DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction to This Module

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction to This Module MODULE 9: ADVANCED IDENTIFICATION OF MISCELLANEOUS TAXA INCLUDING CRUSTACEA - BY TERRY GLEDHILL AND IAN WALLACE Introduction to this module To include: Crustacea (with tips on the identification of zooplankton), freshwater arachnids, Bryozoa, Lepidoptera and Megaloptera and Neuroptera. This module provides guidance on the very important groups of Crustacean arthropods and also serves as a “catch- all” for some small, but fascinating invertebrate groups which do not warrant modules of their own. These are i) the water spiders and their relatives the freshwater mites (a large group which to date are difficult to identify, but which might prove important in water quality terms in the future, ii) the moss animals or Bryozoa, iii) the moths with aquatic larvae, iv) the alderflies, aquatic lacewings and spongeflies (N.B. alderflies were covered in module 2 and will only be given a brief mention here). As with the other modules, there are mandatory exercises which will be marked by your tutor. You can submit them by printing out this workbook and filling in the appropriate spaces by hand (but please add your name to the front of the workbook), or you can use the template appended to the introductory part and send completed exercises by email. Completion of this module will give you the Advanced Level for identification of miscellaneous taxa including Crustacea. Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 2 of 68 SECTION 1: CRUSTACEA For this section you’ll need a copy of the following FBA Keys: British Freshwater Crustacea Malacostraca: a key with ecological notes (Gledhill et al., 1993); British Freshwater Cladocera (Scourfield & Harding, 1966); A Key to the British Freshwater Cyclopoid and Calanoid Copepods (Harding & Smith, 1974). The freshwater crustacean fauna of Britain and Ireland can be split into various groups: the small (often microscopic) planktonic and sometimes benthic cladoceran and copepod water fleas and seed shrimps and the larger fairy, brine and tadpole shrimps. With the exception of the bathynellids which are c. 1mm long, the other major group comprises the larger crustaceans (Malacostraca), which includes the mysid shrimps, amphipod shrimps, water hog lice, crabs and crayfish. Some particular features that may be useful for separating these groups are: 1) Size 2) Shape 3) If alive, swimming movement 4) Colour and patterning In places, pointers will be given to identification features. These are not definitive, but may be helpful when looking at some specimens. It is helpful to view specimens alive where possible, and observe their movement and colour (for example, when separating the families of freshwater shrimp Gammaridae and Crangonyctidae, the former tend to be pinkish when alive and crawl or scuttle on their sides, whilst the latter are more transparent with a bluish tinge and tend to ‘walk’ in an upright position). If looking at preserved specimens under the microscope, make sure that they are completely covered by a layer of water or preservation fluid to prevent reflections which can produce artefacts. Depending on the preservative used, colours may be leached or misrepresented, and therefore are not a reliable character in preserved specimens. Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 3 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED 1.1 Other Crustacea Fairy shrimps, brine shrimps, tadpole shrimps, and cladoceran water fleas (Class BRANCHIOPODA) • There are four small orders: Conchostraca (clam shrimps – now split into three separate orders: Cyclestherida, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata - which will not be covered any further in this module as they are not found wild here); Anostraca (fairy shrimps); Notostraca (tadpole shrimps) and Entomostraca (cladoceran water fleas) Fairy shrimps • One species: Chirocephalus diaphanus • Pointers to identification: eleven pairs of thoracic limbs (maximum length 35mm); swims with appendages uppermost and back acting as a keel; eyes are usually fairly large and carried on stalks; transparent body which often has brightly coloured parts (tips of limbs and tail may have a reddish hue) (see Fig. 1.1.1) Fig. 1.1.1 Fairy shrimp • Only found in shallow, temporary pools e.g. in the New Forest Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 