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IHS Automotive Sectoral Report Supplierbusiness the Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Report IHS Automotive Sectoral Report SupplierBusiness The Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Report 2013 edition supplierbusiness.com IHS Automotive SupplierBusiness | The Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Report Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Market drivers ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Emissions regulations ................................................................................................................................................. 9 The United States ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 The European Union ...................................................................................................................................................11 Japan ..........................................................................................................................................................................11 China ..........................................................................................................................................................................11 Other countries .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Fuel costs .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Criterion emissions ................................................................................................................................................... 14 The United States ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 Japan ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Europe ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 China ..........................................................................................................................................................................17 Other countries ...........................................................................................................................................................17 Powertrain design ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 Powertrain technology ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Engine downsizing and down-speeding ................................................................................................................. 22 Combustion cycles .................................................................................................................................................... 26 Altered combustion modes ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Variable valve actuation ............................................................................................................................................ 29 Variable valve timing and lift ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Camless valve actuation ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Electro-hydraulic valve actuation ................................................................................................................................ 35 Electromagnetic valve actuation ................................................................................................................................. 35 Cylinder deactivation ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Direct injection technology ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Spray-guided injection ................................................................................................................................................ 42 Diesel injection technology ......................................................................................................................................... 43 Advanced ignition systems....................................................................................................................................... 45 Laser ignition systems ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Compression-ignition engine technologies .............................................................................................................. 50 Combustion cycles .................................................................................................................................................... 51 Downsizing ................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Material development................................................................................................................................................ 52 Forced induction ........................................................................................................................................................... 57 Compressors .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Screw compressors ................................................................................................................................................... 58 Centrifugal compressors ............................................................................................................................................ 58 Bearing systems ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 Micro turbocharging ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Waste-gated turbochargers ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Twin-scroll turbochargers ........................................................................................................................................ 61 IHS Automotive SupplierBusiness COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND LEGAL DISCLAIMER © 2013 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein. For more information, please contact IHS at [email protected], +1 800 IHS CARE (from North American locations), or +44 (0) 1344 328 300 (from outside North America). All products, company names or other marks appearing in this publication are the trademarks and property of IHS or their respective owners. 2013 edition 2 © 2013 IHS IHS Automotive SupplierBusiness | The Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Report Variable geometry turbochargers ........................................................................................................................... 63 Multi-stage turbocharging .......................................................................................................................................... 66 Sequential twin turbocharging .................................................................................................................................... 66 Regulated twin turbocharging .................................................................................................................................... 67 Three-stage turbocharging ........................................................................................................................................
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