R. & Mackay, RJ. 1969. Ecological segre Schmid, F. 1955. Contribution it l'etude des Lilnnop gation of systematically related stream insects. hilidae (Trichoptera). Mill. schlleiz. ellt Ges. 18. Can. J. Zool. 47, 691-694. 1-245. GOthberg, A. 1970. Die Jahresperiodik der Trichop Solem, J.O. 1981. Overwintering strategies in some terenimagines in zwei lapplandischen Bachen. Norwegian caddisflies. - In: Moretti, C.P (ed.) Osterr. Fisch. 23,118-127. Prac. 3rd Int. Symp. Trich. Junk. The Hague. pp Hanna, H.M. 1957. A study of the growth and fee 321-322. ding habits of the larvae of four species of Caddis - 1983. Identification of the Norwegian larvae of flies. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 32, 139-146. the genus Potamophylax Wallengren, 1891 (Tri Hickin, N.E. 1967. Caddis larvae. Larvae of the Bri choptera, Limnephilidae) with data on life histo tish Trichoptera. Hutchinson. London. 476 pp. ries, habitats and food in the Kongsvoll area, Dov Hiley, P.D. 1978. Some aspects of the life histories of refjell mountains, Central Norway. Fauna narv. Limnephilidae (Trichoptera) related to the distri Ser. B. 30,69-76. bution of their larvae. - In: Crichton, M.I. (ed.) Svensson, B.W. 1972. Flight periods, ovarian matu Proc. 2nd. Irtt. Symp. Trich. Junk, The Hague. pp. ration, and mating in Trichoptera at a South Swe 297-301. dish stream. Oikos 23, 370-383. Hynes, H.B.N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. - 1974. Population movements of adult Trichoptera Liverpool Univ. Press, Liverpool. 555 pp. at a South Swedish stream. Oikos 25, 157-175. Hlies, J. 1952. Die Molle. Faunistisch-okologische Svensson, B.W. & Tjeder, B. 1975. Check-list of the Untersuchungen an einem Forellenbach im Lip Trichoptera of North·West Europe. Ent. scand. 6, per Bergland. Arch. Hydrobiol. 46, 424-612. 261-274. Iversen, T.M. 1976. Life cycle and growth of Tri Tobias, W. 1969. Die Trichopteren der Lule Lapp choptera in a Danish spring. Arch. Hydrobiol. 78, mark (Schweden). n. Verzeichnis der Arten, Fun 482-493. dorte und Flugzeiten. Ent. Z. Frankf a. M. 79. Koponen, S. 1977. Light trap catches of insects at 77-96. Kevo, northernmost Finland. Nowl. ent. 57, Ulfstrand, S. 1968. Life cycles of benthic insects in 53-57. Lapland streams (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Tri Lepneva, S.G. 1971. Larvae and pupae of Integripal choptera, Diptera Simuliidae). Oikas 19, pia. - In: Strelkov, A.A. (ed.) Fauna of the 167-190. U.S.S.R. Trichoptera vol. 11, No. 2. Israel Program - 1970. Trichoptera from River Vindelalven in for Scientific Translations. Jerusalem. 700 pp. Swedish Lapland. A four-year study based mainly Lillehammer, A. 1978. The Trichoptera of 0vre He on the use of light-traps. Ent. Tidskr. 91,46-63. imdalsvatn. Holarct. Ecol. I, 255 - 260. Nielsen, A. 1942. Uber die Entwicklung und Biolo Received 9 Jan. 1984. gle der Trichopteren. Arch. Hydrobiol., Suppl. 17, 255-631. 87 Distribution and flight periods of Bibionidae (Dipt.) in the Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll, Central Norway LITA GREVE, JOHN O. SOLEM AND ANDERS OLSEN Greve, L., Solem, 10. & Olsen, A. 1984. Distribution and flight periods of Bibionidae (Dipt.) in the Dovrefjell Mountains near Kongsvoll, Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 3J, 88 - 91. " Malaise trap collections on eight sites between the elevations 900 m to 1350 m, in the Dov refjell mountains showed Bibio fulvipes Zetterstedt, B. rufipes Zetterstedt, B. pomonae (Fa bricius), B. clavipes Meigen, Dilophusfemoratus Meigen, and two so far unidentified species to be present. B. clavipes and D. femoratus are fairly common in the sub-alpine birch forest , and the lower part of the low alpine belt, and they fly in September-October. B. fulvipes was captured with highest numbers just above the tree-line and flies in July. B. pomonae and B. rufipes appeared with highest numbers in the sub-alpine birch forest and fly mainly in August. Lita Greve, University of Bergen, Museum of Zoology, Museplass 3, N-5000 Bergen, Nor way. John O. Solem and Anders 01sen, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Zoological De partment, Erling Skakkesgt. 47A, N-7000 Trondheim, Norway. INTRODUCTION As early as in 1838 1. W. Zetterstedt listed Bibio forest belt and five sites in the alpine belt. All nidae among a total of 463 specimens of Diptera sites are in EIS 79 and the UTM references are: from Norway. In the paper Norwegian Diptera, 1. B1esbekken, 1350 m a.s.1., low alpine belt, Siebke (1877) included 13 species of Bibio (listed 32VNQ 342084, as Hirtea) and two species of Dilophus, and 2. B1esbekken, 1200 m a.s.1., low alpine belt, Sch6yen (1884) made a note on mass swarming 32VNQ 332078, 3. Raubekken, 1200 m a.s.l., low alpine belt, of Bibio pomonae Fabr. However, since then 32VNQ 330080, very few researchers have dealt with Norwe 4. Kal1vella, 1220 m a.s.l., low alpine belt, 32VNQ gian material of this family. 266117. Adult specimens of Bibionidae are, however, 5. Stroplsj6en, 1289 m a.s.l., low alpine belt, easily caught because of their awkwardness 32VNQ 222115. (may be easily picked by hand when resting in 6. Blesbekken, 1000 m a.s.l., sub-alpine belt, the vegetation), and also because they quite of 32VNQ 320073, ten are abundant when present. 7. Raubekken, 900 m a.s.1., sub-alpine belt, 32VNQ 314078, 8. Jerosbekken, 900 m a.s.l., sub-alpine belt, 32VNQ 315052 STUDY AREA AND METHODS The area of sampling was the surroundings of The Malaise traps were positioned across the Kongsvoll Biological Station, and the samp streams with the main objective to collect aqua ling sites were located within or close to the tic insects. Collecting have been done over four Dovrefjell National Park. Data were collected years, 1980 to 1983, and commenced every year from eight sites using Malaise traps. Collections in Mayor June and lasted into October. i were done on both the eastern side, the Knutsh0 The sub-alpine belt in the area is characterized I mountains, and on the western side of the val by a birch forest and the upper limit for the ley. The localities are located at streams and four birch forest is 1080 m. Areas above the tree line lie on the western slope of the mountain S. belong to the alpine belt which can be sub-divi Knutsh0, two at the elevation of Kongsvoll Bio ded further. We are here only dealing with the ., logical Station and the two remaining in the mo lowest part of the alpine belt. See Sj6rs (I 967) untains west of Kongsvoll. Sampling was car and Ronning (I972) for more details about the rled out on three sites in the sub-alpine birch biotic zonation of Scandinavian mountains. 88 Fauna norv. Ser B, 31: 88-91. Oslo 1984. Table I. Number of Bibionidae captured at the various sites. See text for site definitions. Alpine belt Sub-alpine belt Sites no. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bibio clavipes (Meigen) 10 10 I 19 26 79 B. fluvipes Zetterstedt 242 14 3 I B. rufipes Zetterstedt 3 51 B. pomonae Fabricius I 15 61 Bibio spp. 17 Dilophus femoratus Meigen 26 4 15 85 measure for the distribution of the species we RESULTS AND DISCUSSION see from Tab. 1 that there are only two species, A total of 145 specimens of Bibio clavipes Mei B. clavipes and D. femoratus, that have a fairly gen, 77 specimens of B. pomonae Fabricius, 470 even distribution in the lower part of the alpine specimens of B. fulvipes Zetterstedt, 56 speci belt and in the sub-alpine belt. B. fulvipes. B. ru· mens of B. ruflpes Zetterstedt, 130 of Dilophus flpes, B. pomonae, and Bibio spp. are much more femoratus Meigen, and 17 of Bibio spp. were confined to particular habitats. B. rufipes and B. captured. The data on the identified species are pomonae are only distributed in the subalpine presented in Tables 1 and 2. All the unidentified belt. specimens were captured at the stream Kallvella, Previous reports on the distribution in Nor in the western part of the mountains. way are few, but B. clavipes has been collected at a few localities in the southern and eastern part of Norway (Siebke 1877). The species is Distribution known from all over Sweden and Finland Since the Malaise traps were positioned across (Wahlgren 1919, Hackman 1980), and is pro streams with the main objective to collect aqua bably widespread also in Norway. Pecina tic insects they were not ideally positioned for 0965a) states B. clavipes to inhabit both the the collection of Bibionidae. Larvae of Bibioni lowland and the mountains in Czechoslovakia, dae are phytosaprophagous, are terrestrial, and and this supports the assumption made above. live in the soil (Pecina 1965a). However, re D. femoratus has probably a similar distribu gardless of the position of the Malaise traps, the tion in Norway as B. clavipes. We identified D. collections gave data on the distribution and femoratus according to Haenni (982). Old re flight periods in,the area. cords from Norway must be revised and/or All five species were collected in the sub-al new records made before more facts about the J>ine and in the low alpine belts. However, only distribution can be achieved. one individual of B. fulvipes was captured at B. pomonae can not be regarded as an alpine 1350 m a.s.l., and only two individuals, one of species in the Dovrefjell mountains, but is consi each of B. clavipes and B. ruflpes, at the eleva dered as such at more southern latitudes (Pecina tion 1289 m. The specimens captured at these 1965a). B. pomonae is the only bibionid with a highest altitudes have their main distribution at Norwegian name, viz. «Russef}ue», which has lower elevations in the alpine belts or in the sub been known from old days. The distribution of alpine belt and must be regarded as accidental B. pomonae in Norway seems to be from the sea captures in the higher part of the low alpine belt. level (collected from Herdla westwards of Ber Our interpretation of the data collected is that gen) and the sub-alpine birch belt in the mounta B. fulvipes, Bibio spp., and D. femoratus must be ins. B. pomonae is assumed to be widespread in regarded as true inhabitants of the lower part of Scandinavia (Pecina 1965a). B. fulvipes was re the low alpine belt. The species mentioned are ported from Finmark (Siebke, 1877) and has la also common in the sub-alpine belt, while Bibio ter been recorded from middle Europe (Pecina, spp. only were captured in the alpine belt. B.ful 1965b). B. rufipes has been recorded from the vipes'should also be regarded as a true alpine Dovrefjell mountains and Kongsvoll (Siebke, species, but seems to be restricted to areas just 1877) and the species is distributed in Norway, above the tree line. When taking the number of Sweden and Finland (Hackman 1980, Krivoshe specimens captured in the various traps as a ina 1969). 89 Table 2. Number of individuals of Bibionidae captured at different dates July August September I October Dato 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 7 14 21 28 15 13 Bibio fulvipes Zetterstedt 5 99 112 34 11 I B. rufipes Zetterstedt 11 20 18 3 3 B. pomonae (Fabricius) I 11 6 18 25 7 8 I B. clavipes (Meigen) I 3 8 4 20 24 82 3 Dilophus femoratus Meigen 3 3 18 15 25 14 42 10 Flight periods The Malaise traps were used in the field from oratus have only one flight period per year, and early June or from the time of snow-melting to that the species flies in the summer in the low mid October. No bibionids were captured before land and in the autumn in the mountainous part mid July. The first species to appear was B.ful of Norway. vipes. Highest number of individuals of B.fulvi pes were captured in the late July, but the flight period extended into the second half of August. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The second species captured was B. pomonae Financial support was given by the The Norwe with the main flight period in mid August. A gian Research Council for Science and the Hu very similar flight period was also shown by B. manities, grant no. D.65.73-10. S. BreUen at ruflpes. B. clavipes and D. femoratus have their Kongsvoll Biological Station has in various main flight periods in September-early Octo ways given help during the field work. We are ber. One specimen of B. pomonae was captured indepted for all the assistance received. as late as October also. B. clavipes and D. femo ratus must be regarded as late autumn species. Our data on the flight period of B. clavipes agree with that reported from Czechoslovakia (Pecina I 965a) and England (Chandler & Ismay 1978). Pecina (I965a) mentioned that other authors REFERENCES B. clavipes have collected adults of in spring. A Chandler, P. & Ismay, J. 1978. 4. Major habitats. spring-summer (April to July) and an autumn Marshes and fens. In: Stubbs, A. & Chandler, P: (October-November) flight period QCcur in Bel A Dipterist's handbook. Amat Ent. 15.103-107. gium (Verbeke, 197 I). Our Malaise trap collec Hackman, W. 1980. A checklist of Finnish Diptera. tions in the Dovrefjell mountains covered the I. Nematocera and Brachycera (s.str.) Notul. ent. snowfree period of the ground, and there is no 60, 17-48. indication of two separate flight periods here. Si Haenni, loP. 1982. Revision des espeees europlien ebke (I 877), however, collected specimens from nes du groupe de Dilophus febrilis (L), avec desc June to September. None of his localities were in ription d'une esp&:e nouvelle (Diptera, Bibioni dae). Revue suisse Zool. 89. 337-354. the alpine belt. This indicates that the species eit Krivocheina, N.P. 1969. Bibionidae. In: Bej-Bienko, her have an earlier flight period, or have two se G.J. Opred. nas. evrope. tchasti SSSR. Akad. parate flight periods during the summer in the Nauk SSSR, Leningrad 5,433-442. lowland in Norway. Before anything more Pecina, P. 1965 a. Bohemian March-flies (Diptera, firmly can be stated about the flight period(s), Bibionidae) in the National Museum, Prague. Sb. more data are needed. D. femoratus appeared in faun. Praci ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze 11, August in the Dovrefjell mountains, but mass 285-297. swarming at June 16, 1955 was observed in the Pecina, P'. 1965 b. Three species of March-Flies ofthe lowland at Espeland, Fana county in the Horda genus Bibio Geoffroy (Bibionidae, Diptera) new to the Fauna of Czechoslovakia. Sb. ent. Odd. nur. land province. Pecina (1965 a) reported the Mus. Prace (Acta ent. bohemoslovaca) 62, flight period of D. femoratus to be later in the 235-237. mountains than in the lowland. Judging from R0nning, 0.1. 1972. Vegetasjonslrere. Universitets data in the literature, it seems likely that D. fem forlaget. Oslo, 100 pp. 90 Sch0yen, W.M. 1884. Nogle exempler paa insekters genre Bibio Geoffroy. Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Be/g. masseoptrreden i de siste par aar. Ent. Tidsskr. 