4 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED Brine shrimps • One species: Artemia salina • Pointers to identification: resembles Chirocephalus but much smaller (maximum length 15mm) (see Fig. 1.1.2) • Rare, found in brackish water bodies (a) (b) Fig. 1.1.2 (a) Adult brine shrimps swimming, (b) juvenile brine shrimp (reproduced from Natural History of the British Entomostraca, Ray Society) Tadpole shrimps • One species: Triops cancriformis • Pointers to identification: broad oval carapace (maximum length 40mm) with two long tapering tails and many pairs of limbs which they use for swimming, although these may be hidden under the carapace (see Fig. 1.1.3) • Found in small, shallow, muddy temporary pools, rare in British Fig. 1.1.3 Tadpole shrimp Isles Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 5 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED Cladoceran water fleas • There are many genera, families and species • Pointers to identification: the characteristics used for identification include antennal length and segments, carapace shape (maximum length c. or below 4mm) and markings (see Fig. 1.1.4). Refer to FBA key to take identification further • Many species are truly planktonic, but several families crawl and are associated with vegetation • Predaceous cladocera can be longer than 10mm, but these are truly planktonic, very transparent, elongated with a residual carapace, and are only found in lakes Fig. 1.1.4 Cladoceran water flea Seed shrimps (Class OSTRACODA) • Around 90 species • Pointers to identification: Valve shape can be used as a pointer, but identification of genera requires dissection; do not confuse with small bivalve molluscs. The body is enclosed in an oval carapace made up of two halves, which may look like a bivalve shell (fairly transparent when they are alive), but they have jointed Fig. 1.1.5 Seed shrimp limbs and other appendages, which bivalves do not have. These appendages may not be immediately visible, or only partially showing (see Fig. 1.1.5) Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 6 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED • They are generally associated with the substratum, although they can be found in the plankton. They are found in both rivers and stillwaters, and in large numbers in interstitial spaces, but you are not likely to find many in standard net samples, though occasionally can be hugely abundant in benthic sweeps from silty substrata • They may go through a 1mm mesh although Gigantocypris grows to over 1mm long • Tips on preservation: • Do not preserve in concentrated ethanol, methanol or formalin, as these can cause the shells to decalcify • In order to preserve with open valves and show appendages use 70-80% alcohol, to preserve with closed valves (best for observing overall shape) use a solution of glycerine in 80-90% alcohol (Bronshtein, 1988) • The British key “Freshwater Ostracods” by P.A. Henderson, (1990, Linnean Society) has been out of print for some time but can be obtained as CD ROM (Pisces Conservation Ltd, July 2002) Ref: Z. S. Bronshtein (1988) Fresh-water Ostracoda A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 7 of 68 EXERCISE 1 Find an example of a cladoceran water flea and an ostracod in your samples, and note down (and draw) the morphological differences between the two Mark = / 10 Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 8 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED Copepod water fleas (Class COPEPODA) • There are three orders which share some common characteristics: Cyclopoidea; Calanoidea; Harpacticoidea. They all have five pairs of limbs, a single median eyespot, and can be planktonic or benthic, and many would pass through a 1mm mesh. In all three groups the characteristics used for identification include appendages and spines on different legs. Take care when examining organisms, as egg sacs may be dislodged from some of the individuals, so try to look at more than one. Refer to FBA key to take identification further for calanoids and cyclopoids (FBA key only covers females). Order Cyclopoidea • There are a number of genera, and depending on the authority, a variable number of species (~50) • Pointers to identification: tear drop shaped body and antennae which are not longer than the length of the body; segments of appendages are important for identification; females have two egg sacs (see Fig. 1.1.6) • They are found throughout