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Rural Historic Structural Survey of Wilton Township Will County, Illinois

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Rural Historic Structural Survey of Wilton Township Will County, Illinois Rural Historic Structural Survey of Wilton Township Will County, Illinois Rural Historic Structural Survey of Wilton Township Will County, Illinois September 2016 for Will County Land Use Department and Will County Historic Preservation Commission Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. 330 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, Illinois 60062 (847) 272-7400 www.wje.com Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Rural Historic Structural Survey Wilton Township Will County, Illinois TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary vii Federal Assistance Acknowledgement viii Chapter 1 – Background and Methodology Background 1 Survey Methodology 1 Survey Gaps and Future Research 2 Chapter 2 – Context History of the Rural Survey Area Geologic and Topographic Background to the Illinois Region 3 First Nations in the Illinois Region 4 The Arrival of European Settlers 7 Settlement and Development of Northeast Illinois 12 Wilton Township Developmental History 20 Schools 28 Churches 32 Cemeteries 34 Chapter 3 – American Rural Architecture Farmstead Planning 37 Development of Balloon Framing 37 Masonry Construction 41 Classification of Farmhouses 46 Architectural Style 46 House Types 51 Development of the Barn 58 Barn Types 62 Chapter 4 – Survey Summary and Recommendations Period of Significance 79 Significance 80 Potential Historic Districts, Thematic Designations, and Landmarks 84 Survey Summary 85 Notable Farmsteads in Wilton Township 87 Table 1. Surveyed Farmsteads and Related Sites in Wilton Township 105 Bibliography 153 Glossary 164 Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey Wilton Township v Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Appendix A: Historic Plat Maps Appendix B: Treaty with the Potawatomi Appendix C: Survey Maps Key to Properties by Map ID number Map 1 – Will County Key Map Map 2 – Wilton Township: Overview of Survey Map 3 – Wilton Township: Detail of Wilton Center Map 4 – Wilton Township: Significance of Sites Map 5 – Wilton Township: Potential Wilton Center District Map 6 – Wilton Township: Proposed Illiana Corridor Map 7 – Wilton Township: 1939 Aerial Photography Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey vi Wilton Township Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Executive Summary At the request of the Will County Land Use Department, acting as liaison for the Will County Historic Preservation Commission, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) has prepared this summary report of the intensive survey of existing farmsteads in Wilton Township in Will County, Illinois. The survey was performed between April 2015 and April 2016 and included thirty-six square miles with 124 farmsteads and related sites containing more than 600 individual structures. Currently, there is only county landmark in Wilton Township, the Twelve Mile Grove Cemetery. There are no National Register-listed properties in the township. Of the 124 farmsteads identified in the current survey, 16 individual farmsteads and other sites have the potential to be considered for Will County Historic Landmark designation. Aside from historic farmsteads, the local landmark eligible properties include St. Patrick Catholic Church, the Wilton Township Community Building, the former Wallingford School, and the former Harvey Brothers General Store. Of these farmstead sites, at least two— Zebb–Davis Farmstead and the Troxel–Eden Farmstead —are also considered eligible for listing in the National Register. In some cases, the eligibility of the site would be enhanced if certain historic features were restored or non-historic cladding materials such as vinyl siding were removed. Other sites have either been designated Contributing, which means in the context of this report that they retain their overall character as historically agricultural sites but lack individual distinction; or Non-contributing, which indicates that the site lacks sufficient integrity to present the theme of agricultural history in the survey region. One potential historic district has been identified as part of the survey work: a small historic district centered on the hamlet of Wilton Center, which developed beginning in the 1860s. The Wilton Township intensive survey was performed to update the previous survey of the township performed in 1988. In the previous survey, 134 farmsteads and related sites were identified in the township, containing at least 600 structures. Because of the rapid pace of contemporary development in Will County in the 1990s and changes to the agricultural economy, the Will County Historic Preservation Commission recognized the need to reassess the agricultural heritage of the region. WJE has previously completed sixteen intensive survey projects in nineteen of the County’s twenty-four townships covering Wheatland–Plainfield– Lockport, Du Page, Homer, New Lenox, Green Garden, Manhattan, Frankfort, Joliet–Troy, Channahon, Wilmington, Jackson, Florence, Reed, Custer, Wesley, and Peotone Townships. Copies of the previous survey reports were provided to public libraries and respective governing agencies in the area. Cumulatively, the surveys have documented more than 8,000 structures on approximately 1,650 sites over approximately 720 square miles of Will County. Performing a separate survey for each township has allowed more detailed information to be collected, such as individual photographs of each historic structure, an assessment of current conditions, and preparation of site sketch plans from aerial photographs. With the permission of property owners, the survey work was performed with close-up access to the buildings, which allowed for close range photography and a reliable identification of building materials. The survey data was compiled and analyzed using database software and geographic information system (GIS) software. In this report, Chapter 1 contains a description of the project methodology. Chapters 2 and 3 provide the historical and architectural context, within which the surveyed farmsteads were established, grew, were reconfigured, and in some cases were abandoned. Chapter 2 covers the historical context of Will County agriculture, as well as the historical development of Wilton Township. Chapter 3 discusses the architectural context of the rural survey area. Chapter 4 summarizes the survey results and includes a discussion of the National Register and Will County criteria for designation of historical and architectural significance and an overview of a select number of historically and/or architecturally significant farmsteads. At the end of Chapter 4 is a summary table of the survey results. A bibliography of research sources follows the text. Appendices include historic plat maps for Wilton Township, and maps developed for this report to present the results of the survey and research. Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey Wilton Township vii Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Federal Assistance Acknowledgement The activity, which is the subject of the Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey, has been financed in part with federal funds from the Department of the Interior, administered by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended. The U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 Or Equal Employment Opportunity Officer Illinois Historic Preservation Agency One Old State Capitol Plaza Springfield, Illinois 62701 Will County Rural Historic Structural Survey viii Wilton Township Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY Background At the request of the Will County Land Use Department, acting as liaison for the Will County Historic Preservation Commission, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) has prepared this summary report of the intensive survey of farmsteads in Wilton Township in Will County, Illinois. A previous survey of farmsteads in Will County was performed in 1988. Beginning in 1999, WJE has prepared intensive surveys of nineteen individual townships in Will County. Previous townships surveyed included Plainfield, Wheatland, and Lockport (completed November 2000), Du Page (November 2001), Homer (November 2002), New Lenox (August 2003), Green Garden (July 2004), Manhattan (September 2006), Frankfort (December 2007), Joliet and Troy (April 2009), Channahon (April 2009), Wilmington (December 2009), Jackson (December 2009), Reed (January 2011), Florence (August 2011), Custer (July 2012), Wesley (July 2012), and Peotone (October 2014). The objectives of the study are to provide comprehensive information on all historic rural structures located in the area; to assess the eligibility of rural districts or individual buildings
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