5, 47, 1-22. 83-87. Wahlgren, E. 1919. Diptera. F0rsta uuderordningen. Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegico Myggor. Nemocera. Fam. Bibionidae. Svensk in rum Fascicu/um IV. Cata/ogum Dipterorum Con sektsfauna, 131 -140. tinentem. A. W. Bmgger, Christiania. 255 pp. Zetterstedt, J.W. 1838. Insecta Lapponica, Sectio Sj0rs, H. 1967. Nordisk viixtgeografi. 2 ed. Stock Tertia. Diptera Lipsiae. holm. 228 pp. Verbeke, J. 1971. Bibionidae de la fauna Beige. I. Le Received 14 Feb. 1984. 91 Some recent records of Hybotidae and Microphoridae (Dipt. Empidoidea) from Norway TERJE JONASSEN Jonassen, T. 1984. Some recent records of Hybotidae and Microphoridae (Dipt., Empidoi dea) from Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 31, 92-95. New faunal data are given for 46 species of Hybotidae and Microphoridae. Of these, 10 spe cies are reported from Norway for the first time. Terje Jonassen, N-4l15 Songesand, Norway. INTRODUCTION HYBOTIDAE During the last couple of years I have been col Subfamily Tachydromllnae lecting Diptera of the superfamily Empidoidea, Platypalpus ciliaris (Fallen) , mostly in the province of Rogaland, south-wes - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Gravaren, EIS 7, I cl tern Norway. This has yielded several species 27 September 1981; H01e, EIS 7, I cl 22 July 1982. new to Norway, as well as new to many faunal Platypalpus stigmatellus (Zetterstedt) divisions. - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Kubbetj0nn, EIS 7, The present report covers the families re 2 Q Q 22 June 1982; RI, Forsand: Songesand, cently dealt with by ChvaIa 0975,1983) in his EIS 7, IQ 10 July 1981; IQ 8 August 1982; important works on the Scandinavian Empidoi 3 Q Q 9-11 September 1982; I cl 18 June 1983~ dea, viz. the Hybotidae and the Microphoridae. Platypalpus pectoralis (Fallen) New faunal data are given for 46 species of - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: H01e, EIS 7, IQ 22 these families. Of these, 10 species (marked with July 1982. an exclamation mark (!» are reported from Nor Platypalpus maculus (Zetterstedt) way for the first time. - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, I Q 29 June 1981. In his most recent work on the Scandinavian Platypalpus unguiculatus (Zetterstedt) Empidoidea, ChvaIa (1983) introduces a «new» - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: R0ssdalen, EIS 7, I Q classification, Le. he splits the former «Empidi 27 June 1982; Songesand, EIS 7, IQ 5 August dae» into four families: Hybotidae, Atelestidae, 1982; I cl 2 August 1983; Helmikst01, EIS 8, 1 cl, Microphoridae and Empididae. The present re 1 Q 5 August 1982. port follows ChvaIa 0975, 1983). Platypalpus longicornis (Meigen) This paper forms the first of three projected - Rogaland, RY, Stavanger: Sunde, EIS 7, IQ 4 reports on recent finds of Norwegian Empidoi June 1982, K. Rognes; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS dea. The next two parts will deal with the Empi 14, I Q 25 July 1982; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, I Q 9 September 1982; I cl Q (in copula), didae (in the strict sense) and the Dolichopodi 2 Q Q 19 August 1983; Daladalen, EIS 8, I Q 7 dae, respectively. August 1983. The material which forms the basis of this (!) Platypalpus difJicilis (Frey) study has, where nothing else is mentioned, - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, I cl 18 been collected by the author and is deposited in May 1982; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, I Q 24 the author's collection. The material has mainly June 1981. Both specimens were hand-netted on been collected by means of a hand-net or a garden shrubbery. The genitalia of the male speci sweep-net. Furthermore, a malaise-trap and wa men have been dissected and examined. They ag ter-traps have been operated. Tree trunk- and ree with the figures given by ChvaJa (1975). New to Norway. other surface-running species (e.g. Tachypeza) (!) Platypalpus pulicarius (Meigen) have mostly been collected by putting a collec - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, I Q 2 tor's glass directly over the specimen. July 1981. The geographical division follows 0kland This single specimen was caught among' low ve (1981). getation in a garden. Although no males are at 92 Fauna norv. Ser. B, 3/: 92-95. Oslo 1984. hand, the combination of 4-serial acrostichals, June 1981; I 9 4 June 1982; Stavanger: Nordre pale bristles, small antennal segment 3 with yel Sunde, EIS 7, I 9 17 June 1977, K. Rognes; Ren low basal segments, completely yellow legs inclu nes0y: Vikevag, EIS 14, Id, I 9 10 June 1982; ding coxae, and a small, black tibial spur, should Morkavatn, EIS 14, 3 d d 11 June 1982; F0rs be enough to confirm the species. New to Nor voll, EIS 14, 19 11 June 1982; RI, Forsand: way. Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 18 June 1983. Platypalpus nigritarsis (Fallen) Tachypeza nubila (Meigen) - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 19 - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Lutsi, EIS 7, 29 9 4 17 August 1981; 19 7 August 1982; Id 8 Au June 1982; Dale, EIS 7, I d 9 June 1982; Mels gust 1982; Id, I 9 20 August 1982; I d 2 Au hei, EIS 7, I d 6 July 1982; Stavanger: Kverne gust 1983; 19 10 August 1983; Helmikst01, EIS vikskogen, EIS 7, I d 6 July 1981, K. Rognes; RI, 8, I d 22 July 1983. Forsand, Songesand, EIS 7, 19 16 August 1982; Platypalpus minutus (Meigen) I d 28 May 1983; Helmikst01, EIS 8, I d 5 Au - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, gust 1982. Id 6 June 1981; 19 21 July 1981; 19 26 July (I) Tachypeza fennica Tuomik9s.ki 1981; 19 10 June 1982; Id, 299 25 July - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Skurvedalen, EIS 7, 1982; Id, I 9 5 July 1983; RI Forsand, Songe I d 19 June 1982; Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 8 June sand, EIS 7, Id 4 July 1981; 19 5 July 1981. 1983; 19 20 June 1983; 19 23 June 1983. Platypalpus maculipes (Meigen) Easily distinguished in the males due to the cha - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: H01e, EIS 7, Id 22 racteristic pattern of maculations on the anterior July 1982; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 12 side of the front femora and the ventral tubercle at November 1982. the base of femur 2. The male specimen was cap Platypalpus annulatus (Fallen) tured on the standing trunk of a dead pine. The - 0stfold, 0, Fredrikstad: 0ra, EIS 20, I 9 24 females were all taken on the outside walls of my June 1979, K. Rognes. house. One of the females carried a Sciaridae sp. Platypalpus notatus (Meigen) as prey. New to Norway. - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, Tachydromia aemula (Llew) 2 d d 3 July 1981; I d 24 August 1982; Songe - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 sandst0len, EIS 7, Id 20 August 1982; Moen, 13 June 1981; Id 26 June 1983, 19 5 August EIS 7, Id 27 June 1983; R0ssdalen, EIS 7, 19 1982; Moen, EIS 7, I 9 27 June 1983; Horda 27 June 1982; Helmikst0len, EIS 8, 2 dd, 49 9 land, HOI, Odda: Odda, EIS 32, 29 9 24 July 5 August 1982; Daladalen, EIS 8, I d 7 August 1983. 1983. Tachydromia umbrarum Haliday Platypalpus interstinctus (Collin) - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, I 9 18 - Aust-Agder, AAY, Trom0Y: Trom0Y kirke, October 1981; Melshei, EIS 7, Id 14 June 1982; EIS 6, I d 27 July 1983. Stavanger: Madlaforen, EIS 7, Id, 19 4 July Platypalpus ecalceatus (ZetterstedO 1981, K. Rognes; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, - Rogaland, RY, Klepp: 0ksnevad, EIS 7,39 9 19 13 June 1981; Id 25 June 1983. 15 June 1982; RI, Forsand: R0ssdalen, EIS 7, (!) Chersodromia cursitans (Zetterstedt) 399 2? June 1982. - Rogaland, RY, Ha: Brusand, EIS 3, 29 9 7 Platypalpus longiseta (ZetterstedO July 1982. These two specimens were caught run - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, 19 2 ning around on the semi-wet surface of a sandy July 1981; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, 2 dd, beach. New to Norway. I Q 25 July 1982; I 9 6 July 1983; 'RI, Forsand: Chersodromia arenaria (Haliday) Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 17 August 1981. - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, Platypalpus major (ZetterstedO 19 26 July 1981. - Vest-Agder, VAY, Mandal: Hauge, EIS 2, 19 This specimen was caught under sea-weed on a 30 May 1982; Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: H01e, EIS rocky beach. Previously not recorded south of 7,19 22 July 1982; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, NT. 19 31 May 1981; 19 7 June 1981; 19 10 June 1982; 19 5 July 1983; Finn0Y: Kyrkj0y, EIS 14, I 9 4-5 June 1983, K. Rognes; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 29 June 1982. Subfamily Hybotlnae Platypalpus candicans (Fallen) Hybos grossipes (L.) - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Sviland, EIS 7, 19 9 - Telemark, TEI, Kviteseid: Skredi, EIS 17, Id July 1982. 25 June 1980, K. Rognes; Rogaland, RY, Sand Platypalpus cursitans (Fabricius) nes: Sviland, EIS 7, I d 9 July 1982; Kubbetj0nn, - Rogaland, RY, Stavanger: Sunde, EIS 7, 19 6 EIS 7, I 9 22 June 1982; Melshei, I 9 6 July June 1981, K. Rognes: RI, Forsand: Songesand, 1982;' Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14. I 9 25 July EIS 7, I 9 I June 1983. 1982. Platypalpus verra/li (Collin) (!) Hybos culiciformis (Fabricius) - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, 19 20 - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, 93 I 9 20 July 1981; I d 9 (in copula) 2 September Bicellaria intermedia Lundbeck 1981; 19 11 July 1983; RI, Forsand: Songesand, - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, I 9 EIS 7, Id 21 August 1983. 17 July 1983; Songesandst0len, EIS 7, 19 27 Au New to Norway. gust 1983; Helmikst01, EIS 8, I 9 5 September Hybos femoratus (Muller) 1982. - Aust-Agder, AAY, Trom0Y: Trom0Y kirke, Bicellaria nigra (Meigen) EIS 6, I d 27 July 1982; Vest-Agder, VAY, Man - Aust-Agder, AAY, Trom0Y: Gjerstad, EIS 6, dal: Skjern0Y, EIS 2, I 9 17 July 1977, K. Rog I d 22 May 1983; Vest-Agder, VAY, Mandal: nes; Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, Skmvje, EIS 2, I 9 30 May 1982; Rogaland, RY, 19 2 September 1981; Sel, EIS 14, Id 10 July Sandnes: Gravaren, EIS 7, I d 20 July 1981; 1983; RI, Forsand: Songesand, Id 10 July 1981. Dale, EIS 7, I d 9 June 1982; H01e, EIS 7, I d 4 June 1982; I 9 22 July 1982; RI, Forsand: Songe sand, EIS 7, Id, 29 9 4 June 1983; I 9 20 June 1983; I 9 2 August 1983. These are the southernmost finds from Norway. Previously not recorded south of NN0. In order Subfamily Ocydromllnae to secure a correct determination, the male genita (!) Trichinomyia flavipes (Meigen) lia of all Bicellaria species have been dissected and - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, 19 18 examined. October 1981; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, (!) Oedalea flavipes Zetterstedt 19 10 September 1982; Id 8 September 1983; - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Melshei, EIS 7, I d 9 Helmikst01, EIS 8, I 9 13 October 1983. (in copula) 14 June 1982; Rennes0Y, Vikevag, EIS An autumnal species. Thus, the relatively sparse 14, Id 10 June 1982. Scandinavian records may be due to low collec These are the northernmost records fr9m Scandi ting activity at this time of year. The few captures navia. New to Norway. I have made indicate a rather wide variety of bio Euthyneura myrtilli Macquart' topes for this species. I have caught it in a garden, - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, Id on a wet, vertical rock-surface and on mushro 4 June 1983; Songesandst0len, EIS 7, I 9 25 June oms (Amanita). New to Norway. 1983. (!) Trichina c1avipes Meigen (!) Euthyneura gyllenhali (Zetterstedt) - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Sviland, EIS 7, Id 9 - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Sviland, EIS 7, I 9 9 July 1982; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, I 9 25 July 1982; RI, Forsand: R0ssdalen, EIS 7, I 9 27 July 1982; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 29 9 June 1982. 5 August 1982; I 9 17 July 1983; I d 6 August New to Norway. 1983; Helmikst0l, EIS 8, 19 5 July 1981. Ocydromia glabricula (Falh~n) New to Norway. - Rogaland, RY, Sandnes: Hana, EIS 7, Id 20 (!) Trichina bilobata Collin May 1981; Gravaren, EIS 7, I 9 20 July 1981; - Aust·Agder, AAY, Trom0Y: Trom0Y kirke, H01e, EIS 7, 29 9 22 July 1982; Rennes0Y: Vi EIS 6, I 9 27 July 1983; Rogaland, RI, Forsand: kevag, EIS 14, 19 2 September 1981; RI, For R0ssdalen, EIS 7, 19 26 June 1982. sand: R0ssdalen, EIS 7, 19 27 June 1982; Hel New to Norway. mikst01, EIS 8, I 9 5 August 1982. Bicellaria pilosa Lundbeck Ocydromia melanopleura Loew - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesandst0len, EIS - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Sel, EIS 14, 19 10 7, Id 18 June 1982; Id, 29 9 25 June 1983. July 1983. Bicellaria austriaca Tuomikoski Leptopeza flavipes (Meigen) - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, Id - Rogaland, RY, Stavanger, Godalen, EIS 7, Id 4 June 1983; I d 10 June 1983; Songesandst0len, 3 June 1980, K. Rognes; Sandnes: Melshei, EIS 7, EIS 7, Id 25 June 1983. Id 14 June 1982; Klepp: 0ksnevad, EIS 7,29 9 Bicellaria subpilosa Collin 15 June 1982. - Rogaland, RY, Gjesdal: Madlandsheia, EIS 7, Leptopeza borealis Zetterstedt Id, 29 9 7 July 1983, K. Rognes; RI, Forsand: - Rogaland, RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, Id Songesandst0len, EIS 7, Id 25 June 1983. 24 May 1983; I 9 I June 1983; I 9 4 June 1983; Bicellaria sulcata (Zetterstedt) 19 7 June 1983; Id 19 June 1983; 19 20 June - Aust-Agder, AAY, Trom0Y: Gjerstad, EIS 6, 1983. Id 22 May 1982; Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: F0r svoll, EIS 14, I d I 9 23 May 1981; Vikevag, EIS 14, Id 12 May 1982; Eltarvag, EIS 14, 2 d d 15 May 1982; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, Id 16 May 1983; Id 31 May 1983; Id 2 MICROPHORIDAE June 1983; I d, 19 4 June 1983; Id 16 June Microphorus holosericeus (Meigen) 1983; Songesandst0len, EIS 7, 19 25 June 1983; - Rogaland, RY, Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, Kallestein, EIS 8, I d 24 May 1983. I 9 6 June 1981; I d 10 June 1982. 94 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chviila, M. 1975. The Tachydromiinae (Dipt. Empi didae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna ent. I am greatly indebted to K. Rognes, Madla for scand. 3, 336 pp. the gifts of invaluable material, advice on genita Chviila, M. 1983. The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fen 1ia preparation etc. I would also like to thank A. noscandia and Denmark n. Fauna ent. scand. 12, Lund and I.K. Sunde, both Sandnes, for their as 279 pp. sistance in my fieldwork. 0kland, K.A. 1981, Inndeling av Norge til bruk ved biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidert Strandsys tern. Fauna, Oslo 34, 167-178. REFERENCES Coliin, J.E. 1961. British flies. VI: Empididae. Camb ridge University Press, 782 pp. Received 6 Feb. 1984. , 95 Ouster analysis of milliped communities of different altitudes and distances from the coast in Setesdalen, Southern Norway AGE SIMONSEN Simonsen, Age 1983. Cluster analysis of milliped communities of different altitudes and dis tances from the coast in Setesdalen, Southern Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 31. 96 -I02. Milliped communities along a gradient from the coast up to the alpine zone are compared. The communities are clustered together by help of similarity indices and the homogene ity (heterogeneity of the area investigated. Changes in the relative abundances of the species with distances from the coast are il1ustrated and the species turnover rate calculated. Age Simonsen, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, N-SOOO Bergen. Norway. INTRODUCTION up to 900 meter at Hovden with th,e greatest Different invertebrate groups have previously slope between Bykle and Hovden. The distance been investigated with respect to the altitudinal from the coast to Hovden is about 220 km. The zonation of their species composition. Lindberg climate is moderately continental. Mean yearly (I 945) studied the Heteroptera-fauna in the Bul precipitation decreases significantly between garian mountains, Lindroth (I949) studied the Evje and Valle (table I). Carabidae in Scandinavia and Hagvar (I976) studied altitudinal zonation in number of species of Heteroptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera and Sampling sites Araneida from Norway. During the sampling period 20 localities from The general trend seems to be that the num six main areas along the river valley were in ber of species decrease with increasing altitude, vestigated (table 2). The objective was to obtain and that the magnitude of a species' latitudinal samples from the different types of habitats in range is correlated with that of its altitudinal range. km N No studies of altitudinal zonation milliped 100 ~ communities have previously been reported. My 220 investigation is part of a teamwork. Lars Tveit Vo/0 has investigated spider communities from the S same area. He found a great negative association 76 between number of species and elevation (Lars 190 Bykle Tveit, pers.commJ Nevertheless, Zapfe (I 96 I) 64 found the highest number of species in the middle ranges of the gradient in his studies of Araneida in Chile. 160 STUDY AREA The Otra river runs from the mountain area (Hovden, 59°30' -7°30') almost straight south, o and has its outlet near the city of Kristiansand (58° I0'- 5°9'). The river run though four main Kristiansand vegetation zones: the boreonemoral zone, the boreal zone and the alpine zone. The height 100 above sea level increases from zero at the coast Fig. I. Map of the Otra-valley. 96 Fauna nom Ser. H, 3J.. 96-102. Oslo 1984. Table 1. Climate Main Mean Mean temperature C Annual areas annual temp. temperature range C July Jan. Kristiansand 7,0 16,4 -0,8 17,2 Hregeland 5,0 15,2 -3,3 18,5 Byglandsfjord 5,3 15,2 -3,0 18,2 Austad 5,5 15,3 -3,6 18,9 Brokke Bykle 1,0 12,9 -3,9 16,8 Main Number of days from Mean yearly percipitation areas t >9°C to t <9°C. mm. Kristiansand 151 1412 Hregeland Byglandsfjord 139 1349 Austad 132 Brokke 735 Bykle 115 687 each main area. Localizations (VTM-grid refs.) aim of this association analysis was to test the and description of the localities are given in table homogeneity of the area. An area is regarded as 2. homogeneous if there are neither positive nor negative associatior.s among the species. Changes in relative abundances of the species SAMPLING with altitude are shown in a Kite-diagram (fig. The field work was carried out during the 2). Kendalls rank correlation coefficient were period 28/4-28/9 1980. During this period all used to find the correlation between number of localities were visited three times (28-30/4, species and distance from coast/altitude. 25-28/6 and 25-28/9). Vegetational data were collected at midsummer. At each visit at each locality three bags with litter and upper soil FAUNALCHANGE WITH ALTITUDE (about 4,5 riter) were collected and extracted in modified Tullgren funnels. Species were samp The species number decrease with increasing al led in ten pitfall-traps per locality. The traps titude or distance from the coast (table 4). Ken were replaced twice. dolls correlation coefficient shows a significant negative correlation (-0.87, p 0.000 between these values. The beta-diversity (based upon S0 rensen's indices) are large (0.75). Thus the spe MATHEMATICAL ANALYSES OF THE cies turnover are rapid. RESULTS Three species, Cylindroiulus londinensis As a starting point for a faunistic comparison (Leach 1815), Leptoiulus proximus Nemec 1896, both the coefficients of similarities of Serensen and Polydesmus denticulatus (C.L. Koch 1887) and of Bray-Curtis were calculated (Southwood, disappear between Kristiansand and Evje i.e. 1978). 10-70 km. from the coast. The similarity indices shown in Trellis diag Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach 1814) occurs rams (fig. 4 and 5) were clustered using the met up to Byg1al)d (100 km. from the coast). hod of Mountford (I 962). The clustering analy Glomeris marginata (Villers 1879) and Schi sis are shown in the dendrograms (fig. 6 and 7). zophyllum sabulosum (L. 1758) occur up to Beta-diversity were calculated using the method Valle (140 km. from the coast). of Pielou (I 969). Common 2 X 2 tables were At Bykle (I 90 km. from the coast, 560 m.o.s.) used to find associations between species. The only two species, Polyxenus lagurus (L. 1758) 97 Table 2. Description of sampling localities. Main Loc. Grid Ref. Vegetation Slope Description of Areas. rn. association locality Kristiansand I 32VMK379487 Populus-Quercetum 20 W Oak dominated 50 m.a.s. hardwood with sparce shrub layer. Stony. 15 km.f.coast 2 32VMK378489 Grassland - Open moist grassland. 3 32VMK378489 Populus-Quercetum 20 W Hardwood with oak aspen, sloe, sycamore. Sparce shrub layer. Rotten logs. 4 32VMK368529 Populus-Quercetum - Open calcareous pine wood. Evje 5 32VMK293947 Vaccinio-Pinetum 20 E Mixed wood of aspen, 300 m.a.s. pine, birch and sloe. 64 km.f.coast 6 32VMK283966 Vaccinio-Pinetum 30 E Relatively dense pine wood. 7 32VMK342973 Vaccinio-Pinetum 5 SE Mixed wood of pine and birch. 8 32VMK308987 Vaccinio-Pinetum - Open pine wood with same birches. Rotten logs. Bygland 9 32VML302195 Eu-Piceetum - Dense spruce w~od. 320 m.a.s. 100 km. from 10 32VML304198 Eu-Piceetum 20 W Open pine wood, with birch, sloe and spruce. Stony. II 32VML294226 Eu-Piceetum 5 W Open pine wood, with out shrub layer. 12 32VML284247 Eu-Piceetum - Pine and spruce wood Very stony. Valle 13 32VMLl53521 Eu-Piceetum 20 E Pine wood with spar 400 m.a.s. se shrub layer. 160 km. from 14 32VMLl56529 Melico-Piceetum 30 E Hardwood of sloe, birch and mountain ash, same pines and spruce. Very rich field layer with 22 herbs. 15 32VMLl51534 Eu-Piceetum - Coniferous wood. 16 32VMLl49553 Eu-Piceetum - Heterogenous site. Dry pine wood and more open moist areas with Sphagnum. Bykle 17 32VML058775 Eu-Piceetum 5 N Dense pine wood 600 m.a.s. 190 km. from 18 32VML055783 Eu-Piceetum 20 SE Mixed wood of birch coast and pines with many stones and sparse ground and field layer. Hovden 19 32VMM094058 Eu-Piceetum - Shrub layer of Betula 900 m.a.s. -Myrtilosum spp. Ground layer 220 km. from CIadonia dominated. coast. 20 32VMMI06086 Eu-Piceetum - Like loc. 19 -Myrtilosum 98 K". Fig. 2. Kite-diagram showing change in relative ab 230 undance with distance from the coast. The species ~u~ 200 are from left to right: Cylindroiulus londinensis, Clo w meris marginata, Polyxenus lagurus, Schizophyllum or I sabulosum, Cylindroiulus punctatus, Proteroiulus fu ~ 150 scus, Polydesmus complanatus, Polydesmus denticu ~ w latus and Leptoiulus proximus. ~ 100 ~ 70 Table 3. Species occurrences at the localities. lee. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 PoZyxenus Zagul"us X X X GZomel"is mal"ginata X X X X X PoZydesmus aompZanatus x X x x P. dentiauZatus x x X Pl"otel"oiuZus fusaus X XX XX XXXX X X X X LeptoiuZus pl"oximus X X CyZindl"oiuZus Zondinensis x x x C. punatatus XX X X X X X X SahiaophyZZum sabuZosum x x x x Table 4. S~cies occurrences in the main areas. Kristiansand Evje Byqland Valle Bykle Hovden CyZindl"oiuZus Zondinensis X LeptoiuZus pl"oximus X PoZydesmus dentiauZatus X CyZindl"oiuZus punatatus X X X GZomel"is mal"ginata X X X SahiaophyZZum sabuZosum X X X X PoZydesmus aompZanatus X X PoZyxenus Zagul"us X X X Pl"otel"oiuZus fusaus X X X X X 99 and Proteroiulus fuscus Am Stein 1857 occur. lOO 80 80 40 20 0 The Kite-diagram (fig. 2) show that C. puncta loco tus and G. marginata were most abundant at the 8 1 coast, while Schizophyllum sabulosum were most abundant uppermost in the Setesdal valley. Polyxenus lagurus and Polydesmus complanatus 11 lOO L. I758 occur in the boreal zone only. 13 88.7 15'h I Discussion I 58.4 12~lOO Hagvar (I 976) found that the number of species 18 138., decreased with the height above sealevel for dif 17 ferent invertebrate taxa. The same seems to be 10 true for millipeds. Correlations between altitudi ~.7 nal and latitudinal distributions usually are 14 found. Hagvar (1976) found no such correlation I 27.4 in his investigations from Norway. Among the millipeds such a correlation was not found eit 5=9 80.0 her. but the two species which occur uppermost in the valley also are the species which occur northernmost in Norway. As supposed by Hag 4 48.0 var, the Gulf Stream may well be responsible for ; this lack of correlation. In Setesdalen lack of favourable habitats 80.0 seems to be the main reason for the decrease in species number with altitude. Only with regard Fig. 3. Dendrogram showing similarities in species to one species, Cylindroiulus punctatus, does it composition between the main areas based on the 80 seems probable that the decrease in precipitation rensen Index. A = Kristiansand, B = Evje, C may limit the distribution. Bygland, D = Valle, E = Bykle, F = Hovden. COMPARISON AMONG MAIN AREAS for the area. Further analysis shows that the AND LOCALITIES Vaccinio-Pinetum localities together with all Eu The clustering analysis based upon S0rensen's Piceetum localities make a homogeneous subg index show that Kristiansand and Evje, which roup. are placed in the nemoral and boreonemoral The localities are separated into two main zone respectively, group together. The same is parts (fig. 6 and 7). The general pattern seems to true for the boreal zone areas. The alpine zone is be marked differences between coniferous characterized by lack of millipeds (fig. 3). (group I) and hardwoods (group 2). The mean Cylindroiulus punctatus is the dominant spe number of species were 3.9 in group I localities cies in the nemoral zone and together with Pro and lA in group 2 localities. teroiulus fuscus it also dominates in the boreo Exept for loc. 9 and 10 all group I localities nemoral zone. Proteroiulus fuscus is the domi are placed in the nemoral and boreonemoral nant species in the boreal zone. Polydesmus den zone, while all group 2 localities except loc. 7 ticulatus, Cylindroiulus londinensis and Leptoiu and 8 are from the boreal zone. Ius proximus are discriminant species for the ne moral zone, and Polydesmus complanatus is dis criminant species for the boreal zone together Discussion with Polyxenus lagurus. The classification into vegetation associations The association coefficient of Cole shows sig are based mainly upon the field and ground la nificant negative associations between Proteroi yer vegetations. Populus-Quercetum sites are re ulus fuscus and all other species except Polydes latively hot, dry and mineral rich habitat types. mus complanatus and Polyxenus lagurus. Thus, Vaccinio-Pinetum sites are dry and mineral the area as a whole is heterogeneous and Prote poor. Associations belonging to the Piceion com roiulusfuscus may be regarded as critical species munity are mineral poor but more humid than lOO 3 2 4 9 5 10 14 17 16 12 15 13 11 8 • 3 2 4 72.7 7 44.4 57.1 9 25 33.3 66.7 14 40 25 25 22.2 57.1 o o 17 o o 33.3 26.6 40 50 50 18 o o 33.3 211.6 40 50 50 57.1 12 o o 33.3 26.6 40 50 50 57.1 33.3 50 15 o o 40 33.3 50 66.7 611.7 33.3 0 6l1.7 13 o o 40 33.3 50 611.7 66.7 33.3 o 66.7 611.7 11 o o 40 33.3 50 611.7 611.7 33.3 o 66.7 66.7 66.7 8 o o 40 33.3 50 611.7 611.7 33.3 o 66.7 66.7 86.7 100 8 o o 40 33.3 50 611.7 6lI.7 33.3 o 66.7 66.7 66.7 100 100 81 percent similarity Fig. 4. Trellis diagram showing similarities between the localities based on the Bray-Curtis Index. 80 61 percent similarity 60 41 percent similarity 40 21 percent similarity 10 5 7 9 2 4 14 13 15 17 16 11 12 6 8 I 3 10 f---+- 5 30.2 7 21.' 40 11 11.' 28.1 32 2 30 50 25.7 23.11 4 7.3 34 11.8 35.3 20 14 6.4 8.8 15.11 0 23.8 13 0 o 4.7 0 11.1 15 0 o 4.7 0 11.1 o 17 0 o 9.1 0 8.7 8.7 18 0 o 31.4 0 13.3 9.1 20 11 0 o 4.1 0 14.3 o 25 25 12 0 o 7.0 0 13.8 6.11 222 22.2 20 8 0 o 4.2 0 14.6 o 211.6 211.6 25 20 8 0 o 3.5 0 11.1 o 12.5 12.5 11.6 6.3 100 - 81 percent similarity Fig. 5. Trellis diagram showing similarities between 80-61 percent similarity the localities based on the S0rensen Index. 60-41 percent similarity 101 lOO 80 60 40 20 millipeds, and English investigations have shown that different millipeds prefer different loc. leaves (Fairhurst & Armitage, 1979). This is shown most clearly in the boreonemoral zone (Evje) where the coniferous leaves dominated r and the deciduous leaves dominated Vaccinio 34·8 Pinetum sites group differently. 65.1 I~ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 230 I am indebted to Torstein Solh0y and Svein Fossa, Museum of Zoology, University of Ber gen, for critical reading of the manuscript, and 14 to Bjarne A. Meidell, Museum of Zoology, U.iB. 13 100 for good advices during the field period. I wish 1 to give a special thank to Cand.scient. Lars 15 J l 88.7 Tveit, Bergen, for help with the fieldwork. 17 I 19.1 18 11.6 REFERENCES .11 93.3 - 12 89.0 Abrahamsen, J. et al. 1977. Naturgeografisk region inndeling av Norden. G0tab, St0ckholm NUB l59.8 I977:B4, I-138. I Blower, J.G. 1958. British Millipedes (Diplopoda). Synopsis Br. Fauna. 11, London. 