the whole water column, some near the substratum and some in the Fig. 1.1.6 Cyclopoid copepod plankton, in both rivers and stillwaters Order Calanoidea • Fourteen species (FBA key) • Pointers to identification: Antennae much longer than length of whole body; females have a single egg sac (See Fig. 1.1.7) Fig. 1.1.7 Calanoid copepod • Generally planktonic and only found in lakes (this group is mostly marine, with only remnant species in freshwaters) Module 9: Version 2, December 2010 (Terry Gledhill and Ian Wallace) Page 9 of 68 SECTION 1: CONTINUED Order Harpacticoidea • Around 40 species • Pointers to identification: slim, elongate body shape with somewhat parallel sides and reduced antennae; will usually go through a standard 1mm pond net mesh (see Fig. 1.1.8) • Benthic and found in interstitial spaces, found in both rivers and stillwaters Fig. 1.1.8 Harpacticoid copepod Fish lice (Class BRANCHIURA) – one family • Three species: Argulus coregoni and Argulus foliaceus are both native; Argulus japonicus has been recorded in exotic fish, but is very rare • All are ectoparasites which drop off and swim in the plankton to find another fish host and therefore may be found in net samples • Pointers to identification: the species can be distinguished by tail shape: Argulus coregoni – abdominal lobes (extensions from the back of the body) (see Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Inferred from Nuclear 18S Ribosomal DNA (18S Rdna) Sequences
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 (2002) 535–544 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetic analysis of anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) inferred from nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences Peter H.H. Weekers,a,* Gopal Murugan,a,1 Jacques R. Vanfleteren,a Denton Belk,b and Henri J. Dumonta a Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium b Biology Department, Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA Received 20 February 2001; received in revised form 18 June 2002 Abstract The nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) of 27 anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) belonging to 14 genera and eight out of nine traditionally recognized families has been sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA phylogeny shows that the anostracans are monophyletic. The taxa under examination form two clades of subordinal level and eight clades of family level. Two families the Polyartemiidae and Linderiellidae are suppressed and merged with the Chirocephalidae, of which together they form a subfamily. In contrast, the Parartemiinae are removed from the Branchipodidae, raised to family level (Parartemiidae) and cluster as a sister group to the Artemiidae in a clade defined here as the Artemiina (new suborder). A number of morphological traits support this new suborder. The Branchipodidae are separated into two families, the Branchipodidae and Ta- nymastigidae (new family). The relationship between Dendrocephalus and Thamnocephalus requires further study and needs the addition of Branchinella sequences to decide whether the Thamnocephalidae are monophyletic. Surprisingly, Polyartemiella hazeni and Polyartemia forcipata (‘‘Family’’ Polyartemiidae), with 17 and 19 thoracic segments and pairs of trunk limb as opposed to all other anostracans with only 11 pairs, do not cluster but are separated by Linderiella santarosae (‘‘Family’’ Linderiellidae), which has 11 pairs of trunk limbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.New and Interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera Records from 2007 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
    SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Corley, M. F. V.; Marabuto, E.; Maravalhas, E.; Pires, P.; Cardoso, J. P. New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2007 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 36, núm. 143, septiembre, 2008, pp. 283-300 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45512164002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 283-300 New and interesting Po 4/9/08 17:37 Página 283 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (143), septiembre 2008: 283-300 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2007 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) M. F. V. Corley, E. Marabuto, E. Maravalhas, P. Pires & J. P. Cardoso Abstract 38 species are added to the