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Five New Species of the Killifish Genus Anablepsoides from the Brazilian Amazon (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

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Five New Species of the Killifish Genus Anablepsoides from the Brazilian Amazon (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) 63 (3): 283 – 293 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2013. 20.12.2013 Five new species of the killifish genus Anablepsoides from the Brazilian Amazon (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Pedro H. N. Bragança & Pedro F. Amorim Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; wcosta(at)acd.ufrj.br, pedrobra88(at)gmail.com, pedro_f_a(at)hotmail.com Accepted 01.xi.2013. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on 18.xii.2013. Abstract Two new species of the Anablepsoides urophthalmus group and three new species of the A. ornatus group, collected in the Brazilian Ama- zon, are described. Anablepsoides jari, new species, and A. roraimaQHZVSHFLHVDUHWKH¿UVWUHFRUGVRIPHPEHUVRIWKHA. urophthalmus group for tributaries of the Amazonas river basin draining the Guiana Shield, but phylogenetic relationships of these species with other taxa are still uncertain. Anablepsoides jariIURPWKH-DULULYHUGUDLQDJHLVGLVWLQJXLVKHGIURPFRQJHQHUVE\WKHFRORXUSDWWHUQRIÀDQNDQG XQSDLUHG¿QVLQPDOHVZKHUHDVAnablepsoides roraimaIURPWKH%UDQFRULYHUGUDLQDJHLVGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHVSRWWHGSDWWHUQRIÀDQNLQ males. Relationships of the three new species of the A. ornatus group, Anablepsoides henschelae, new species, Anablepsoides ottonii, new species, and Anablepsoides gamaeQHZVSHFLHVDUHWHQWDWLYHO\LQIHUUHGXSRQWKHEDVLVRIGHULYHGFRORXUSDWWHUQVRIFDXGDO¿QLQPDOHV which are also informative to diagnose each new species. Anablepsoides ottonii seems to be closely related to A. ornatus by both sharing DSRLQWHGFDXGDO¿QLQODUJHUVSHFLPHQVDQGWKHSUHVHQFHRIUHGGLVKEURZQVSRWVRQWKHGRUVDOSRUWLRQRIWKHFDXGDO¿QLQPDOHVZKHUHDV A. gamae and A. amanan VKDUHDFRORXUSDWWHUQRIFDXGDO¿QLQPDOHVXQLTXHDPRQJDSORFKHLORLGVLQZKLFKWKHGRUVDOSRUWLRQRIWKH¿Q LVRUDQJLVKUHGZLWKGRUVDOPDUJLQZKLWHDQGQDUURZEODFNRXWHUERUGHUAnablepsoides henschelae is considered as the sister group to all RWKHUVSHFLHVRILWVJURXSE\QRWVKDULQJDQDSRPRUSKLFDV\PPHWULFDOO\FRORXUHGFDXGDO¿QLQPDOHV Key words Amazon Forest, Amazonas river, Biodiversity, Guiana Shield, Systematics. Introduction Anablepsoides HUBER, 1992 is a species-rich genus of cies presently assigned to Anablepsoides were described 1HRWURSLFDODSORFKHLORLGNLOOL¿VKHVRFFXUULQJLQQRUWK- from the Brazilian Amazon between 1863 and 1916 ern South America, including the Amazonas river basin, (STEINDACHNER, 1863, 1877; GÜNTHER, 1866; GARMAN, and in adjacent Caribbean islands (COSTA, 2011). Within 1895; HENN, 1916), but no new description for taxa oc- this geographical distribution, the Amazonas river ba- curring in this huge area was published between 1916 sin concentrates the highest diversity both in number DQGDOWKRXJKIUHTXHQWUHFHQWFROOHFWLRQVGHSRVLWHG of species and in specialized forms. However, whereas in Brazilian museums. Possibly this was a result of the taxonomical studies developed in the last decades fo- LQFRPSOHWH NQRZOHGJH DERXW VSHFLHV GHVFULEHG EHIRUH cused on taxa endemic to western Amazon, in Colombia, WKDW SHULRG PDNLQJ LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI UHFHQW FROOHFWLRQV Ecuador, and Peru, little advance has been recorded for uncertain. A new approach for the taxonomical state of the Brazilian Amazon (COSTA, 2013). Seven nominal spe- Anablepsoides from the Brazilian Amazon was provided ISSN 1864-5755 283 W.J.E.M. Costa et al.: Five new Anablepsoides from the Brazilian Amazon by COSTA (2006), when new morphological characters Table 1. Morphometric data of Anablepsoides jari. ZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGWRULYXOLQHWD[RQRP\PDNLQJSRVVLEOH both to delimit taxa assigned to old names and to rec- holotype paratypes ognise new species (COSTA & LAZZAROTO, 2008; COSTA, male males (5) females (2) 2010, 2013). Standard length (mm) 25.6 22.5 – 31.0 20.8 – 24.5 Amazonian species of Anablepsoides have been Percent of standard length placed in different informal groups diagnosed by mor- Body depth 19.5 20.1 – 21.6 18.2 – 18.6 phological characters. COSTA (2010) recognised two groups of similar species sharing longitudinal rows Caudal peduncle depth 13.8 13.5 – 15.1 11.8 – 13.1 RI UHG VSRWV RQ WKH ÀDQN LQ PDOHV IURQWDO VTXDPDWLRQ Pre-dorsal length 80.3 78.0 – 81.9 77.9 – 79.9 (SDWWHUQHGDQGVKRUWXQSDLUHG¿QVGRUVDO¿QZLWK± Pre-pelvic length 53.6 54.2 – 57.8 54.4 – 55.2 Length of dorsal-fin base 6.8 6.2 – 8.8 7.3 – 7.5 UD\VDQGDQDO¿QZLWK±UD\V7KH¿UVWRQHWKHA. Length of anal-fin base 16.0 16.6 – 19.4 16.2 – 18.4 urophthalmus group, included species of central and Caudal-fin length 33.4 32.0 – 38.0 36.2 – 37.1 eastern Amazon, Guianas and eastern Venezuela, and the Pectoral-fin length 20.5 20.7 – 24.4 19.9 – 21.8 second one, the A. limoncochae group, included species Pelvic-fin length 10.0 8.8 – 11.8 8.0 – 9.3 from central and western Amazon. The former group was Head length 24.4 24.3 – 26.5 25.5 – 26.1 distinguished from the latter by the absence of contact or- JDQVRQERG\VFDOHVDQGDEVHQFHRIDQREOLTXHUHGVWULSH Percent of head length RQPLGGOHRIWKHGRUVDO¿QEHVLGHVVSHFLHVRIWKHIRUPHU Head depth 63.0 61.7 – 67.6 59.3 – 62.0 group often having yellow pigmentation concentrated on Head width 81.3 75.4 – 81.4 74.5 – 75.9 WKHGRUVDODQGYHQWUDOPDUJLQVRIWKHFDXGDO¿QLQPDOHV Snout length 14.3 14.8 – 17.1 12.8 – 14.0 Although species of both groups being morphologically Lower jaw length 21.2 18.6 – 21.3 18.4 – 19.0 similar, molecular evidence has indicated that species of Eye diameter 31.9 31.1 – 34.6 30.8 – 32.8 the A. urophthalmus group are more closely related to other species of Anablepsoides from the coastal rivers of northern South America than to species of the A. li- derived from distribution of melanophores were also di- moncochae group, whereas species of the latter group are rectly observed in all preserved specimens. Measurements more closely related to other species of Anablepsoides and counts follow COSTA (1995). Measure ments are pre- from the Amazon than to species of the A. urophthalmus sented as percentages of standard length (SL), except for group (e.g., MURPHY et al., 1999). those related to head morphology, which are expressed Another species group of Anablepsoides peculiar as percentages of head length. Fin-ray counts include all to the Amazon is that comprising A. ornatus (GARMAN, HOHPHQWV 1XPEHU RI YHUWHEUDH DQG JLOOUDNHUV ZHUH UH- 1895) and A. amanan (COSTA & LAZZAROTO, 2008), herein corded only from the cleared and stained specimen; the named