75 pp. Fig. 6. Dendrogram showing similarities between the Hammer, P. 1931. Tusenben. Danm. Fauna 35, K0 localities based on the Bray-Curtis Index. benhavn, 175 pp. Hagvar, S. 1976. AltitudinaI zonation of the inverte· • Vaccinio-Pinetum associations. Melico-Piceetum brate fauna on branches of birch (Betula pube· associations occur on relatively dry but mineral scens EhrhJ. Oslo. Norw. J. Ent. 23. 1,61-75. Lindberg, H. 1945. Zur Frage der vertikalen und ho rich soil and some of the differences in the milli risontalen Verbreitung der europaschen Heterop ped fauna may be due to this. In the oakwoods teren. Ergebnisse von Einsammlungen im Rila (Populus-Quercetum) xerophilic and termophilic Gebirge in Bulgarien. Notul. ent. 25,118-129. species with an eastern distributional range (like Mirov, N.T. 1967. The genus Pin us. Rohald Press, Glomeris marginata, Leptoiulus proximus and New York. 218 pp. Cylindroiulus londinensis) are found together Mountford, M. 1962. An Index of Similarity and its with more eurytopic hardwood-species like Poapplication to c1assificatory Problems. - In: lydesmus denticulatus and Schizophyltum sabuMurphy, P.W. (ed.) Progress in soil Zoology. But terworth, London, 43-50. losum. Glomeris marginata and Schizophyllum Pielou, E.C. 1969. An Introduction to Mathematical sabulosum also occur in the Meiico-Piceetum Ecology. Wiley-Interscience, New York, site. 240-241. Nevertheless, the differences cannot be expla Schbart, O. 1934. Tausendfussler oder Myriapoda. ined from edaphic and climatic reasons alone. - In: Dahl, F. (ed,) Tierw. Dtl. Gustav Fischer. Obviously, much of the differences are due to Jena. 318 pp. presence or absence of different trees at the loca lities. Leaf litter are the most important food for Received 10 Jan. 1984 o 20 40 60 80 100 , A Nemor.1 zone 60 B Boreonemorel zone , -.:4",6_. C Boreal zone i 73 I : 54 0 Boreal lone Fig. 7. Dendrogram show 0, ing similarities between the ~ E Boreal zone --1 I localities based on the I I F Alpine zone S0rensen Index. 102 Graptodytes pictus (Fabricius), Agabus sturmi (Gyl lenhal), Ilybius aenescens Thomson, 1. fuliginosus ( Short communications) (Fabricius), Rhantus suturellus (Harris) and Grapho derus zonatus (Hoppe). BlDESSUSGROSSEPUNCTATUSVORBRINGER DISCUSSION (COL.. DYTISCIDAE) NEW TO NORWAY The species has recently been recorded from Fenno GOSTA HAGENLUND scandia (Huggert & Nilsson 1978, Holmen 1979, Ru Bidessus grossepunctatus Vorbringer is reported for tanen 1979), though it was distributed all over Eu the first time in Norway in the lake 0stre Kalvvann rope south of Scandinavia (Ienistea 1978). The gaps (Gjerstad, Aust-Agder county). The lake was a typi in the distribution in Sweden and Norway was large cal brown water lake in the lowland coniferous re (Huggert & Nilsson 1978, Nilsson 1983), but would gion of Southern Norway. confirm a dispersal from Denmark along the coast of B. grossepunctatus seemed to be closely associated Norway and Sweden. A few specimens were dissec to the Spagnum-mire surrounding the lake. The habi ted. Although several were young (cf. Jackson 1973, tat could explain the fairly sudden discovery all over no flight muscles (cf. Jackson 1952, 1956a, 1956b) Scandinavia in a few years. were discovered. Passive migration (e.g. Freeman 1945, Baranowski & Giirdenfors 1974) of this small G6sta Hagenlund, Paal Bergsv. 50, N-1349 Rykkinn, (length about 1,9 mm) species would be assumed, but Norway. other reasons of the distribution seemed more plau sible (cf. Huggert & Nilsson 1978); It bears a close re semblance to the more common B. unistriatus INTRODUCTION Schrank (Schaeflein 1962, 1971), it was «flightless» (cf. Jackson 1952), and few investigations seemed to During investigations of the dytiscid fauna in the pro have been done in this habitat type. Thus the unusual vince of Aust-Agder, South Norway, I found several habitat could wen explain the apparent recent disper species in Sphagnum-mires surrounding the lakes. sal in Fennoscandia. The methods used are given in Huggert & Nilsson (1978). Several species of Dytiscidae select Sphagnum as optimal habitat for reproduction (e.g. Galewski 197 I). The discovery of Bidessus grossepunctatus Vorbringer in Sweden (Huggert & Nilsson 1978) REFERENCES Finland (Rutanen 1979) and Denmark (Holme~ 1979) made me reinvestigate some of my specimens. Baranowski, R. & U. Gardenfors. 1974. Vinddrift av jordl6pare i sydostra Skane. Entomologen 3 35-52. ' RESULTS Galewski, K. 1971. A study of morphobiotic adapta tions of European species of the Dytiscidae (Cole In lake 0stre Kalvvann (AAy, Gjerstad, UTM 32V optera). Polskie Pismo ent. 4/, 488-702. NL 0826, Tab. I) one species turned out to be Bides Holmen, M. 1979. Fire vandkalve nye for Danmark sus grossepunctatus Vorbringer (det. M. Holmen, med opplysninger om deres udbredelse og levevis Copenhagen). The species was common in the (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Ent. meddr 47, 89-95. Sphagnum during June and July 1979 and July 1980. Huggert, L. & A. N. Nilsson. 1978. Antecningar om This was the only species found in the Sphagnum tre dykar after. Ent. tidsskr. 99, 25-29. at this lake. In the lake were Hyphydrus ovatus (L.), Ienistea, M.-A. 1978. Hydradephaga und Palpicor Hygrotus inaequalis (Fabricius), H. versicolor (Schal nia. - In: J. Illies (ed.). Limnofauna Europea. ler), H. quinquelineatus (Zetlerstedt), Coelambus no Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart - New York, pp. vemlineatus (Stephens), Hydroporus obscurus Sturm, 271-314. Jackson, D. 1952. Observations on the capacity for flights of water beetles. Proc. R. ent. Soc. London (A). 27,57-70. Table I. Some characteristics of lake 0stre Kalvvann (Gjerstad, Aust-Agder county). Water samples are ta Jackson, D. 1956 a. Observations of flying and fligh tless waterbeetles. J. Linn. Soc. London (Zoo/.). 43 ken at the shore. Mean values of samples taken du 18-43. ' ring the ice free season are given. Jackson, D. 1056 b. The capacity for flight of certain water beetles and its bearing on their origin in the pH K I8 pT Water Ca + + western Scottish Isles. Proc. Linn. Soc. London. fluctuations /67, 76-96. pS/cm cm mg Rutanen, I. 1979. The distribution of Bidessus uni striatus and B. grossepunctatus in eastern Fenno 5,5 21 20 10 2,4 scandia. Notul. ent. 59, 163-164. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 31: Oslo 1984. 103 Schaeflein, H. 1962. Kritische Gedanken zu Bidessus dal, dam mer Atnsj0en UTM NP 6260 og Myrt grossepunctatus Vorbringer und unistriatus j0rni UTM NP 5863. On, Vinstra, tjern nord for Schrank. Nachr. Bayerischen Ent. 11,73-78. Musvoldkampen UTM NP 5563. Andre funn: Schaeflein, H. 1971. 4. familie: Dytiscidae, echte Dominerende Dytiscidae i oligotrofe innsj0er i Schwimmkiifer. - In: H. Freude, K. W. Harde, AAy og VAy (Hagenlund upubL). G. A. Lohse (oos.). Die Kiiler Mitteleuropas 3 Hygrotus quillquelineatus (Zetterstedt). 0, Halden, Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, pp. 16-89. Nordre Boksj0 UTM PL 5349 og S0re Boksj0 UTM PL 5447. Received 8 Feb. 1984. St0rre oligotrofe innsj0er, N. boksj0 med mer dy enn S. Boksj0. Habitat omtrent som for L. stroehmi. Vanlig. AAy, Gjerstad, Store Finntjern UTM ML 9332 (leg. F. Kroglund) og 0stre Kalv NYE FUNN AV AKVATISKE COLEOPTERA I vann UTM NL 0826. Begge var innsj0er typiske S0R-NORGE for barskogsbeltet med lite utviklet Iittoralsone og dy-bunn. G6STA HAGENLUND Hydroporus lapponum (Gyllenhal). HEn, Stor-Elvdal, Thirty species of water beetles, mostly Dytiscidae, dam mer Atnsj0en UTM NP 6260 og Kamptj0rni were reported from new districts in Norway. The ha UTM NP 6064. bitats were described. The most important environ H. angustatus Sturm. AAy, Ris0r, Kvennevann mental parameters were the area of the water, the UTM NL 1003. Eutrof, hum0s innsj0 med velut water current and the vegetation- and bottom struc viklet helofytt-belte pa dy-bunn. Mye detritus. ture. Habitat descriptions were given only for repro Sporadisk. ducing animals, as many species were capable of H. palustris (L.). SFy, Fjaler, semitemporrer pytt pa flight and could therefore be temporary inhabitants beitemark UTM LP 0409. Noe flasketarr (e. ro of the locality. Reproduction way assumed to have strata) pa jordbunn. J occurred when larvae were found or when phenolo H. melanocephalus (Marsham). SFy, Fjaler, habitat se gical observations suggested it. H. palustris. H. obscurus Sturm. SFy, Fjaler, habitat se H. palus Gosta Hagenlund, Paal Bergsv. 50, N-1349 Rykkinn. tris og Sphagnum-dam nrer Krokavatn UTM LP 0714. H. planus (Fabricius). SFy, Fjaler, brakkvannspytt pa INNLEDN1NG fjellbunn i geclittoralsonen pa 0yna i Dalsfjorden UTM LP 0309. Siden Lindroth (1960) er «Catalogus Coleopterorum H. obsoletus Aube. SFy, Fjaler, semitemporrer pytt i Fennoscandiae et Daniae» delvis ajourf0rt flere Helleberget UTM LP 0711. Sma groper pa bart ganger (e.g. 0stby 1969, Strand 1970a, 1970b, 1977, fjell, noe detritus pa bunnen. Fjellberg 1972, Zachariassen 1977, Dolmen & Han H. longicornis Sharp. HEn, Stor-Elvdal, Atnsj0en sen 1982, Hansen & Olsvik 1982). De fleste av disse UTM NP 6062. syntes a mangle gode habitat-beskrivelser, ofte ble Stictotarsus duodecimpustulatus (Fabricius). SFy, bare biotopen beskrevet. Med habitat menes her det Fj aler, habitat se H. palustris og Gaular, Hauke sted arten valgte a reprodusere. Siden mange vann dalsvann (leg. G. Raddum). billelarver fremdeles er ubeskrevet (e.g. Nilsson Potamonectes g. griseostriatus (Degeer). SFy, Gulen 1982a) er habitat-beskrivelser ogsa gitt der imago ble Furesdalsvann ved Yndstad UTM LN 0263 (leg. funnet a ha helt myk kutikula eller fenologiske obser G. Raddum). VAy, vanlig i flere innsj0er (leg. G. vasjoner antyder reproduksjon. Halvorsen). Regionangivelsene f01ger Strand (I 943). I-km P. g. multilineatus (Falkenstrom). HEn, Stor-Elvdal, UTM ruter er angitt hvis mulig (0stby 197 I). No Kamptj0rni UTM NP 6064 og Folldal, Reivtj0rni menklaturen f01ger Silferberg (I 979) med ett unntak. UTM NP 5467. Agabus solieri Aube er regnet som underart til A. biP. depressus (Fabricius). HOi, Granvin, Granvinvann pustulatus (L.) (Nilsson 1982b). UTM LN 71 (leg. G. Raddum). Oreodytes sanmarki Sahlberg (rivalis Gyllenhal). HEn, Folldal, vanlig i Atnaelva. FAM. DYSTISClDAE Platambus maculatus (L.l. SFy, Fjaler, habitat se H. Laccophilus stroehmi Thomsen. AAy, Gjerstad, Hei palustris. landsvann UTM ML 9032. Vegetasjonsfattig inn Agabus nigroaeneus Erichson. HEn, Stor-Elvdal, Sj0 med sand- og siltbunn. Starr (Carex sp.) og dammer nrer Atnsj0en UTM NP 6260. botnegress (Lobelia dortmanna) dominerte. Van A. bipustulatus ssp. solieri Aube. HEn, Stor-Elvdal, Iig. sammen med H. lapponum. Bidessus grossepunctatus Vorbringer. AAy, Gjerstad, A. sturmi (GyllenhalJ. SFy, Fjaler, Nedre Fossedals 0stre KaIvvann UTM NL 0826. F0rste funn i vann UTM LP 0713. Innsj0 med isoetider pa Norge (se Hagenlund 1984). sandbunn. Gulen, Furesdalselv ved Yndstad Coelambus novemlineatus (Stephens). HEn, Stor-Elv UTM LN 0263(1eg. G. RaddumJ. 104 Fauna norv. Ser. B. 3 J.. Oslo 1984. A. labiatus (Brahm). HEn, Stor-Elvdal, sammen med gave fra Zoologisk Instftutt, Universitetet i Oslo. G. A. nigroaeneus. Raddum bidro med materialet fra vassdragsregule J/lybius fenestratus (Fabricius). AAy, Gjerstad, Hei ringsunderS0kelser og fra SNSF-prosjektet. G. Halv landsvann, se L. stroehmi og Lundvann UTM ML orsen har latt meg bestemme billematerialet fra Halv 9731, samme habitat-type som i Heilandsvann. orsen (1981). F. Kroglund fant to av artene fra AAy. I. fu/iginosus (Fabricius). SFy, Fjaler, habitat se H. palustris. J. guttiger (Gyllenhal). AAy, Gjerstad, Lille Finntjern UTM ML 9332. Tjern omgitt av Sphagnum spp. REFERANSER J. aenescens Thomson. SFy, Fjaler, habitat se H. paDolmen, D. & O. Hansen. 1982. Rhantus notatico//is lustris og Sphagnum-dam mer Krokavatn sam Aube (Col., Dytiscidae) a species new to Norway. men med H. obscurus. Fauna norv. Ser. B 29, 45. Rhantus suture//us (Harris). HEn, Stor-Elvdal, dam Eriksson, U. 1972. The invertebrate Fauna of the Kil mer Atnsj0en UTM NP 6260 og Myrtj0rni UTM pisjiirvi area, Finnish Lappland. 10. Dytiscidae. NP 5863 og Folldal, Reivtj0rni UTM NP 5467. Acta. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 80, 121-160. Colymbetes dolabratus (PaykuU). HEn, Folldal, Re Fjellberg, A. 1972. Coleoptera from Hardangervidda. ivtj0rni UTM NP 5467. Fauna Hardangervidda 1,1-74. Graphoderes zonatus (Hoppe). AAy, Gjerstad, 0stre Hagenlund, G. 1984. Bidessus grosseounctatus Vorb Kalvvann, Reproduserte neppe. ringer (Col., Dytiscidae) new to Norway. Fauna Dytiscus lapponicus (Gyllenhal). AAy, Gjerstad, i norv. Ser. B. 31, xx-xx. 1979 til 1981 vanlig i flere typer st0rre vann med Halvorsen, G. 1981. Hydrografi og evertebrater i dy-bunn. Flere individer ble dissekert og hadde Lyngdalsvassdraget i 1978 og 980. Kontaktutval antagelig flyvemuskler (cfr. Jackson 1956, Eriks get vassdragsreguleringer. Rapp. 26, 1-89. son 1972). Hansen, O. & H. 0lsvik, 1982. Nye funn av Coleop tera fra M0re og Romsdal. Fauna norv. Ser. B 29, FAM. GYRINIDAE 74-77. Jackson, D. 1956. The capacity for flight of certain Gyrinus suffriani Scriba. AAy, Ris0r, f0rste funn i water beetles and its bearing on their origin in teh Norge (Hagenlund in prep.). western Scottish Isles. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. J67, 76-96. Lindroth, C. H. (ed'>, 1960. Catalogus Coleopterorum FAM. ELMIDAE Fennoscandiae et Daniae. Entomologiska Sallska Elmis aenea (Muller) (maugei Bedel). HOi, Granvin, pet, Lund, 467 pp. till0pselv tiI Granvinvann UTM LN 71 og SFy, Nilsson, A. N. 1982a. A key to the larvae of the Fen Gaular, Gaula over Osfossen UTM LP 2308 (leg. noscandian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Fauna Norrl. G. Raddum). 2. 1-45. Nilsson, A. N. 1982b. A key to the identification of the known third-stage larvae of the Fennoscan DISKUSJON dian species of the genus Agabus Leach (Coleop tera, Dytiscidae). Ent. Scand. 13,33-38. Habitat-klassif\6eringen fulgte et system. som vii bli 0stbye, E. 1969. Records of Coleoptera from the publisert senere. Avgj0rende var st0rrelsen pa habita Finse Area. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 16, 41-43. tet - ogsa om det t0rket ut eller ikke, vannstf0m 0stbye, E. 1971. Bruk av UTM-systemet tillokalitet gjennom habitatet - i et funksjonelt lentisk habitat sangivelser i zoologisk forskning. Fauna. Oslo 24, kunne det vrere noe str0m der det samtidig var mye 1-9. vegetasjon, vegetasjonsstruktur og bunnforhold. Kjc Strand, A. 1943. Inndeling av Norge tiI bruk ved fau miske parametre var i de fleste tilfelle av Iiten betyd nistiske oppgaver. Norsk. ent. Tidsskr. 