Portuguese Lepidoptera fauna and two species deleted, mainly as a result of fieldwork undertaken by the authors in the last year. In addition, second and third records for the country and new food-plant data for a number of species are included. A summary of papers published in 2007 affecting the Portuguese fauna is included. KEY WORDS: Insecta, Lepidoptera, geographical distribution, Portugal. Novos e interessantes registos portugueses de Lepidoptera em 2007 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Resumo Como resultado do trabalho de campo desenvolvido pelos autores principalmente no ano de 2007, são adicionadas 38 espécies de Lepidoptera para a fauna de Portugal e duas são retiradas.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetland Wildlife Cards
    Wetland wildlife cards • To make the cards, cut the line across the width of your paper then fold each half in half again so you end up with a picture on one side and the information on the other. Stick the two sides together with glue. Cut Fold Fold Stickleback Diet: Insects, crustaceans, tadpoles and smaller fish Wetland adaptations: Some sticklebacks have adapted to be able to cope with both fresh and saltwater meaning they can live in both rivers and the sea Classification: Vertebrate - Fish Habitat: Ponds, lakes, ditches and rivers Did you know? The male develops a bright red throat and belly and performs a courtship dance to attract a mate. The male also builds and protects the nest Cut Cut Eel Diet: Plants, dead animals, fish eggs, invertebrates and other fish Wetland adaptations: Long, narrow body enables it to get into crevices Classification: Vertebrate - Fish Habitat: Rivers and ditches Did you know? Adult eels migrate 3,000 miles (4,800 km) to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. It then takes the young eels two or three years to drift back to their homes here in the UK Fold Fold Smooth newt Diet: Insects, caterpillars, worms and slugs while on land; crustaceans, molluscs and tadpoles when in the water Wetland adaptations: Can breathe through their skin Classification: Vertebrate - Amphibian Habitat: Ponds in spring; woodland, grassland, hedgerows and marshes in summer and autumn; hibernates underground, among tree roots and under rocks and logs over winter Did you know? Their body gives out a poisonous fluid when they feel threatened
    [Show full text]
  • Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 2018, 419, 42 Knowledge & © K. Pabis, Published by EDP Sciences 2018 Management of Aquatic https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018030 Ecosystems www.kmae-journal.org Journal fully supported by Onema REVIEW PAPER What is a moth doing under water? Ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic Lepidoptera Krzysztof Pabis* Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland Abstract – This paper reviews the current knowledge on the ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic moths, and discusses possible pre-adaptations of the moths to the aquatic environment. It also highlights major gaps in our understanding of this group of aquatic insects. Aquatic and semi-aquatic moths represent only a tiny fraction of the total lepidopteran diversity. Only about 0.5% of 165,000 known lepidopterans are aquatic; mostly in the preimaginal stages. Truly aquatic species can be found only among the Crambidae, Cosmopterigidae and Erebidae, while semi-aquatic forms associated with amphibious or marsh plants are known in thirteen other families. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay under water or in close proximity to water. Problems of respiratory adaptations, locomotor abilities, influence of predators and parasitoids, as well as feeding preferences are discussed. Nevertheless, the poor knowledge on their biology, life cycles, genomics and phylogenetic relationships preclude the generation of fully comprehensive evolutionary scenarios. Keywords: Lepidoptera / Acentropinae / caterpillars / freshwater / herbivory Résumé – Que fait une mite sous l'eau? Écologie des lépidoptères aquatiques et semi-aquatiques. Cet article passe en revue les connaissances actuelles sur l'écologie des mites aquatiques et semi-aquatiques, et discute des pré-adaptations possibles des mites au milieu aquatique.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Conservation on a Shoestring
