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Journal of Avian Biology JAV-02020 Crouch, N

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Journal of Avian Biology JAV-02020 Crouch, N Journal of Avian Biology JAV-02020 Crouch, N. M. A. and Mason-Gamer, R. J. 2018. Identifying ecological drivers of interspecific variation in song complexity in songbirds (Passeriformes, Passeri). – J. Avian Biol. 2018: e02020 Supplementary material Appendix 1 List of Figures A1 The song of a Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis, xeno-canto recording XC309927) com- prisedof6syllables. ....................................... 2 A2 Distribution of study recordings colored by whether they fall inside the Tropics of Cancer andCapricorn........................................... 2 A3 Spatial distribution of recordings used in this study not graded as A for quality. 3 A4 Variation in the 8 measured acoustic parameters due to differences in recording quality. .4 A5 Distribution of tropical and temperate species on the single retained discriminant function. 5 List of Tables A1 List of the species included in the study. 6 A2 Summary of fixed effects from models of individual aspects of song complexity. 15 1 Figure A1: The song of a Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis, xeno-canto recording XC309927) comprised of 6 notes. A syllable is defined as the smallest continuous shape on a spectrogram. The Carolina chickadee song is used as an exemplar due to the clear spacing between notes. Figure A2: Distribution of study recordings colored by whether they fall inside the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, indicated by dashed lines. 2 Figure A3: Spatial distribution of recordings used in this study not graded as A for quality. 3 Figure A4: Variation in the 8 measured acoustic parameters due to differences in recording quality. 4 Figure A5: Distribution of tropical and temperate species on the single retained discriminant function. Singing rate explained 92% of the variation on the function. As singing rate loaded negatively, species in the tropics had a lower singing rate. 5 Table A1: List of the species included in the study. n is the number of recordings from each species. Family Species n Acanthizidae Origma solitaria 2 Crateroscelis murina 4 Hylacola pyrrhopygia 2 Gerygone chrysogaster 2 Acanthiza pusilla 2 Acanthiza reguloides 2 Aphelocephala leucopsis 1 Aegithalos caudatus 2 Psaltriparus minimus 2 Aegithina tiphia 3 Aegithina viridissima 3 Campephagidae Coracina typica 2 Coracina tenuirostris 3 Coracina fimbriata 3 Campephaga quiscalina 2 Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 2 Pericrocotus solaris 2 Certhiidae Salpornis spilonotus 2 Certhia familiaris 3 Certhia brachydactyla 4 Certhia himalayana 2 Cinclidae Cinclus cinclus 3 Cinclus mexicanus 2 Cisticolidae Prinia hodgsonii 4 Prinia socialis 3 Prinia subflava 3 Cisticola cantans 2 Cisticola chubbi 2 Cisticola nanus 2 Cisticola fulvicapilla 2 Eminia lepida 2 Apalis flavida 2 Camaroptera brachyura 3 Camaroptera superciliaris 2 Phyllolais pulchella 1 Heliolais erythropterus 2 Prinia leucopogon 1 Climacteridae Cormobates leucophaea 3 Climacteris erythrops 1 Climacteris rufus 1 6 Family Species n Climacteridae Climacteris picumnus 2 Colluricinclidae Colluricincla megarhyncha 2 Colluricincla harmonica 