6. ning i lite forutensede lokaliteter. Fiskepredasjon 208-224. kunne eliminere enkelte arter som helst reproduserte Strand, A. 1970a. Koleopterologiske bidrag XV. i vegetasjonsfattige st0rre vannsamlinger, men hadde Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 17, 119 - 121. neppe noe a si for habitat-valget. De fleste nye regi Strand, A. 1970b. Additions and corrections to the streringer ble gjort i st0rre innsj0er, antagelig fordi Norwegian parts of Catalogus Coleopterorum dette var en relativt lite unders0kt habitat-type. I Fennoscandiae et Daniae. Norw. J. Ent. 17. Norge fantes det flest Dytiscidae arter i mindre vann 125-145. samlinger, ulike arter i vegetasjonsrike- og fattige ha Strand, A. 1977. Additions and corrections to the bitater, og i habitater med Sphagnum sp. (Hagenlund Norwegian part of Catalogus Coleopterorum Fen in prep.). noscandiae et Daniae, Second series. Norw. J. Ent. 24, 159-165. Zachariassen, K. E. 1977. Nye funn av Coleoptera i TAKK Norge. Norw. J. Ent. 24, 147-148. Alle funn fra HEn og On var gjort av R. Heimholdt, lokalitetsbeskrivelser kan finnes i hans hovedopp Received 20 Feb. 1984. 105 OBSERVATIONS ON DISPERSAL IN SPRUCE km from the nearest stand of Norway spruce (Picea BARK BEETLES ([PS TYPOGRAPHUS L.) abies) and probably - at that time - more than 5 km away from an Ips typographus attack on spruce. NUB CHR. STENSETH During three days in the middle of May I caught Observations are reported on longrange movement in 19 beetles in this pheromone trap (Table I); altoget the spruce bark beetle ([ps typographus) attracted to a her, I caught 29 individuals over a period of 45 days. pheromone trap placed within the downtown region To my knowledge, these observations are among of Oslo. The caught beetles must have dispersed seve the most unambiguous ones demonstrating that Ips ral kilometers. typographus regularly disperse for - and become at tracted to a pheromone source (such as a pheromone Nils Chr. Stenseth. Department of Biology, Division trap or a newly attacked tree) from - rather long dis of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1050, Blin tances. Earlier, Nilssen (I978) caught (with an unk dern, N-0316 Oslo 3, Norway. nown catching effort) 2 individuals of Ips typograp hus some 35 km away from the nearest Norway During the early summer of 1981 I made some ob spruce stand. Botterweg (1982) found in a mark re servations on longrange movement in the spruce lease experiment, inside a forested area, that Ips ty bark beetle ([ps typographus L.). On my balcony on pographus dispersed for at least 750 m. In another the top floor (5th) in Valdresgt. 9, Oslo (just south of mark release experiment, outside a forested area, he Torshov) I placed a pheromone trap of the kind used found that Ips typographus dispersed for at least 8 during the bark beetle campaign in Norway of the km; also he caught, however, only 2 beetles at the late 1970-ies and the early 1980-ies (Bakke 1981, longest distances. Bakke and Strand 1981). The pheromone trap was lo My observations therefore strengthen the impres aded with a I meter IpslurR dispenser containing the sion that Ips typographus has a highly developed abi attraetance pheromones of Ips typographus (Bakke et lity of colonizing habitable patches. al. 1977). This pheromone trap was located at least 3 REFERENCES Table I. Number of spruce bark beetles (Jps typo Bakke, A. 1981. The utilization of aggregation phero graphus L.) caught in a pheromone trap in Oslo mone for the control of the spruce bark beetle. In: downtown during May-June, 1981. Leonhardt, B. A. & Beroza, M. (eds,) Insect phero mone technology; chemistry and application. Am. Number Rain Wind Tempera chem. Soc. Symp. 190, 219-227. (mm) speed ture (OC) Bakke, A. and Strand L. 1981. Feronomer og feller (m/sec.> som ledd i integrert bekjempelse av granbarkbil Date caught (hr. 0700-1900) (hr. 1300) (hr. 1300) len. Rapp. Norsk. Inst. Skogforskn. 5/81. May Bakke,' A., Fr0yen, P. and Skatteb01, L. 1977. Field 13 3 0.0 6.7 18.1 response to a new pheromonal compound isola 14 7 0.0 3.6 18.5 ted from Ips typographus. Naturwissenschaften 15 9 0.0 1.5 19.8 63,98. 16 0 0.0 4.6 18.8 Botterweg, P. F. 1982. Dispersal and flight behaviour 17 0 0.2 3.6 18.7 of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in rela 18 I 5.1 4.1 20.5 lion to sex, size and fat content. Z. ang. Ent. 94, 19 I 0.0 2.1 16.2 466-489. 20 I 0.0 3.1 16.4 Nilssen, A. C. 1978. Development of a bark fauna in 21 I 0.0 3.1 19.1 plantations of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in 22 0 0.0 3.1 22.4 north Norway. Astarte Il. 151 - 169. 23 0 0.0 2.1 16.4 24 2 8.4 2.1 19.4 Received Mar. 22 1984. 25 0 7.0 4.6 11.2 26 0 0.2 2.6 14.3 27 I 1.0 3.6 17.8 28 0 3.6 1.0 10.1 ULOMA CULlNARIS (L.) (COL., 29 0 0.0 2.6 15.5 TENEBRIONIDAE) NEW TO NORWAY 30 0 0.0 1.0 17.0 PREBEN S. OTIESEN & LARS OVE HANSEN 31 0 0.0 1.0 16.3 Uloma culinaris (L.) is reported new to Norway from eastern Buskerud (B0:R0yken, EIS:28). A single spe June 1-24 cimen was found on 3 Aug. 1982, probably in a light-trap. 0 - - I 25 0.0 3.1 21.2 Preben S. Ottesen, Zoological institute, University of 26 2 0.0 5.7 14.6 Oslo, P.O. Box 1050 Blindern, N-Oslo 3, Norway. 106 Fauna nOn>. Ser. B, 31 .. Oslo 1984. Lars Ove Hansen, Sparavollen 23, N-3000 Dram HABROPHLEBIA (EPH., LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE) men, Norway. NEW TO NORWAY HELGEHURU On 3 Aug. 1982 a single specimen of the tenebrionid beetle Uloma culinaris (L.) was found by the second In July 1979, a single nymph of Habrophlebia sp. author close to the Drammen fjord in B0:R0yken, was found in the small stream Crevresjakka (UTM Hyggen, Kinnartangen (EIS:28). The exact circum MT-29247I) in the Lakselv river system, Finnmark, stances as to how it was caught cannot be recalled, Northern Norway. The specimen was collected using but like the majority of beetles in the collection of L. the kicking method and a net with mesh size of 500 O. Hansen, it was probably taken in a light-trap as a )lm. Habrophlebia is a genus new to Norway. The «by-product» of Lepidoptera catches. According to specimen found was small. but most probable be Silfverberg (1979) the species has not previously been longs to Habrophlebia lauta Eaton 1884. recorded from Norway. The natural habitat of U. culinaris in Scandinavia Helge Huru, Troms0 Museum, N-9000 Troms0, seems to be deciduous wood infected with fungi, Norway. where it may be found under bark or in the tunnels of large woodboring beetle larvae, f.ex. Dorcus and Sinodendron. However, like its congener U. rufa (Pil Lakselv is one of the largest rivers in Finnmark with ler & Mitterpacher (perroudi Mulsant & Guillebeau), a drainage area of 1500 km 2. The upper and middle which in Norway is known from the southern coas part of the Lakselv river system consists of many tal districts and north to Oslo (Lindroth 1960), it has small streams. one of which is the stream Crevre become increasingly common in old piles of sawdust, sjakka. This stream flows slowly (J 0- 20 cm / sec) at and in Sweden the latter habitat is today reported to the sampling station, 100 m a.s.l. The vegetation in be the most important one. In favourable localities U. this area consists of birch (Betula pubescens), pine culinaris may be found in large numbers (Palm 1958, (Pinus sylvestris) and some bogs (M0lster 1981). Crev Landin 1970, Hansen 1973). resjakka had the highest conductivity registered in Outside Scandinavia U. culinaris is most frequ Lakselv, 60-130 )lS/cm during summer. pH was ently encountered under the bark of coniferous trees 7.0 and the water-temperature reached 16°C or more (Hansen 1973). To our knowledge the extent to during summer. which the beetle may utilize sawdust from such trees The Lakselv river system has a rich mayfly fauna in Scandinavia has not been investigated. with 21 species. Ephemeroptera dominated the bot The distribution of U. culinaris in Sweden (Lin tom fauna in the small streams comprising 40 % (by droth 1960) indicates that its range in Norway is pro numbers) of the bottom fauna. At the sampling sta bably restricted to southern and south-eastern coastal tion, the following Ephemeroptera species were districts. found Oisted according to numerical dominance): Centroptilum luteolum Muller, 1776), Paraleptophle- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Norway We wish to thank Stig Lundberg, Lulea for verifying ~(f •• the identilicatitm of the species. REFERENCES Hansen, V. 1973. Biller XII. Heteromerer. 2. ed. Danm. Fauna 50, 307 pp. Landin, B.-O. Insekter 2:1. Faltfauna. Natur och Kultur. Stockholm. Lindroth, C. H. (ed.) 1960. Catalogus Coleopterorum Fennoscandia et Dania. Entomologiska Siillska pet, Lund. Palm, T. 1958. Die Holz- und Rinden-Kafer der Sud und Mittelschwedischen Laubbiiume. Opusc. ent. Suppl. 16, 374 pp. Silfverberg, H. (ed.) 1979. Enumeratio Coleoptero rum Fennoscandia et Dania. Helsingfors Entomo Fig. I. The known distribution of Habrophlebia lauta logiska Bytesf6rening, Helsingfors. in Fennoscandia. • Present record in Lakselv, Finnmark. Received 9 Apr. 1984. o Previous records in Finland. Fauna nom Ser. D, 3J, Oslo 1984. 107 bia sp. Heptagenia joernensis (Bengtsson, 1909), Ep PUIZ, V. 1978. Ephemeroptera. - In: Hlies, J. (ed,), hemera danica Muller, 1764, Baetis vernus group Limnofauna Europea. G. Fisher Verlag, pp (see Muller-Liebenau, 1969), Caenis horaria (L., 256-263. . 1758), Baetis muticus (1., 1758), Ephemerel/a ignita Saaristo, M. I. & Savolainen, E. 1980. Suomen Pili (Poda, 1761), Heptagenia fuscogrisea Retzius, 1783), vilnkorennot-Finlands dagsliinder. (Ephemp.ropte Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887, Ephemerella auri ra). Notul. ent. 60,181-186. vil/ii (Bengtson, 1908), Habrophlebia sp. (lauta?), Savolainen, E. & Saaristo, M. I. 1981. Distribution of Siphlonurus aestivalis (Eaton, 1903). mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the biological pro Only two Plecoptera species were found at this sta vince of Kuusamo (Ks), Finland, Notul, ent. 61, tion, while 18 species were recorded in the whole ri 117-124. versystem. Alhough not recorded from Norway Tiensuu,1. 1939. A survey of the distribution of ma (Dahlby 1973), Habrophlebia lauta has been found in ytlies (Ephemeroptera) in Finland. Ann. ent. fenn. Finland and the Soviet Union, but not in Sweden 5, 196-224. (Saaeisto and Savolainen 1980). H. {auta has been found north to Kuusamo in Finland (Fig. I), but is Reiceived 12 Jan. 1984. rare also in Finland (Savolainen and Saaristo 1981, Tiensuu 1939). H. lauta occurs in most parts of cen tral and northern Europe, including the Tundra re gion (Putz 1978). [n Fennoscandia H. lauta is characterized by ha THE DISTRIBUTION OF TlPULA ving a southern distribution (Savolainen and Saaristo (A RCTOTlPULA) SALlCETOR UM SIEBKE.1870 198 I). The distribution map (Fig. 1) shows a distinct (DIPT., TIPULIDAE) IN NORWAY eastern distribution in northern Fennoscandia. In TROND HOFSVANG central Europe, H. lauta has a fast growth from Ap ; ril-May to emergence in June-August (lilies 1980, The distribution of Tipula (Arctotipula) salicetorum. Pleskot 1958). This lifecycle fits well for survival in Siebke, 1870 is given. Tipulidae larvae collected from the small streams in the Lakselv area with relatively different water systems in Ser-Tf0ndelag, Nord high water temperatures during the summer compa Tf0ndelag and Nordland show that the species is red with most of the other streams in Finnmark. common in this part of Norway. The rich Ephemeroptera fauna in Lakselv can be explained by the rich and varied water habitats, Le. Trond Hofsvang, Agriculture Entomology, Agricul lotic and lentic waters of different size and producti ture University of Norway, P.O. Box 70, N-1432 As vity, the warm and dry summers giving the area a NLH, Norway. southern character and lhat there are potential im migration routes from Finland for flying insects. The subgenus Arctotipula Alexander, 1933 of the genus Tipula 1., 1758 is Holarctic in distribution (Savtshenko 1961). Only one species of this subge ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS nus, Tipula (Arctotipula) salicetorum Siebke, 1870 has been recorded from Fennoscandia (Tjeder 1955, John Brittain has checked the identification. Arne 1978,Hackman 1980). Nilssen and Rob Barrett (Troms0 Museum) have gi Only a few specimens of T. (A.) saUcetorum imagi ven valuable criticism to the manuscript. nes have been collected in Norway, mainly from northern part of Oppland and from Troms and Finn mark (Lackschewitz 1933, 1935, Hofsvang 1979). REFERENCES The flight period is July. Dahlby, R. 1973. A check-list and synonyms of Nor The larvae of T. (A.) salicetorum is fully aquatic wegian species of Emphemeroptera. Norsk ent. and was described from the lake 0vre Heimdalsvatn, Tidsskr. 20, 249-252. northern part of Oppland (Hofsvang 1979). During Huru, H. 1980. Hydrografi og evertebratfauna i Lak the years 1974-1979 several water systems in S0r selvvassdraget, Midt Finnmark, i 1977 -79. Tro Tf0ndelag, Nord-Tf0ndelag and Nord.1and were in mura, Naturvitenskap 35, 1-86. vestigated by Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences lilies, J. 1980. Ephemeropteren-Emergenz in zwei and Letters, the Museum, in Trondheim. The Tipuli Lunzer Bilchen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 90. 217 - 229. dae larvae collected show that T. (A.) saUcetorum is Miiller-Liebenau, 1969. Revision der europilischen very common in this area. The species was recorded Arten der Gattung Baetis Leach, 1815. (Insecta, from 45 localities. The distribution of T. (A.) saliceto Ephemeroptera). Gewiiss. Abwiiss, 48/49, rum in Norway is given in Fig. 1. The most southern 1-214. locality is Valdresflya. During a four years study of M01ster, L. 1981. flora og vegetasjon i Lakselvvass Tipulidae at Finse, 110 km towards southwest and at draget. Tromura, Naturvitenskap 1981, 1-75. approximately the same level above sea, no larvae or Pleskot, G. 1958. Die Periodizitat einiger Epheme imagines of T. (A.)saUcetorum were found (Hofsvang ropteren der Schwechat. Wass. Abwass. 1958, 1974). The distribution in Sweden is: northwestern 188-219. Dalerne - Tome Lappmark (Tjeder 1978). 108 Fauna nom Ser. B. 31 .. Oslo 1984. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to John O. Solem, Trondheim, for ma king available larval material from S0r-Tr0ndelag, Nord-Tr0ndelag and Nordland. REFERENCES Hackman, W. 1980. A check list of the Finnish Dip tera. I. Nematocera and Brachycera (s.strJ Notul. ent.60, 17-48. Hofsvang, T. 1974. Tipulidae (Diptera) from a high mountain area, Finse, South Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 21, 1-4. Hofsvang, T. 1979. The larvae of Tipula (Arctotipula) salicetorum Siebke, 1870 (Diptera; Tipulidae). Ent. scand. 10, 238-240. Lackschewitz, P. 1933. Revision der in Siebke's Cata logus Dipterorum angefiihrten Tipuliden. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 3. 