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Methodology for Cutting Tool Selection System Based on STEP NC. Part 1: Development of Tool Management System According to ISO13399 Standard

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Methodology for Cutting Tool Selection System Based on STEP NC. Part 1: Development of Tool Management System According to ISO13399 Standard Hanae ZARKTIet.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 9, (Part -7) September 2017, pp.46-52 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Methodology for Cutting tool selection system based on STEP_NC. Part 1: Development of tool Management system according to ISO13399 standard Hanae ZARKTI*, Abdelilah EL MESBAHI*, Ahmed RECHIA* *(Research team in Engineering, Innovation and Management of Industrial Systems, Department of mechanics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of sciences and technics, Tangier, Morocco. Corresponding Author: Hanae ZARKTI ABSTRACT Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems are considered as an important interface between computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing systems. One of the main objectives of CAPP systems is to assign adequate tools to manufacture the part. In fact, selecting the best tool is a critical activity and depends on numerous factors related essentially to the part and tool characteristics, machining conditions, etc. This paper describes a methodology for cutting tool selection based on STEP_NC and using tool definition according to ISO 13399 standard. The main focus was on milling process. A study of influencing parameters was conducted and some concluding remarks were made. The paper emphasizes the importance of the definition of cutting tools according to STEP-NC and ISO13399 standards in data tool exchange and proposes an automated optimized methodology for cutting tool selection. In this paper, a database was developed to ensure management of cutting tool using MySQL SERVER. Data tool were extracted from Sandvik Corormant ISO 13399 product library, by development of a new software using object oriented approach. Keywords: Cutting tool selection, STEP_NC, ISO13399,Object oriented programming, database. I. INTRODUCTION Mookhrejee and Bhattacharyya [3] Cutting tool selection is considered as an developed an expert system Extool which important stage in the process planning and it is a automatically selects the turning tool/insert or milling critical activity that has a great influence on insert, the material and geometry. machining productivity and efficiency. Edalew, Abdalla and Nash [4] developed a To keep up with fast paced technology, system for the selection of cutting tools. It’s a modern factories tend to use new solutions to reduce dynamic programming based system that utilizes cost and time labor and to achieve their performance mathematical modules and heuristic data to objectives. Yet, CAPP system were increasingly used determine and calculate cutting parameters and total to automate process planning activities. component cost. The system contains the following In the early 1980s, research work was modules: the knowledge acquisition module, the undertaken in the area of computer-aided knowledge base module, the inference engine, the manufacturing and process planning systems have user interface and the database. been developed to select a tool or a set of tools for a Arezoo, Ridgway and Al-Ahmari [5] specific operation or a set of operations. developed a knowledge based system for selection of Xiaoping Ren, Zhanqiang Liu and Yi Wan cutting tools and conditions of turning operations. It [1] developed a computer-based intelligent system contains an inference engine, a user interface and for Automatic tool selection for different tool explanation facility, a knowledge base and an materials. The procedure of selection goes through optimization module for machining conditions. several main steps: feature specification, machining The literature review shows that there have type selection, cutting tool selection and optimum been considerable efforts in developing cutting tool cutting conditions. selection systems, nevertheless, there still a lack of Carpenter and Maropoulos [2] developed a manufacturing interoperability between flexible tool selection decision support system for CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC chains. In fact, design and milling operations, the system is called OPTIMUM cutting tool information are lost when exchanging (Optimized Planning of Tooling and Intelligent information between dissimilar systems. For Machinability evaluation for Milling).It combines a example, at the process planning stage, cutting tools knowledge based logic and statistical methods. are defined with their associated parameters (diameter, length, grades etc…), however, when www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622-0709074652 46 | P a g e Hanae ZARKTIet.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 9, (Part -7) September 2017, pp.46-52 moving to machining stage, the CNC program define machining features. The machining feature the tool with only its position, (e.g. T0100), and no definitions are used as inputs to process planning further information is given about it. stage. Micro process planning for machining is then Unlike the traditional standard ISO 6983 (G- carried out using AP 238. STEP-NC is the code), STEP-NC has the ability to link the machining application of STEP methods to NC machines. Its chain components providing a bi-directional flow of title is “STEP Data Model for Computerized data between them. Considering the power of Numerical Controllers”, representing a common data STEP_NC standard and the importance of cutting specifically aimed at NC programming. STEP-NC tool management in enhancing machining has been and continues to be a global effort with the productivity, this project aims the development of an goal of providing a data model for a new breed of automatic optimized cutting tool selection system intelligent CNC controllers. based on the STEP_NC standard. This project is the perspective of previous works launched recently by Research team in Engineering, Innovation and Management of Industrial Systems, FST of Tangier, which deals with CAD/CAPP/CAM integration using STEP_NC standard. El mesbahi et al presented an automated and optimized cutting tools selection system for milling process[6]. In [7], Jaider proposed a CAPP system “CAPP TURN” based on STEP and STEP_NC standards for turning process. In this paper a cutting tool selection methodology is presented. First, the paper outlines the utility of proposed standards, shows the results of cutting tool parameters study, then gives the architecture of cutting tool selection system with Figure 1. Design and process DATA flow with description of its principal modules. Finally, database associated standards implementation and data tool extraction module are described with a case study. III. CUTTING TOOL DATA EXCHANGE Regarding the poor representation of tool in II. STEP_NC STANDARD the older ISO 6983 G and M code language, there is The STEP_NC_AP238 and ISO 14649 an increasing need for manufacturers to adapt a standard is the result of a 10 year international effort standard for cutting tool data representation. This to replace the ISO 6983 G and M code standard with urgent need emanates from the fact that the G& M a modern language connecting CAD data with CAM code describes only the path of the tool center point process data [8]. with respect to machine axes. Consequently, even if STEP /ISO 10303, the standard for the the tool selection is done automatically with CAM exchange of product model describes a complete and systems, information about tool (geometry, unambiguous product definition throughout the life properties…) will be lost when moving to the cycle of a product. STEP standards consist of machining stage. numerous Application Protocols (APs). Each AP is Responding to this problematic, the focused on defining information for a particular proposed tool selection methodology is based on both application domain. An AP had three parts: STEP_NC and ISO13399 emerging standards. • Application activity model (AAM)—a model of the activities and data flows of the application. • Application reference model (ARM)—a model of the data needed for a particular application. •Application interpreted model (AIM)—an encoding of the ARM in terms of the STEP integrated resources. This is the model that is intended for implementation in systems that use STEP. Figure 1 describes design and process data flow with main associated STEP application protocols. The STEP AP 203 describes geometric representation data while AP 224 is used to describe www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622-0709074652 47 | P a g e Hanae ZARKTIet.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 9, (Part -7) September 2017, pp.46-52 II.1. CUTTING TOOL REPRESENTATION IN 13399 is a standard for the description of cutting tool STEP_NC/ ISO14649 as products, while ISO 14649 only describes some simple tool requirements to be used by the CNC when deciding what cutting tool to use [11]. An ISO 13399 exchange file contains an electronic representation of cutting tool data as defined by the information structure that can be exchanged by tooling applications. ISO 13399 is defined as a Schema in the ISO 10303 Express language. The ISO 13399 schema develops a framework in which to define tooling properties, tooling assemblies, and relationship between tooling elements. There are no actual tooling properties in the ISO 13399 schema. Instead ISO 13399 develops a programming structure in which to embed ISO 13584, which is the Industrial automation systems and integration – Parts library (PLIB) [12]. As depicted in Figure 3, the P21 file contains links to other files that is needed. Figure 2. Express G diagram for milling machine
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