2 Pitohui ferrugineus 2 Dasyornithidae Dasyornis broadbenti 3 Dicaeidae Prionochilus maculatus 2 Dicaeum agile 1 Dicaeum geelvinkianum 1 Estrildidae Amandava amandava 3 Nigrita canicapillus 2 Spermophaga haematina 2 Pytilia melba 1 Lagonosticta rubricata 2 Hypargos niveoguttatus 1 Mandingoa nitidula 2 Eupetidae Eupetes macrocerus 2 Falcunculidae Falcunculus frontatus 2 Laniidae Lanius collurio 3 Lanius schach 3 Lanius tephronotus 2 Lanius ludovicianus 1 Lanius excubitoroides 3 Lanius cabanisi 1 Lanius dorsalis 2 Lanius mackinnoni 1 Lanius senator 1 Lanius nubicus 1 Corvinella corvina 1 Urolestes melanoleucus 3 Malaconotidae Malaconotus blanchoti 2 Tchagra australis 2 Tchagra senegalus 2 Dryoscopus cubla 2 Dryoscopus gambensis 3 Laniarius poensis 3 Laniarius fuelleborni 1 Laniarius luehderi 1 Laniarius aethiopicus 2 Laniarius ferrugineus 2 Laniarius bicolor 2 Laniarius erythrogaster 3 Laniarius barbarus 1 Telophorus nigrifrons 3 Telophorus zeylonus 2 7 Family Species n Malaconotidae Rhodophoneus cruentus 2 Telophorus quadricolor 2 Nilaus afer 2 Maluridae Sipodotus wallacii 3 Malurus cyaneus 2 Malurus splendens 2 Stipiturus malachurus 2 Stipiturus ruficeps 1 Amytornis textilis 1 Melanocharitidae Melanocharis nigra 1 Toxorhamphus poliopterus 1 Meliphagidae Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris 3 Anthornis melanura 1 Lichenostomus fuscus 1 Anthochaera chrysoptera 2 Myzomela sanguinolenta 3 Ptiloprora guisei 2 Phylidonyris niger 3 Melithreptus brevirostris 1 Philemon corniculatus 2 Philemon meyeri 3 Xanthotis flaviventer 2 Mimidae Dumetella carolinensis 2 Cinclocerthia ruficauda 1 Margarops fuscatus 3 Mimus polyglottos 4 Mimus gilvus 3 Mimus gundlachii 3 Mimus triurus 2 Mimus saturninus 4 Mimus patagonicus 3 Mimus thenca 2 Mimus longicaudatus 3 Mimus parvulus 2 Mimus macdonaldi 1 Mimus melanotis 2 Oreoscoptes montanus 3 Toxostoma rufum 2 Toxostoma longirostre 3 Toxostoma bendirei 2 Toxostoma ocellatum 2 Toxostoma curvirostre 2 Toxostoma lecontei 2 Monarchidae Trochocercus nitens 1 8 Family Species n Monarchidae Terpsiphone viridis 2 Terpsiphone paradisi 2 Myiagra inquieta 3 Monarcha guttula 1 Hypothymis azurea 2 Arses telescophthalmus 4 Grallina cyanoleuca 2 Muscicapidae Melaenornis pammelaina 1 Fraseria ocreata 2 Muscicapa ferruginea 1 Muscicapa adusta 2 Myioparus plumbeus 1 Ficedula narcissina 2 Ficedula albicollis 2 Eumyias thalassinus 2 Cyornis tickelliae 3 Muscicapidae Niltava macgrigoriae 2 Nectariniidae Anthreptes singalensis 2 Anthreptes malacensis 2 Anthreptes collaris 2 Nectarinia olivacea 4 Nectarinia aspasia 2 Nectarinia jugularis 3 Arachnothera longirostra 2 Arachnothera crassirostris 1 Oriolidae Oriolus xanthonotus 3 Oriolus brachyrhynchus 1 Oriolus larvatus 3 Orthonychidae Orthonyx spaldingii 1 Pachycephalidae Pachycephala pectoralis 4 Pachycephala rufiventris 3 Paradisaeidae Manucodia ater 2 Ptiloris magnificus 2 Epimachus meyeri 2 Paradisaea minor 2 Paridae Parus atricapillus 2 Parus carolinensis 4 Baeolophus wollweberi 2 Baeolophus inornatus 3 Baeolophus bicolor 2 Sylviparus modestus 2 Melanochlora sultanea 2 Parulidae Parula americana 2 Dendroica pensylvanica 2 9 Family Species n Parulidae Dendroica magnolia 3 Dendroica caerulescens 2 Dendroica coronata 4 Dendroica nigrescens 2 Dendroica virens 2 Dendroica fusca 2 Dendroica dominica 2 Dendroica graciae 2 Dendroica