238-255. Lackschewitz, P. 1935. Zur Kenntnis der polyneuren Nematoceren (Dipt.) des nordlichen Norwegens. Tromse Mus. Arsh. 53, 3-27. Savtshenko, E.N. 1961. Tipulidae. Fauna SSSR. 2.3 (In Russian). Tjeder, B. 1955. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae. XIV. Diptera: Fam. Tipulidae. Opusc. ent. 20, 229-247. • imagines Tjeder, B. 1978. Ptychopteridae and Tipulidae (Cylin "'larvae drotominae and Tipulinae) from the Abisko area, Tome Lappmark, Sweden (Ins.: Diptera). Fauna Norrlandica 9. I- 10. Received 16 Mar. 1984. DIXELLA FlLlCORNIS(DlPT., DlXIDAE} FOUND IN NORWAY 0YVIND HALAND The meniscus midge Dixella fllicornis (Edwards) has been found in the county of Vestfold, Norway. This is the first record of the species in Fennoscandia. 0yvind HaIand, Heyjord, 3120 Andebu. Norway. During a preliminary investigation of the Norwegian Dixidae, I found 4 larvae (third instar) of the species Dixilla fllicornis (Edwards, 1926). The finding place was the inlet stream to the pond Eikenesvannet in Hof, Vestfold county (UTM, NL 622944) on 19. Aug. 1983. The stream is flowing rather slowly, on a substra tum of clay and stones, with a rich vegetation along the banks. It is mildly polluted, pH between 5 and 6 on the day of collection (measured with indicator pa per). The larvae of D. fllicornis were found together with many larvae of Dixella aestivalis (Meigen, 1818) and Dixa nebulosa (Meigen, 1830). The water-scor Fig. I. The distribution of Tipula (Arctotipula) salice pion, Nepa cinerea L., which is not very common in forum Siebke, 1870 in Norway based on the EID grid Norway, was found at the same place. system (50 x 50 km squares). The larva of D. fllicornis is very easily recognised Fauna norv. Ser. B. 31 .. Oslo 1984. 109 by the dense hair-covering on the whole body. In this cies of the genus has been the only species recorded way it occupies a position somewhat between the from Norway, found scattered in southern Norway other larvae of the genus Dixella with very short and in Provinces 0, AK, RY and RI (see 0k1and 1981). It fewer hairs and the larvae of the genus Dixa with is reliably known to occur from the Orkneys, Scot hair-crowns on the dorsal side of the five to six body land and central Scandinavia (including Sweden, Fin segments before the last one. Size and shape of the in land and Denmark) to Spain, Italy and Greece: in the terspiracular disc are also useful in identification USSR from the Leningrad area to Crimea and the (Disney 1975). Transcaucasus, eastwards across Soviet Central Asia D. filicornis has hitherto been found as far north as and Siberia to Yakutia. Scotland (Disney 1975) and the Leningrad area of /liane Iineata (Fallen 1820) is widely distributed in Russia (Peus 1936). Wagner (I 978) gives its distribu Sweden (from Sk. to LY.Lpm.) rather common in tion as to the regions 4,5,6,8,9,13,15,16 and 18 of Finland up to LkE and widespread in Denmark «Limnofauna Europaea». This means that it has not (LeS0, Jutland, Als, Zealand). Generally it represents been found in North Germany or Fennoscandia be a Euroasian element ranging from Scotland, Lapland fore. The finding is interesting, but not very surpri and the vicinity of Arkhangelsk in the USSR to sing when we consider the small amount of investi France and Jugoslavia, eastwards through Kazakh gation that has been done on the Dixidae of Scandi stan to the Lake Baikal and Komi. navia. Among material of Diptera collected on 8. July The larvae are kept in the author's collection. 1983 by Arild Fjeldsa at Moutmarka UTM: 32 VNL 802483 in Tj0me county, Vestfold province, four REFERENCES specimens of /liane lineata were found. Moutmarka Disney, R. H. L. 1975. A key to British Dixidae. Sci. is situated at the southernmost tip of Tj0me at Helge Publ. Freshwat. bioi. Ass. 3I, 78 pp. md. The locality was at a small lake edged with Scir Edwards, F. W. 1926. A new species of Dixa from pus tabernaemontani and S. uniglumis both typical Sussex (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologist's mon. for brackish water near the sea shore .... In the small Mag. 62. 35. lake Patamogeton sp. was present. Two other Scio Peus, F. 1936. Zur Kenntnis der Dixiden-Fauna myzidae were collected at the same locality viz. Teta Nordeuropas. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 4, 117 -127. nocera elata Fabricius common all over Norway, Wagner, R. 1978. Chaoboridae, Dixidae. - In: lIIies, and the rare Sepedon sphegea (Fabricius) known only J. (ed.), Limnofauna Europaea. 2. Aufl. G. Fischer from the provinces AK, HES and YE. Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 387-389. The third species /lione rossica (Mayer) is known only from a few localities in Fennoscandia, all situa Received 27 Feb. 1984. ted in its eastern part in the Karelian ASSR. Gene rally it shows a Eurasian type of distribution ranging from the White Sea coast in the Karelian ASSR and ILlONE LINEA TA (FALLEN, 1820)(DlPT., the vicinity of Arkhangelsk across the Baltic repu SCIOMYZIDAE) NEW TO NORWAY blics of the USSR to the northern Kazakhstan and RUDOLF ROZKOSNY & LITA GREVE eastwards through Sibiria to Yakutia. The Norwe gian specimens are deposited in the Zoological Mu /lione (= Knutsonia) Iineata (Fallen, 1820) is reported seum, University of Bergen. new to Norway. Four specimens were netted at Mo utmarka, Tj0me county EIS 19, province of Vestfold, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS near a small lake, on 8. July 1983. This is the first re cord of the species in Norway. We would like to express our gratitude to Arild Fjeldsa who collected the material. RudolfRozko~ny, Natural Science Faculty, J. E. Pur kyne University, Kotlarska 2,611 37 Brno, Czechos REFERENCES lovakia. Uta Greve, Museum of Zoology, University of Ber Collin, J. E. 1966. Some overlooked synonymy and gen, N-5000 Bergen, Norway. additional species in British Sciomyzidae (Dipte ra), and a note on Limnophora exsurda (Antho /lione replaced the generic name Knutsonia that has myiidae). Ent. Rec. 78. 227 - 230. been commonly used in the European special litera Thompson, F. C. & Mathis, W. N. 1980. Haliday's ture since 1964. Knutsonia was proposed by Verbeke generic names of Diptera first published in Cur (1964) for a clearly defined species-group, but al tis'A Guide to ... British Insects (I 837). 1. Wash. ready Collin (1966) considered this name to be only Acad. Sci. 70, 80-89. an incorrect replacement name for /liane Haliday in Verbeke, J. 1964. Contribution a I'etude des Dipteres Curtis. Recently Thompson and Mathis (I980) pro malacophages Ill. Revision du genre Knutsonia ved that /lione is really a valid generic name and cor nom.nov. ( =Elgiva AuctJ Bull. Inst. r. Sci. flat. rectly designated its type-species. Belg. 40, (9), 1-44. The genus is restricted to the Palaearctic region 0kIand, K. A. 1981. Inndeling av Norge tit bruk ved where 8 species have been reliably found, but only 3 biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidert Strand-sy species have been recorded in Fennoscandia. stem. Fauna, Oslo 34, 167 -178. /liane albiseta (ScopoJi) as the most common spe 110 Received 17 Feb. 1984. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 31: Oslo 1984. NEOPACHYGASTER MEROMAELAENA the AIand isles and the southernmost part of Fin (DU FOUR, 1841) AND PRAOMYIA LEA CHI/ land. The species is not reported from Denmark, (CURTIS, 1824)(DIPT., STRATIOMYIDAE) but found at several localities in England. P. lea NEW TO NORWAY chii is apparently rare in northern Europe accor ding to Dr. Rozko~ny (pers. commJ The species ARILD FJELDSA, LITA GREVE AND ALF is found at Gotland and 0land, and near Lening JACOB NILSEN rad in the USSR. There are several localities in Neopachygaster meromaelaena (Dufour, 1841) and southern England and in Ireland. Based on the Praomyia leachii (Curtis, 1824) are reported new to hitherto known distribution both species make in the Norwegian fauna, with short descriptions of the teresting additions to the Norwegian fauna. A bet localities. This is also the first time the subfamily Pa ter sampling throughout southern Scandinavia chygasterinae is recorded from Norway. might yield more specimens in the future. Arild Fjeldsa and Uta Greve, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen N-5000, Norway. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alf-Jacob Nilsen, Kirkehamn, 4432 Hidrasund. We are indepted to Dr. R. Rozkosny, Natural Science Faculty, J. E. Purkyne University, 61137 BRNO, The subfamily Pachygasterinae is represented in Kotlarska 2, Czechoslovakia for veryfying the deter Scandinavia and Finland by six species representing six different genera, and in Europe there are only se minations. ven species in all. The Fennoscandinavian and later the European Stratiomyidae have recently been sur veyed by Rozko'sny (1973, 1982, 1983). REFERENCES The adult flies are small and dark, measuring from Rozkosny, R. 1973. The Stratiomyoidea (Diptera) of approximately 2 mm to 4.5 mm. The biology of the Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna ent. Scand. Pachygasterinae is not throughly known, some lar I, 1-140. vae, however, live in rotten wood and are partly sap Rozkosny, R. 1982, 1983. A Biosystematic Study of rophagous. The flies are probably easily overlooked the European Stratiomyidae (Diptera) I & 1/. Dr. on account of their small size. W. Junk Publ. The Hague - Boston - London, 401; 431 pp. Neopachygaster meromaelaena (Dufour, 1841) Locality: VAy (Province of Vest-Agder), Flekke Received 27 Apr. 1984. fjord county, Store Eiklis near Gausdal (UTM: 32 VLK 703724) 21. June-6. July 1982 I cl leg. A. J. Nilsen. The specimen was sorted out from insect mate rial collected in a Malaise-trap, and this trapping XYLOPHAGUS COMPEDITUS WIEDEMANN, period was the first of seven, until the trap was ta 1851 IN NORWAY (DIPT., XYWPHAGIDAE) ken down on 10. Sept. 1982. LITA GREVE, ANDERS OLSEN AND JOHN O. The locality was a wet meadow with decidious SOLEM trees, amollg them alder. Conifers like Picea ex celsa and Pinus silvestris were also present. Small In the Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll, Oppdal ponds and some boggy area were present. The county, province of S. Tf0ndelag, 15 males and 2 only other species of Stratiomyidae found at this females of Xylophagus compeditus Wiedemann, 1851 locality was Beris clavipes (L. 1767), a common were caught in Malaise traps in 1980, 1981 and species in southern Norway. 1983. Most specimens occurred in a trap in the subal Praomyia leachii (Curtis, 1824). pine birch belt, one specimen was caught in the low Locality: VE (Province of Vestfold), Tj0me alpine zone. The flight period extends from middle county, Kolabekkilen (UTM: 32 VNL 805508) 19. June throughout July. The distribution of X. compe Juli 1983 I Qleg. A. Fjeldsa. ditus in Norway is given based on material in Nor The specimen was netted among reeds (Ph ragwegian museums and private collections. mites communis (Trin.) forming a large halophi· lous stand. The larvae of this species are reported Uta Greve, University of Bergen, Museum of Zoo to be saprophagous and has been reported from logy, Museplass 3, N-5000 Bergen, Norway. different plants varying from Boletus sp. to rotten Anders Olsen and John O. Solem, University of wood. The locality is thus probably not typical for Trondheim, The Museum, Erling Skakkesgt. 47 A, this species. Another Stratiomyidae, Nemotelus N-7000 Trondheim, Norway. uliginosus (L. 1767), was also found at this loca lity. Both species are mapped in Rozkosny (1983) INTRODUCTION N. meromaelaena has in Fennoscandia been The family Xylophagidae was mentioned from Nor found in some localities in south-east Sweden. at way for the first time by Zetterstedt (1838). Siebke Fauna norY. Ser. B, J" Oslo 1984. III (1877) reported Xy/ophagus ater Meigen, 1804 and the lower part of the western slope of the mountain Xy/ophagus cinctus (De Geer, 1776) from Norway, S. Knutsh0, east of Kongsvoll, Oppdal county, S0r and since his time the Norwegian material of Xylop Tr0ndelag province. All sites in EIS 79. The traps hagidae has not been revised. Szilady (1932) included were operated from May until late October in all four species of Xy/ophagus in his material from Cen years. tral Europe, all of which later have been recorded In 1980 and 1981 15 males and one icmale of X. from Finland and Scandinavia, according to more re compeditus were collected in two Malaise traps used cent articles. Lyneborg (1960) in his revision of Da at Blesbekken, 1000 m a.s.1. in the subalpine birch nish Xylophagidae, reported X. compeditus Wiede forest, UTM 32VNQ3207. One female of X. compe mann, 1851 from Denmark and concluded that the ditus was captured in a Malaise trap in the alpine closely related X. ater not has been found there. zone at 1220 m a.s.l. at the stream Kallvella, UTM Andersson (1962) reported X. compeditus and X. 32VNQ266 117, in 1983. The traps were positioned junki Szilady, 1932 from Sweden. His examination of across the stream with the prime objective to collect Xylophagus specimens labelled as X. ater at the En aquatic insects. tomological Museum in Lund, showed all of them to be X. compeditus. Andersson, however, assumed that it is possible that X. ater might occur in Sweden. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hackman (1980) included four species in his list of Table I shows the number collected at the various Finnish Diptera viz. X. ater, X. cinctus, X. compeditus traps. The larvae of Xy/ophagus spp. are according to and X. junki. These are the same species reported by Szilady Lyneborg (1960) carnivorous and live under bark of rotten wood. The Malaise traps at Blesbekken were (I 932) from middle Europe. Kloet & Hincks (1976) listed three of these species from England, but X. positioned in fairly dense birch forest, while the traps at Raubekken (400-500 m away), in more open compeditus has not been found there. Xylophagus species are large and slender flies with areas, did not catch any specimen. Thtl flight period dark colours and quite easy to identify. Lyneborg of X. compeditus in the Dovre mountains covered the (1960) reported the imagines to be rare in Denmark. last half of June and all July in 1981. This is also true in Norway, where one of the authors (L. Greve) has revised the material in the Norwegian Natural History museums. Zoological Museum, Uni THE DISTRIBUTION OF X. COMPEDlTUS IN versity of Oslo (ZMO) has the main bulk of older NORWAY Norwegian Xylophagidae material, but they possess X. compeditus is here recorded from Norway for the less than 15 specimens. first time. To give an outline of the distribution in Malaise traps in 1980 and 1981 were operated in Norway, material from Norwegian museums and Table 1. Number of individuals of Xylophagus com peditus collected in Malaise traps in the area of Kon gsvoll, Dovre mountains, S. Tf0ndelag province. M = male, F = female. Table I June July August 30 7 14 21 28 4 Blesbekken 1981 2 M 2 F 3 M 5 4 F I Kallvella 1983 M F June July 12 19 26 10 17 24 31 Blesbekken 1980 M F 112 Fauna norv. Ser. H, 3 J,' Oslo 1984. private collections are listed below, revised by one of 0k1and, K. 1981. Inndeling av Norge til bruk ved the authors (L. Greve). The material of X. ater in biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidert Strand-sy ZMO was examined. It contained both X. cinctus and stem. Fauna, Oslo 34, 167 -178. X. compeditus, while. X. ater not seems to be present in Norwegian collections. Received 25 Jan. 1984. AK Oslo 0201 EIS 28, T0yen 20 June 1847, IQ (ZMO 6619), AK Oslo 020 I EIS 28, Linderud 13 June 1846, I Q (ZMO 6620), VAY Kristiansand 1404 EIS 2, Hanes, I specimen, K. Berggren priv. coli. RY MEGASELlA RUFlPES MEIGEN (DIPT., Sandnes 1602 EIS 7, Dale 8 June 1980, I d (ZMB), PHORIDAE)AS A PREPUPAE PARASITE OF HOY Bergen 180 I EIS 30, (Fana) Paradis 2 June THE WINTER MOTH AND ALLIED SPECIES 1968, I d IQ (ZMB); HOY Bergen 1801 EIS 39, (A IN DECIDUOUS FORESTS IN WESTERN sane) Vollane 28 May-I June 1978, I Q (ZMB); NORWAY HOY Os 1843 EIS 31, Hegglandsdalen June 1941, KARE HESJEDAL I d (ZMB); HOI Kvinnherad 1924 EIS 31, Rosendal, Records of a previously unknown parasite, Megase Skeie 6 June 1943, I d (ZMB); SFY H0yanger 2016 lia rufipes Meigen, of the Geometridae larvae of Op EIS 49, Vadheim, Kyrkjeb0 18 June 1942, I Q (ZMB); STI Oppdal 2534 EIS 79, Kongsvoll, Blesbek heroptera brumata L., Agriopis aurantiaria Hubner + and Erannis defoliaria Clerck is reportet. Laboratory ken, Kaldvella, males females (DKNVS M). experiments shows that the second generation of The male from Hegglandsdalen was determined to these scuttle fly was able to parasitize Noctuidae lar compeditus by T. Soot-Ryen, but this material has X. vae. In this investigation M. rufipes showed to be a never been published. The list follows 0k1and (1981). facultative parasite. The female collected at Vollane was found in a col liding-trap operated throughout the summer 1978. Kire Hesjedal, Ullensvang Research Station, N-5774 No more specimens were caught. Where dates have Lofthus, Norway. Report No. 65. been noted, all specimens of X. campeditus from the low-lands have been caught in the period late May ur to June 20, viz. earlier than the material from the INTRODUCTION Kongsvoll area. Insect populations occurring in the mountains have often a postponed flight period com The geometrids Opheroptera brumata L. O. fagata Scharfenberg, Agriopis aurantiaria Hubner, and Er pared to populations of the same species occurring in the low-lands, see e.g. Brinck (1949), who gives data annis defoliaria C1erck, have regular outbreak peri on Plecoptera. ods at 12 -15 years interval in the deciduous forests and orchards in the Hardanger area, \\'estern ~or way. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among these the winter moth, O. brumata. is the We are grateful to Dr. Albert Lillehammer for per most abundant species often causing complete defoli mission to study the material in Zoological Museum, ation of the host trees (Edland 1981 l. University of Oslo and to Kaj Berggren for loan of The ichneumonid, Agrypon jlaveolatum Graven material in his private collection. horst, and the tachinids, Lypha dubia Fallen and Cr , zensis albicans Fallen, were during the outbreiJ.k. period of 1960's found to parasitize O. brumata while REFERENCES very few of the A. aurantiaria and E defoliaria lar Andersson, H. 1962. Om siillsynta eller for Sverige vae were parasitized. The main cause of the break nya tvavingar (Diptera). Opusc. ent. 27, 62-64. down of the pest populations of Geometridae in the Brinck, P. 1949. Studies on Swedish stoneflies (Ple deciduous forests in Norway is not yet known. So far coptera). Opusc. ent. Suppl. 11, 250 pp. the break down cannot be explained by the effect of Hackman, W. 1980. A checklist of the Finnish Dip any of the above mentioned Ichneumonidae and Ta tera. 11. Cyc1orrhapha. Notul ent. 60, 17 -48. chinidae species (Edland 1981 l. K1oet, G.S. & Hincks, W. D. 1976. A check list of This investigation reports the finding of a Phoridae British Insects: Diptera. Siphonaptera. Handbk. species, Megaselia ru./ipes Meigen, previously unk ident. Br. Insects 11 (5), 139 pp. nown as a parasite of this important group of Geo Lyneborg, L. 1960. Tovinger. 11. Almindelig del. Va metridae pests (Clausen 1978, Edland 1981, Varley & penfluer, K1reger m.fl. Danm. Fauna 66, G.E.C. al. 1973). Gads Forlag, Copenhagen. 233 pp. Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegico rum Fasciculum IV. Catalogum Dipterorum Con MATERIAL AND METHODS tinentem. A. W. Br0gger, Christiania. 255 pp. Last instar larvae of O. brumata, A. aurantiaria, and Szilady, Z. 1932. Erinnidae, Straticmyiidae und Rha E. defoliaria, were collected on 12 June, 1981, from gionidae. Tierwelt Dtl. 26, 54 pp. heavily infested food plants by use of a Stainer's ba Zetterstedt, J. W. 1838. Insecta Lapponica. Seetio ting funnel. The collection were done at two locali Tertia. Diptera. Lipsiae ( =Leipzig). 477 - 868. ties, Kinsarvik and Lofthus, in Ullensvang, Horda- Fauna non>. Ser. B. 31. Oslo 1984. 113 land county, Western Norway. About 500 larvae of hives and from sick and dead larvae of Stilpnotia sali O. brumata were collected from each of five food cis as well as from decaying seed oflupines and from plant species, Salix caprea L. Sorbus aucuparia L., fungi. Disney (J 979) published an extending list of Corylus avel/ana L., Betula pubescens Ehrhenberg, the registered polyphagous/ saprophagous activities and Prunus padus L. of M. rufipes. According to this, the species once was At each locality the collection was done from food reared from O. brumata caterpillars as well as from a plants grown in a habitat of about 500 m2. The larvae noctuid caterpillar of Naenia typica L. However, in were carried to the laboratory and the winter moth neither cases were there evidence to claim that the larvae were placed separately in plastic containers of species was a facultative parasite. In accordance it 25 x 35 x 10 cm, according to food plants and loca has been reported found in bee-hives in Poland and lity. Each container were filled with a 5 cm layer of caracterized as a non-parasitic species (Banaszak moistened peat moss and closed at the top with a 1980). This experiment shows, however, that M. ru white colored, perforated plastic sheet. About 250 fipes also seems to be a facultative parasite as it is able larvae of O. brumata were placed in each container to parasitize apparently healthy noetuid and geome and fed with detached leaves from their respective trid larvae. With this experimental design, however, food plants. Compared with O. brumata, the larvae I cannot say whether the parasitism was of a primary of E. defoliaria and A. aurantiaria were far less ab or a secondary nature or both. undant at each food plant and were placed together The last outbreak period of the winter moth and in two containers. The containers were placed at out allied species culminated in 1981 (Edland 1983). The door temperature in an insectary. Within five days all finding of M. rufipes as a parasitizing agent should be the larvae had burrowed in the peat moss for pupa of great interest in the future work finding-an expla tion. nation of the sudden break down each 12. -15. years The peat moss in each container was examined in of the pest populations of this important group of ge primo July. Both the living Geometridae pupae and ometrid species in the deciduous forejts and orchards most of the parasite pupae were removed from the of Western Norway. containers. The parasite pupae were placed in plastic Petri dishes lined at bottom with moistened filter pa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS per, at outdoor temperature in the insectary. The Phoridae flies emerged in the first week of August. I wish to thant Dr. R. H. L. Disney, Malham Tarn Fi The adults were sexed and placed in small nylon eld Centre, Yorkshire, for identification of the phorid , cages of 2 liter volume at the laboratory together species. The investigation was supported by The Ag with some noctuid larvae collected from a straw ricultural Research Council of Norway. berry field. REFERENCES RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Banaszak, J. 1980. Badania nad fauna towarzyszaca The mortality of the three geometrid species caused w zasiedlonych ulach pszczelich. (Eng. summary: by the phorid species, M. rufipes, varied between Studies on the fauna associated with bee-hives). 90 - lOO per cent. All the winter moth larvae collec Fragm. Faun. 25(10), 127-178. ted on P. padus were parasitized while the parasita Clausen, c.P. 1978. Introduced parasites and preda tion of the larvae collected from the other food plants tors of arthropod pests and weeds: A world re varied between 90 - 93 per cent. The result was the view. U. S. Dept. Agric. Agric. Handb. 480, 545 same for both localities, Kinsarvik and Lofthus. A pp. very high number of M. rufipes pupae were found in Disney, R. H. L. 1979. Natural history notes on some each container. british Phoridae (Diptera) with comments on a The adults emergd in primo August, and the se changing picture. Entomologist's Gaz. 30, cond generation females laid their eggs on or near by 141-150. the noetuidae larvae in the cages at the laboratory. Edland, T. 1981. Prognosar om venta frostmaJar an Each noetuid larvae were later killed by 5- 10 pho grep i frukthagar og vurdering av spf0ytebehov. rid larvae. (Eng. summary: Forecasting attacks by winter The first generation of M. rufipes probably laid moth and allied species in orchards, and evalua their eggs on or near the last instar larvae of the geo tions of control requirements). Swed. Univ.Agric. metrids while they still were on the food plants. After Sci. Res. In! Centre, Uppsala. Vextskyddsrappor the geometrid larvae were burrid in the peat moss, ter. Jordbruk 16,43-53. they were killed and totaly consumed by the phorid Edland, T. 1983. FrostmaJarangrep i frukthagar. larvae. At the inspection of the peat moss medium in Gartneryrket 73, 208-212. primo July, only a few remains of geometrid larvae Lundbeck, W. 1922. Diptera Danica, Part VI. Pipun were found still inhabitated with some phorid larvae. culidae, Phoridae. G.E.C. GAD, Copenhagen, M. rufipes is a polyphagous saprophage (Disney 447 pp. 1979). The insect is also commonly claimed to be a Varley, G.c., Gradwell, G.R., Hassel, M.P. 1973. In facultative parasite but no critical evidence has so far sect population ecology. Blackwel/ Scientific Publi been published (Disney pers. comm.l. According to cations, 2/2 pp. Lundbeck (J 922), the species, Aphiochaeta (=Megaselia) rufipes, is known as a general feeder in larval stage, and it is bred from wasps nests, bee Received 20 Jan. 1984. Fra Norge er f01gende arter tatt med: Elveperle muslingen Margaritifera margaritifera. den spiselige C Bo_k_a_om_el_d_el_s_ef__) sneglen Helix pomatia. legeiglen Hirudo medicinalis, ferskvannskreps Astacus astacus og apollosommer fuglen Parnassius apol/o. leg vet ikke om dette egent lig er de beste eksempler fra Norge. Bl.a. har vi en WELLS, S.M., PYLE, R.M. & COLLINS, N.M. rekke truete billearter som er knyttet til gamle og 1983. THE IUeN INVERTEBRATE RED DATA hule eiketr 115 ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELELSER udsender i be gyndelsen af 1984 et sa?rnummer: ENTOMOLOGISK ( Announcements ) LlTTERATUR (Ent. Meddr. 51, 1-2). 21 danske entomologer har - hver med deres spe cialviden - bidraget til udarbejdelsen af en kom menteret litteraturfortegnelse over samtlige de i Dan ICSEB - III mark forekommende insektordener og andre landin THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGR ESS OF vertebrater, der ofte antages for at vrere insekter. SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONAR Y BIOLOGY; 1985 ENTOMOLOGISK LITTERATUR henvender sig til savel fag- som amat0rentomologer. The Congress will be held on 4-I0 July 1985 at the Ved hjrelp af kommentarerne kan man hurtig University of Sussex, near Brighton, England. danne sig et indtryk af publikationernes anvendelig The foillowing Congress Symposia are being orga hed. I indledningen til hver st0rre systematisk enhed nised: er der i korte trrek gjort rede for, hvor godt gruppen Symbiosis in Evolution er kendt. Conservation of Tropical Ecosystems Litteraturfortegnelsen er for de st0rre systematiske Biogeographic Evolution of the Malay Archipelago enheders vedkommende (ordener, overfamilier) op Adaptational Aspects of Physiological Processes delt i henholdsvis I) biologisk litteratur, 2) litteratur Co-evolution in Ecosystems and the Red Queen Hy om indsamling, prreparation, opbevaring m.m. og 3) pothesis bestemmelseslitteratur, artslister m.m. Angiosperm Origins and the Biological Consequen Ved litteraturudvrelgelsen er der isrer lagt vregt pa ces dansksprogede publikationer, men det har ikke kun The Measurement of Rates of Evolution net undgas - specielt med hensyn til de mindre godt Molecular Biology and Evolutionary Theory kendte grupper - at afhandlinger pa fremmede Co-Evolution and Systematics sprog er anf0rt. J Molecules vs. Morphology in Phylogency: Conflict Bestemmelseslitteratur drekker i landt de fleste til or Compromise? frelde store dele af faunaen i nordvesteuropa incl. Random and Directed Events in Evolution fennoskandien. Biochemical Innovation in Microbial Communities Alle titler og tidsskrifsbetegnelser er skrevet helt There will also be Special Interest Symposia on ud, swedes at intet bibliotek skulle have vanskelighe other topics, as well as sessions for contributed pa der ved at fremskaffe den 0nskede publikation. pers, films and poster papers. ENTOMOLOGISK LITTERATUR kan erhverves For further information write to: ved henvendelse til ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING, Professor Barry Cox clo Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15,2100 ICSEB Congress Office K0benhavn 0, Danmark. 130 Queen's Road, ENTOMOLOGISK LITTERATUR koster 25 kr. Brighton, excl. porto. Sussex ON1 3WE, UK. Ole Lomholdt 116 GUIDE TO AUTHORS. References. 111 the text: Black (1979). Black & Blue (] 973: 10m, or «as noted by Green (] 978) and Black FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B. publishes papers in (1979h). Multiple references should be given in chro English, occasionally in Norwegian and German nological order, i.e. Nomenclature. The first time a binomen is used in the text the name of its author should be included. Reprints. Twentyfive reprints are supplied free (fifty Author names should be written in full except L. for with multiple authorships). Additional reprints can Linneaus. Dates can be included when considered be ordered at a charge (an order form is sent with the necessary. i.e. Ryacophila Iluhila (Zetterstedt. 