    Bulletin of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management Issue 98 | December 2017 Nature Conservation on a Shoestring In this issue Conservation on a Shoestring: Working for Wildlife – Pantheon: A New Resource The Mutualistic Benefits of Environmental Partnerships for Invertebrate Survey University – Nature Reserve between Water Companies Standards and Analysis Collaborations and Wildlife Trusts Welcome Information Nature Conservation on a Shoestring In Practice No. 98 December 2017 Most CIEEM members will agree that a healthy, wildlife-rich natural world is valuable ISSN 1754-4882 in its own right as well as being the foundation of our wellbeing and prosperity; Editor we depend on it and it depends on us. Yet too many forces in the world are pulling Dr Gillian Kerby ([email protected]) wildlife and people apart, unnecessarily damaging natural systems, disrupting Internal contributions ecological processes and reducing biodiversity. The turbulence of the political climate coordinator opens up major risks but also presents new opportunities for nature conservation. Mr Jason Reeves ([email protected]) We have our work cut out to turn this chaos to the advantage of the natural world. Editorial Board Mr Jonathan Barnes, Dr Kate Bayley, The Wildlife Trusts believe that everyone deserves to live in a healthy environment, Dr Andrew Cherrill, Mr Dominic Coath, rich in wildlife and full of opportunities to enjoy the natural world. By working Mr Neil Harwood, Dr Caroline McParland, together, in the places that are closest and most important to us, people can change Mrs Kate Morris, Mr Paul Rooney, the natural world for the better – whoever and wherever we are – for ourselves and Mr Paul Scott, Miss Katrena Stanhope, Mr Darren Towers for future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015 Contents
    Wimbledon and Putney Commons Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015 Contents CONTEXT 1 A. SYSTEMATIC RECORDING 3 METHODS 3 OUTCOMES 6 REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 B. BIOBLITZ 19 REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS LEARNT 21 C. REFERENCES 22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of The Plain on Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2 Figure 2 Experimental Reptile Refuge near the Junction of Centre Path and Somerset Ride 5 Figure 3 Contrasting Cut and Uncut Areas in the Conservation Zone of The Plain, Spring 2015 6/7 Figure 4 Notable Plant Species Recorded on The Plain, Summer 2015 8 Figure 5 Meadow Brown and white Admiral Butterflies 14 Figure 6 Hairy Dragonfly and Willow Emerald Damselfly 14 Figure 7 The BioBlitz Route 15 Figure 8 Vestal and European Corn-borer moths 16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Mowing Dates for the Conservation Area of The Plain 3 Table 2 Dates for General Observational Records of The Plain, 2015 10 Table 3 Birds of The Plain, Spring - Summer 2015 11 Table 4 Summary of Insect Recording in 2015 12/13 Table 5 Rare Beetles Living in the Vicinity of The Plain 15 LIST OF APPENDICES A1 The Wildlife and Conservation Forum and Volunteer Recorders 23 A2 Sward Height Data Spring 2015 24 A3 Floral Records for The Plain : Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2015 26 A4 The Plain Spring and Summer 2015 – John Weir’s General Reports 30 A5 a Birds on The Plain March to September 2015; 41 B Birds on The Plain - summary of frequencies 42 A6 ai Butterflies on The Plain (DW) 43 aii Butterfly long-term transect including The Plain (SR) 44 aiii New woodland butterfly transect
    [Show full text]
  • Zooplankton Community Dynamics in Temporary Mediterranean Wetlands: Which Drivers Are Controlling the Seasonal Species Replacement?
    water Article Zooplankton Community Dynamics in Temporary Mediterranean Wetlands: Which Drivers Are Controlling the Seasonal Species Replacement? Juan Diego Gilbert 1, Inmaculada de Vicente 2, Fernando Ortega 1 and Francisco Guerrero 1,3,* 1 Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain; [email protected] (J.D.G.); [email protected] (F.O.) 2 Departamento de Ecología, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n., 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 3 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Campus de las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Temporary Mediterranean wetlands are characterized by both intra and interannual varia- tions in their environmental conditions. These inherent fluctuations in limnological features affect the