pinus 3 Dendroica discolor 3 Dendroica cerulea 2 Protonotaria citrea 2 Helmitheros vermivorum 1 Seiurus aurocapilla 2 Geothlypis trichas 4 Wilsonia pusilla 2 Wilsonia canadensis 2 Myioborus pictus 2 Myioborus torquatus 2 Icteria virens 3 Vermivora celata 4 Vermivora ruficapilla 2 Vermivora luciae 2 Seiurus noveboracensis 3 Seiurus motacilla 2 Wilsonia citrina 2 Mniotilta varia 2 Passeridae Plocepasser mahali 3 Passer rufocinctus 1 Passer griseus 2 Petronia xanthocollis 1 Petronia petronia 2 Montifringilla nivalis 3 Petroicidae Amalocichla incerta 2 Eopsaltria australis 2 Melanodryas cucullata 2 Petroica multicolor 3 Petroica macrocephala 2 Petroica goodenovii 3 Petroica australis 2 Microeca flavovirescens 2 Peucedramidae Peucedramus taeniatus 2 Platysteiridae Platysteira cyanea 2 Ploceidae Dinemellia dinemelli 2 10 Family Species n Polioptilidae Ramphocaenus melanurus 2 Polioptila caerulea 3 Polioptila melanura 2 Polioptila plumbea 2 Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus temporalis 2 Promeropidae Promerops gurneyic 1 Prunellidae Prunella collaris 2 Prunella rubeculoides 1 Prunella strophiata 1 Prunella fulvescens 3 Prunella atrogularis 2 Prunella modularis 3 Prunella rubida 2 Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus buccoides 1 Ailuroedus melanotis 2 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cyaniventris 1 Pycnonotus jocosus 2 Pycnonotus cafer 1 Pycnonotus brunneus 1 Pycnonotus erythropthalmos 3 Andropadus importunus 3 Bleda syndactylus 2 Criniger calurus 2 Alophoixus phaeocephalus 3 Alophoixus bres 2 Andropadus latirostris 2 Andropadus virens 2 Andropadus gracilirostris 4 Pycnonotus atriceps 4 Reguliidae Regulus calendula 3 Regulus ignicapilla 2 Regulus satrapa 3 Regulus regulus 4 Remizidae Remiz pendulinus 2 Auriparus flaviceps 2 Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucothorax 2 Rhipidura leucophrys 2 Rhipidura javanica 3 Rhipidura perlata 2 Rhipidura rufiventris 2 Rhipidura fuliginosa 3 Rhipidura rufidorsa 2 Sittidae Sitta pygmaea 2 Sitta carolinensis 2 11 Family Species n Sittidae Tichodroma muraria 2 Sturnidae Mino dumontii 1 Mino anais 1 Lamprotornis hildebrandti 2 Lamprotornis australis 2 Lamprotornis caudatus 1 Lamprotornis purpuroptera 4 Lamprotornis splendidus 3 Lamprotornis superbus 5 Cinnyricinclus sharpii 2 Lamprotornis corruscus 1 Sylviidae Orthotomus sutorius 3 Orthotomus atrogularis 2 Orthotomus sericeus 2 Orthotomus sepium 3 Bathmocercus rufus 2 Artisornis metopias 1 Eremomela icteropygialis 4 Phylloscopus collybita 3 Phylloscopus affinis 2 Phylloscopus griseolus 2 Phylloscopus xanthoschistos 3 Seicercus castaniceps 3 Phylloscopus coronatus 3 Phylloscopus reguloides 3 Abroscopus albogularis 3 Cettia diphone 3 Cettia brunnifrons 2 Tesia castaneocoronata 4 Sylvia atricapilla 3 Sylvia borin 4 Sylvia nisoria 2 Sylvia curruca 2 Sylvia hortensis 2 Sylvia nana 1 Sylvia undata 2 Sylvia sarda 2 Sylvia deserticola 2 Sylvia conspicillata 2 Sylvia cantillans 3 Sylvia melanocephala 3 Sylvia mystacea 2 Sylvia rueppelli 2 Sylvia melanothorax 2 12 Family Species n Sylviidae Sylvia lugens 1 Sylvia subcaerulea 2 Sylvia layardi 4 Sylvia boehmi 4 Sylvia althaea 4 Sylvia communis 2 Timaliidae Stachyris nigricollis 2 Stachyris erythroptera 3 Stachyris maculata 2 Troglodytidae Campylorhynchus
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