as the A. ornatus group. Species of this group are compound caudal centrum was counted as a single ele- small (maximum size about 28 mm SL), have depressed ment. The osteological preparation was made according KHDGDQGORQJFDXGDO¿Q EHWZHHQDERXWDQG to TAYLOR & VAN DYKE (1985). Terminology for cephalic SL). The objective of this paper is to describe two new neuromast series follows COSTA (2001). The abbreviation species of the A. urophthalmus group and three new spe- C&S means specimens cleared and stained for bone and cies of the A. ornatus group collected in Amazonas river FDUWLODJH'HOLPLWDWLRQRIVSHFLHVLVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHWK- tributaries draining the Guiana Shield and adjacent areas odology of the Population Aggregation Analysis (DAVIS & of central Brazilian Amazon. NIXON LQZKLFKVSHFLHVDUHGHOLPLWHGE\DXQLTXH combination of morphological character states. Material and methods Anablepsoides jari spec. nov. Fig. 1, Table 1 Material is deposited in the ichthyological collections of ,(3$,QVWLWXWRGH3HVTXLVDV&LHQWt¿FDVH7HFQROyJLFDVGR Estado do Amapá, Macapá, INPA, Instituto Nacional de Holotype: 8)5- , male, 25.6 mm SL; Brazil: Estado do 3HVTXLVDVGD$PD]{QLD0DQDXVDQG8)5-,QVWLWXWRGH $PDSi0XQLFtSLRGH/DUDQMDOGR-DULVWUHDPWULEXWDU\RI-DULULY %LRORJLD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LRGH-DQHLUR5LRGH HUORZHU$PD]RQDVULYHUEDVLQƍƎ6ƍƎ:P.H.N. BRAGANÇA & E. HENSCHEL, 25 July 2012. Janeiro. Morphological characters used in the description EHORZ ZHUH REWDLQHG IURP VSHFLPHQV ¿[HG LQ IRUPDOLQ Paratypes: $OO IURP 0XQLFtSLR GH /DUDQMDO GR -DUL (VWDGR GR just after collection, for a period of about ten days, and Amapá, Brazil. 8)5-, 1 female, 20.8 mm SL; 8)5-, 2 PDOHV±PP6/IHPDOHPP6/ & 6 FROOHFWHG WKHQWUDQVIHUUHGWRHWKDQRO'HVFULSWLRQVRIFRORXU ZLWKKRORW\SH±,13$PDOHV±PP6/IH patterns were based on photographs of live individuals PDOHV±PP6/VWUHDPWULEXWDU\WR-DULULYHUMXVWEHORZ WDNHQLQVPDOODTXDULDMXVWDIWHUFROOHFWLRQFRORXUSDWWHUQV 6DQWR$QW{QLRZDWHUIDOOM. JEGU & J. ZUANON, 21 June 1987. 284 VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY — 63 (3) 2013 Fig. 1. Anablepsoides jari8)5-KRORW\SHPDOHPP6/%UD]LO$PDSi/DUDQMDOGR-DUL Diagnosis. 'LVWLQJXLVKHG IURP DOO RWKHU VSHFLHV RI WKH GLDQRSHUFXODUYHQWUDORSHUFXODUSUHRSHUFXODU A. urophthalmus group by having longitudinal rows of PDQGLEXODU ODWHUDO PDQGLEXODU SDUDPDQGLEXODU red dots interrupted and replaced by short rows of golden /DWHUDOOLQHLQWHUUXSWHGDOWHUQDWLQJVHWVRI±VFDOHV GRWVRQWKHÀDQNLQPDOHV YVURZVRIUHGGRWVRIWHQFRQ- with one neuromast and without neuromasts. Two neuro- tinuous, when interrupted not replaced by golden dots), PDVWVRQFDXGDO¿QEDVH PDUJLQVRIXQSDLUHGGDUNJUH\LQPDOHV YVQHYHUGDUN %DVLK\DOVXEWULDQJXODUJUHDWHVWZLGWKDERXWRI SLJPHQW FRQFHQWUDWHG RQ ¿Q HGJH WR IRUP GLVWLQFW FRO- OHQJWKEDVLK\DOFDUWLODJHDERXWRIWRWDOOHQJWKRI oured margins), and a horizontal row of red dots on the basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Two teeth on second VXEEDVDOUHJLRQRIWKHDQDO¿QLQPDOHV QHYHUDVLPLODU SKDU\QJREUDQFKLDO *LOOUDNHUV RQ ¿UVW EUDQFKLDO DUFK colour pattern). 9RPHULQH WHHWK DEVHQW 'HUPRVSKHQRWLF SUHVHQW Ventral process of posttemporal rudimentary. Total ver- Description. 0RUSKRPHWULFGDWDDSSHDULQ7DEOH'RU WHEUDH± VDODQGYHQWUDOSUR¿OHVVOLJKWO\FRQYH[IURPVQRXWWRSRV- WHULRUHQGRIGRUVDODQGDQDO¿QEDVHVQHDUO\VWUDLJKWRQ
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