seasonal variation in the structure and dynamics of the aquatic communities. In this study, we hypothesized that zooplankton community is coupled to seasonal changes of the environmental variables along the hydroperiod. To get this purpose, the study was focused in monitoring, by collecting monthly samples during an annual period, seven temporary Mediterranean ponds lo- cated in the south-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula (Alto Guadalquivir region, Andalusia). The relationships between zooplankton community and the different limnological variables were analyzed based on two approaches: a Spearman correlation analysis and a correspondence canonical Citation: Gilbert, J.D.; de Vicente, I.; analysis (CCA). The results have shown that chlorophyll-a concentration, Secchi depth, total nitrogen Ortega, F.; Guerrero, F. Zooplankton concentration, wetland area and depth were the variables with a greater influence on the zooplankton Community Dynamics in Temporary community, explaining the zooplankton species replacement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation
    M DC, — _ CO ^. E CO iliSNrNVINOSHilWS' S3ldVyan~LIBRARlES*"SMITHS0N!AN~lNSTITUTl0N N' oCO z to Z (/>*Z COZ ^RIES SMITHSONIAN_INSTITUTlON NOIiniIiSNI_NVINOSHllWS S3ldVaan_L: iiiSNi'^NviNOSHiiNS S3iavyan libraries Smithsonian institution N( — > Z r- 2 r" Z 2to LI ^R I ES^'SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTlON'"NOIini!iSNI~NVINOSHilVMS' S3 I b VM 8 11 w </» z z z n g ^^ liiiSNi NviNOSHims S3iyvyan libraries Smithsonian institution N' 2><^ =: to =: t/J t/i </> Z _J Z -I ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS SSIdVyan L — — </> — to >'. ± CO uiiSNi NViNosHiiws S3iyvaan libraries Smithsonian institution n CO <fi Z "ZL ~,f. 2 .V ^ oCO 0r Vo^^c>/ - -^^r- - 2 ^ > ^^^^— i ^ > CO z to * z to * z ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNl NVINOSHllWS S3iaVdan L to 2 ^ '^ ^ z "^ O v.- - NiOmst^liS^> Q Z * -J Z I ID DAD I re CH^ITUCnMIAM IMOTtTIITinM / c. — t" — (/) \ Z fj. Nl NVINOSHIIINS S3 I M Vd I 8 H L B R AR I ES, SMITHSONlAN~INSTITUTION NOIlfl :S^SMITHS0NIAN_ INSTITUTION N0liniliSNI__NIVIN0SHillMs'^S3 I 8 VM 8 nf LI B R, ^Jl"!NVINOSHimS^S3iavyan"'LIBRARIES^SMITHS0NIAN~'lNSTITUTI0N^NOIin L '~^' ^ [I ^ d 2 OJ .^ . ° /<SS^ CD /<dSi^ 2 .^^^. ro /l^2l^!^ 2 /<^ > ^'^^ ^ ..... ^ - m x^^osvAVix ^' m S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION — NOIlfliliSNrNVINOSHimS^SS iyvyan~LIBR/ S "^ ^ ^ c/> z 2 O _ Xto Iz JI_NVIN0SH1I1/MS^S3 I a Vd a n^LI B RAR I ES'^SMITHSONIAN JNSTITUTION "^NOlin Z -I 2 _j 2 _j S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHilWS S3iyVaan LI BR/ 2: r- — 2 r- z NVINOSHiltNS ^1 S3 I MVy I 8 n~L B R AR I Es'^SMITHSONIAN'iNSTITUTIOn'^ NOlin ^^^>^ CO z w • z i ^^ > ^ s smithsonian_institution NoiiniiiSNi to NviNosHiiws'^ss I dVH a n^Li br; <n / .* -5^ \^A DO « ^\t PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD AND Journal of Variation Edited by P.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Desktop Biodiversity Report
    Desktop Biodiversity Report Land at Balcombe Parish ESD/14/747 Prepared for Katherine Daniel (Balcombe Parish Council) 13th February 2014 This report is not to be passed on to third parties without prior permission of the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre. Please be aware that printing maps from this report requires an appropriate OS licence. Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre report regarding land at Balcombe Parish 13/02/2014 Prepared for Katherine Daniel Balcombe Parish Council ESD/14/74 The following information is included in this report: Maps Sussex Protected Species Register Sussex Bat Inventory Sussex Bird Inventory UK BAP Species Inventory Sussex Rare Species Inventory Sussex Invasive Alien Species Full Species List Environmental Survey Directory SNCI M12 - Sedgy & Scott's Gills; M22 - Balcombe Lake & associated woodlands; M35 - Balcombe Marsh; M39 - Balcombe Estate Rocks; M40 - Ardingly Reservior & Loder Valley Nature Reserve; M42 - Rowhill & Station Pastures. SSSI Worth Forest. Other Designations/Ownership Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; Environmental Stewardship Agreement; Local Nature Reserve; National Trust Property. Habitats Ancient tree; Ancient woodland; Ghyll woodland; Lowland calcareous grassland; Lowland fen; Lowland heathland; Traditional orchard. Important information regarding this report It must not be assumed that this report contains the definitive species information for the site concerned. The species data held by the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (SxBRC) is collated from the biological recording community in Sussex. However, there are many areas of Sussex where the records held are limited, either spatially or taxonomically. A desktop biodiversity report from SxBRC will give the user a clear indication of what biological recording has taken place within the area of their enquiry.