1840). proofs), FAUNA NORYEGICA Ser. A. B. C vii normalt ut Referansemessig skalen aldri ta hensyn tif numme komme med til sammen 5 hefter i 10pet av en argang ret i lJvre Jwyre hjlJrne po omslaKet Gnne i firkanten). (ett volum). For at heftene skal komme inn undet Oet en skal ta hensyn til er de oppgitte data for re Postverkets regler for billig serie-utsendelse, for spektive serier. De f0rste heftene i hver serie vii i ar langes det at Fauna norvegica i hvert kalenderar gis gang 1981 hete henholdsvis Ser. B Vol. 28 No. 1. Ser. fortl0pende nummer fra I og oppover (altsa i argang C Cinclus Vol. 4 No.!, Ser. A Yol. 2 No. 1. Det er 1981: 1-5). Det vii kunne bli noe tilfeldig hvilke disse data som gir den korrekte litteraturreferansen, hefter som blir gitt de respektive nummer pa grunn og det er disse forkortelsene som star oppf0rt i Ab av uregelmessigheter med rekkef01gen i l0pet av aret. stract til hver artikkel og pa srertrykkene. Content Fauna norveglca ser. B. Vol. 31. No. 2. Fjellberg. A.: Collembola from lan Mayen. Bj0rn0ya and Hopen with additions to the species list from Spitsbergen _...... 69 Olsen. A.: The sex ratios of three species of thrips. Myc/ero/hrips lallls (Bagnalll, Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday. and Taenio/hrips picipes (Zetterstedtl in the Doyrefjell mountains (Thys., Thripidae) . . . . . 77 ndersen. T. & Tysse, A.: The life cycle of Halesus radia/us (Curtis, 1834) (Trich., Limnephilidae) in a West Norwegian lowland stream...... 81 Greve. L.., Solem. JO. & Olsen, A.: Distribution and flight period of Bibionidae (Dipt.l in Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll. Central Norway , . .. _ 88 lonassen. T: Some recent records of Hybotidae and Microphoridae !Dip Empiodoidea) from Norway. . . . _...... 92 imonsen.:\.: Ouster analysis of milliped communities of different altitudes and distances from the coast in SetesdaJen. Southern Norway...... 96 Short communications Hagenlund. G.: Bide'iSus grossepunctatus Vorbringer (Col., Dytiscidae) new to Norway...... 103 Hagenlund. G.: Nye funn ay akyatiske Coleoptera i S0r-Norge ...... 104 tenseth. :-.:c.: Observations on dispersal in spruce bark beetles Ups typographicus L.)...... 106 Ottesen. PS. & Hansen. L.O.: Uloma culinaris (U (Col. Tenebrionidae) new to Norway 106 Huru. H. Habrophlebia (Eph.. Leptophlebiidae) new to Norway...... 107 Hofsvang. T.: The distribution of Tipllla (ArctOlipllla) Salicetorum Siebke, 1870 (Dip.. , Tipulidae) in Norway.. . _ ...... _...... 108 HAland. 0: Dixella .filicomi.~ !Dipt.. Dixidae) found in ="lorway ...... 109 Rozko~ny. R. & Greve. L.. /lione lineata (Fallen. 1820) !Dipt.. Sciomyzidae) new to Norway...... 110 Fjeldsa. A. Greve. L. & ~ilsen.:\J .\'eopachygaster meromaelaena !Dufour. 1841) and Praomria leachii ICurtis. 1824) !Dip!., Stratiomyidae) new to :-':orway ...... I11 GreYe, L., Olsen. A & Solem. JO Xl-/ophaglls compeditus Wiedemann, 1851 in Norway !DipI, Xyl(lphagidae) ...... I11 Hesjedal. K: M('gas('lia rufipe.~ ~teigen !Dipt.. Phoridae) as a prepupae parasite of the winter moth and allied species in deciduous forests in Western Norway...... 113 Bokanmeldelse Hagvar. S ...... _...... 115 Erratum Tveit, L. & Hauge. E.: The Spider fauna of Kristiansand and Setesdalen, S. orway. Fauna nor\'. Ser. B 31. 23-45 . 115 nnouncements rhird international congress of systematic and evolutionary biology. 1985 Entomologisk Iitteratur. Ent. Meddr 51 ...... 116 Til allc som melder adrcsseforandring eller innsender konlingent: Ikke gi ufullstendige data som: «:\dresseforandring iil Fauna norvegica». Vi ma vilc 1/1 i/~"1/ wrh' del gjelder Ved kontinRentlnnhetallnR: Speslflser h"i1ken serle og hvllket Arstall (Ar RanR) det gjelder. FA1JNA NORVEGICA Series B Norwegian Journal of Entomology 1982-1984 Vol. 29 (1982), 30 (1983), 31 (1984) Kristiansen & W0ien, Oslo CONTENT Articles Aarvik, L. Contribution to the knowledge of the Norwegian Lepidoptera I .... Vo!. 30, 1983 77- 80 Andersen, A. Carabidae and Staphylinidae (CoL) in swede and cauliflower fields in south-eastern Norway . Vo!. 29,1982 49- 61 Andersen, J. Contribution to the knowledge of the distribution, habitat selection and life-history of the riparian beetles in Norway . Vo!. 29,1982 62- 68 Andersen, T. Some studies on Macrolepidoptera in coastal heathland habitats in Western Norway . Vo!. 29,1982 85-104 Andersen, T. The flight period of Caddis-flies (Trichoptera) on the Island of Ostef0y, Western Norway . Vo!. 30,1983 63- 68 Andersen, T., A. Fjeldsa & A. M0rch (t). Lepidoptera from Sigdal and adjacent districts, western Buskerud, Norway. Ill. Ditrysia (continued) . Vol, 29,1982 78- 84 Andersen, T. & Tysse, A. The life cycle of Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) (Trich., Limnephilidae) in a West Norwegian lowland stream . Vo!. 31,1984 81- 87 Austara,0. Survey ofthe Pine Beauty Moth Panolisjlammea in Norway in 1980 and 1981 using traps with synthetic pheromone analogues . Vo!. 29, 1982 105-109 Austara, 0, E. Annila, B. Bejer & B. Ehnstr6m. Insect pests in forests of the Nordic countries 1977 -1981 . Vo!. 31,1984 8- IS Ellefsen, G. E. & L. Greve. The acrocerid flies of Norway (Dipt. Acroceridae) Vo!. 31, 1984 20- 22 Fjellberg, A. Collembola from Jan Mayen, Bj0rn0ya and Hopen with additions to the species list from Spitsbergen . Vo!. 31, 1984 69- 76 Friden, A. Effects of water regulation on beetle fauna of open shores of mountain lakes in Scandinavia . . Vo!. 31, 19~4 16- 19 Greve, L. & J. O. Solem. Piophila (Amphipogon)jlava (Zett. 1838) in Norway (Dipt., Piophilidae) . Vo!. 30, 1983 81- 83 Greve, L., Solem, J. O. & Olsen, A. Distribution and flight period of Bibionidae (Dipt.) in Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll, Central Norway . Vo!. 31,1984 88- 91 Halvorsen, G. A., E. Willassen & O. A. Srether. Chironomidae (Dipt.) from Ekse, Western Norway . Vo!. 29,1982 115-121 Hanssen, O. & H. Olsvik. Nye funn av Coleoptera fra M0re og Romsdal. (New records of Coleoptera from M0re og Romsdal) . Vo!. 29, 1982 74- 77 Hauge, E. & T. Kvamme. Spiders from forest-fire areas in southeast Norway .. Vo!. 30, 1983 39- 45 Hodkinson, I. D. Facultative parthenogenesis in Psy/la myrtilli Wagner (Horn., Psyllidae): the saga continues in Norway . Vo!. 30, 1983 1- 2 Hofsvang, T. & E. B. Hagvar. Primary parasitoids (Hym., Aphidiidae) and hyperparasitoids on aphids from Norway . Vo!. 30, 1983 60- 62 Hagvar, E. B. Phenology and species composition of Syrphidae (Dipt.) in a medow habitat. . Vo!. 30, 1983 84- 87 Jonassen, T. Some recent records of Hybotidae and Microphoridae (Dipt., Empiodoidea)from Norway . Vo!. 31, 1984 92- 95 Jonsson, N. The life history of Psyl/a mali Schmidberger (Horn., Psyllidae); and its relationship to the development ofthe apple blossom . Vo!. 30,1983 3- 8 Jonsson, N. The bug fauna (Hem., Heteroptera) on apple trees in south-eastern Norway . Vo!. 30,1983 9- 13 Key, R. S. Duster analysis of dung inhabiting beetle communities from different altitudes in Jostedalen, South-West Norway . Vo!. 29,1982 24- 33 Kvamme, T. New records of Norwegian Coleoptera I. Species new to the fauna Vo!. 29,1982 34- 35 Kvamme, T. & R. Axelsson. Sphecidae (Hym., Aculeata) recorded from bark beetle pipe traps and some faunal notes from South Norway . Vo!. 30, 1983 57- 59 Lillehammer, A. Distribution, seasonal abundance and emergence of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the 0vre Heimdal area of the Norwegian Jotunheimen Mountains . Vo!. 31, 1984 1- 7 Mehl, R. The distribution and host relations of Norwegian ticks (Acari, Ixodides) . Vo!. 30, 1983 46- 51 Mehl, R., C. Bang, B. Kjos-Hanssen & H. Lie. Mallophaga from Svalbard . Vo!. 29, 1982 19- 23 Mehl, R., T. Traavik & R. Wiger. The composition of the mosquito fauna in selected biotopes for arbovirus studies in Norway . Vo!. 30, 1983 14- 24 Mehl, R. & T. Traavik. The tick Ixodes uriae (Acari, Ixodides) in seabird colonies in Norway . Vo!. 30, 1983 94-107 Mehl, R., 1. Michaelsen & G. Lid. Ticks (Acari, Ixodides) on migratory birds in Norway . Vo!. 31, 1984 46- 58 Messersmith, D. H. Some Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera from Iceland and Greenland . Vo!. 29, 1982 17- 18 Messersmith, D. H. A report on a collection of Diptera from Iceland and Greenland...... Vol. 29, 1982 36- 39 Olsen, A. The sex ratios of three species ofthrips, Mycterothrips latus (Bagnalll, Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday, and Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedtl in the Dovrefjell mountains (Thys., Thripidae) . Vol. 31, 1984 77- 80 Olsen, A. & J. O. Solem. On the Norwegian thrips fauna (Thysanoptera) . Vol. 29, 1982 5- 16 Olsvik, H. Noen nye lokaliteter for Coenagrion armatum (Charp.l (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) pa 0stlandet . Vol. 30, 1983 108-109 Rognes, K. Some interesting captures of Muscidae (DiptJ from Norway . Vol. 29,1982 40 44 Rognes, K. A small collection ofcalypterate Diptera (Tachinidae Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae) from the Dovre mountains, Southern Norway . Vol. 29,1982 110-114 Rognes, K. Some Diptera (Tachinidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae) from the mountains of the Finse area, Southern Norway . Vol. 30, 1983 25 33 Rognes, K. Additions to the Norwegian fauna of Calypterate Diptera (Tachinidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae) . Vol. 30, 1983 88- 93 Simonsen, A. Ouster analysis of milliped communities of different altitudes and distances from the coast in Setesdalen, Southern Norway . Vol. 31,1984 96-102 Solem, J. O. Identification ofthe Norwegian larvae of the genus Potamophylax Wallengren, 1891 (Trichoptera Limnephilidae), with data on life histories, habitats and food in the Kongsvoll area, Dovrefjell mountains, Central Norway Vo1.30,1983 69 76 Stol. I. On the Norwegian harvestmen (Opiliones). Contribution to ecology, morphological variation and distribution . Vol. 29, 1982 122-134 Tveit, L. & E. Hauge. Notes on Micrargus herbigradus Blackwall and M .. apertus (0. P.-Cambridge) in Norway (Araneae) . Vol. 30, 1983 34- 38 Tveit, L. & E. Hauge. The spider fauna of Kristiansand and Setesdalen, S. Norway , Vol. 31, 1984 23 45 Wiig,0. Contribution to the knowledge of the Norwegian fauna of Ophioninae (Hym., Ichneumonidae) . Vo1.29,1982 69 71 Yalden, P. E. The effect of latitude on colony size in Bombus monticola Smith and B. lapponicus (Fabricius) (Hym., Apidae) . Vo1.29,1982 72 73 Zachariassen, K. E. Dosent dr. philos. Lauritz S0mme 50 ar . Vo1.29,1982 1 4 Short communications Aarvik, L. & F. Midtgaard. The fungivorous moth Scardia polypori (Esperl (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) new to Norway . Vol. 29, 1982 135 Aarvik, L. & S. A. Bakke. Nola aerugula (Hubner, 1793) (Lep., Nolidae) new to Norway . Vol. 31, 1984 65- 66 Andersen, A. Aleochara bipustulata (L) (Col., Staphylinidae) parasitizing Deliafloralis (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) . Vol. 29,1982 46- 47 Andersen, J., T, R. Nielsen & K. E. Zachariassen. Nye funn av biller i Norge .. Vol. 31, 1984 59- 60 Andersen, T. Additions to the list ofCaddis flies (Trichoptera) from Vestfold, south-eastern Norway . Vol. 30, 1983 53 54 Andersen, T. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) on sugar baits . Vol. 30, J983 54- 55 Brittain. J. E. The first record ofthe nymph of Xanthoperla apicalis (Newman) (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from Scandinavia, with a key to the mature nymphs of the Scandinavian Chloroperlidae . Vol. 30, 1983 52- 53 Dolmen, D. & A. Hanssen. RanlUs notaticollis Aube (Col., Dytiscidae) a species new to Norway . Vo1.29,1982 45 Einarsson, A. Dictyna arundinacea (L.) (Araneae, Dictynidae) found in Iceland. Vol. 31, 1984 66- 67 Fjeldsa, A., Greve, L. & Nilsen, A. J. Neopachygaster meromaelaena (Dufour, 1841l and Praomyta leachii (Curtis, 1824)(Dipt., Stratiomyidae) new to Norway . Vol. 31, 1984 III Fjellberg, A. Three species of staphylinid Co1eoptera new to Spitsbergen . Vol. 30, 1983 110-111 Greve, L. Platycephala umbraculata (Fabr. 1794) (Dipt., C10ropidae) new to Norway . Vol. 30,1983 111-112 Greve, L. Cryptaciura rotundiventris (Falll~n, 1820) (Dipt., Tephritidae) ne,'! to Norway . Vol. 29,1982 47 48 Greve, L. Clusiodes verticalis (Collyer, 1912) and Hendelia beckeri Czerny, 1903 (Dipt., C1usiidae) found in Norway . Vol. 30, 1983 55 Greve, L., 0lsen, A. & Solem, J. O. Xylophagus campeditus Wiedemann, 1851 in Norway (Dipt., Xylophagidae) . Vol. 31, 1984 111-113 Hagenlund, G. Bidessus grossepunctatus Vorbringer (Col. Dytiscidae) new to Norway . Vol. 31,1984 103-104 Hagen1und, G. Nye funn av akvatiske Coleoptera i S0r-Norge . Vol. 31,1984 104-105 Hesjedal, K. Megaselia rufipes Meigen (Dipt., Phoridae) as a prepupae parasite of the winter moth and allied species in deciduous forests in Western Norway. Vol. 31,1984 113-114 Hofsvang, T. The distribution of Tipula (A rctotipula)Salicetorum Siebke, 1870 Erratum Austreng, M. P, & L. S0mme. The fauna of predatory bugs in Norwegian apple orchards. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 27, 3-8 ...... Vol. 29, 1982 136 Tveit, L. & Hauge, E. The spider fauna of Kristiansand and Setesdalen, S. Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 3/, 23 -45...... Vol. 31, 1984 115 Book reviews Turin, H. 1981. Provisional checklist of the European ground-beetles, Amsterdam...... Vol. 29, 1982 136 Lange, R. H. & J. BI0dern 1981. Das elektronen Mikroskop TEM + REM. Stuttgart...... Vol. 29, 1982 136 Nilsen, A. C. 1982. Zoologiske prepareringsteknikker, Oslo...... Vol. 30, 1983 56 Duranton, J.-F., M. Launois, Mitt. Lounois-Luong & M. Lecoq 1982. Manuel de prospection Acridienne en zone tropicale seche. Paris Vol. 31, 1984 68 Wells, S. M., R. M. Pyle & N. M. CoBins 1983. The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book. Cambridge...... Vol. 31, 1984 115 Editor-in-Chief (Ansvarlig redaktorl Editorial Board (Redaksjonsn'id) Ole A. Srether, Museum of Zoology, Museplass 3, Svein Haftorn, Trondheim, Wim Vader, Troms0, 5000 Bergen. Rolf Vik, Oslo. Editorial Committee (Redaksjonskomite) Address: Arne Nilssen, Zoological Dept., Troms0 Museum, Zoological Museum N-9000 Troms0, John O. Solem, DKNVS Museet, Sars gt. I Erling Skakkes gt. 47B, N-7000 Trondheim, Albert 0562 Oslo 5 Lillehammer, Zoological Museum, Sars gt. I, 0562 Postgiro 2 34 83 65 Oslo 5. ISSN 0332-7698 Managing Editor (Administrerende redaktor) Edvard K. Barth, Zoological Museum, Sars gt. I, 0562 Oslo 5.