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of the Moth Fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a Wetland Forest: a Case Study from Motovun Forest, Istria, Croatia
    PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 117, No 3, 399–414, 2015 CODEN PDBIAD DOI: 10.18054/pb.2015.117.3.2945 ISSN 0031-5362 original research article Diversity of the moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a wetland forest: A case study from Motovun forest, Istria, Croatia Abstract TONI KOREN1 KAJA VUKOTIĆ2 Background and Purpose: The Motovun forest located in the Mirna MITJA ČRNE3 river valley, central Istria, Croatia is one of the last lowland floodplain 1 Croatian Herpetological Society – Hyla, forests remaining in the Mediterranean area. Lipovac I. n. 7, 10000 Zagreb Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2014 lepidopterological 2 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, research was carried out on 14 sampling sites in the area of Motovun forest. Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia The moth fauna was surveyed using standard light traps tents. 3 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, Results and Conclusions: Altogether 403 moth species were recorded Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia in the area, of which 65 can be considered at least partially hygrophilous. These results list the Motovun forest as one of the best surveyed regions in Correspondence: Toni Koren Croatia in respect of the moth fauna. The current study is the first of its kind [email protected] for the area and an important contribution to the knowledge of moth fauna of the Istria region, and also for Croatia in general. Key words: floodplain forest, wetland moth species INTRODUCTION uring the past 150 years, over 300 papers concerning the moths Dand butterflies of Croatia have been published (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation of Pristine Polish River Systems and Their Use As Reference Conditions for Dutch River Systems
    1830 Rapport 1367.qxp 20-9-2006 16:49 Pagina 1 Characterisation of pristine Polish river systems and their use as reference conditions for Dutch river systems Rebi Nijboer Piet Verdonschot Andrzej Piechocki Grzegorz Tonczyk´ Malgorzata Klukowska Alterra-rapport 1367, ISSN 1566-7197 Characterisation of pristine Polish river systems and their use as reference conditions for Dutch river systems Commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Research Programme ‘Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries’ (no. 324) and by the project Euro-limpacs which is funded by the European Union under2 Thematic Sub-Priority 1.1.6.3. Alterra-rapport 1367 Characterisation of pristine Polish river systems and their use as reference conditions for Dutch river systems Rebi Nijboer Piet Verdonschot Andrzej Piechocki Grzegorz Tończyk Małgorzata Klukowska Alterra-rapport 1367 Alterra, Wageningen 2006 ABSTRACT Nijboer, Rebi, Piet Verdonschot, Andrzej Piechocki, Grzegorz Tończyk & Małgorzata Klukowska, 2006. Characterisation of pristine Polish river systems and their use as reference conditions for Dutch river systems. Wageningen, Alterra, Alterra-rapport 1367. 221 blz.; 13 figs.; 53 tables.; 26 refs. A central feature of the European Water Framework Directive are the reference conditions. The ecological quality status is determined by calculating the distance between the present situation and the reference conditions. To describe reference conditions the natural variation of biota in pristine water bodies should be measured. Because pristine water bodies are not present in the Netherlands anymore, water bodies (springs, streams, rivers and oxbow lakes) in central Poland were investigated. Macrophytes and macroinvertebrates were sampled and environmental variables were measured. The water bodies appeared to have a high biodiversity and a good ecological quality.
    [Show full text]